UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Using language-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Using language 被动语态 语法串烧 我的发现 　　A 93-year-old retired soldier is being praised① now because he uses his talents to give back to his community. John Hobson is known② as “Mr Fix It”to his grandchildren because he is always able to fix anything.“Since July，my grandpa has been whittling(削) walking sticks，and all of them will be sold③ to our community at a low price later，” said Rob Hobson，one of John’s grandchildren. John lives with his family in Xenia，Ohio and all the money he will be earning through this will be donated④ to a local food bank.“It’s something to keep him active，” Rob said.Last December，John made a personalised walking stick for every member in his family.“Their names were carved⑤ on those walking sticks，”said John with satisfaction.Rob said that 100 walking sticks had been made⑥ by his grandpa and that he would go to a local nonprofit organisation，One Bistro，with his grandpa to give money to all those in need. ①现在进行时的被动语态，其构成为am/is/are being done。 ②一般现在时的被动语态，其构成为am/is/are done。 ③④一般将来时的被动语态，其构成为will be done。 ⑤一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was/were done。 ⑥过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为had been done。 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 1．被动语态在各种时态中的构成 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 am/is/are done 一般过去时 was/were done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done 将来完成时 shall/will have been done 2.使用被动语态的几种情况 (1)不知道或不必说出动作的执行者 The bike is quite old.It was bought in 1980. 这辆自行车很旧了。它是在1980年被买下的。 (2)需要强调动作的承受者 Books and newspapers in the reading-room mustn’t be taken away. 阅览室里的书和报纸不能带走。 (3)为使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修辞的需要使用被动语态使句子得以更好安排。 The composition must be handed in by next Friday. 作文必须在下周五之前上交。 学生用书第53页 [名师点津]　被动语态中的“by＋动作的执行者”通常可以省去。但如果“by＋动作的执行者”是句子的重点所在，或者没有此部分句子的意思就不完整时，则要保留。 The vegetables didn’t taste very good.They had been cooked too long. 这些蔬菜不太好吃，烧的时间太长了。(不需要动作的执行者) He arrived at the airport，where he was met by his friend. 他到了机场，被他的朋友接到了。(没有by his friend，句子的意思不完整) ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 (1)A meeting will be held(hold) in the office at 8：00 a．m.tomorrow. (2)The idea was supported(support) by those who wished to make much money. (3)This aging of the population is driven(drive) by two factors. (4)My car is being repaired(repair) so I have to go to work on foot. (5)In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut(cut). 3．常见的不可用于被动语态的动词或动词短语 不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，如happen，take place等；某些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，常见的有lack，belong to，agree with，consist of，turn out，run out等。 The students feel that they belong to a particular group. 学生们觉得他们属于一个特定的群体。 It never occurred to us that something awful would take place. 我们从来没有想到会发生可怕的事情。 4．主动形式表被动意义 (1)表示开始、结束、运动的动词。 The café closes at 11 pm every day. 咖啡馆每天晚上11点打烊。 (2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词后加副词，如read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，shut，dry，eat，drink等。 The newly-developed cellphones sell very well. 这些新研发的手机很畅销。 (3)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 Your advice sounds practical. 你的建议听起来是可行的。 Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown. 我们还不知道能否放假。 They often eat in that restaurant because the food there tastes delicious. 他们常到那家菜馆吃饭，因为那里的饭菜可口。 (4)作“需要”讲的动词(want，need，require)后接动名词时，用主动形式表示被动意义，也可接动词不定式的被动形式作宾语。 Family is a unique gift that needs appreciating/to be appreciated. 家庭是一份独特的礼物，需要被欣赏。 The bike needs/wants/requires repairing/to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要被修理。 (5)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。 He is a great hero，and deserves learning/to be learned from.他是一位伟大的英雄，值得学习。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)It is an old custom that dates(date) back to 4,000 years ago. 学生用书第54页 (2)An accident happened(happen) on the road last night and five people were killed. (3)Her new book was very interesting and sold(sell) well. (4)这门打不开，所以我们请修理工打开它。 The door won’t open，so we will ask a repairman to open it. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$