UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking—Reading comprehension 课时测评-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版2019）

课时测评1　Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking—Reading comprehension (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) (时间：45分钟　满分：50分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共37.5分) A (2023·杭州高二下学期期末) Building with 3D printing technology is sparking widespread interest in the construction industry.Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment，it can speed up construction from weeks，or months，to days.To see how the technology can change the world around us，here are some projects that highlight bold ideas in 3D print building. Instant Neighborhood Community building takes on new meaning with the creation of a neighborhood of 3D printed homes in Tabasco，Mexico，aimed at tackling global homelessness.American non-profit New Story and tech company ICON built each concrete house from start to completion in 24 hours.New Story says its aim is to provide shelter for people without homes around the world. Nested Housing Shamballa is the idea of Italian 3D print construction company WASP.This project uses soil and straw to build a home in days that cost only 48 Euros in materials and energy.Its round designs are based on the wasp (黄蜂) nest.Each home features a laboratory with a desktop 3D printer for making furniture，artistic objects and more. Think Schools African island state Madagascar is hosting one of the world's most forward-thinking school building projects.Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3D print technology to provide schools where children have little or no access to education.Schools are built using local materials and low carbon concrete in under a week. Concrete Steps Researchers at the Swiss University ETH Zurich used concrete 3D printing to build the 16 metre long curved Striatus footbridge in a couple of days.The project used 500 layers of concrete and 53 hollow blocks，held in place by compression (压缩).This reduces materials by up to 70 per cent，and the entire bridge can be pulled down and recycled. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章列举了四个使用了3D打印技术的建筑。 1．What could be the inspiration behind the design of Nested Housing? A．A featured laboratory. B．A forward-thinking school. C．A round wasp nest. D．A long stone bridge. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Its round designs are based on the wasp (黄蜂) nest.”可知，巢式住宅的设计灵感是圆形的黄蜂的巢。故选C。 2．Which 3D construction project can be torn down and reused? A．Instant Neighborhood. B．Concrete Steps. C．Think Schools. D．Nested Housing. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据末段首句以及末句可知，Concrete Steps的3D建筑项目可以拆除并重复使用。故选B。 3．What do these four 3D building projects have in common? A．They use local materials. B．They make construction faster. C．They are affordable to the homeless. D．They are high in cost. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。通读全文，尤其根据首段前两句可知，本文主要介绍了使用3D打印技术的建筑，而他们的共同点是建筑工期变短，即修建得更快。故选B。 B (2024·山东泰安高二上期末) Earlier this year，I had a chance to go to space.I was really excited and made full preparations for it. Finally，the day arrived.With all the noise，we lifted off.I could see Earth disappearing.As we ascended (上升)，I was at once aware of pressure.The force of gravity pulled at me.There was an instrument that told us how many g's (重力加速度的倍数) we were experiencing.At two g's，I tried to raise my arm，and I could barely do so.At three g's，I felt my face being pushed down into my seat.I thought，“Will I pass out? How many g's can my ninety-year-old body deal with？” Suddenly，no g's.Weightlessness.We were floating. We got out of our safety belt and began to float around.And I got to the window as quickly as possible to see what was out there. I looked down，and I could see the hole that our spaceship had left in the atmosphere.I continued my self-guided tour and turned my head to face the other direction，staring into space.I saw a cold，dark，black emptiness.It was unlike any blackness you can see or feel on Earth.My excitement disappeared，and I felt really down.I turned back toward the light of home.I could see the curvature (曲度) of the Earth，the white of the clouds and the blue of the sky.It was Mother Earth. The contrast between the coldness of space and the warm nurturing of Earth below filled me with great sadness.In space，I had the strongest feeling ever that Earth is the only home we have.But we were doing many things that threatened our survival on Earth.I know we should devote ourselves to our planet and love all around us. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了90岁的作者今年体验了一次去太空的经历，描述了这次经历的所见所闻所感。 4．How did the author feel faced with gradual changes in g's? A．He found he could raise arms easily. B．He felt his face was pressed against the safety belt. C．He thought he would pass out because he was too old. D．He believed he could deal with the gravity because he was strong. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Will I pass out? How many g's can my ninety-year-old body deal with？”可知，作者担心他会因为太老而昏倒。故选C。 5．What did the author see when floating in space? A．The black hole in space. B．A cold and white emptiness. C．Other beautiful planets in space. D．The outline of the earth with white clouds. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I could see the curvature (曲度) of the Earth，the white of the clouds and the blue of the sky.”可知，作者在太空中漂浮时看到了白云环绕的大地轮廓。故选D。 6．Which of the following best describes the author's trip? A．The author felt extremely lonely. B．The author found the trip very boring. C．The trip was inconsistent with the author's expectation. D．The trip filled the author's fellows with depression. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“My excitement disappeared，and I felt really down.”以及最后一段中的“The contrast between the coldness of space and the warm nurturing of Earth below filled me with great sadness.”可推知，这次旅行与作者的期望不一致。故选C。 7．What can we infer from the author's trip to space? A．We should live in harmony with aliens. B．We should value the earth and protect it. C．We should try to move to the other planets. D．We should consider escaping from the earth. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In space，I had the strongest feeling ever that Earth is the only home we have.But we were doing many things that threatened our survival on Earth.”可推知，作者的太空之旅告诉我们应该珍惜并保护地球。故选B。 C (2023·湖北武汉5G联合体高二下期末) Used electronics are piling up fast: they are filling up landfills with dangerous pieces of waste.Some e-waste is relatively large，such as air conditioners; other e-waste is more unnoticed，such as smart labels that contain disposable batteries and other equipment. “It's these small batteries that are big problems，” says University of California，Irvine，public health scientist Dele Ogunseitan，who is a green technology researcher and adviser for major tech companies and was not involved in developing the battery.“Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.” Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology are working to address this problem.Their new paper describes a water-activated paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices. The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently.Like a typical chemical battery，it has a positively charged side and a negatively charged side.A traditional battery's components are covered in plastic and metal; in the new battery，however，the positively and negatively charged sides are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.That paper is filled with salt，which dissolves (溶解) when the paper becomes wet.When the paper is dry，the battery is shelf-stable.Once the paper is wet，the battery starts working within 20 seconds.The new battery's operating performance declines as the paper dries.When the scientists rewet the paper during testing，the battery regained function and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again. That future may not be so far off.It is hard to predict a time line for manufacturing such items at scale，but the head of the study says he is in contact with potential industry partners and believes these batteries could make their way into products within the next two to five years. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对电子垃圾越来越多的现象，提出纸电池的概念，以及纸电池在减少电子垃圾方面的作用。 8．Why is e-waste mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To give people warning. C．To show the seriousness of it. D．To call on people to take action. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory...more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.”可推知，第一段提出电子垃圾是为了引入后文话题：纸电池。故选A。 9．What is Dele's attitude towards e-waste? A．Objective.　　　　　　 B．Carefree. C．Indifferent. D．Concerned. 答案：D 解析：观点态度题。根据第二段中的“‘It's these small batteries that are big problems，’ says...‘Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.’”可知，Dele很担忧电子垃圾。故选D。 10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The difference between the paper battery and the traditional battery. B．The working principle of the paper battery. C．The problem of the paper battery. D．The advantage of the paper battery. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段描述了纸电池的关键部件的不同包装过程，也就是其工作原理。故选B。 11．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Paper battery: Is it far off? B．Paper can work wonders C．Paper battery: A creative way to reduce e-waste D．Let's work together to fight e-waste 答案：C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要针对电子垃圾越来越多的现象，提出纸电池的概念，以及纸电池在减少电子垃圾方面的作用。因此C项“Paper battery: A creative way to reduce e-waste”为本文的最佳标题。故选C。 D (2023·浙江杭州高二下期末) Scientists of the University of Antwerp and University of Liege have found how the human brain changes and adapts to weightlessness，after being in space for 6 months. A child who learns not to drop a glass on the floor is an example of how the brain follows the physical laws of gravity to best function on Earth.Astronauts who go to space station live in a weightless environment，where the brain's rules about gravity are no longer applicable.A new study on brain function in astronauts has found how the brain's organization is changed after a six-month mission to the International Space Station(ISS). The University of Antwerp has been leading this BRAIN-DTI scientific project through the European Space Agency.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)(磁共振成像)data were taken from 14 astronauts' brains before and several times after their mission to space.Using a special MRI technique，the researchers collected the astronauts' brain data in a resting condition. In cooperation with the University of Liege，recent analyses of the brain's activity at rest found how functional connectivity，a marker of how activity in some brain areas is connected with the activity in others，changes in specific regions.“We found that connectivity was altered after spaceflight in regions which support the combination of different types of information，rather than dealing with only one type each time，” say Steven Jillings and Floris Wuyts.“Moreover，we found that some of these changed communication patterns remained throughout 8 months of being back on Earth.At the same time，some brain changes returned to the level of how the areas were functioning before the space mission.” The researchers are excited with the results，though they know it is only the first step in pursuing our understanding of brain communication changes after space travel.For example，we need to understand whether longer time spent in outer space might influence these observations，and whether brain characteristics may be helpful in selecting future astronauts or monitoring them during and after space travel. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于太空旅行对人类大脑影响的研究，并介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的发现。 12．How does the author explain the changes in the human brain? A．By collecting the data. B．By doing a survey. C．By introducing a new concept. D．By giving an example. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“A child who learns not to drop a glass on the floor is an example of how the brain follows the physical laws of gravity to best function on Earth.”可推知，作者通过举例子解释人类大脑的变化。故选D。 13．What does the underlined word “altered” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Strengthened. B．Shortened. C．Changed. D．Established. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句以及画线词后文“after spaceflight in regions which support the combination of different types of information，rather than dealing with only one type each time”可知，后文提到“大脑的一些变化回到了太空任务前的水平”，由此可推知，研究人员发现在太空飞行后，支持不同类型信息组合的区域的连通性发生了变化，而不是每次只处理一种信息，故画线词altered意思是“改变”，与C项意思相近。故选C。 14．What is the researchers' attitude towards their future study? A．Doubtful. B．Uncertain. C．Worried. D．Hopeful. 答案：D 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“The researchers are excited with the results，though they know it is only the first step in pursuing our understanding of brain communication changes after space travel.”可推知，研究人员对未来研究的态度是充满希望的。故选D。 15．What's the text mainly about? A．The adaptation of the brain is a must for space travel. B．Space travel influences the way the brain works. C．The changes of the brain may affect space travel. D．Space travel improves the function of the brain permanently. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段内容并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于太空旅行对人类大脑影响的研究以及研究开展的经过和发现。故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2．5分，共12．5分) (2023·江苏镇江高二联考) Mindless eating: You may also be a mindless eater! Every one of us has moments of mindless eating.For example，you may unintentionally munch (大声咀嚼) your way through a whole bag of chips while watching TV. 1 People tend to reach out for food easily when they are upset，bored or stressed.However，when we consume various snacks mechanically，we end up feeling unhappier and even guilty. Mindful eating: Enjoy your food! 2 It means paying attention to the present moment with curiosity，openness as well as kindness.It means being present with your food and the eating process with all your consciousness and awareness. Before eating，you should assess whether you are hungry or not.Ask yourself honestly: Am I truly physically hungry or do I just want to use food as a way to escape the unwanted feelings hidden in the depth of my heart? If it is so，what are they? Boredom，depression，stress or fear? 3 You should eat only when you are hungry. During the eating process，you should eat slowly without distractions of any kind.Don't watch TV or be glued to your cellphone screens. 4 Chew and enjoy each and every bite and fully appreciate this moment. It is also very important that you should never lose track of your feelings: Feel the decrease in hunger and increase in fullness of your stomach.About halfway through the meal，you need to check yourself and ask the questions: Am I satisfied? Do I need to keep eating? Stop when you are satisfied and no longer hungry. 5 Start practising mindful eating now and you will benefit a lot from it! A．Mindfulness is exactly the opposite of mindlessness. B．More often than not，we eat not because of hunger but for comfort. C．You should often keep in mind you must feel your level of hunger. D．Instead，you should direct all your attention to the food in front of you. E．However，you should choose the healthier stuff that can energise your body. F．Always remember those negative emotions will never get handled by simply eating food. G．This conscious check and honest self-inquiry have proved to be effective in preventing overeating. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以防止无意识进食的方法。 1．答案：B 解析：上文提到每个人都会无意识地吃东西，并进行了举例说明，下文提到了容易让人们吃东西的几种情绪(upset, bored，stressed)，B 项提到我们吃东西往往不是因为饥饿，而是为了得到慰藉，与下文人们有消极情绪时容易吃东西相呼应，符合语境，故选 B。 2．答案：A 解析：根据Mindful eating: Enjoy your food！段中内容及设空处后文“It means paying attention to the present moment...”可知，此处介绍Mindful eating的含义，It指代设空处中的内容，故设空处应与 mindful 相关。故 A 选项“用心与盲目正相反”符合语境，故选 A。 3．答案：F 解析：设空处前提到了人们可能会因为无聊、沮丧、压力以及恐惧等消极情绪进食，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文。故F 选项“永远记住，仅仅靠吃东西是无法处理那些消极情绪的”符合语境，故选F。 4．答案：D 解析：上文中的“Don't watch TV or be glued to your cellphone screens.”提到不要在吃东西的时候看电视或盯着手机屏幕，设空处应承接上文并说明正确做法。D选项“相反，你应该把所有的注意力都集中在你面前的食物上”符合语境，故选D。 5．答案：G 解析：上文中的“check yourself and ask the questions...”列出了一系列应自我反思的问题，G选项“这种有意识的检查和诚实的自我询问已经被证明对预防暴饮暴食有效”承接上文，说明自我检查与反思的作用，故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$