2024-2025学年高二英语寒假作业 单词复习+习题精做 每天80分钟 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement 学习测试版+答案解析版

第1部分 巩固提升 选择性必修第一册 2025高二寒假作业 每天80分钟 答案解析版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 Unit 1 People of Achievement Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. physiology n. 生理学；生理机能 2. artemisinin n. [药]青蒿素 3. malaria n. 疟疾 4. extract n. 提取物；摘录 vt. 提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出 5. wormwood n. 蒿；洋艾 6. substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据 7. penicillin n. 青霉素 8. chart n. 图表 vt. 记录；制订计划 9. flow chart流程图 10. numerous adj. 众多的；许多的 11. theory n. 理论；学说 12. relativity n. 相对论；相对性 13. formula n. 公式；方程式；配方 14. patent n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的 15. doctorate n. 博士学位 16. photoelectric adj. 光电的 17. institution n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗 18. institute n. (教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 19. moustache n. 上唇的胡子；髭 20. peculiarity n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质 21. device n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 2. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3. objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的 4. property n. 性质；特征；财产 5. boil vt. & vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点 6. liquid n. 液体 adj. 液体的；液态的 7. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行 8. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 9. defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 10. apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 11. insist vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求 12. mostly adv. 主要地；一般地 13. flee vi. & vt. (fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑 14. circumstance n. [usually pl. ]条件；环境；状况 15. flow n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动 16. infer vt. 推断；推定 17. genius n. (pl. geniuses)天才；天资；天赋 18. extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 19. gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 20. encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇 21. mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；忧伤 22. remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的 23. sum vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和 24. draft n. 草稿；草案 vt. 起草；草拟 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. commit vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n. 投入；奉献；承诺 2. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj. 学业的；学术的 3. botanical adj. 植物学的→botany n. 植物学 4. evaluate vt. 评价；评估→evaluation n. 评价；评估 5. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n. 区别；差别 6. analyse(NAmE -ze)vt. 分析→analysis(pl. analyses) n. 分析 7. scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家 8. conclusion n. 结论；推论→conclude vt. 断定；推断出 9. novelist n. 小说家→novel n. (长篇)小说 adj. 新颖的；珍奇的 10. found vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n. 创建；基金会→founder n. 创建者；创始人 11. politician n. 政治家；从政者；政客→politics n. 政治(学)→political adj. 政治的 12. gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的→gently adv. 温柔地；温和地 13. passion n. 酷爱；激情→passionate adj. 有激情的 14. consequence n. 结果；后果→consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv. 结果；因此；所以 15. professor n. 教授→profession n. 职业，行业→professional adj. 职业的；专业的 n. 专业人士 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2. insist on坚决要求 3. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 4. come to power (开始)掌权；上台 5. take up a position担任；任职 6. sum up总结；概括 7. lead to导致 8. graduate from毕业于…… 9. with the objective of目的是…… 10. manage to do sth设法做成某事 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives，and has led to improved health for millions of people. (过去分词作前置定语) 青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。 2. After failing more than 190 times，the team finally succeeded in 1971. (介词＋doing) 经历了190多次的失败之后，这个团队终于在1971年获得了成功。 3. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine. . . ”(upon doing. . . ) 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……” 4. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. (it作形式主语) 中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。 5. While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. (状语从句的省略) 工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。 晨检得分 _______/________ · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分) 1. device n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器 2. substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据 3. chart n. 图表 vt. 记录；制订计划 4. numerous adj. 众多的；许多的 5. theory n. 理论；学说 6. relativity n. 相对论；相对性 7. patent n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的 8. institute n. (教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1分，共12分) 1. infer vt. 推断；推定 2. genius n. 天才；天资；天赋 3. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 4. encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇 5. remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的 6. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行 7. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 8. defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 9. sum vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和 10. insist vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求 11. flee vi. & vt. 迅速离开；逃跑 12. circumstance n. [usually pl. ]条件；环境；状况 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分) 1. botanical adj. 植物学的→botany n. 植物学 2. evaluate vt. 评价；评估→evaluation n. 评价；评估 3. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n. 区别；差别 4. novelist n. 小说家→novel n. (长篇)小说 adj. 新颖的；珍奇的 5. found vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n. 创建；基金会→founder n. 创建者；创始人 6. gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的→gently adv. 温柔地；温和地 7. consequence n. 结果；后果→consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv. 结果；因此；所以 Ⅳ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1. commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2. with the objective of目的是…… 3. manage to do sth设法做成某事 4. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 5. graduate from 毕业于…… · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ. 词形变化填空(每小题2. 5分，共20分) 1. Committed to education，he committed every minute to studying and teaching，so his commitment finally paid off. (commit) 2. I desire to be a professor by profession in the future and I will possess lots of professional knowledge. (professor) 3. The scientist has made many scientific achievements in science. (science) 4. Through my great efforts，I obtained academic qualifications at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (academy) 5. As you know，politics is my major at university，and as a consequence，I memorize many political parties and politicians. (politics) 6. I have trouble analysing the difficult theory，so I will refer to one of his logical analyses. (analyse) 7. My classmate is passionate about everything，so he studies everything with great passion. (passion) 8. He has concluded something important from what happened in the past and everyone agrees with all his conclusions. (conclude) Ⅱ. 选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1. It is said that the newly-elected mayor won’t come to power until next month. 2. Yesterday he took up a position as a sales manager at that international supermarket. 3. The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. 4. Eating too much fat can lead to heart disease and cause high blood pressure. 5. His yesterday’s speech summed up the present challenging situation of economy. Ⅲ. 经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1. 放学后，一些孩子冲向操场，开始清理地上的落叶。(过去分词作前置定语) After school，some children rushed to the playground and started to clear the fallen leaves on the ground. 2. 在赛跑中获得一等奖后，他又唱又跳地回家了。(介词＋doing) After winning first prize in the running race，he headed for his home，singing and dancing. 3. 一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴地跳了起来。(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)(upon doing. . . ) Upon hearing the news，he was unable to control his excitement and jumped with joy. 4. 很荣幸站在这里和你们分享我的学习方法。(it作形式主语) It is an honour for me to stand here to share with you my learning methods. 5. 参观艺术展览的时候，我们讨论了这位伟大艺术家的作品。(状语从句的省略) While visiting the art exhibition，we discussed the great artist’s works. 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与社会之中国科学家屠呦呦发现青蒿素与疟疾的治疗 记叙文 327 适中(0. 65) B 人与社会之中国著名翻译家许渊冲对于翻译的贡献 说明文 469 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与社会之打电话或视频等有声音的联系比文字更能让社交有效 说明文 398 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之一位科学家为什么能够与众不同 说明文 515 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与社会之著名女科学家屠呦呦的生平和成就 说明文 188 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 介绍中国明代医药学家李时珍的文章 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （24-25高二上·全国·期中）【课本改编题】 Tu Youyou, a renowned Chinese scientist, is famous for her groundbreaking research on artemisinin, a compound derived from plants that has shown remarkable effectiveness in treating malaria. Born in Zhejiang Province, China, in 1930, Tu Youyou developed a strong interest in medicine from a young age. She pursued her studies at Peking University Health Science Center and later joined the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. In the late 1960s, Tu Youyou was selected to lead a team in the search for a new drug to treat malaria. Despite facing limited resources, she and her team persevered, testing hundreds of thousands of compounds before eventually discovering artemisinin. This discovery brought new hope to malaria patients and led to Tu Youyou receiving the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015, making her the first Chinese woman to win this prestigious award. Tu Youyou’s achievements are not only reflected in her scientific discoveries but also in her dedication to scientific research and her contribution to human health. Her story inspires generations of young people, reminding them that with determination, hard work, and a passion for science, they can overcome any obstacle and make a positive impact on the world. 1. What is Tu Youyou famous for? A. Her medical education. B. Her leadership skills. C. Her groundbreaking research on artemisinin. D. Winning the Nobel Prize in Literature. 2. Where did Tu Youyou pursue her studies? A. Tsinghua University. B. Peking University Health Science Center. C. China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. D. Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 3. What was the main challenge faced by Tu Youyou’s team in their search for a new malaria drug? A. Lack of funding. B. Limited resources. C. Insufficient expertise among team members. D. Shortage of experimental equipment. 4. From what source is artemisinin derived? A. Animals. B. Minerals. C. Plants. D. Microorganisms. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 【难度】0. 85 【知识点】记叙文、科学家 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国科学家屠呦呦发现青蒿素及其对疟疾治疗的重大贡献。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tu Youyou, a renowned Chinese scientist, is famous for her groundbreaking research on artemisinin, a compound derived from plants that has shown remarkable effectiveness in treating malaria. (中国著名科学家屠呦呦以其对青蒿素的突破性研究而闻名，青蒿素是一种从植物中提取的化合物，在治疗疟疾方面表现出显著的疗效)”可知，屠呦呦因她在青蒿素方面的开创性研究而著名。故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“She pursued her studies at Peking University Health Science Center and later joined the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. (她在北京大学医学部进行了学习，后来加入了中国中医科学院)”可知，屠呦呦在北京大学医学部进行了她的学习。故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Despite facing limited resources, she and her team persevered, testing hundreds of thousands of compounds before eventually discovering artemisinin. (尽管资源有限，她和她的团队坚持不懈，测试了成千上万种化合物，最终发现了青蒿素)”可知，屠呦呦的团队面临的主要挑战是资源有限。故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tu Youyou, a renowned Chinese scientist, is famous for her groundbreaking research on artemisinin, a compound derived from plants that has shown remarkable effectiveness in treating malaria. (中国著名科学家屠呦呦以其对青蒿素的突破性研究而闻名，青蒿素是一种从植物中提取的化合物，在治疗疟疾方面表现出显著的疗效)”可知，青蒿素是从植物中提取的。故选 C。 B （24-25高二上·全国·期中）A famous American poet Robert Frost once said, “Poetry is what gets lost in translation. ”But XuYuanchong, well-known Chinese translator, had tried to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life. His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation, “You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm, but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty, which is quite impressive. ” Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French. He was also the first Asian winner of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature. Xu was known to be very fastidious in his work. For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation. Through Xu’s translations, time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the world. For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama. Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m. , sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue. “ Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,” Xu said. 5. What does the text tell us about Xu Yuanchong? A. He mastered at least three foreign languages. B. He translated about 100 Chinese works into English. C. He was the first winner of the Aurora Borcalis Prize. D. He was widely known for his translated rhymed verses. 6. What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Particular. B. Satisfied. C. Inventive. D. Productive. 7. Why does the author give the example in Paragraph 4? A. To recommend Xu’s translation works. B. To stress the charm of Chinese poetry. C. To show Xu’s great translation skills. D. To prove the wisdom of the ancient Chinese. 8. Which of the following words can best describe Xu? A. Thoughtful and modest. B. Generous and objective C. Creative and open-minded. D. Devoted and hard-working. 【答案】5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】说明文、文学家 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国著名翻译家许渊冲对于翻译的贡献。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French. (自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者。最值得注意的是，他将中国诗歌翻译成英语和法语的押韵诗)”可知，他以翻译押韵诗而广为人知。故选D。 6. 词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation. (对他来说，英语是一种“科学”语言，需要精确，而汉语是一种“艺术”语言，包含更广泛的内容。遵循这一原则，他在翻译中既保持了意义上的忠实，又保持了情感上的美)”可知，本段主要讲述了许渊冲先生在他的翻译中不仅追求“直”也追求“美”，由此可推知，他在翻译时是极其严谨和注重细节的。fastidious意为“讲究的，挑剔的”。故选A。 7. 推理判断题。根据第四段“For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama. (例如，当美国前总统Barack Obama在其任期内试图启动一项医疗保健项目时，一些参议员起初表示反对。但在阅读了许翻译的《江雪》这首诗后，一位参议员被这位渔夫的独立思考所打动，选择放弃党派路线，转而支持奥巴马)”可推知，本段是为了说明许渊冲的翻译技巧之高。故选C。 8. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. (自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者)”以及最后一段“Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m. , sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue. ‘Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,’ Xu said. (取得如此大的成就后，许保持着常规。他每天翻译大约1000个单词，工作到凌晨3、4点，睡3个小时左右，早上6点起床继续工作。‘翻译是与作者心灵交流的一种方式。突然闪现的一个好词或一条好线让我的每一个毛孔和每一寸皮肤都兴奋不已。’许说)”可推知，许渊冲热衷于翻译事业且非常努力。故选D。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高二上·山东·期中）So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person. Fortunately, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you prefer typed out messages to verbal ones, you may want to reconsider. 9 A new study found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email. 10 In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone. And then they assigned people at random to do one or the other. 11 “People reported they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone than email, and they did not feel more awkward,” study co-author Amit Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business, said in a statement. In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connect by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication—whether video or audio only—made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text. Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, 12 Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. 13 . “Each party is present, and therefore, able to understand the meaning behind the content without ruminating on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation. ” A. if they want to get connected with someone far away. B. According to science, if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to, you should call them instead of texting. C. Although people expected that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better. D. as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “express information exactly without unexpected interruptions by the other person. ” E. As far as some people are concerned, making a call can save us more time than texting. F. In the study, researchers used various experiments to measure connectedness. G. “A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message,” she explains. 【答案】9. B 10. F 11. C 12. D 13. G 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】科普知识 、合作与交流 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。向我们介绍了科研人员研究发现，打电话或视频等有声音的联系比文字更能让社交有效，无论老朋友还是陌生人。 9. 前文“So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person. Fortunately, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you prefer typed out messages to verbal ones, you may want to reconsider. (很多事情都可以阻止你亲眼见到你所爱的人。幸运的是，我们错过的人通常只有一个电话或短信离开。但如果你更喜欢打信息而不是口头信息，你可能想要重新考虑。)”指出生活中有许多事情阻止我们见到我们所爱的人们。但是现代科技解决了那些问题，并强调有声交流的效果更好。B项“科学研究表明，如果你想和你与之交谈的人们保持亲近感，你应该给他们打电话，而不是发送文字消息。” 符合语境，内容契合上文，使用研究结果强调有声交流的益处，并引出下文内容的介绍。故选B项。 10. 下文“In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone . And then they assigned people at random to do one or the other. (在其中一项中，他们让200人对通过电子邮件或电话与老朋友重新建立联系的感觉做出预测，然后随机安排人做其中一项或另一项。)”可知，下文讲述了其中一项实验，因此推断空处应是说明不止一项实验，F项“在这项研究中，研究人员使用了各种实验来测量连通性。”符合语境，选项中的the study指代前一段提到的“A new study”。故选F。 11. 上文“In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone. And then they assigned people at random to do one or the other. (在其中一项中，他们让200人对通过电子邮件或电话与老朋友重新建立联系的感觉做出预测，然后随机安排人做其中一项或另一项。)”可知，研究人员要求200人预测通过Email和打电话与老朋友取得联系，之后让他们去随机用其中一种去验证。C项“尽管人们认为打电话会更尴尬，但听到别人的声音实际上会让体验更好。”符合语境，表明实验结果，虽然人们预期打电话可能会打扰到对方，但听到对方声音真是一种更好的体验。契合上文，符合开头的实验结论。故选C项。 12. 前文“Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience (哈佛大学临床心理学家萨布丽娜·罗曼诺夫(Sabrina Romanoff)说，人们倾向于发短信或发电子邮件，而不是打电话，因为方便)”阐述了人们倾向于发短信或者发邮件的理由是方便，下文“Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. (罗曼诺夫说，实际上，发短信会让人很难确定谈话背后的真正含义。)”讲述罗曼诺夫又介绍了发短信的缺点，因此前后文是转折关系，空处与前文意思一致，说明喜欢发短信的原由，D项“因为他们认为这是一种可控的交流方式，他们可以‘准确地表达信息，而不会被对方意想不到的打断。’”符合语境，承接上文，与前文convenience是因果关系，故选D。 13. 前文“Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. (罗曼诺夫说，实际上，发短信会让人很难确定谈话背后的真正含义。)”讲述在现实生活中，发短信会让人很难判断谈话背后的真实意思，说明发送文字消息的弊端，下文““Each party is present, and therefore, able to understand the meaning behind the content without ruminating on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation. ” (“每一方都在场，因此能够理解内容背后的含义，而不必反复思考单词和标点符号背后无尽的可能含义。”)”介绍了打电话的优点。因此推断G项“她解释说：‘考虑到信息的净影响，实际上打电话更方便。’”承上启下，对比说明通电话和短消息相比的优点。故选G项。 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高二上·山西·期中）I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was being interviewed by a reporter who asked him why he thought he was able to be so much more 14 than the average person. He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that happened when he was about 2. He had been trying to 15 milk from the fridge when he 16 the slippery (光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor. When his mother came in, 17 shouting at him or giving him a lecture, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful picture you have ‘drawn’！ I have 18 seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and 19 in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？” His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a 20 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can 21 it. ” The little boy learned that if he 22 the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful 23 ！ This scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be 24 to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just 25 for learning something new, which is, 26 , what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn't 27 ”, we usually learn something 28 from it. , 14. A. active B. absent C. creative D. honest 15. A. buy B. replace C. remove D. protect 16. A. fell B. fled C. escaped D. dropped 17. A. in honor of B. instead of C. in spite of D. in place of 18. A. rarely B. happily C. frequently D. apparently 19. A. jump B. play C. enjoy D. handle 20. A. failed B. successful C. fantastic D. painful 21. A. get B. put C. try D. make 22. A. controlled B. analysed C. broke D. held 23. A. cure B. teaching C. lesson D. instruction 24. A. concerned B. ready C. athletic D. afraid 25. A. situations B. chances C. times D. turns 26. A. after all B. above all C. first of all D. in all 27. A. do B. finish C. go D. work 28. A. lovable B. severe C. valuable D. interesting 【答案】 14. C 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 【难度】0. 85 【知识点】生活故事、记叙文 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一位科学家为什么能够与众不同？这与他母亲对他的教育有关。两岁时，他把奶瓶掉在地上，牛奶撒了一地，妈妈没有批评他，反而鼓励他尝试如何把瓶子抓好，因为错误往往是学习新知识的良机。妈妈的做法也培养了他勇敢地面对失败、敢于担当的品质。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他正在接受一个记者的采访，记者问他为什么他认为他能比一般人更有创造力。A. active活跃的；B. absent缺席的；C. creative有创造力的；D. honest诚实的。根据前文“I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs ”可知，他有几项医学突破，这应该是一种创造力。故选C项。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试图把牛奶从冰箱里拿出来，却不小心把那个滑溜溜的(光滑的)瓶子掉了下来，里面的牛奶洒了一地。A. buy买；B. replace取代；C. remove 移动；D. protect保护。根据下文“milk from the fridge”可知，remove…from是固定搭配，意思是：从……地方拿走/移开。故选C项。 16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试图把牛奶从冰箱里拿出来，却不小心把那个滑溜溜的(光滑的)瓶子掉了下来，里面的牛奶洒了一地。A. fell 掉下，摔倒；B. fled逃离；C. escaped逃脱；D. dropped掉下。根据后文“he could carry it without dropping it. ”提示他把瓶子掉地下了。故选D项。 17. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：当他的母亲进来时，她没有对他大喊大叫或教训他，而是说:“罗伯特，你画了一幅多么伟大、多么精彩的画啊! A. in honor of为纪念；B. instead of代替……的是；C. in spite of尽管；D. in place of一种物质替代另一种物质。根据下文““Robert, what a great and wonderful picture you have ‘drawn’ ！”可知，她没有对他大喊大叫或教训他。故选B项。 18. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很少见到这么一大滩牛奶。A. rarely少见；B. happily高兴地；C. frequently经常地；D. apparently明显地。根据前文“When his mother came in, instead of shouting at him or giving him a lecture”是说妈妈并没有责备他，而是给了一个巧妙的回应，说自己很少见到这么一大滩牛奶。故选A项。 19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你愿意玩一会然后再收拾干净吗？A. jump跳；B. play玩；C. enjoy喜欢；D. handle处理。根据前文“I have ____seen such a huge pool of milk”这里是说妈妈没有责备作者，并且允许他在这一大滩牛奶里面玩一会儿。故选B项。 20. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的妈妈接着说:“你知道，我们现在做的是一个失败的实验，如何有效地用两只小手拿一个大牛奶瓶。”A. failed已失败的；B. successful成功的；C. fantastic不可思议的；D. painful痛苦的。根据前文“He had been trying to remove milk from the fridge when he dropped the slippery(光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor. ”可知，他把奶瓶掉在地上，所以应该说是一次失败的经历。故选A项。 21. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：咱们到院子里，把瓶子里装满水，看看你能不能做好。A. get (it)明白了；B. put (it)放；C. try( it)试试看；D. make (it)成功。根据后文“he could carry it without dropping it”可知，这里是说妈妈让男孩试验如何做到拿稳大瓶子，看看小男孩是否能做到。故选D项。 22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：小男孩学会了如果他两只手抓住上边靠边的地方，他就可以抓住不掉了。A. controlled控制；B. analyzed分析；C. broke打破；D. held掌握，抓住。根据后文“he could carry it without dropping it”可知，这里是说抓住不掉。故选D项。 23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多么精彩的一节课啊! A. cure治愈；B. teaching教学；C. lesson课，教训；D. instruction命令，指示。根据前文“The little boy learned”可知，这里是说通过自己亲手做让孩子知道怎么做，这一课上得很精彩。故选C项。 24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位科学家接着说，就是在那一刻，他知道他不需要害怕犯错误。A. concerned担心的；B. ready准备好的；C. athletic运动的；D. afraid害怕的。根据常识可知，科学研究就是要犯错误，大胆尝试，且这里是固定短语be afraid to do不敢做。故选D项。 25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他认识到错误只是学习新东西的机会，这毕竟是科学实验的意义所在。A. situations局面；B. chances机会；C. times次数；D. turns转弯。根据常识以及“ learning something new”可知，这里是说错误只是学习新东西机会。故选B项。 26. 考查介词查短语辨析。句意：相反，他认识到错误只是学习新东西的机会，这毕竟是科学实验的意义所在。A. after all毕竟，终究；B. above all最重要的是；C. first of all首先，第一；D. in all总共，合计。通过以上的经历，科学家的感受是：科学实验终究是试验一个又一个的错误。故选A项。 27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使实验不成功，我们也可以学到有价值的东西。A. do做；B. finish完成；C. go去；D. work工作，起作用。根据下文“ we usually learn something ____from it. ,”可知，这里是说即使实验不成功。故选D项。 28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使实验不成功，我们也可以学到有价值的东西。A. lovable可爱的；B. severe严重的；C. valuable贵重的；D. interesting有趣的。根据上文“ he knew he didn't need to be _____ to make mistakes. ”可知，我们也能从错误中学到有价值的东西。故选C项。 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （24-25高二上·全国·期中）Tu Youyou, as a famous female scientist of great 29 (achieve), was born 30 Ningbo, Zhejiang Province on 30 December 1930. And she 31 (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team 32 was formed by the government in order to discover a new treatment for malaria (疟疾). Tu Youyou first tried the medicine on herself, because she wanted 33 (make) sure that it was safe. Besides, she and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical 34 (text), evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties (性质), and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. As a committed and 35 (patience) scientist, she never acknowledged (承认) defeat whatever difficulty she met. After 36 (fail) to draw out useful extract by boiling the sweet wormwood, she began even more careful thinking and research work. We can learn a lot from Tu Youyou — We should do something useful for people. If we want to be 37 (success), we should keep on 38 (work) hard with our group and never give up. 【答案】 29. achievements 30. in 31. graduated 32. which/that 33. to make 34. texts 35. patient 36. failing 37. successful 38. working 【难度】0. 85 【知识点】医疗 、科学家 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名女科学家屠呦呦的生平和成就，以及她对研究抗疟疾药物的执着和贡献。 29. 考查名词。句意：成就卓越的著名女科学家屠呦呦，1930年12月30日出生于浙江省宁波市。空格处需填名词作介词of的宾语。achievement是可数名词，可数名词复数表泛指多种成就。故填achievements。 30. 考查介词。句意：成就卓越的著名女科学家屠呦呦，1930年12月30日出生于浙江省宁波市。在相对较大的地理区域或城市前，使用介词in表示地理位置。故填in。 31. 考查动词时态。句意：她于1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。根据句末时间状语in 1955可知，此处应用过去时。故填graduated。 32. 考查定语从句。句意：1967年，她被选入一个由政府组建的研究团队，以寻找一种新的疟疾治疗方法。空格处到句末为定语从句，该句中缺少关系代词。先行词是team，指物。故填which/that。 33. 考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦首先在自己身上试验药物，因为她想要确保药物的安全性。because到句末的原因状语从句中，谓语为wanted，空格处需用不定式作宾语，表示要去完成的动作。故填to make。 34. 考查名词。句意：此外，她和团队查阅了2000多本过去的医学文献，评估了280,000种植物的药用性质，测试了380种不同的古代中医治疗方法。text为可数名词，且前有数字2000，因此应用复数形式。故填texts。 35. 考查形容词。句意：她是一名执着而耐心的科学家，无论遇到什么困难，她从不承认失败。空格处的词与前面的committed并列，是形容词作定语修饰后面的名词scientist。故填patient。 36. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在通过煮沸黄花蒿未能提取出有效成分后，她开始了更加细致的思考和研究工作。空格处需要动名词作句首介词after的宾语。故填failing。 37. 考查形容词。句意：如果我们想要成功，就应继续与团队一起努力工作，永不放弃。空格前为系动词be，此处需要一个形容词作表语。故填successful。 38. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果我们想要成功，就应继续与团队一起努力工作，永不放弃。空格处需要动名词作前面介词on的宾语。故填working。 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） （24-25高二上·全国·期中）39. 请根据以下材料，写一篇介绍中国明代医药学家李时珍的文章。 姓名：李时珍 出生年代：1518 著作：《本草纲目》（Compendium of Materia Medica） 内容：中草药（Chinese herbs）总集，包含近2000种中草药，数百万字 写作经历：访民间，走群山，尝百草，亲身做实验 成书时间：1578年，历时27年 评价：对中国医药学发展做出了重大贡献注意：词数80左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： Known as a famous pharmacist in Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He wrote a book called Compendium of Materia Medica, which is a collection of Chinese herbs including over 2,000 Chinese herbs with millions of characters. In order to finish the task, he visited mountains, called on ordinary people, tasted different kinds of herbs and even did experiments by himself. It took him 27 years to finish the task, and his book is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine. 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】其他著名人物、中国文化与节日 【导语】这篇写作是一篇介绍性质的文章，要求考生介绍古代医药学家李时珍。题目已经给出了各项要点，考生应该添加合适细节，使之形成一篇自然流畅的文章。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 ①著名：famous→renowned, distinguished ②药典：compendium→encyclopedia, manual ③贡献：contribution→donation, offering ④发展：development→progress, evolution 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Known as a famous pharmacist in Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen was born in 1518. 拓展句：Li Shizhen was born in 1518, who is known as a famous pharmacist in Ming Dynasty. 【点睛】【高分句型1】He wrote a book called Compendium of Materia Medica, which is a collection of Chinese herbs including over 2,000 Chinese herbs with millions of characters. (which引导的非限定性定语从句) 【高分句型2】It took him 27 years to finish the task, and his book is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine. (it作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第1部分 巩固提升 选择性必修第一册 2025高二寒假作业 每天80分钟 学习测验版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 Unit 1 People of Achievement Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. physiology n. 生理学；生理机能 2. artemisinin n. [药]青蒿素 3. malaria n. 疟疾 4. extract n. 提取物；摘录 vt. 提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出 5. wormwood n. 蒿；洋艾 6. substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据 7. penicillin n. 青霉素 8. chart n. 图表 vt. 记录；制订计划 9. flow chart流程图 10. numerous adj. 众多的；许多的 11. theory n. 理论；学说 12. relativity n. 相对论；相对性 13. formula n. 公式；方程式；配方 14. patent n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的 15. doctorate n. 博士学位 16. photoelectric adj. 光电的 17. institution n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗 18. institute n. (教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 19. moustache n. 上唇的胡子；髭 20. peculiarity n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质 21. device n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 2. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3. objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的 4. property n. 性质；特征；财产 5. boil vt. & vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点 6. liquid n. 液体 adj. 液体的；液态的 7. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行 8. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 9. defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 10. apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 11. insist vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求 12. mostly adv. 主要地；一般地 13. flee vi. & vt. (fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑 14. circumstance n. [usually pl. ]条件；环境；状况 15. flow n. 流；流动；流畅；供应 vi. 流；流动 16. infer vt. 推断；推定 17. genius n. (pl. geniuses)天才；天资；天赋 18. extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 19. gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 20. encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇 21. mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；忧伤 22. remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的 23. sum vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和 24. draft n. 草稿；草案 vt. 起草；草拟 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. commit vt. 承诺；保证 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n. 投入；奉献；承诺 2. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj. 学业的；学术的 3. botanical adj. 植物学的→botany n. 植物学 4. evaluate vt. 评价；评估→evaluation n. 评价；评估 5. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n. 区别；差别 6. analyse(NAmE -ze)vt. 分析→analysis(pl. analyses) n. 分析 7. scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家 8. conclusion n. 结论；推论→conclude vt. 断定；推断出 9. novelist n. 小说家→novel n. (长篇)小说 adj. 新颖的；珍奇的 10. found vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n. 创建；基金会→founder n. 创建者；创始人 11. politician n. 政治家；从政者；政客→politics n. 政治(学)→political adj. 政治的 12. gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的→gently adv. 温柔地；温和地 13. passion n. 酷爱；激情→passionate adj. 有激情的 14. consequence n. 结果；后果→consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv. 结果；因此；所以 15. professor n. 教授→profession n. 职业，行业→professional adj. 职业的；专业的 n. 专业人士 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2. insist on坚决要求 3. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 4. come to power (开始)掌权；上台 5. take up a position担任；任职 6. sum up总结；概括 7. lead to导致 8. graduate from毕业于…… 9. with the objective of目的是…… 10. manage to do sth设法做成某事 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives，and has led to improved health for millions of people. (过去分词作前置定语) 青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。 2. After failing more than 190 times，the team finally succeeded in 1971. (介词＋doing) 经历了190多次的失败之后，这个团队终于在1971年获得了成功。 3. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine. . . ”(upon doing. . . ) 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……” 4. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. (it作形式主语) 中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。 5. While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. (状语从句的省略) 工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。 晨检得分 _______/________ · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分) 1. device n. ___________________ 2. substance n. ___________________ 3. chart n. ___________________ vt. ___________________ 4. numerous adj. ___________________ 5. theory n. ___________________ 6. relativity n. ___________________ 7. patent n. ___________________ adj. ___________________ 8. institute n. ___________________ Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1分，共12分) 1. ___________________ vt. 推断；推定 2. ___________________ n. 天才；天资；天赋 3. ___________________ adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 4. ___________________ vt. 偶然碰到；遇到 n. 邂逅；遭遇 5. ___________________ adj. 非凡的；显著的 6. ___________________ vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行 7. ___________________ vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 8. ___________________ n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 9. ___________________ vi. 总结；概括 n. 金额；款项；总数；总和 10. ___________________ vi. & vt. 坚持；坚决要求 11. ___________________ vi. & vt. 迅速离开；逃跑 12. ___________________ n. [usually pl. ]条件；环境；状况 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分) 1. ___________________ adj. 植物学的→___________________ n. 植物学 2. ___________________ vt. 评价；评估→___________________ n. 评价；评估 3. ___________________ adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→___________________ n. 区别；差别 4. ___________________ n. 小说家→___________________ n. (长篇)小说 adj. 新颖的；珍奇的 5. ___________________ vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在→___________________ n. 创建；基金会→___________________ n. 创建者；创始人 6. ___________________ adj. 温柔的；文静的→___________________ adv. 温柔地；温和地 7. ___________________ n. 结果；后果→___________________ adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的→___________________ adv. 结果；因此；所以 Ⅳ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1. ___________________ 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2. ___________________目的是…… 3. ___________________设法做成某事 4. ___________________ (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 5. ___________________ 毕业于…… · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ. 词形变化填空(每小题2. 5分，共20分) 1. ___________________ to education，he ___________________ every minute to studying and teaching，so his ___________________ finally paid off. (commit) 2. I desire to be a ___________________ by ___________________ in the future and I will possess lots of ___________________ knowledge. (professor) 3. The ___________________ has made many ___________________ achievements in ___________________. (science) 4. Through my great efforts，I obtained ___________________ qualifications at the Chinese ___________________ of Sciences. (academy) 5. As you know，___________________ is my major at university，and as a consequence，I memorize many ___________________ parties and ___________________. (politics) 6. I have trouble ___________________ the difficult theory，so I will refer to one of his logical ___________________. (analyse) 7. My classmate is ___________________ about everything，so he studies everything with great ___________________. (passion) 8. He has ___________________ something important from what happened in the past and everyone agrees with all his ___________________. (conclude) Ⅱ. 选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1. It is said that the newly-elected mayor won’t ___________________ until next month. 2. Yesterday he ___________________ as a sales manager at that international supermarket. 3. The man ___________________ finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. 4. Eating too much fat can ___________________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. 5. His yesterday’s speech ___________________ the present challenging situation of economy. Ⅲ. 经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1. 放学后，一些孩子冲向操场，开始清理地上的落叶。(过去分词作前置定语) After school，some children rushed to the playground and __________________________________ on the ground. 2. 在赛跑中获得一等奖后，他又唱又跳地回家了。(介词＋doing) __________________________________，he headed for his home，singing and dancing. 3. 一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴地跳了起来。(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)(upon doing. . . ) __________________________________，he was unable to control his excitement and jumped with joy. 4. 很荣幸站在这里和你们分享我的学习方法。(it作形式主语) __________________________________ my learning methods. 5. 参观艺术展览的时候，我们讨论了这位伟大艺术家的作品。(状语从句的省略) __________________________________，we discussed the great artist’s works. 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与社会之中国科学家屠呦呦发现青蒿素与疟疾的治疗 记叙文 327 适中(0. 65) B 人与社会之中国著名翻译家许渊冲对于翻译的贡献 说明文 469 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与社会之打电话或视频等有声音的联系比文字更能让社交有效 说明文 398 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之一位科学家为什么能够与众不同 说明文 515 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与社会之著名女科学家屠呦呦的生平和成就 说明文 188 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 介绍中国明代医药学家李时珍的文章 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （24-25高二上·全国·期中）【课本改编题】 Tu Youyou, a renowned Chinese scientist, is famous for her groundbreaking research on artemisinin, a compound derived from plants that has shown remarkable effectiveness in treating malaria. Born in Zhejiang Province, China, in 1930, Tu Youyou developed a strong interest in medicine from a young age. She pursued her studies at Peking University Health Science Center and later joined the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. In the late 1960s, Tu Youyou was selected to lead a team in the search for a new drug to treat malaria. Despite facing limited resources, she and her team persevered, testing hundreds of thousands of compounds before eventually discovering artemisinin. This discovery brought new hope to malaria patients and led to Tu Youyou receiving the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015, making her the first Chinese woman to win this prestigious award. Tu Youyou’s achievements are not only reflected in her scientific discoveries but also in her dedication to scientific research and her contribution to human health. Her story inspires generations of young people, reminding them that with determination, hard work, and a passion for science, they can overcome any obstacle and make a positive impact on the world. 1. What is Tu Youyou famous for? A. Her medical education. B. Her leadership skills. C. Her groundbreaking research on artemisinin. D. Winning the Nobel Prize in Literature. 2. Where did Tu Youyou pursue her studies? A. Tsinghua University. B. Peking University Health Science Center. C. China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. D. Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 3. What was the main challenge faced by Tu Youyou’s team in their search for a new malaria drug? A. Lack of funding. B. Limited resources. C. Insufficient expertise among team members. D. Shortage of experimental equipment. 4. From what source is artemisinin derived? A. Animals. B. Minerals. C. Plants. D. Microorganisms. B （24-25高二上·全国·期中）A famous American poet Robert Frost once said, “Poetry is what gets lost in translation. ”But XuYuanchong, well-known Chinese translator, had tried to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life. His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation, “You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm, but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty, which is quite impressive. ” Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French. He was also the first Asian winner of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature. Xu was known to be very ___________________ in his work. For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation. Through Xu’s translations, time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the world. For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama. Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m. , sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue. “ Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,” Xu said. 5. What does the text tell us about Xu Yuanchong? A. He mastered at least three foreign languages. B. He translated about 100 Chinese works into English. C. He was the first winner of the Aurora Borcalis Prize. D. He was widely known for his translated rhymed verses. 6. What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Particular. B. Satisfied. C. Inventive. D. Productive. 7. Why does the author give the example in Paragraph 4? A. To recommend Xu’s translation works. B. To stress the charm of Chinese poetry. C. To show Xu’s great translation skills. D. To prove the wisdom of the ancient Chinese. 8. Which of the following words can best describe Xu? A. Thoughtful and modest. B. Generous and objective C. Creative and open-minded. D. Devoted and hard-working. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高二上·山东·期中）So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person. Fortunately, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you prefer typed out messages to verbal ones, you may want to reconsider. ___________________ A new study found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email. ___________________ In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone. And then they assigned people at random to do one or the other. ___________________ “People reported they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone than email, and they did not feel more awkward,” study co-author Amit Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business, said in a statement. In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connect by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication—whether video or audio only—made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text. Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience,___________________Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. ___________________ . “Each party is present, and therefore, able to understand the meaning behind the content without ruminating on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation. ” A. if they want to get connected with someone far away. B. According to science, if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to, you should call them instead of texting. C. Although people expected that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better. D. as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “express information exactly without unexpected interruptions by the other person. ” E. As far as some people are concerned, making a call can save us more time than texting. F. In the study, researchers used various experiments to measure connectedness. G. “A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message,” she explains. 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高二上·山西·期中）I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was being interviewed by a reporter who asked him why he thought he was able to be so much more ___________________ than the average person. He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that happened when he was about 2. He had been trying to ___________________ milk from the fridge when he ___________________ the slippery (光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor. When his mother came in, ___________________ shouting at him or giving him a lecture, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful picture you have ‘drawn’！ I have ___________________ seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and ___________________ in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？” His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a ___________________ experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can ___________________ it. ” The little boy learned that if he ___________________ the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful ___________________！ This scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be ___________________ to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just ___________________ for learning something new, which is, ___________________, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn't ___________________”, we usually learn something ___________________ from it. , 14. A. active B. absent C. creative D. honest 15. A. buy B. replace C. remove D. protect 16. A. fell B. fled C. escaped D. dropped 17. A. in honor of B. instead of C. in spite of D. in place of 18. A. rarely B. happily C. frequently D. apparently 19. A. jump B. play C. enjoy D. handle 20. A. failed B. successful C. fantastic D. painful 21. A. get B. put C. try D. make 22. A. controlled B. analysed C. broke D. held 23. A. cure B. teaching C. lesson D. instruction 24. A. concerned B. ready C. athletic D. afraid 25. A. situations B. chances C. times D. turns 26. A. after all B. above all C. first of all D. in all 27. A. do B. finish C. go D. work 28. A. lovable B. severe C. valuable D. interesting 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （24-25高二上·全国·期中）Tu Youyou, as a famous female scientist of great ___________________ (achieve), was born ___________________ Ningbo, Zhejiang Province on 30 December 1930. And she ___________________ (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team ___________________ was formed by the government in order to discover a new treatment for malaria (疟疾). Tu Youyou first tried the medicine on herself, because she wanted ___________________ (make) sure that it was safe. Besides, she and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical ___________________ (text), evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties (性质), and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. As a committed and ___________________ (patience) scientist, she never acknowledged (承认) defeat whatever difficulty she met. After ___________________ (fail) to draw out useful extract by boiling the sweet wormwood, she began even more careful thinking and research work. We can learn a lot from Tu Youyou — We should do something useful for people. If we want to be ___________________ (success), we should keep on ___________________ (work) hard with our group and never give up. 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） （24-25高二上·全国·期中）39. 请根据以下材料，写一篇介绍中国明代医药学家李时珍的文章。 姓名：李时珍 出生年代：1518 著作：《本草纲目》（Compendium of Materia Medica） 内容：中草药（Chinese herbs）总集，包含近2000种中草药，数百万字 写作经历：访民间，走群山，尝百草，亲身做实验 成书时间：1578年，历时27年 评价：对中国医药学发展做出了重大贡献注意：词数80左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$