UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Using language-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 2　Lessons in life Section Ⅳ　Using language 被动语态 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 精研语法　巧点拨 2 课时测评 3 初识语法　品语篇 返回 语法串烧 A 93-year-old retired soldier is being praised① now because he uses his talents to give back to his community. John Hobson is known② as “Mr Fix It”to his grandchildren because he is always able to fix anything.“Since July，my grandpa has been whittling(削) walking sticks，and all of them will be sold③ to our community at a low price later，” said Rob Hobson，one of John’s grandchildren. John lives with his family in Xenia，Ohio and all the money he will be earning through this will be donated④ to a local food bank.“It’s something to keep him active，” Rob said.Last December，John made a personalised walking stick for every member in his family.“Their names were carved⑤ on those walking sticks，”said John with satisfaction.Rob said that 100 walking sticks had been made⑥ by his grandpa and that he would go to a local nonprofit organisation，One Bistro，with his grandpa to give money to all those in need. 我的发现 返回 ①现在进行时的被动语态，其构成为____________________。 ②一般现在时的被动语态，其构成为_______________。 ③④一般将来时的被动语态，其构成为_____________。 ⑤一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为______________。 ⑥过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为______________。 am/is/are being done am/is/are done will be done was/were done had been done 精研语法　巧点拨 返回 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 1．被动语态在各种时态中的构成 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 am/is/are done 一般过去时 was/were done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done 将来完成时 shall/will have been done 2．使用被动语态的几种情况 (1)不知道或不必说出动作的执行者 The bike is quite old.It was bought in 1980. 这辆自行车很旧了。它是在1980年被买下的。 (2)需要强调动作的承受者 Books and newspapers in the reading-room mustn’t be taken away. 阅览室里的书和报纸不能带走。 (3)为使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修辞的需要使用被动语态使句子得以更好安排。 The composition must be handed in by next Friday. 作文必须在下周五之前上交。 名师点津　被动语态中的“by＋动作的执行者”通常可以省去。但如果“by＋动作的执行者”是句子的重点所在，或者没有此部分句子的意思就不完整时，则要保留。 The vegetables didn’t taste very good.They had been cooked too long. 这些蔬菜不太好吃，烧的时间太长了。(不需要动作的执行者) He arrived at the airport，where he was met by his friend. 他到了机场，被他的朋友接到了。(没有by his friend，句子的意思不完整) ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 (1)A meeting _____________(hold) in the office at 8:00 a.m.tomorrow. (2)The idea _________________(support) by those who wished to make much money. (3)This aging of the population __________(drive) by two factors. (4)My car __________________(repair) so I have to go to work on foot. (5)In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat _____________(cut). will be held was supported is driven is being repaired has been cut 3．常见的不可用于被动语态的动词或动词短语 不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，如happen，take place等；某些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态，常见的有lack，belong to，agree with，consist of，turn out，run out等。 The students feel that they belong to a particular group. 学生们觉得他们属于一个特定的群体。 It never occurred to us that something awful would take place. 我们从来没有想到会发生可怕的事情。 4．主动形式表被动意义 (1)表示开始、结束、运动的动词。 The café closes at 11 pm every day. 咖啡馆每天晚上11点打烊。 (2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词后加副词，如read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，shut，dry，eat，drink等。 The newly-developed cellphones sell very well. 这些新研发的手机很畅销。 (3)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 Your advice sounds practical. 你的建议听起来是可行的。 Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown. 我们还不知道能否放假。 They often eat in that restaurant because the food there tastes delicious. 他们常到那家菜馆吃饭，因为那里的饭菜可口。 (4)作“需要”讲的动词(want，need，require)后接动名词时，用主动形式表示被动意义，也可接动词不定式的被动形式作宾语。 Family is a unique gift that needs appreciating/to be appreciated. 家庭是一份独特的礼物，需要被欣赏。 The bike needs/wants/requires repairing/to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要被修理。 (5)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。 He is a great hero，and deserves learning/to be learned from.他是一位伟大的英雄，值得学习。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)It is an old custom that ________(date) back to 4,000 years ago. (2)An accident ____________(happen) on the road last night and five people were killed. (3)Her new book was very interesting and ________(sell) well. (4)这门打不开，所以我们请修理工打开它。 The door ______________，so we will ask a repairman to open it. dates happened sold won’t open 知识网络 返回 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The composers wrote the musical scores after working out the tunes，and the songs ______________ (write) in seven-character or ten-character lines. 2．A Chinese scientist，who ___________ (call) Dong Jianyi，has helped Canadian greenhouse technology move forward. 3．Our city is becoming a modern one.More and more tall buildings _______ ___________ (build) in the last five years. 4．This listening material，together with its CD-ROMs，_______ (sell) well. were written is called have been built sells 5．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told that it ____________________ (decorate). 6．By the early Ming Dynasty，the yin and yang principles _______________ (add) to harmonize the whole. 7．Amy，as well as her brothers，__________(give) a welcome when returning to the village last week. 8．After the concert，Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional.It needed ____________________(share) in public. was being decorated had been added was given sharing/to be shared 维度二　语法与写作(每小题3分，共15分) 1．《只此青绿》已被许多人认为是央视春晚的最佳表演。 The performance “A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains” __________ _________ by many people as the best performance at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala. 2．下周将在学校礼堂举行一次关于科学技术发展的讲座。 A talk on developments in science and technology _______________________ _____ next week. has been regarded will be given in the school hall 3．据报道，目前灾区正在修建许多新房子。 It is reported that many a new house _______________ at present in the disaster area. 4．外宾受到孩子们的热烈欢迎。 The foreign guests ___________________________ by the children. 5．现在汉语变得越来越受欢迎了，全世界许多学校都在教它。 Today Chinese，___________________ in many schools around the world，is becoming more and more popular. is being built were given a warm welcome which is taught 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1.5分，共10.5分) 用所给动词的适当形式完成语段 In recent years many TV shows 1._______________(become) extremely popular among Chinese audience.Both commercial success and public attention 2.___________________(receive).Their popularity 3.________(base) on simple facts.First，they care about social concerns.Second，they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.Despite apparent highlights，much room 4.________(leave) for improvement. have become have been received is based is left Commercial interests often outweigh educational purposes.In addition，young people 5.___________________(mislead).Such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely entertaining the public.As 6._____________ (expect)，these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions. Meanwhile，the values of our society should also 7._________________ (safeguard). have been misled is expected be safeguarded 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2024·广东省广州市高二上期末) As a teacher for a decade，I find that college kids want to carve their routes and live out their journeys.But so many of them don’t know what they want to do—what major to choose? What career to pursue? What topic to write their papers on? More importantly，they wonder why any of these things really matters. One of the best books I have read is Dr.Meg Jay’s The Defining Decade. Basically，Dr.Meg Jay explains one’s 20s have an enormous effect across years and even generations to come，in terms of careers，families，friends，and relationships.She states that our brain completes the second and last growth peak in our 20s as it rewires itself for true adulthood. From the time we are in primary school，people ask us what we want to be when we grow up.I once asked my friend’s eight-year-old the question and she said，“I’m just a kid；I have no way of knowing what I want to be when I’m an adult.” Maybe the questions should be：What means something to you? What makes you happy? What do you care about regardless of any rewards? This train of thought may benefit all. In a world of easy access，today’s students can find everything they need after a few clicks on the Internet.Sure，that’s great，quick and convenient.But there is something important missed in the hunt for persistence(坚持)，patience，and concentration.So I’m grateful that when I was in college，I still had to visit the library to find the resources I needed to write a research paper. During this process，I reflected on what truly made me happy and what I genuinely cared about. My friend Brandon recently told me that he often woke up in the early morning and realized things he cared about were not what he devoted his life to，because he took the way that others considered good when he was in his 20s，instead of the way that was right for him.What you want to be when you grow up is something that may change throughout your life，but it’s likely that your passion and motivation will always come along. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。作者就我们应该成为什么样的人阐述了自己的观点。 细节理解题。由文章第二段内容可知，Meg Jay博士认为二十几岁对一个人的一生意义重大。故选A项。 1．What idea does Dr.Meg Jay express in her book? A．One’s twenties matters a great deal in one’s life. B．The brain is in its most active stage in our 20s. C．One’s career choice affects their family members. D．The old have a long-time influence on the young. √ 推理判断题。由文章第三段中的“Maybe the questions should be：What means something to you? What makes you happy? What do you care about regardless of any rewards? This train of thought may benefit all.”可知，作者提出这些问题是帮助人们找到他们真正喜欢的东西。故选A项。 2．Why does the author include a series of questions in Paragraph 3? A．To help people find out what they truly love. B．To call on people to make plans for the future. C．To encourage people to have a positive attitude. D．To warn people to learn life skills at an early age. √ 观点态度题。由文章第四段内容可知，作者对学生向互联网寻求答案的态度是客观的，既给予肯定，也讲了弊端。故选C项。 3．What is the author’s attitude towards students’ turning to the Internet? A．Favorable. B．Optimistic. C．Objective. D．Uncaring. √ 推理判断题。由文章最后一段内容可知，作者通过Brandon的故事想说我们应该随心而动，过上充实的生活。故选D项。 4．What can we learn from Brandon’s story? A．Laziness in youth spells regret in old age. B．Our dreams keep changing throughout life. C．Our life journey is always full of uncertainties. D．We should follow our heart and live a full life. √ Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·广东省揭阳市高二上期末) David was the type of guy who always decided everything that he was supposed to do.One day，something 　1　 happened to David. After his 30th birthday，David went to see his 　2　 for a physical check-up. A few days later，David 　3　 the phone call from his doctor.The doctor said，“We have found a cancerous tumor (肿瘤) in the back of your 　4　. Fortunately，it’s not too big，if we get it out as soon as possible，we don’t think there will be any further complications.However，it is a very dangerous procedure.” With 　5　 and fear in his voice，David says，“What kind of risks？” “Well，the tumor is very close to your brain stem，so if we make a wrong move，you could experience long-term brain 　6　，which would impair (损害) many different things，like the way you speak，the way you think，your 　7　．You may even forget the people who you love in your life.” 　8　 began falling down David’s face.“Do you want me to book it？” the doctor said.“I guess so，” David said. It was now time for the surgery.David 　9　 there on the white medical bed in the operating room，waiting to be put to sleep... Fortunately，the surgery was a 　10　．He is now physically healthy. This is how most people live their whole lives.They pick a career that they don’t really like.They 　11　 a partner that their friends or their family will tell them is a good one.They will choose a value 　12　 that social media or society tells them is a virtuous (道德高尚的) one. Most people will be infected with the False Self 　13　 until the day they die.The only cure for this disease is that you have to 　14　 listening to other people who tell you how you should live your life.And then，once you do that，you have to become self-aware in order to 　15　 what type of life you want to live. 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了David的生活经历，他在30岁时被诊断出患有脑肿瘤，经过手术后恢复健康以及此事对人们的启发。 根据“The doctor said，‘We have found a cancerous tumor (肿瘤) in the back of your ________．’”可知，可怕的事发生在大卫身上。故选D。 1．A．complex B．ideal C．pleasant D．awful √ 根据“for a physical check-up”可知，大卫去看医生做身体检查。故选A。 2．A．doctor B．nurse C．teacher D．professor √ 根据“The doctor said，‘We have found a cancerous tumor (肿瘤) in the back of your ________．’”可知，大卫接到了医生的电话，故选B。 3．A．recalled B．received C．exposed D．expected √ 根据“Well，the tumor is very close to your brain stem，so if we make a wrong move，you could experience long-term brain ________”可知，医生在大卫的大脑后部发现了一个癌性肿瘤。故选D。 4．A．stomach B．hand C．foot D．brain √ 根据“However，it is a very dangerous procedure.”可知，大脑的手术存在风险，大卫很震惊。故选A。 5．A．shock B．crisis C．fantasy D．shortage √ 根据“which would impair (损害) many different things，like the way you speak，the way you think，your ________”可知，大卫可能会经历长期的脑损伤。故选D。 6．A．adaptation B．motivation C．consumption D．damage √ 根据“You may even forget the people who you love in your life.”可知，术后的风险可能为损害记忆力。故选A。 7．A．memory B．imagination C．vision D．reflection √ 根据“so if we make a wrong move，you could experience long-term brain________，which would impair (损害) many different things，like the way you speak，the way you think，your ________．You may even forget the people who you love in your life.”可知，术后的风险很严重，大卫听后不由自主的伤心流泪了。故选C。 8．A．Liquid B．Water C．Tears D．Juice √ 根据“It was now time for the surgery.”和“the white medical bed”可知，大卫躺在手术室的白色医疗床上准备接受手术。故选D。 9．A．went B．stood C．returned D．lay √ 根据“He is now physically healthy.”可知，手术很成功。故选B。 10．A．panic B．success C．failure D．congratulation √ 根据“They pick a career that they don’t really like.”可知，他们选择一个他们的朋友或家人告诉他们是一个好的伴侣。故选C。 11．A．agree B．design C．choose D．analyze √ 根据“a virtuous(道德高尚的) one”可知，此处是指社交媒体或社会上大多数人认为的价值原则。故选A。 12．A．principle B．procedure C．system D．structure √ 根据“The only cure for this disease is that you have to ________ listening to other people who tell you how you should live your life.”可知，大多数人会感染虚假自我疾病。故选A。 13．A．Disease B．Problem C．Cure D．Patience √ 根据“you have to become self-aware”可知，有自我意识是要停止听别人告诉你应该如何生活。故选C。 14．A．keep B．enjoy C．stop D．consider √ 根据“you have to ________ listening to other people who tell you how you should live your life.”可知，停止听别人告诉你应该如何生活，拥有自我意识，可以帮助弄清楚自己想要过什么样的生活。故选B。 15．A．make inferences B．figure out C．insist on D．bring about √ Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) So，1.________ can you proceed? Firstly，lifelong learning is an attitude. Lifelong learners are those who have 2._______ open mind.Be 3.___________ (object) and make yourself open to new knowledge and ideas.Do not criticize them or reject them simply because they differ from 4.__________ you know or believe.At the same time，you need to develop 5.__________ (critic) thinking skills so that you do not blindly accept new ideas.Instead，you should inquire further 6.__________ (assess) the truth of what you are being told.Secondly，take advantage of opportunities for lifelong learning—for example，you could register online and subscribe to e-learning courses，which have become how an objective what critical to assess 7.____________(increase) popular in recent years.You could also visit the local library，8.__________ resources are rich and diverse.Finally，understand that 9._____ is not sufficient to simply know something or to understand what you know，because for knowledge to have concrete value，it must be applied. Importantly，after its application，there must then follow a review process of 10._________(analyze)，evaluation and improvement so that your comprehension of the world becomes a continuous process. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了怎样做一名终身学习者。 increasingly where it analysis 1．答案：how 考查疑问词。根据下文可知，主要在介绍怎样才能做一个终身学习者(lifelong learner)，询问方法，应用how。故填how。 考查冠词。空后形容词open修饰的名词mind为可数名词，此处泛指“一个开放的思维方式”，应填不定冠词，open的发音以元音音素开始，应用an。故填an。 2．答案：an 3．答案：objective 考查词性转换。该空需要一个形容词作表语，所给词object的形容词objective意为“客观的”符合语境。故填objective。 考查名词性从句。此处是介词from引导的宾语从句，作动词know or believe的宾语，应用what引导，指代“所相信或知道的事情”。故填what。 4．答案：what 5．答案：critical 考查词性转换。该空需要一个形容词作定语，修饰名词thinking skills，所给词critic为名词，其形容词critical意为“批判的，批评的”符合语境。故填critical。 考查非谓语动词。所给动词assess在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to assess。 6．答案：to assess 7．答案：increasingly 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，该空需要一个程度副词修饰形容词popular，所给词increase为动词兼名词，其副词形式increasingly意为“越来越”符合语境。故填increasingly。 考查定语从句。该空需要关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the local library，并替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8．答案：where 9．答案：it 考查代词。分析句子可知，此处应用it作that引导的宾语从句的形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语“to simply know something or to understand what you know”。故填it。 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，该空需要一个名词和evaluation and improvement并列作介词of的宾语，所给词analyze为动词，其名词为analysis。故填analysis。 10．答案：analysis 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$