17 课时精练(十四) Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版2020）

课时精练(十四)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　单句语法填空 1．If the way you do the job is wrong，you will surely fail，however good your idea may be. 2．Before I could write down the number of the bus，the bus had run away. 3．I still remember one afternoon two years ago when we first met at the schoolgate. 4．Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully. 5．This means that what you do is more important than what you say. 6．It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous football star. 7．I often do every single bit of housework while my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. 8．Never be satisfied with yourself，or you will fall behind others. 9．Excuse me，is there a gas station around where I can fill up my tank? 10．Whoever wants to see the film must buy a ticket first.Otherwise，you wouldn’t be allowed to enter the cinema. 维度二　语法与写作 1．Whether the flight to Shanghai will be delayed is what I’m worried about． 去上海的航班是否会延误是我所担心的事。 2．Every time I listen to that song，I feel very happy. 每次我听那首歌，我都很高兴。 3．My hairstyle hasn’t changed much since I was five． 从5岁起，我的发型就一直没怎么变。 4．Obey the law or you will be punished． 遵守法律，否则你会受到惩罚。 5．The fighting didn’t end until the police arrived on the scene． 直到警方到达现场，战斗才结束。 维度三　语法与语篇 Knowledge economy age is an age 1.when new knowledge emerges much faster than ever before.Therefore，everyone should renew his or her knowledge，2.otherwise/or he or she will be left behind in the society. There 3.are(be)some ways to update knowledge.On the one hand，one can attend different courses at all types of schools，either part­time 4.or full­time.On the other hand，self­study is a more convenient and practical method by 5.which one can effectively renew his or her knowledge. 6．Although/Though/While I am busy doing daily work，I still insist on teaching myself at night.In this way，I can not only keep up with the swift development of society 7.but also apply new knowledge to my practical work，8.which benefits me a lot. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2020·湖南省长郡中学高二下学期期中) A famously strange statue in the city of Oxford，England recently received official protection as a historic landmark.But，Magnus Hanson­Heine，the son of the man who built the artwork，is not happy about the special recognition. But first，about that statue：It is a 7.6­meter­tall model of a shark.The strange part is in the sculpture’s positioning up on the top of the Hanson­Heine house.It appears from the street as if the huge fish dove straight through the home’s roof. Magnus Hanson­Heine’s father，Bill，put up the sculpture in 1986 as a reminder of war and nuclear weapons. Bill Heine was an American who studied law at the University of Oxford and made the town his home.He got the idea for the sculpture after he heard American warplanes fly over his house one night in April 1986.The next morning，he learned that the planes had been on their way to bomb Tripoli，Libya. Bill put the sculpture on display on August 9 to mark the 41st anniversary of the atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima，Japan. “The image of a shark crashing through the home captured the shock civilians(平民)must feel when bombs smash into their homes，”Magnus Hanson­Heine said.Bill Heine died in 2019. Magnus Hanson­Heine calls the local government’s declaration about the sculpture “absurd”．His father，he explained，never sought nor accepted permission to put up the shark.In fact，he strongly believed，his son said，“that the government should not decide what art the public should see.” And，Hanson­Heine noted，the same local council that has declared the shark historic and protected，had spent years seeking its removal.The shark’s anti­war message is just as important today，Hanson­Heine said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国牛津一尊著名的奇怪雕像成为了历史地标而受到了官方保护，但是雕像作者的儿子却并不高兴。 1．What is strange about the sculpture? A．Its purpose. B．Its creator. C．Its position. D．Its quality. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“The strange part is in the sculpture’s positioning up on the top of the Hanson­Heine house.”可知，这尊雕像的奇特之处是它的位置，故选C项。] 2．What gave Bill the inspiration for the sculpture? A．A journey. B．The Oxford City. C．Warplanes. D．A shark. C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“He got the idea for the sculpture...house one night in April 1986.”可知，他的灵感来自美国战机，故选C项。] 3．When did the atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima take place according to the passage? A．In 1941. B．In 1945. C．In 1986. D．In 2019. B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“He got the idea for the sculpture...house one night in April 1986.”可知，他是在1986年获得灵感；再根据第五段内容可知，此时为日本广岛原子弹爆炸41周年。由此推知，日本广岛原子弹爆炸发生在1986－41＝1945，故选B项。] 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The public don’t like the sculpture. B．Hanson­Heine agreed with the council. C．The council didn’t like the sculpture. D．The shark will be moved to the museum. C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“the same local council that...years seeking its removal”可知，宣布这条鲨鱼具有历史意义并受到保护的地方议会多年来一直在寻求将其移除。由此可推断，地方议会并不喜欢这个雕像，故选C项。] B (2022·广西柳州市第三中学高二期中) It tastes like flowers.It smells like a campfire.What is it? It is a ＄6，000 bottle of Petrus Pomerol wine that spent a year on the International Space Station. Researchers in Bordeaux are examining the twelve bottles of wine as well as 320 pieces of grapevines that returned to Earth in January.They say the wine and grapevines are part of a longer­term effort to make plants on Earth better resist climate change and disease. Alcohol and glass are not usually permitted on the International Space Station.Each bottle was packed inside a special steel container during the journey.At a special tasting this month，12 wine experts tried one of the space­traveled wines at the Institute for Wine and Vine Research in Bordeaux.They tasted and smelled the wine alongside a similar bottle from the same year that had stayed on Earth.The tasting was blind and the experts did not know which wine they were drinking. Nicolas Gaume，the head of Space Cargo Unlimited，arranging the experiment，said the experiment studied the effects of the lack of gravity on the wine and vines.“I have tears in my eyes，” Gaume told The Associated Press about the experiment. Jane Anson is a wine expert and writer who said the wine that remained on Earth tasted “a little younger than the one that had been to space.” The small pieces of vine not only survived the journey but also grew faster than vines on Earth，unaffected by limited light and water.Such information could help create a way to grow grapes or to make wine in space.Chemical and biological study of the wine’s aging process could also help scientists develop stronger，healthier vines on Earth.It is expected that it would take a decade or more to lead to practical，or actual uses. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一瓶价值6 000美元葡萄酒在国际空间站待了一年，这次太空旅行的目的是改良葡萄品种。另外介绍了此次送葡萄酒上太空活动的一些细节和工作人员以及其对葡萄产业的影响。 5．What is the purpose for wine and grapevines travelling in space? A．To make better wine. B．To change wine taste. C．To improve grape kinds. D．To improve grape quantity. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“They say the wine and grapevines ... climate change and disease.”可知，葡萄酒和葡萄藤在太空旅行的目的是改良葡萄品种，故选C项。] 6．The requirement of wine tasting is ． A．wine experts should keep tasting wine freely B．wine experts should choose and taste wine in a short time C．wine experts should choose and taste wine with eyes closed D．wine experts should choose and taste wine without more details D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“The tasting was blind and the experts did not know which wine they were drinking.”可知，品尝是盲目的，这意味着专家们不知道他们喝的是哪种酒，故选D项。] 7．What’s the biggest difference between the wine on space and the one on Earth? A．The wine on Earth tastes like flowers. B．The wine on space tastes a little older. C．The wine on Earth has a campfire smell. D．The wine on space tastes younger than the one on Earth. B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Jane Anson is a wine expert...one that had been to space.”可知，太空上的酒和地球上的酒最大的区别是太空上的酒的味道有点老，故选B项。] 8．What can we infer from the passage? A．Researchers have been studying wine for a decade. B．Researchers hope to continue on examining wine as a space missions. C．Grapes grow sweeter in the environment without light and water. D．The research will make a great difference to grape industry. D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Such information could help...healthier vines on Earth.”可推知，这项研究将对葡萄产业产生重大影响，故选D项。] C (2022·焦作市高二下学期期中) In 1914，Ernest Shackleton and his 27 workers left England in a wooden sailing ship called the Endurance in the hope of becoming the first to cross Antarctica.But in 1915，the Endurance got trapped in the thick ice and later sank.Shackleton and all of his men lived，but the tale of their long and difficult return is one of the most famous survival stories of all time. Although Shackleton kept accurate records of the ship’s position and the ship’s photographer even took pictures of it as it went down the ship had never been found ever since. On March 6，2022，a search team announced that it had located the ship.The Endurance was found 3 kilometers below the ocean’s surface，about 6 kilometers south from its last known position.The name can be clearly read on the back of the ship.Even though the ship is made of wood and is over 100 years old，it has survived with little damage.Scientists say the small organisms that normally break down wooden objects underwater don’t live in the cold waters around Antarctica. To locate the Endurance，the team used two underwater robots.They were especially useful，since they could travel under the ice，go where the ship could not and find anything sticking up above the sea floor.Last Saturday，the ship was found.Once the ship was located，the robots used high­quality cameras and scanners to record the Endurance in detail. Antarctica’s waters are protected by an international agreement，which means the ship can’t be disturbed.The team plans to create a digital 3D model of the ship site，using the careful scans they made.This will allow scientists to study the ship in detail without disturbing it. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。1915年，“耐力号”被困在厚冰层中，后来沉没，2022年3月6日，一个搜索小组宣布找到了这艘船。文章主要介绍了人们对于这艘船的一些探索情况以及“耐力号”的未来。 9．What was Ernest Shackleton’s purpose in sailing in the Endurance? A．To discover a new icy land. B．To measure unknown areas. C．To try to make history. D．To settle down on Antarctica. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 1914，Ernest Shackleton and ...the first to cross Antarctica.”可知，Ernest Shackleton乘坐Endurance的目的是试图创造历史，故选C项。] 10．What kept the ship in good condition? A．The depth of the water. B．The special material of the ship. C．The seafloor under the water. D．The temperature of the water. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Scientists say the small organisms ...waters around Antarctica.”可知，水域寒冷，使这艘船不会被微生物分解，因此，水温使得这艘船保持着良好的状态，故选D项。] 11．What can be learned about the future of the Endurance? A．It will remain untouched. B．It will be pulled out of water. C．It will be rebuilt by scientists. D．It will be in the charge of the search team. A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Antarctica’s waters are protected...the ship can’t be disturbed.”可知，未来“耐力号”将保持原封不动，故选A项。] 12．What is the best title for the text? A．The Useful Underwater Robots B．The Most Famous Survival Story C．The Discovery of the Endurance D．A Great Captain—Ernest Shackleton C　[标题归纳题。通读全文并根据第三段中“On March 6，2022，a search team...from its last known position.可知，C项最符合文章标题。故选C项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2022·山东省淄博市高二期末) The common cold is a virus(病毒)that influences your nose or throat，passing from one person to another by touch.Colds are very common，especially in the weak of poor health. 1 Yet through self­care measures，you may feel more comfortable as your body fights off the illness. Staying humid(湿润的)can help replace water you lose from a fever. 2 You can drink water，juice，clear soup，or even soft drinks.Avoid coffee，teas and soft drinks which can cause dry and worsen your illness. Studies have shown that home treatment of chicken soup can lighten sickness.Eating chicken soup as you can may help you get over your cold more quickly.You don’t have to make chicken soup on your own to get the benefits. 3 Throat lozenges(含片)containing sickness­preventing elements can help treat a sore throat. 4 Have throat lozenges every two to three hours，or according to the doctor’s directions.Keep them in your mouth until it is completely gone.Don’t try to chew them or swallow them whole in hurry. 5 If possible，stay home from work or school，especially if you have a fever or have taken medicines that make you sleepy.Staying home can also ensure you enough rest.Take naps during the day if you can and make sure you get at least eight hours of sleep a night to help your body recover. A．The store­bought，canned kind works just as well. B．Taking home rest can prevent you from getting a cold. C．Getting enough rest can help you recover more quickly. D．Chicken is available on the market and can be cooked at home. E．Drugs that have such elements may also help to reduce physical pains. F．Enough drinking may help you feel better and get over the cold more quickly. G．Though there is no quick cure for it，most people won’t recover in a short time. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了感冒时的自我护理措施。 1．G　[根据空前句“Colds are very common，especially in the weak of poor health.”可知，感冒很常见。G项承接上文，且和下文形成转折关系。故选G项。] 2．F　[根据上文“Staying humid(湿润的)can help replace water you lose from a fever.”可知，感冒时需要补充水分，F项符合文意。故选F项。] 3．A　[根据上文“You don’t have to make chicken soup on your own to get the benefits.”可知，并不一定需要自己做鸡汤，A项符合文意。故选A项。] 4．E　[根据上文“Throat lozenges(含片)containing sickness­preventing elements can help treat a sore throat.”可知，含有防病成分的咽喉含片会缓解咽喉痛，E项进一步说明它的作用，符合文意。故选E项。] 5．C　[根据下文“Staying home can also...night to help your body recover.”可知，待在家里能够保证你有足够的休息，帮助身体恢复。因此本段主要介绍感冒时充分休息能够帮助恢复，C项符合文意。故选C项。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·湖北省黄冈市高二期末) The world’s largest iceberg could hit South Georgia Island，posing 1. high risk to the wildlife that calls it home. The iceberg，2. (name) A68a，is now approaching South Georgia Island.There’s a 3. (possible) that it could ground itself on the island.The normal food­seeking routes for seals and penguins could 4. (block). “When you are talking about penguins and seals during the period 5. is crucial to them—raising baby animals，the actual distance they have to travel to find food really 6. (matter)，” British Antarctic Survey (BAS) ecologist Professor Geraint Tarling said.“If they have to take a longer route，they’re not going to get back to their young in time to prevent them 7. (starve) to death.” The iceberg is now about 311 8. (mile) away from the island.Because A68a only extends around 656 feet below the waterline，it could advance quite far before getting stuck.If that happens，the iceberg could be stuck for up to 10 years，increasing its impact 9. wildlife. However，it is very difficult to say precisely what will happen.If the iceberg does stay in the ocean，it could 10. (actual) help local wildlife.The dust it carries would benefit plankton，which supports the entire food web. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界最大的冰山有可能撞上南乔治亚岛，对那里的生物造成一定的影响。 1．解析：　a　考查冠词。空后risk为可数名词单数，本空应用不定冠词a表示泛指，故填a。 2．解析：　named　考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，动词name(命名，给……取名)和被修饰名词The iceberg之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填named。 3．解析：　possibility　考查词性转换。本空在句中作主语，根据空前冠词a可知，本空应用名词形式，故填possibility。 4．解析：　be blocked　考查动词的语态。动词block与主语routes之间为被动关系，本空应用被动语态，故填be blocked。 5．解析：　that/which　考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词the period，本空在从句中作主语，指物，本空应用关系代词，故填that/which。 6．解析：　matters　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据前后句可知，本句应用一般现在时，且句子主语the actual distance是不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填matters。 7．解析：　starving　考查非谓语动词。prevent sb (from) doing sth意为“防止某人做某事”，本空应用动词­ing形式，故填starving。 8．解析：　miles　考查名词的单复数。根据空前数词300可知，应用名词复数形式，故填miles。 9．解析：　on/upon　考查介词。impact on/upon意为“对……的影响”，应用介词，故填on/upon。 10．解析：　actually　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词help，应用副词，故填actually。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$