UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language—Review useful structures-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS 主题语境：人与社会——不同国家的标志性建筑 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language —Review useful structures 复习过去分词 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 精研语法　巧点拨 2 课时测评 4 随堂应用　多维练 3 初识语法　品语篇 返回 语法串烧 The young woman painter was ambitious and she wanted her paintings (1)displayed in the gallery，but she wondered whether they would be very popular.(2)Encouraged by her parents，she had them (3)shown as planned. Once the beautifully (4)painted works were on show，the people praised them a lot. Both she and her parents were (5)satisfied with the result. 我的发现 返回 (1)displayed in the gallery为过去分词短语作 。 (2)Encouraged by her parents为过去分词短语作 。 (3)shown为过去分词作 。 (4)painted为过去分词作 。 (5)satisfied为过去分词转换为形容词，作 。 宾补 状语 宾补 定语 表语 精研语法　巧点拨 返回 一、过去分词的构成和意义 规则动词的过去分词是由“动词原形＋ed”构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。过去分词在句子中与逻辑主语之间构成被动关系；少数情况下仅表示完成的动作或状态而不表示被动。 二、过去分词的用法和功能 1．作表语 (1)过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义。这时过去分词多已转化为形容词，主要表示主语的状态(被动或完成)，所以不同于谓语动词的被动语态(主要表示被动动作)。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 昨天这个茶杯被我的妹妹打碎了。(被动语态，表示动作) The cup is now broken.茶杯现在碎了。(过去分词作表语，表示状态) (2)有些动词如 interest，bore，worry，surprise，frighten 等通常用-ed形式来修饰人，表示“感到……的”；用-ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……的”。 We were all shocked at the news of his death. 我们全都对他去世的消息感到震惊。 The instructions on the box are very confusing. 这个盒子上的说明令人很困惑。 2．作定语 (1)单个的过去分词作定语，常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句，称作后置定语。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应已经改变的情况。 Most of the people invited to the conference were my old friends. 大多数被邀请参加会议的人是我的老朋友。 Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message intended for everyone.然而，在简洁的风格背后，是针对所有人的严肃寓意。 (2)单个的过去分词有时也可以作后置定语。后置的目的主要是突出分词的动词性或者暂时性，或者词义不同于作前置定语时的意义。 Between work and study she has no time left.她既工作又学习，没有空闲时间。 (3)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情、面貌、举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用动词-ing形式。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam.他满意的表情表明他已经通过了这次考试。 3．作状语 (1)过去分词作状语表示被动的或已完成的动作。 Technological innovations，combined with good marketing，will promote the sales of these products.技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合将促进这些产品的销售。 (2)有些过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时常表示状态。此类过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路的)、seated (坐下来的)、situated/located(位于；坐落于)、hidden(隐藏的)、lost/absorbed in (沉浸于)、born into (出生于)、dressed in (穿着)、tired of(厌烦) 等。 Seated in the room，he is absorbed in reading. 他坐在房间里，全神贯注地阅读。 (3)过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.再给我一小时，我也能解出这道题。 Seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.从山顶俯瞰，这座城市看上去更加美丽。 (4)如果过去分词作状语时，前面有其逻辑主语，句子的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种有其逻辑主语的过去分词结构，实际上属于独立主格结构。 The signal given，the bus started. 信号一给出，公共汽车就发动了。 Her head held high，she went by. 她高昂着头从旁边走过去了。 (5)过去分词可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语，相当于对应的状语从句。 Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.由于遇上了大雨，他浑身都淋湿了。(Caught in a heavy rain＝Because he was caught in a heavy rain，过去分词短语作原因状语) Planted in the rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.这些种子(如果)种在肥沃的土壤里会长得很快。(Planted in the rich soil＝ If these seeds are planted in the rich soil，过去分词短语作条件状语) (6)状语从句改成过去分词作状语时，可以保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。 When given a medical examination，you should keep calm.在体检时，你应该保持镇定。 (7)过去分词作状语时，常用逗号将其同其他成分隔开。 Confused by the new surroundings，I was hit by the lack of fresh air.新环境把我弄得心烦意乱的，由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感觉受不了。 4．作宾语补足语 能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下三类： (1)表示感官或心理状态的动词，如 see、watch、observe、hear、feel、notice、find等。 I heard a song sung in English.我听到了一首英文歌。 He found his hometown greatly changed.他发现他的家乡发生了巨变。 (2)表示“使……处于某状态时”，如have/make/get/keep/leave sb/sth done中，多强调某动作被做。 I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.我明天要去理发。 Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。 (3)“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构 “with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来， 他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式) With water heated，we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件) With the problem settled，we all went home.问题得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因) She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。(表伴随) ◎巧学活用——单句语法填空 (1)If (give) better attention，the serious accident could have been avoided. (2)He went into the room, (support) by his wife. (3) (warn) about the typhoon，the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbour. (4)The manager was satisfied to see many new products fully _________ (develop) after great effort. (5)The pencils are made from (recycle) paper. When you sharpen them，they turn into colourful paper pieces. given supported Warned/Having been warned developed recycled 知识网络 返回 随堂应用　多维练 返回 维度一　单句语法填空 1．Research has shown that taking at least one day off a week can reduce the ________(frequent) of overuse injuries. 2．We believe that war never settles anything.It only leads to _______(violent). 3．Camping not only allows people to __________ (temporary ) escape from the city to enjoy nature，but also builds harmonious parent-child relationships via nature education. 4．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially _______ (design) to help them succeed academically. 5．_________(compare) to such art forms as music and painting，film has a much shorter history. frequency violence temporarily designed Compared 维度二　语法与写作 1．她发现她的猫因为在外面玩了一整天，已经完全筋疲力尽了。(过去分词短语作宾补) She found her cat ________________________________________. 2．最令我印象深刻的是种植在街道两侧的柳树，这座城市因此而闻名。(过去分词短语作定语) What has impressed me most is the willow trees _________________________ _________，for which the city is famous. 3．莫高窟位于甘肃省西部丝绸之路沿线，以其雕像和壁画而闻名。(过去分词短语作状语) ____________________________ Gansu Province，along the Silk Road，the Mogao Caves are famous for their statues and wall paintings. completely exhausted from playing outside all day planted on the both sides of the street Located/Situated in the west of 维度三　语法与语篇 1．________(know) that you are coming to my hometown for a visit，I am extremely 2.________ (excite) for I have been looking forward to 3.________ (see) you for a long time. Let me introduce my city to you. Knowing excited seeing 返回 4．________(locate) in the southwest of Shandong Province，Qufu is a city with a pleasant climate.With small hills surrounding it，the city has beautiful scenery.However，it is its culture that attracts tourists from home and abroad. There are many historical sites in Qufu，but the Confucius Temple and the Confucius Family Mansion are the most 5.________(visit)tourist attractions. Once you step into the Confucius Temple，you will find yourself 6._________ (surround) by ancient houses 7.________(date) back hundreds of years. Most of the visitors will find themselves 8.________(fascinate)by the traditional Chinese culture. Located visited surrounded dating fascinated 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 进阶训练一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共7分) 1．Only ________(license) stores can buy wholesale goods. 2．__________(complete) in 1931，the Empire State Building，the highest skyscraper until 1954，inspired the imagination of the world. 3．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and ___________(disappoint). 4．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother ______(take) good care of at home. licensed Completed disappointed taken 5．The book，________ (entitle) New Practical Chinese，is intended for beginners at your level. 6．Some of the best services for the seniors are _________(sponsor) by philanthropic organizations. 7．______(keep) in the refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh for several days. entitled sponsored Kept 进阶训练二　完成句子 (每小题3分，共15分) 1．随着假期临近，我的同学们变得越来越兴奋。(过去分词作表语) With the holiday approaching，my classmates __________________________ _________． 2．因为担心即将到来的考试，有些学生学习到深夜。(过去分词短语作状语) _____________________________，some students study until midnight. are becoming more and more excited Worried about the coming exam 3．我不想孩子们在这么冷的天气被带出去。(过去分词短语作宾语补足语) I don't want the children __________________________. 4．他经常做一些从网上下载的练习题。(过去分词短语作定语) He often does some exercises _________________________. 5．决心向他学习，我也开始在教室吃饭。但是我因为在英语课上吃东西被惩罚了。(过去分词短语作状语、表语) _________________________，I also began to eat in the classroom，but I ________________________ in the English class. taken out in such a cold weather downloaded from the Internet Determined to learn from him got/was punished for eating 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A (2023·华南师大附中、深圳中学高二下联考) Welcome to the breathtaking land of New Zealand，where nature's wonders and adventure await at every turn.Prepare to start an unforgettable journey as we introduce you to some of the country's most iconic attractions. Fiordland National Park Located in the South Island，Fiordland National Park will leave you awe-inspired. Marvel at the majestic fiords (峡湾)，such as Milford Sound and Doubtful Sound，where towering cliffs meet unspoiled waters.Cruise along these dramatic fiords and witness grand waterfalls and an abundance of wildlife. Don't forget to explore the world-famous Milford Track，for an up-close encounter with the region's unparalleled natural beauty. Aoraki/Mount Cook Rising majestically in the heart of the Southern Alps，Aoraki/Mount Cook is New Zealand's highest peak and a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts.Hiking along the Hooker Valley Track offers breathtaking views of the iconic Mueller Glacier. For an exciting experience，take a scenic flight and witness the awe-inspiring landscape from above.The clear night skies also make Aoraki/Mount Cook a heaven for stargazers and astrophotographers. Abel Tasman National Park Escape to the coastal paradise of Abel Tasman National Park，renowned for its golden sandy beaches and crystal-clear waters.Hop aboard a kayak and paddle along the stunning coastline，exploring hidden coves (海湾) and observing the abundant marine life.Embark on the Abel Tasman Coast Track，a multi-day hiking trail that winds through lush forests，revealing breathtaking views of the Tasman Sea. Rotorua Discover Rotorua，the geothermal wonderland of New Zealand's North Island. Immerse yourself in the fascinating geothermal activity，from boiling mud pools to geysers (间歇泉 ).Hike along Pohaturoa Track to command a fine view of the Lake Rotorua and the Whakarewarewa Geothermal Reserve. Experience the unique Maori culture through traditional performances and a traditional hangi feast. Indulge (沉迷) in a relaxing bath in one of the natural geysers or treat yourself to a refreshing mud bath. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了新西兰一些最具标志性的景点。 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The clear night skies also make Aoraki/Mount Cook a heaven for stargazers and astrophotographers.”可知，对于天文爱好者而言，最好的旅游景点是Aoraki/Mount Cook。故选B。 1．Which is the best attraction for astronomy enthusiasts? A．Fiordland National Park. B．Aoraki/Mount Cook. C．Abel Tasman National Park. D．Rotorua. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Indulge (沉迷) in a relaxing bath in one of the natural geysers or treat yourself to a refreshing mud bath.”可知，在Rotorua，游客们可以在天然间歇泉中洗个澡。故选A。 2．What may visitors enjoy in Rotorua? A．A bath in hot springs. B．A view from the mountain top. C．A visit to the Maori village. D．An interaction with wildlife. √ 细节理解题。通过对比这四个景点，发现都谈到了track或hike，由此可知，这四个景点的共同点是游客都可以远足并欣赏美丽的自然风景。故选C。 3．What do the four attractions have in common? A．Visitors can experience diverse cultures. B．Visitors can observe abundant wildlife. C．Visitors can hike to enjoy the natural beauty. D．Visitors can witness grand waterfalls. √ B (2023·江苏南京六校联合体高二期中) Despite the bad reputation of sharks，they are crucial to the health of the marine ecosystem and can even help fight climate change. In the shallows of Shark Bay，Western Australia，seagrass is food for the sea cows，which can weigh as much as 500 kg and eat roughly 40 kg of seagrass a day.Sea cows are a rich source of food for tiger sharks.By keeping the sea cow population in check，tiger sharks in Shark Bay help the seagrass thrive. A booming seagrass meadow stores twice as much CO2 per square mile as forests typically do on land. But tiger shark numbers are declining.Off Australia's northeast coast of Queensland，tiger sharks are estimated to have fallen by at least 71 percent，largely due to overfishing.A reduction in tiger sharks means more seagrass is eaten by herbivores (食草动物)，which means less carbon stored in sea vegetation. This raised the question: What if sharks were absent from the Shark Bay—would the seagrass-dominated ecosystem survive? To find out，researchers led by Rob Nowicki of Florida International University spent time in Eastern Australia，where shark numbers were lower and sea cows ate seagrass largely undisturbed.“When unchecked，sea cows can rapidly destroy wide areas of seagrass，”said Nowicki. Those findings emphasized that tiger sharks were playing an important role in preventing the reduction of seagrass in Shark Bay.If shark populations continue to decline，the resilience of carbon-rich ocean ecosystems to extreme climate events like heatwaves will likely to be affected. When it comes to boosting shark numbers，there has been a movement towards more sustainable fishing，but a large percentage of the industry have not changed their methods，which is a reason why the population of many marine top predators (捕食者) continues to decline. Aside from supporting sustainable fishing，Nowicki said the only way to truly protect marine life is to reduce our global greenhouse gas emissions. “Ultimately，if we are going to protect our ecosystems in the centuries to come，we are going to need to solve climate change while undertaking species protection at the same time.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鲨鱼对海洋生态系统的健康至关重要，但目前虎鲨数量急剧减少，对海洋生态系统造成了危害，研究人员呼吁人们支持可持续的捕捞和减少温室气体的排放。 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“seagrass is food for the sea cows”和“Sea cows are a rich source ...tiger sharks in Shark Bay help the seagrass thrive.”可知，虎鲨吃海牛，海牛数量减少，这样一来海牛的食物来源(海草)的数量就会增长，从而维持海洋生态系统的平衡，即虎鲨可以防止海草数量的减少。故选C项。 4．Why are tiger sharks vital to the marine ecosystem? A．They feed on various sea animals. B．They can store large amounts of CO2． C．They can prevent the loss of seagrass. D．They influence marine species' distribution. √ 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Those findings emphasized ...preventing the reduction of seagrass in Shark Bay.”可知，虎鲨在防止鲨鱼湾海草减少方面发挥着重要作用，故如果虎鲨数量减少，海草就会被消耗得更多，富含碳的海洋生态系统对于极端天气的适应能力也会受到影响。由此推知，画线词resilience意为“适应力”，与Adaptability意思相近。故选B项。 5．What does the underlined word“resilience”in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Productivity.　　　 B．Adaptability. C．Preservation. D．Construction. √ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，海洋顶级捕食者数量减少的原因主要在于捕鱼业仍在使用不可持续的捕捞方法。故选C项。 6．What is the main cause of the population reduction of many marine top predators? A．Climate change. B．Lack of protection. C．Unsustainable fishing. D．Loss of seagrass. √ 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了鲨鱼对海洋生态系统的健康至关重要，但虎鲨的数量正在减少，这意味着更多的海草被吃掉，海洋植被中储存的碳也会减少，进而造成了海洋生态系统的破坏。由此可知，鲨鱼数量的减少影响了海洋生态系统。故选D项。 7．What's the main idea of the text? A．The number of tiger sharks is decreasing. B．Climate change causes the loss of seagrass. C．Environmental protection is at the top of the agenda. D．Decline in shark populations affects the marine ecosystem. √ Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2023·中山市高二下统考) Zibo city in Shandong Province has gone viral on Chinese social media since late February for its local barbecue specialty，and the local government takes the opportunity 1._________ (promote) tourism and spending. On March 31 the Jinan bureau of China Railway 2. _____ (add) a weekend special round-trip “barbecue tour” train between Jinan and Zibo.The latest promotion gives visitors a free 3._________(admit) to 10 scenic spots in the city with their train tickets as long as their final destination is Zibo. to promote added admission Barbecue is popular in China，but Zibo's barbecue differs 4.____ three ways—it's made on a stove，and is served with flatbread (小饼) and dressings (蘸料).The skewers (烤串) are 70－80 percent cooked before they are brought to the table，on 5.______diners can finish cooking them on their own stoves，leading to 6.____sense of participation.Diners are served flatbreads and other dressings at the table so they are able to assemble 7._____ (they) own barbecue parcels，in much the same way Peking duck is eaten. in which a their The barbecue 8._____________(unexpected) went viral after a group of college students shot videos of themselves 9._________ (enjoy) a meal and posted them on social media in late February. Since then，many people，mostly the young，10.________________ (attract) to the city from all over the country to try the dish. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国山东省淄博市的烤肉特色和当地政府利用这一机会促进旅游和消费的情况。 unexpectedly enjoying have been attracted 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语On March 31可知，句子表述过去的事实，故使用一般过去时。故填added。 1．答案：to promote 2．答案：added 考查非谓语动词。take the opportunity to do sth为固定短语，意为“抓住机会去做某事”，故填to promote。 考查介词。differ in表示“在某方面不同”，为固定短语。故填in。 3．答案：admission 4．答案：in 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处使用admit的名词admission作give的宾语，意为“门票”，由空格前的a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填admission。 考查冠词。a sense of participation为固定短语，意为“参与感”，故填a。 5．答案：which 6．答案：a 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处与空前的介词on构成“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的结构，引导词在从句中作介词on的宾语，指代先行词table，故填which。 考查词性转换。设空处使用副词修饰动词went，作状语。故填unexpectedly。 7．答案：their 8．答案：unexpectedly 考查代词。句中表示“某人自己的”，应用one's own，即使用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句中Since then为现在完成时的时间标志，同时many people与attract之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为复数。故填have been attracted。 9．答案：enjoying 10．答案：have been attracted 考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的介词of可知，此处应该用动词-ing形式作介词of的宾语。故填enjoying。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$