12 Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 名词性从句 [教材示例] 分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征 1．(教材原句)It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour force once our studies are completed. 2．(教材原句)We can take pride in the knowledge that hard work is essential for our individual well­being as well as for the benefit of our society as a whole. 3．(教材原句)As you start to make plans for what you want to do with your future，you might ask a question whether you should start your own business. 4．(教材原句)Another advantage is that you will be able to better provide for yourself and your family，or even the economy will benefit if you achieve commercial success. [我的发现] 1．句1中，that引导主语从句； 2．句2中that引导同位语从句； 学生用书↓第78页 3．句3中what引导宾语从句，whether引导同位语从句； 4．句4中that引导表语从句。 一、名词性从句的分类 　名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 Whether she will join us does not matter too much.(主语从句) 她是否加入我们不重要。 After many days’ voyage，they arrived in what is called Africa nowadays.(宾语从句) 经过许多天的航行之后，他们到达了如今被称之为非洲的地方。 The trouble is that we are short of funds.(表语从句) 困难在于我们缺乏资金。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.(同位语从句) 他们赢得了比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。 二、名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类： 连词：that，whether，if 连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which 连接副词：when，where，how，why 1．that引导名词性从句的用法 (1)that只起连接词作用，引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，本身也没有词义。 That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 John said (that) he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。 (2)that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略，但在以下情况中，that不宜省略。 ①that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略； ②当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略； ③当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略； ④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不能省略； ⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。 The teacher told the students (that)they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents. 老师告诉学生要在第二天上交作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。 The fact that he has fully recovered makes me feel good. 他已痊愈，真令我高兴。 2．whether/if引导名词性从句的用法 (1)if，whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，whether与if表示“是否”，只起连接词的作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分。 (2)whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether： ①whether引导主语从句并放在句首； ②引导表语从句； ③whether从句作介词宾语； ④从句后有“or not”； ⑤后接动词不定式时。 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test. 现在的问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 学生用书↓第79页 3．疑问词who，whom，whose，what，which，where，why，when，how引导名词性从句的用法 疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是： (1)疑问词保留自己的疑问含义； (2)疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语； (3)疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。 Do you know whom they are looking for? 你知道他们在找谁吗？ I don’t know who did it. 我不知道这是谁干的。 4．whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever引导名词性从句的用法 whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中whatever，whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever＝anything that，whoever＝anyone who。 I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。 Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。 三、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句 1．that引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。 It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很显然，整个计划注定要失败。 It’s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非离开不可，这真是件遗憾事。 2．whether/who/what ...等疑问词引导主语从句时也常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句置于句末。 It has not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做那项工作。 It is still unknown which team will win the match. 还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。 3．动词find，feel，consider，make，believe等后面的宾语从句跟宾语补足语时，常使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。 I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好待在这儿。 4．有些动词如：have，take(认为)，put(表达)，like，see to等＋形式宾语it＋that从句。 I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。 I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。 5．表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，appreciate，prefer等＋it＋when (if) 从句。 I like it when people are open and straight. 我喜欢人们开朗、坦率的性格。 I really appreciate it when she offered to help. 如果她能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。 I would prefer it if you would not use such a mocking tone. 如果你不使用这么一种嘲弄的口吻，我会更喜欢。 学生用书↓第80页 核心词汇精研 budget n．预算 (教材原句)For instance，you will have to work out weekly，monthly and yearly budgets，and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal and put other people’s jobs on the line. 例如，你将必须制定每周、每月和每年的预算，一个错误的决定可能使公司蒙受巨大损失，而且可能让他人工作不保。 (1)on a tight budget　　　 预算紧张；手头拮据 over budget 超过预算 under budget 低于预算 (2) budget for 在编制预算时考虑；为……做预算 [佳句]　I have a tight budget for the trip, so I’m not going to fly unless the airlines lower ticket price. 我的旅行预算很吃紧，所以不打算坐飞机，除非航空公司降低票价。 [名师点津]budget还可用作动词，意为“谨慎花钱；把……编入预算”；用作形容词，意为“特价的，便宜的”。 ◎练透——写出下列句中budget的含义 ①The work was finished on time and within budget.预算 ②If we budget carefully，we’ll be able to afford the trip.谨慎花钱 ③He bought the house at a budget price.特价的，便宜的 ◎写美——微写作 ④He always tries his best to help the homeless people though he is on a tight budget himself. 尽管他自己手头拮据，但他总是尽力帮助无家可归的人。 qualification n．资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准 (教材原句)After much thought，I decided to develop these skills and get the right qualifications by studying art at university. 经过深思熟虑，我决定通过在大学学习艺术来培养这些技能并获得符合要求的资历。 (1)qualify vt.　　　　　 使合格；使具备资格 vi. 取得资格(或学历)，合格 qualify sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事 qualify sb for sth 使某人胜任某事，使某人有做某事的资格 (2)qualified adj. 有资格的，合格的，胜任的 be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事 be qualified for 具备……资格的；适合担任……的 [佳句]　He has educational qualifications and hence he is well qualified for the job as a tutor. 他有教育资历，因此他很能胜任家庭教师的工作。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①The certificate qualifies you to work(work) as a dental assistant. ②Winning the title is only the first step and the team still has a lot of work to do to qualify for the 2026 Winter Olympics. ③Introducing tourist attractions with accurate history and vivid stories is the basic requirement for a qualified(qualify) tour guide. ④Some nursing experience is a necessary qualification(qualify) for this job. 学生用书↓第81页 ◎写美——微写作 ⑤I think I am qualified for this job，because I have learned Chinese painting since childhood. 我想我能胜任这份工作，因为我从小就学习中国画。 label n．标签；(不恰当的)称谓vt.贴标签于；(尤指不公正地)把……称为 (教材原句)Clothes with designer labels in shops are generally thought to be too expensive. 人们普遍认为商店里的名牌服装太贵。 (1)on the label　　　 在标签上 (2)label sth with sth 用……称……；给……贴上……的标签 label...as... 称……为…… be labelled as 被称为…… [佳句]　It is unfair to label a small baby as naughty. 给小婴儿贴上淘气的标签是不公平的。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①According to the symbol on the label，this sweater should be washed by hand. ② You’d better label the bags with all necessary information so as not to confuse them. ③If you spend any time in prison，you are labelled as a criminal for the rest of your life. ◎写美——微写作 ④Each bag of seeds is labelled with the grower’s name. 每袋种子都标有种植者的名字。 维度一　单词拼写 1．The clients(客户)are required to pay fees in advance if they want to order the company’s products. 2．Gently swing(摆动)your right arm in a clockwise direction. 3．He had to sell his car to repay the loan(贷款)from the bank. 4．The information on the label(标签)can tell you the material of the clothes. 5．It is a pity that we have to decorate our house on a tight budget(预算). 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Salary will be determined according to your working experience and qualification (qualify). 2．And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly (month) meetings. 3．The publishers planned to produce the journal on a weekly (week) basis. 4．He failed to see the commercial (commerce) value of his discovery. 5．The bank is happy to loan money to small businesses. 维度三　语法与写作 1．Let’s swing into action and make efforts to make our campus more and more beautiful. 让我们立即行动起来，努力让我们的校园越来越美丽。 2．Whatever is said here must be kept secret. 在这里说的任何话都必须保密。 3．Now the problem is whether he can pass the exam (or not)． 现在的问题是他是否能通过考试。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$