2 课时精练(二) Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版2020）

课时精练(二)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　单句语法填空 1．You must continue to do the work although/though you have some disagreements about the question. 2．Provided/Providing(provide) you fail a second time，don’t get disappointed，but try again. 3．Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after a long journey. 4．No one can leave the room unless he gets permission from the police. 5．However angry you feel，you shouldn’t shout at your children. 6．Parents today do their best to leave possessions for their kids，whether they are rich or poor. 7．On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there. 8．If we don’t stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone. 9．I have been looking for a job since I graduated from college. 10．How did you feel when you saw the terrible accident happening in front of you? 维度二　语法与写作 1．It has been three years since the engineer left his hometown． 那位工程师离开家乡已经三年了。 2．However busy you are，you should see them off at the airport. 无论你多忙，你都应该去机场为他们送行。 3．I won’t go to attend their wedding unless he invites me． 除非他邀请我，否则我是不会去参加他们婚礼的。 4．You are sure to pass the exam as long as you study hard． 只要努力学习，你一定能通过考试。 5．Matches should be kept where children can’t reach them． 应该把火柴放在小孩拿不到的地方。 维度三　语法与语篇 My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1.while/when I was doing my school assignments.No sooner had I finished my homework 2.than the door bell rang.However，my sister unlocked the door 3.before I could open it.We were surprised the moment we saw her 4.because her clothes and face were terribly dirty.5.Since/As we didn’t know what had happened to her，we stood there and waited for my sister’s story.We wouldn’t leave 6.unless my sister told us all about it.7.After my sister got changed，she told us that she fell into a ditch(沟)8.when she walked on a path on her way to my uncle’s home in the countryside.She couldn’t get out of the ditch.9.Although/Though/While she cried for help loudly，no one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it，but 10.however hard she tried，she failed to escape from it.11.As time went by，she got worried. After several vain attempts she had to stand 12.where she was and waited 13.until a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did 14.as the boy told，and she came out. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·广东省普宁市第二中学高二期中) Susan had always loved making fashionable clothes.However，life got in the way of taking her fashion dreams any further. Susan worked as any staff from a waitress to a cook in an old people’s home，before getting a job at a charity.“For some reason，the charity had to reduce my days.I thought I’d use the opportunity to take up an A­level on my extra day off，and of course I chose textile，” she said.“At last，I knew what I wanted to do with myself；I wanted to be creative.” At the age of 61，Susan quit her job to follow her passion.“I loved learning all the different techniques like quilting，batik(蜡染)，pattern making，” she said.“I felt I was in my element，and getting my hands dirty with bleach(漂白剂)and dyes；I’d never felt happier.” After an open day at the University of Northampton，she signed up to get a degree in fashion.Susan was a hit at university，and the teachers were impressed with her designs，which she described as female.Being picked for the Graduate Fashion Week show was the cherry on the cake.She said，“It was an unbelievable experience and I loved every minute of the show.It’s given me a taste of what I want to do next，and that’s to work in the fashion industry.” To anyone else who has a dream they’ve never had the chance to complete，she has an important message.“I want to tell people to just have a go，” she said.“One step at a time，the journey of 1，000 miles starts with one step.Do what you can with what you’ve got and don’t let age be a barrier.I’m so glad I did the course—it’s given me a new lesson of life and shows you can really do anything.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Susan从十几岁起就热衷于做衣服。然而生活阻碍了她的时尚梦想的进一步发展，她不得不从事与时尚无关的各种工作。但是61岁时，她放弃了工作，升入了一所大学，后来大学毕业创立了自己的事业。本文告诉我们不要让年龄成为追逐梦想的障碍。 1．When Susan was young，she ． A．determined to become a designer B．knew nothing about fashion C．liked to design clothes very much D．dreamed to work at a charity C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Susan had always loved making fashionable clothes.”可知，苏珊年轻的时候非常喜欢设计时尚的衣服，故选C项。] 2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．I made a big decision in life. B．I was used to the environment. C．I made myself feel uncomfortable. D．I did what I was good at. D　[句意猜测题。根据第三段中“I loved learning all the different techniques like quilting，batik (蜡染)，pattern making，”可知，Susan喜欢学习缝纫、蜡染、图案制作等所有不同的技术；根据“getting my hands dirty with bleach(漂白剂)and dyes；I’d never felt happier.”可知，Susan觉得用漂白剂和染料弄脏她的手让她感到无比的快乐。结合选项可推断出，画线句“I was in my element”指的是Susan在做自己擅长的事，故选D项。] 3．What are Susan’s designs like? A．They are connected with women. B．They are different from those of others. C．They reflect her attitude towards life. D．They show the signs of natural beauty. A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Susan was a hit at university，and the teachers were impressed with her designs，which she described as female.”可知，Susan的设计都是和女性有关的，故选A项。] 4．What can we learn from Susan? A．Find your own dream. B．Never give up your dream. C．Start your life one step at a time. D．A step is the beginning of a journey. B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I want to tell people to just have a go”和“One step at a time，the journey of 1，000 miles starts with one step.Do what you can with what you’ve got and don’t let age be a barrier.”可知，我们从苏珊的故事了解到只要有梦想就要去追求，千万不要放弃梦想，不要让年龄成为追逐梦想的障碍，故选B项。] B (2022·浙江省嘉兴市高二期末) Johns Hopkins University researchers discovered precisely how spiders(蜘蛛)build webs in the dark.Their creation of a web­building playbook brings new understanding of how creatures with small brains are able to create elegant and complex structures. Web­building spiders，which build blindly using only the sense of touch，have attracted humans for centuries.“The first step to understanding that is to study the behaviors and skills involved，” said Andrew Gordus，a Johns Hopkins behavioral biologist，“But until now it has never been done，mainly because of the challenge of detecting and recording the actions.” His team studied a spider native to the western United States.To observe the spiders during their nighttime web­building work，the lab designed a stage with infrared(红外线的)cameras and infrared lights.They monitored and recorded six spiders every night and tracked millions of individual leg actions.“Even if you video record it，that’s a lot of legs to track，”said lead author Abel Corver.“It’s just too much to go through every frame(帧)and mark the leg points by hand so we trained machine vision software to detect the actions of the spider，frame by frame，so that we could record everything the legs do to build an entire web.” They found that web­making behaviors are so similar across spiders that the researchers were able to predict the part of a web a spider was working on just from seeing the position of a leg.“Even if the final structure is a little different，the rules they use to build the web are the same，” Gordus said，“which confirms the rules are in their brains.” Future work for the lab includes experiments with drugs to determine which circuits(回路)in the spider’s brain are responsible for the various stages of web­building.Corver said，“This work could help us understand larger brain systems，including humans.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的。 5．What was the challenge in the previous studies on spiders’ web­building? A．Testing spiders’ brains. B．Tracking spiders’ actions. C．Observing spiders’ webs at night. D．Improving spiders’ sense of touch. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“But until now it has never been done，mainly because of the challenge of detecting and recording the actions.”可知，检测和记录蜘蛛的行为具有挑战性，故选B项。] 6．What is a crucial step in the study led by Gordus? A．Relying on the aid of special software. B．Monitoring the safety of spiders. C．Comparing varieties of spider webs. D．Designing a set of infrared cameras. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...we trained machine vision software to detect the actions of the spider，frame by frame，so that we could record everything the legs do to build an entire web.”可知，我们培训研究人员使用机器视觉软件，一帧一帧地检测蜘蛛的动作，这样我们就可以记录腿部所做的一切，来构建一个完整的网。由此可知，依靠特殊软件的帮助是Gordus领导的这项研究的关键步骤，故选A项。] 7．What is contained in the future study according to Paragraph 5? A．The environment for humans. B．The behavior of various spiders. C．The drug for brain diseases. D．The brain system of spiders. D　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Future work for the lab includes experiments with drugs to determine which circuits(回路)in the spider’s brain are responsible for the various stages of web­building.”可知，该实验室未来的工作包括用药物进行实验，以确定蜘蛛大脑中的哪些回路负责蜘蛛网形成的各个阶段。因此未来会对蜘蛛的大脑系统进行研究，故选D项。] 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Spiders，Elegant Creatures B．Small Brains，Amazing Skills C．Spiders’ Web Secrets Uncovered D．Spiders’ Web­building Ability Developed C　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Johns Hopkins University researchers discovered precisely how spiders(蜘蛛)build webs in the dark.”可知，本文主要介绍了约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的，故C项(蜘蛛网的秘密被发现)为最佳标题。] C (2022·天津市耀华嘉诚国际中学高二期中) U.S. Open Championships The U．S. Open has been in existence for more than 130 years.The first tournament was held in 1881 at the Newport Casino.It was called the U．S. National Singles Championship.Entry was limited to only those clubs which were members of the United States National Lawn Tennis Association，and the competitors were all male，competing in both singles and doubles.Richard Sears won the men’s championship and he went on to win the next six men’s singles championships. The Wimbledon In 1875，the All England Croquet Club was troubled financially due to declining membership.A new sport called lawn tennis was gaining fast in popularity and taking away the members.Two years later，a new roller was needed for maintaining its lawns so the club proposed to hold a tournament to raise money.Twenty­two players entered that first Wimbledon tournament which was won by Spencer Gore in straight sets over W．C．Marshall.Two hundred spectators each paid a shilling to watch the final game，enabling the club to buy the needed roller plus some extra cash. The French Open The very first French Championship was way back in 1891，and the tournament has since grown into one of the four tennis Grand Slam tournaments we know today.The first competition was a one­day national championship which was won by a British.The competition was poorly attended by world class players.It took 24 years before it became fully international and an accepted tennis grand slam event.After the First World War，French tennis was achieving stature.Suzanne Lenglen was the predominant French player，winning the championships six times between 1920 and 1926. The Australian Open The very first tennis tournament ever played in Australia was held in January 1880，on the courts of the Melbourne Cricket Club.In 1905，the Australian Open was established as the Australasian Tennis Championship and was played at the Warehouseman’s Cricket Ground in Melbourne.It became the Australian Championship in 1927 and the Australian Open in 1969.Women’s events were added in 1922. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上四项国际网球锦标赛是如何产生的。 9．What can we learn about the first U．S.Open from Paragraph 1? A．It has a history of 130 years. B．Only men were allowed to play in the game. C．Richard Sears won six championships. D．It has remained about the same through all these years. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“the competitors were all male”可知，参赛者都是男性，故选B项。] 10．What was the purpose of the first Wimbledon tournament? A．To raise some fund for a lawn roller. B．To attract more people to play tennis. C．To attract more audience to watch the game. D．To celebrate the renaming of the club. A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Two years later，a new roller was needed for maintaining its lawns so the club proposed to hold a tournament to raise money.”可知，第一届温网锦标赛的目的是为一台草坪滚压器筹集资金，故选A项。] 11．What is the same characteristic of the four international tournaments? A．They were all born in the same year. B．They all had only male players in the first tournament. C．They have all experienced financial difficulties. D．They all have had a history of 130 years or more. D　[细节理解题。四个网球锦标赛的时间：U.S. Open Championships有130多年的历史，The Wimbledon诞生于1875年，The French Open可追溯到1891年，The Australian Open在1880年创办。由此可知，这四项国际赛事的共同之处在于它们都有130年或更久的历史，故选D项。] 12．What is the passage mainly about? A．How the four international tennis tournaments came into being. B．How long it took for women to have the right to play in the game. C．How the four international tennis tournaments get their present names. D．Why the tennis tournaments are held in these four countries. A　[主旨大意题。本文分别介绍了美国网球公开赛、温网锦标赛、法国网球公开赛以及澳网锦标赛的诞生历史。由此可知，文章主要介绍了世界上四项国际网球锦标赛是如何产生的，故选A项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2022·山东省日照市高二期末) We are often encouraged to perform random acts of kindness.It urges us to do kind things for others without thinking or planning ahead.Research shows that acts of kindness can make us feel better and improve our health. 1 In other words，they say scientific evidence suggests that we are designed to be kind. Most animals are only helpful to those in their close “family” groups but are not kind or helpful to strangers.But humans are different. 2 Strangers can help us if we are kind to them.It is why we help strangers in need.In English we even have the expression：to rely on the kindness of strangers. 3 Scientists have tested this idea in many experiments over the past 20 years.Psychology professor Sonja Lyubomisky has found repeatedly that people feel better when they are kind to others，even more so than when they are kind to themselves.“Acts of kindness，”she said，“are very powerful.”In one experiment，she asked people to perform three acts of kindness for other individuals each week.She asked a different group to do three acts of self­kindness. 4 The people who were kind to others reported feeling happier and more connected to the world.Lyubomisky studied a group of people with the disease multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化).She found that they felt better physically when helping others.Her research also showed that people who performed more acts of kindness had less inflammation(发炎)or harmful swelling(肿胀)in their bodies. 5 A．We should be kind to the strangers in need. B．It is believed that humans are born to be kind. C．These acts could be small，like opening a door for someone. D．Research shows that our bodies can also reward us for being kind. E．And more antivirus genes were found in people who performed acts of kindness. F．Researchers also say kindness played an important part in how humans developed. G．They realize that there is not much difference between those close to us and strangers. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了实验结果表明，经常做好事的人会心情愉快，甚至能有效防御疾病。 1．F　[根据下文“In other words，they say scientific evidence suggests that we are designed to be kind.”可知，有科学证据表明我们天生善良，F项符合文意。故选F。] 2．G　[根据上文“Most animals are only helpful to those in their close ‘family’ groups but are not kind or helpful to strangers.But humans are different.”可知，人类与大多数动物不同，人类不但会帮助亲密群体，也会帮助陌生人。G项符合文意。故选G。] 3．D　[根据下文“Psychology professor Sonja Lyubomisky has found repeatedly that people feel better when they are kind to others，even more so than when they are kind to themselves.”可知，善待他人会使自己感觉良好。D项介绍善良会为身体带来好处，符合文意。D项中reward是关键词。故选D。] 4．C　[根据上文“In one experiment，she asked people to perform three acts of kindness for other individuals each week.She asked a different group to do three acts of self­kindness.”可知，在一次实验中，她要求人们每周为其他人做一些善举，要求另一组人做三件善待自己的事。C项中“These acts”表示在实验中做善事的行为。故选C。] 5．E　[根据上文“Her research also showed that people who performed more acts of kindness had less inflammation(发炎)or harmful swelling(肿胀) in their bodies.”可知，善举越多的人体内炎症或有害肿胀越少。E项进一步说明善举会使人的身体变得更健康。故选E。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·安徽省太和县第八中学高二期中) A CCTV journalist succeeded in arousing a heated discussion among netizens by 1. (ask) people whether they were happy.The responses to the question were various，and even some quite funny ones 2. (include).Although people played jokes on the answers，it did not take long before they began to figure out the true 3. (mean) of happiness. 4. is certain that people’s views on happiness are greatly affected by their own life experiences.5. (unfortunate)，too many people refer to being rich as happiness.There is no sign of a decrease in the number of those who run after wealth.Some people 6. intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to increase their income，believing that is where their happiness 7. (lie).Some are eager 8. their parents’ wealth，especially those who are known as silver­spoon kids.Even worse，some are likely 9. (break) the law to satisfy their financial desire or seek their fortune illegally. In my opinion，happiness is not about pursuing wealth but about admiring the beautiful things in life.Therefore，live your life to the 10. (full) and be happy. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了一位中央电视台记者通过询问人们是否快乐，成功地在市民中引起了激烈的讨论，不同的人给出了不同的看法。在作者看来，幸福不仅仅是追求财富，更是欣赏生活中美好的事物。 1．解析：　asking　考查非谓语动词。根据空前介词by可知，本空应用动词­ing形式，故填asking。 2．解析：　were included　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文中were可知，本空应用一般过去时，且句子主语ones指的是“问题”，与动词include之间为被动关系，本空应用一般过去时的被动语态，且句子主语为复数，故填were included。 3．解析：　meaning　考查词性转换。根据空前形容词true可知，本空应用名词形式，故填meaning。 4．解析：　It　考查代词。本句中it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语，故填It。 5．解析：　Unfortunately　考查词性转换。本空在句中作状语，应用副词形式，故填Unfortunately。 6．解析：　whose　考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词people，本空在从句中作定语，修饰名词intention，应用关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 7．解析：　lies　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，本句阐述的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时，且句子主语happiness为第三人称单数，故填lies。 8．解析：　for　考查介词。be eager for sth意为“渴望某事”，故填for。 9．解析：　to break　考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth意为“有可能做某事”，本空应用动词不定式形式，故填to break。 10．解析：　fullest　考查形容词最高级。根据空前定冠词the可知，本空应用形容词最高级形式，故填fullest。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$