12 课时精练(十) Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版2020）

课时精练(十)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　单句语法填空 1．Obviously，it was just an excuse he made to cover the fact that he hadn’t done his homework. 2．Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew why she was so angry. 3．Experience is what matters—age is of secondary importance. 4．—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s where I don’t agree.You should have a more active life. 5．The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal. 6．He promised to give a great reward to whoever found the gold watch. 7．It is not a problem whether we can win the battle or not；it’s just a matter of time. 8．I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away. 9．It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang onto hope. 10．Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell how close you may be to victory. 维度二　语法与写作 1．What surprised uswas that the concert was called off. 令我们吃惊的是音乐会被取消了。 2．The old man can’t remember who knocked him down． 老人记不起是谁撞倒他的了。 3．Whoever are late for work will be dismissed. 无论谁上班迟到都将被解雇。 4．He is hesitating about whether he should tell her the truth (or not)． 他在犹豫是否应该告诉她真相。 5．He was late for work for the reason that he missed the first train． 他上班迟到是因为误了第一班火车。 维度三　语法与语篇 It was reported 1.that there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning.According to 2.what the police said，a car ran into a truck but fortunately，nobody got injured.3.Whowill be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police were uncertain 4.whether the driver was guilty or not.5.What the police should do now is 6.that they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.how the accident happened is not clear.Perhaps the reason was 8.that the driver was too tired to stop the car in time.The driver didn’t admit the fact 9.that he was over­speed driving at the turning.The police doubted 10.whether what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·广东省汕头市澄海中学高二期中) Most Chinese know the story of the mythological(神话的)Chang’e—the Chinese goddess of the moon.It’s a story about a woman who takes an immortality(永生)pill and flies to the moon.It is told every year during China’s Mid­Autumn Festival，so people can’t hear the word “Chang’e” without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess. For this reason，China’s mission to the moon was calling out for a strong female figure.Therefore，pictures of a 24­year­old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang’e­5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a “frontline soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to. Ms Zhou，a 24­year­old lady of Tujia Ethnic group，is China’s youngest ever space commander.She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang’e­5 lunar probe on 24 November，in charge of the rocket connector system，described as a key role. In Wenchang space launch site，though she is only 1.58 meters and looks “mini”，she is called “big sister” for her powerful “core and energy”．Since senior high，she has dreamed of being a member of a space research team.With her great efforts，she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014，making her aerospace dream come true.To grow into a commander，in two and a half years，she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work，each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges.In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people，she worked for 60 days until the completion of “the Lang March 5 rocket goes around” battle. Her story has received attention from Chinese state­run media as well as overseas media outlets.However，it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her.According to the media，she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了参与嫦娥五号探索计划的年轻女指挥官周女士为实现航天梦想而努力的故事。 1．Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang’e at the beginning of the passage? A．To introduce the topic. B．To give an example. C．To tell a romantic story. D．To spread Chinese culture. A　[推理判断题。本文第一段介绍了嫦娥奔月的神话故事；根据第二段中“For this reason，China’s mission to the moon was calling out for a strong female figure.”可知，第一段提到嫦娥奔月的神话是为了引出下文周女士参与嫦娥五号探索计划这个话题，故选A项。] 2．What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace? A．Her youth and beauty. B．Her pictures on the media. C．Her identity of Tujia Ethnic group. D．Her performance in the moon­landing program. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Therefore，pictures of a 24­year­old female space commander... young Chinese can look up to.”可知，周女士在登月计划中的表现让人们认为周女士是年轻人在航天领域的先驱，故选D项。] 3．Why did Ms Zhou reject the media’s invitation to interviews? A．Because she was too shy. B．Because she was not available. C．Because she feared her fame might affect her career. D．Because she considered fame nothing but a burden. C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“According to the media，she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.”可知，周女士拒绝媒体采访是因为她不想让出名妨碍了她的工作，故选C项。] 4．What can we learn from Ms Zhou’s story? A．Attitude is altitude. B．The early bird catches the worms. C．Many hands make light work. D．Diligence makes up for inability. A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“To grow into a commander...and is full of challenges.”和相关内容可知，周女士为了实现自己的航天梦，付出了很大的决心和努力，故选A项。] B (2022·重庆市育才中学高二期中) “Easy come，easy go” as the old saying goes.It’s easy to do easy things，but they don’t carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult.Stanley said he tried to express that view everywhere he went.And he spoke from experience，having spent a career that included the time as a NASA astronaut，US Navy captain，fighter pilot，and engineer. Stanley spoke at the University of North Alabama，sharing stories about his experience of spending a year on the International Space Station (ISS).He said the physical pressure of living in weightlessness for a year was hard to describe and that the fluids in his head sometimes made him feel like he was standing on his head.It also needed some time to recover when he returned home.“My legs were weak and it would be uncomfortable to sit for a while because my body hadn’t had that pressure so long，” Stanley said. He discussed life aboard the Space Station，including spending time with Russian astronauts.He had managed to get along well with everyone aboard as they lived together，worked together，and had to rely on each other.He thought it was one of the most rewarding things in his life. Though life there was not easy，Stanley never regretted being an astronaut and going to space.He also discussed experiences growing up，admitting that he wasn’t always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination. “Never give up or lower your dreams.If you work for it，all things are possible.There is a zero percent chance of succeeding if you don’t even try.And when you succeed after trying hard，you’ll find it really rewarding，” Stanley said in the end. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Stanley的故事告诉我们：困难的事情要求很高，但很有回报。 5．Based on Stanley’s experience，which is his major occupation? A．A speaker. B．A spaceman. C．A firefighter. D．A scientist. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Stanley spoke at the... International Space Station (ISS).”和第四段中“Though life there was not easy，Stanley never regretted being an astronaut and going to space.”可知，根据Stanley的经历，宇航员是他的主要职业，故选B项。] 6．What may benefit Stanley most when he lived with Russian astronauts? A．He developed good relationships with others. B．He picked up different cultures. C．He found the fun of living in the Space Station. D．He won some awards through teamwork. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“He discussed life aboard... things in his life.” 可知，当Stanley和俄罗斯宇航员生活在一起时，他与他人建立了良好的关系，这使他获益最大。故选A项。] 7．Which of the following words can best describe Stanley? A．Determined. B．Aggressive. C．Gifted. D．Disgusting. A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“...he wasn’t always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination.” 可推断出，Stanley是意志坚定的，故选A项。] 8．What does the author intend to tell us from Stanley’s story? A．Nurture passes nature. B．Life is not all roses. C．Difficult things are demanding but rewarding. D．Have a vision in order to win. C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“It’s easy to do easy things，but they don’t carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult.”及最后一段中“And when you succeed after trying hard，you’ll find it really rewarding”可推断出，作者想通过Stanley的故事告诉我们：困难的事情要求很高，但很有回报。故选C项。] C (2022·河北省石家庄市第二中学高二期末) “Lions and leopards，in particular，are ambush predators(捕食者).They often rely on the surprise to take down their prey.” says University of New South Wales conservation biologist Neil Jordan.“Farm animal losses can do serious damage to some farmers，and their killing of predators in response to that is a major cause of population decrease in the ambush predators.” But what if there were a simple thing farmers could do to cut their losses? “The idea came about of painting eyes on the backsides of cows to trick lions and leopards into thinking they’ve been seen by their would­be prey.And once seen，they often abandon the hunt.” Nature inspired this visionary solution.Probably the most famous example is on butterflies.They have eyespots in their wings，and these prevent predators such as birds from attacking them.Even humans are affected by eyespots：one study found that people are less likely to steal bikes when an image of watchful eyes is on display near bike racks. But despite their usefulness，eyespots don’t occur naturally in mammals(哺乳动物).To make up for this，the scientists/cow­butt artists got to work.“I can guarantee the cows didn’t enjoy the experience.I mean，it didn’t hurt them at all，but gathering those cows up in the morning for their artificial­eye treatment probably wasn’t the most exciting thing for them.” Over the four­year experiment，the researchers found that ambush predators killed none of the hundreds of cows with eyespots on their backside.But the study also showed that，while less effective，simply painting cross marks on the cows also works.So perhaps any kind of novel marking can frighten a hunting predator.Farmers can potentially paint their cattle with artificial eyespots or cross marks.But we recommend the eyespots because that was the best result.A little artistic license could go a long way to safeguard both farm animals and predators at risk of extinction. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了食肉动物捕食农场动物对农场主造成严重损害，农场主因此对食肉动物的猎杀又导致了食肉动物的濒危，科学家提出了一个简单而实用的方法：在牛背上画上眼睛，可以吓走捕食者。 9．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The killing of predators. B．The population decrease. C．The damage to the farmers. D．The surprise to attack cows. C　[词义猜测题。根据“Farm animal losses can do serious damage to some farmers”可知，农场动物的损失会对一些农场主造成严重的损害。由此可知，画线代词that指的是对农场主的损害，故选C项。] 10．What is the example of butterflies in Paragraph 3 intended to prove? A．Why birds avoid the insects with eyespots. B．Why the bikes with watchful eyes are safer. C．Eyespots came from the adaptation to nature. D．Scientists got the inspiration from nature. D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nature inspired this visionary solution.”可知，大自然激发了这个富有远见的解决方案。由此推断出，第三段中蝴蝶的例子意在证明科学家从大自然中获得灵感，故选D项。] 11．What can we learn about artificial­eye treatment from the last paragraph? A．It leads to the extinction of predators. B．Only time will tell whether it works or not. C．Cross marks could work much better than eyespots. D．It would be a win­win for farm animals and predators. D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A little artistic license could go a long way to safeguard both farm animals and predators at risk of extinction.”可知，在保护农场动物和濒临灭绝的食肉动物方面，一点小小的艺术许可可以大有帮助。由此可知，在牛背上画眼睛对农场动物和捕食者来说是双赢的，故选D项。] 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Farmers mark their cattle with eyespots B．Cows with eye images keep off predators C．Cows enjoy having artificial­eye treatment D．Farmers kill predators to protect their animals B　[标题归纳题。根据第二段中“The idea came about of painting eyes on the backsides of cows to trick lions and leopards into thinking they’ve been seen by their would­be prey.”和最后一段中“the researchers found that ambush predators killed none of the hundreds of cows with eyespots on their backside”可知，本文介绍了在牛背上画眼睛能够赶走捕食者，故选B项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2022·黑龙江省大庆实验中学高二期中) There has been a remarkable rise in the popularity of house plants over the past few years，with trendy new shops popping up all over the country selling every kind of plant you can imagine. 1 But follow a few basic tips aid you’ll soon get the hang of it. Choosing your plant doesn’t seem that simple.It’s a common mistake to wander into a shop and grab the plant that you first fall for，but it’s important to understand what type of environment you’re introducing it to before picking one out. 2 For example，some plants are better suited to maximum light and heat，while others prefer cooler spots. 3 One of the most common reasons for houseplant killing is over­watering.You might think it has a constant thirst but chances are that it won’t take to spending extended periods sitting in wet soil.Every plant is different，so research is once more key，but generally home­dwellers like watering most when they’re growing rapidly (spring and summer) and prefer an occasional water when the soil is dry，rather than as a daily routine. 4 Your plants may actually need feeding.While some plants don’t need many nutrients to grow，others are greedy for extra nutritional goodness (especially those that display flowers and fruits). 5 And you’ll also need to check what type of fertilizer each variety requires and how much to use each time. A．Using good soil for your plant is vital. B．Different plants require different amounts of water. C．Taking care of plants is much easier than raising other creatures. D．And always use water that has been brought up to room temperature. E．Looking after house plants isn’t always as straight forward as some think. F．As with watering，they’ll need more food during their growing season than during winter. G．A little research before buying will save you lots of stress when you get your plants home. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从室内植物的种类选择、浇水和营养等方面介绍了如何照顾室内植物。 1．E　[根据上文“There has been a remarkable... kind of plant you can imagine.”可知，人们对室内植物的需求增多；根据空后句中But可知，本空应和后句形成转折关系，E项符合语境。故选E项。] 2．G　[根据上文“but it’s important to understand what type of environment you’re introducing it to before picking one out”可知，购买植物之前首先要进行一番了解，G项承接上文，介绍了这么做的好处。故选G项。] 3．B　[根据空后句“One of the most common reasons for houseplant killing is over­watering.”可知，很多植物不需要那么多的水分，故本空应和植物需水量有关，B项符合语境。故选B项。] 4．D　[空前句“but generally home­dwellers... as a daily routine.”介绍了给家居植物浇水的时候应该注意的问题，D项承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。] 5．F　[根据段首句“Your plants may actually need feeding.”及空后句“And you’ll also need to check what type of fertilizer each variety requires and how much to use each time.”可知，本空内容应和植物营养有关，F项符合语境。故选F项。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·内蒙古呼和浩特市高二期末) In China’s history，a troop won an important battle by breaking the cooking pots and 1. (sink) the boats.Toward the end of the third century BC，General Zhang Han of the Qin Dynasty 2. (lead) his army to attack the State of Zhao.The King of Zhao withdrew(撤退)to the city of Julu，and Zhang Han surrounded the city. On learning that the King of Zhao was 3. danger，the King of Chu in the south sent 4. (he) two generals Song Yi and Xiang Yu to rescue the King of Zhao.When they had gone half way，General Song Yi refused to advance before a river.So Xiang Yu made a 5. (decide).He killed Song Yi and reported it to the King，6. appointed Xiang Yu as the top general. At this time，Xiang decided to lead all his soldiers across 7. river to win the battle.He sank the boats after crossing the river，8. (destroy) his army’s cooking pots and set fire to their tents.He ordered his soldiers 9. (take) only three days’ food which was so little that they had to advance and win the battle because they couldn’t withdraw.Sure enough，the soldiers fought 10. (brave) and defeated Zhang Han’s troops and rescued the King of Zhao in the end. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“破釜沉舟”的历史典故。 1．解析：　sinking　考查非谓语动词。 根据空前介词by可知，本空和空前动词­ing形式breaking并列，本空应用动词­ing形式，故填sinking。 2．解析：　led　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语Toward the end of the third century BC可知，本空应用一般过去时，故填led。 3．解析：　in　考查介词。in danger意为“处于危险中”，故填in。 4．解析：　his　考查代词。本空修饰名词generals，应用形容词性物主代词作定语，故填his。 5．解析：　decision　考查词性转换。根据空前冠词a可知，本空应用名词形式。make a decision意为“作出决定”，故填decision。 6．解析：　who　考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词the King，本空在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词，故填who。 7．解析：　the　考查冠词。名词river在前文已经提到，此处为再次提及，故应用定冠词the表示特指，故填the。 8．解析：　destroyed　考查动词的时态。根据前后动词sank和set可知，本空应用一般过去时，故填destroyed。 9．解析：　to take　考查非谓语动词。order sb to do sth意为“命令某人做某事”，故填to take。 10．解析：　bravely　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词fought，应用副词形式，故填bravely。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$