UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language—Review useful structures-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION 主题语境：人与社会——科技发展与创新精神 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language —Review useful structures 复习被动语态 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 精研语法　巧点拨 2 课时测评 4 随堂应用　多维练 3 初识语法　品语篇 返回 语法串烧 The first zoo (1)was established around 3，500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment.Five hundred years later，a huge zoo (2)was built by a Chinese emperor to show his power and wealth.Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals. Today animals in large and natural reserves (3)are watched carefully for any sign of disease.With specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where treatment (4)is received when they are ill，all the animals there live a comfortable life.Anyway，it is true that the zoos (5)have been playing an important role in protecting many species of wildlife. 我的发现 返回 (1)(2)为一般过去时的 语态； (3)(4)为一般现在时的 语态； (5)为现在完成进行时的 语态。 被动 被动 主动 精研语法　巧点拨 返回 第一部分　谓语动词的被动语态 一、被动语态的概念及构成 1．概念：英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。如果主语是动作或状态的发出者，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的承受者，动词就用被动语态。 2．构成：被动语态由“be＋动词过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be完全一样。 In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的小麦收割完毕后，农民们总会有一顿丰收宴。 二、 被动语态的使用场合 1．不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。 2．强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者时。强调动作的执行者时，执行者由介词by 引出。特别注意“be＋过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构： (1)当“be＋过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态， be为助动词，be后面的过去分词是主要动词，动作的承受者是主语，动作的执行者可由介词by 引出。 The window was broken by Jim last night. 昨晚窗户被吉姆打破了。 (2)当“be＋过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词，be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。 The window is broken.这扇窗户是破的。 三、高考考查的7种时态的被动语态 项目 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done     1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are＋done The little girl is looked after by Granny every day.奶奶每天照顾那个小女孩。 2．一般过去时的被动语态：was/were＋done I was brought up by my aunt.我是由姑姑带大的。 3．一般将来时的被动语态：shall/will＋be＋done I will be given a chance to play in this game again. 我将再一次获得参赛的机会。 4．现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are＋being＋done The bridge to the road is being repaired.通往那条路的大桥正在维修。 5．过去进行时的被动语态：was/were ＋being＋done The road was being mended by the workers.这条路(过去)正在被工人们修建。 6．现在完成时的被动语态：have/has＋been＋done I have been told the sports meeting might be put off. 有人告诉我运动会可能会延迟。 7．过去完成时的被动语态：had ＋been＋done When I got to the theatre，I found the tickets had already been sold out.当我到剧院时，我发现票已经卖完了。 四、被动意义表达难点——主动语态表被动意义 1．连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 The food tastes delicious. 这种食物尝起来美味可口。 What he said at the meeting sounded encouraging. 他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。 2．当 wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long. 这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。 3．need，want，require，deserve等＋doing，用主动形式表示被动意义。 His hair needs cutting. →His hair needs to be cut. 他的头发需要剪了。 4．be worth doing主动形式表示被动意义。 The novel is worth reading again. 这部小说值得再读一次。 五、使用被动语态的注意事项 1．否定词not放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor's degree. 听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。 2．带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for或 to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。 My father is telling me an interesting story now. →An interesting story is being told to me by my father now. →I'm being told an interesting story by my father now. 我爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。 3．主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。 We saw him sitting there without doing anything. →He was seen sitting there without doing anything.我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。 注意：在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略 to。 His words made me throw up. →I was made to throw up by his words. 他的话令我作呕。 4．短语动词在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 The old man was often laughed at. 那位老人经常被嘲笑。 5．情态动词(may，might，can，could，should，ought to，must等)后跟被动语态形式为“be done或have been done ”，其中be和have been表示被动动作的一般式和完成式，没有时态和人称变化。 Nowadays，solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries. 现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。 6．含有 be going to、used to、have to、had better等结构的主动句变被动句时，只需将其后的动词变为被动形式即可。 More expressways had to be built in Sichuan to promote the local economy.四川不得不建设更多的高速公路，以促进当地的经济发展。 7．不及物动词(短语)不用于被动语态，如：appear(vi.出现)、die、disappear、end (vi.结束)、fail、happen、last、lie、remain、sit、spread (vi.扩散)、stand (vi.站立)、break out、come true、fall asleep、keep silent、lose heart、take place等。 An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。 8．连系动词和部分表示状态的及物动词或者动词短语无被动语态。连系动词如appear、be、become、fall、feel、get、grow、keep、look、remain、seem、smell、sound、stay、taste、turn 等；表示状态的部分及物动词如have、wish、cost、agree with；不用被动结构的常见动词短语如arrive at/in、shake hands with、succeed in、suffer from、happen to、take part in、walk into、belong to 等。 The idea sounds good.这个想法听起来很好。 The book belongs to me.这本书属于我。 ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 (1)The new project (develop) by a team of experts now. (2)The document (misplace) by someone in the office the other day. (3)The delicious food will (serve) by the restaurant staff at the event. (4)The rules (explain) by the teacher several times up to now. (5)By the end of last week，the movie (watch) by millions of people worldwide. is being developed/is developed was misplaced be served have been explained had been watched 第二部分　非谓语动词的被动语态 一、形式与功能 非谓语动词的被动形式包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式，见下表   一般式被动 完成式被动 动词不定式的被动式 to be done(将要被……；未被……) to have been done(已经被……) 动词-ing形式的被动式 being done(正在被……；被……) having been done(已经被……) 动词-ed形式表示被动意义 只有一种形式，表示被动或者已被完成的状态 Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.拉里说服了她，他说这个机器人不会伤害她，也不会允许她被伤害。 With exams being adapted into Braille，a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. 试卷被改写成布拉耶盲文，一名盲人高中生在高考中获得了630分(满分650分)。 二、动词不定式的被动式 1．动词不定式的一般被动式表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者，具有被动意义，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。 The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.不许将书带出室外。 2．动词不定式的完成被动式表示其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生。 I am glad to have been invited to this party.我很高兴被邀请参加这场聚会。 三、 动词-ing形式的被动式 1．动词-ing形式一般被动式常作主语、宾语、定语或状语，表示与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系。作定语或者状语时可表示正在被进行的动作，但作主语或宾语时只表示被动含义。 The building being repaired is our library.正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。 2．动词-ing形式的完成被动式表示与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，也表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，常作状语。 Having been shown around the library，we were taken to the lab.被带着参观了图书馆后，我们又被带去参观实验室。 四、动词-ed形式表示被动意义 1．动词-ed形式本身表示被动，用作定语、状语、补语等，和其逻辑主语形成被动关系。 The damaged car was towed away by the police.那辆受损的汽车被警察拖走了。 The painting，created by a famous artist，is worth millions.一位著名艺术家创作的这幅画，价值数百万。 2．动词-ed形式有时也可以不表示被动关系，仅表示完成的状态。 The experienced teacher handled the situation calmly.这位经验丰富的老师冷静地处理了这个情况。 She is intelligent and extremely well-read.她很聪明，而且极为博学。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空 (1)The package needs (pick) up from the post office by tomorrow. (2)The research paper (write) by the students for their final project now. (3)The proposal has been approved by the board after (review) carefully. (4)The plane is scheduled (fly) by an experienced pilot on its maiden voyage. (5)The children were playing outside， (supervise) by their babysitter. picking/to be picked is being written being reviewed to be flown supervised/being supervised 知识网络 返回 随堂应用　多维练 返回 维度一　单句语法填空 1．The ________ (fiction) character in the novel had a magical ability to recover. 2．The teacher was __________ (dismiss) the student's excuses for not completing the homework. 3．The suspect was found guilty of the crime and sentencing was to __________ (declare). 4．She looked ________ (guilty) at her friend after accidentally breaking the vase. 5．The engineers were double-checking their ___________ (calculate) before finalizing the blueprint. fictional dismissing be declared guiltily calculation 维度二　语法与写作 1．这个蛋糕将由我妈妈为我的生日烤制。 The cake ____________ by my mom for my birthday. 2．这份报告正在由团队为会议撰写。 The report________________________ for the meeting. 3．在派对上由摄影师拍摄的这些照片非常精美。 The photos________________________________ are very exquisite. 4．这座房子已经被清洁服务清洁过了。 The house ______________________ by the cleaning service. 5．这辆正拖往修理厂的汽车明天将由技工修理。 The car ______________________ will be repaired by the mechanic tomorrow. will be baked is being written by the team taken by the photographer at the party has already been cleaned being dragged to the garage 返回 维度三　语法与语篇 The new school building 1._____________ (design) by a renowned architect. Its construction is being overseen by a team of engineers.The classrooms are 2.________________________ with state-of-the-art technology. The curriculum will 3.______________ (implement) by experienced teachers. The students' progress will be monitored by the school administration.Despite the challenges 4._______ (face) during the lockdown，the school is eagerly awaited by the community.The opening ceremony 5.____________________ (plan)with great care will ensure a successful start to the academic year. was designed to be equipped/being equipped be implemented faced planned/being planned 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 进阶训练一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The room took on a new look after it __________________________(paint) blue. 2．Benefit ____________ (calculate) on the basis of average weekly earnings. 3．Much progress __________________________(make) in China with the help of the people's hard work. 4．You are not allowed to go into the meeting room. A secret plan _________________(discuss)there. was painted/had been painted is calculated is being made/has been made is being discussed 5．When fat and salt ____________(remove)from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. 6．Though we don't know what was being discussed，yet we can feel the topic _______________(change). 7．The surface of this table feels so smooth.I think it is well worth ________ (buy). 8．The artist was sure he would ___________(choose)，but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister，the old man laughed. are removed has been changed buying be chosen 进阶训练二　补全句子(每小题3分，共18分) 1．His fans expect that more of his works _______________(将会出版). 2．His homework __________________ (没有完成)before he came back to school. 3．His science fiction novels ________________ (受到了广泛的赞誉)all over the world. 4．It is said that his novel ________________(被改编) for a film already. 5．Many people wonder whether new works _______________ (在被创作)by him now. 6．The 5-kilometre cross-country running race ____________________(被我们学校举办) last Sunday. will be published hadn't been finished are widely praised has been adapted　 are being written was held by our school 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 (每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2023·合肥市六校高二下期末联考) Recently，Google researchers published a paper describing results from an artificial intelligence (AI) tool，called MusicLM，built to create music.It is not the first AI music tool to launch.But the examples Google provides demonstrate musical creative ability based on a limited set of descriptive words.AI shows how complex computer systems have been trained to behave in human-like ways. Google engineers explain the MusicLM system this way: First，a user comes up with a word or words that describe the kind of music they want the tool to create.For example，a user could enter this short phrase into the system: “a continuous calming violin backed by a soft guitar sound.” The descriptions entered can include different music styles，instruments or other existing sounds.Several different music examples produced by MusicLM were published online.Some of the generated music came from just one-or-two-word descriptions，such as “jazz”，or “techno”．The system created other examples from more detailed descriptions containing whole sentences.In the resulting recording，the music seems to keep very close to the description.The team said that the more detailed the description is，the better the system can attempt to produce it. In addition to generating new music from written descriptions，the team said the system can also create examples based on a person's own singing，whistling or playing an instrument.The researchers said the tool “produces high-quality music... over several minutes，while being faithful to the text conditioning signal”． Although it hasn't been released for public use，Google announced it was releasing a “high-quality dataset (数据集)” of more than 5，500 music-writing pairs prepared by professional musicians called MusicCaps.The researchers took that step to assist in the development of other AI music generators. The MusicLM researchers said they believe they have designed a new tool to help anyone quickly and easily create high-quality music selections. However，the team said it also recognizes some risks linked to the machine learning process. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了谷歌公司发明了一款名为MusicLM的工具用于音乐创作。 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，MusicLM是通过书面描述生成音乐的。故选B。 1．How does MusicLM work? A．It adapts music from recordings. B．It generates music from written descriptions. C．It teaches users how to play a musical instrument. D．It recommends songs based on a user's listening history. √ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers took that step to assist in the development of other AI music generators.”可知，谷歌发布MusicCaps数据集是要帮助开发其他人工智能音乐生成器。故选C。 2．Why did Google release the MusicCaps dataset? A．To display the capabilities of MusicLM. B．To allow the public to use MusicLM. C．To help develop other AI music generators. D．To promote the MusicCaps service. √ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The researchers said the tool ‘produces high-quality music... over several minutes，while being faithful to the text conditioning signal’．”可知，MusicLM可以高效快速地创作出音乐。故选D。 3．What might be an advantage of using MusicLM for music creation? A．It can improve the overall quality of all music. B．It can replace human musicians and composers. C．It can produce music that is more complex. D．It can create music quickly and efficiently. √ 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了谷歌公司发明了一款名为MusicLM的工具用于音乐创作。故选A。 4．What is the main idea of the article? A．Google has developed MusicLM to create music. B．MusicLM—an AI system can behave in human-like ways. C．MusicLM can create all kinds of music following written descriptions. D．Google has released a dataset to help develop music generators. √ B (2023·重庆一中高二下期末) The rise of robots has raised the possibility of future where there is simply less work for humans to do.To tired workers，a world where all had a bit more leisure time sounds rather nice.Yet what really matters is how work will be distributed across the workforce. The recent past shows there is no reason to believe it will be evenly spread.The length of the average working week in the UK has declined steadily from about 59 hours in the mid-19th century to 32 hours in 2009.But averages hide a lot. While trends among women have been stable，there have been big shifts among men.Males in well-paid full-time employment are now working slightly longer hours on average than two decades ago.Meanwhile，men in full-time employment at the bottom of the wage ladder are working much less. On top of that，the number of low-paid men who work part-time has increased sharply.Twenty years ago，one in twenty men with low hourly wages worked part-time; today it is one in five.Analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies shows this phenomenon is only happening among the low-paid.In better paying jobs，part-time men are still fairly rare.Gender roles within families might tend to be similar too.Low-paid men may be choosing to shoulder more childcare responsibilities so their parents can return to work. Yet it is clear that the distribution of work will matter to people.Britain has both over employment and underemployment problems: Official data show 3.4m people in Britain want to work more hours while 3.2m want to work few hours for less pay.The underemployed are likely to be waiters or cleaners.The over employed are most likely to be doctors or chief executives.This indicates an economy where demand and supply of skills are out of sync. Nobody knows for sure how the next wave of automation will shake up demand for different skills.Perhaps doctors will gain the free time they desire. Others might find themselves in greater demand.But short of developing a much better system for training people quickly for the jobs the economy needs，it seems likely that in the future—as now—there will be too much work for some，and too little for others. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了机器人的兴起造成了劳动力分配不均，如果不能建立一个更好的系统来快速培训人们以适应经济所需的工作，未来很可能会出现一些人的工作太多，而另一些人的工作太少的局面。 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The length of the average working week in the UK has declined steadily from about 59 hours in the mid-19th century to 32 hours in 2009.But averages hide a lot.”可推知，平均值背后隐藏了很多不确定因素，所以可能无法准确地表明工作时间的稳步减少。故选D。 5．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A．The development of robots will get rid of human's work. B．Future leisure time will be allocated evenly across the workforce. C．UK has taken some measures to stop the decline of working hours. D．The average may not accurately indicate the steady decline of working hours. √ 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Britain has both over employment and underemployment problems”和“This indicates an economy where demand and supply of skills are out of sync.”可推知，在英国，同时出现了过度就业和就业不足的问题，工作分配不均衡。故选B。 6．Which of the following best describes the distribution of work in Britain? A．Fair.　　　　　 B．Imbalanced. C．Stable. D．Uncertain. √ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“On top of that，the number of low-paid men who work part-time has increased sharply.”和“Analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies shows this phenomenon is only happening among the low-paid.”可知，从事兼职工作的男性只在低收入人群中有所增加。故选A。 7．What can we learn from the analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies? A．Part-time men have increased only among the low-paid. B．More well-paid men are choosing to work part-time. C．Part-time men rarely shoulder childcare responsibilities. D．Low-paid men are to blame for the low employment. √ Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2023·浙江杭州高二下期末) TikTok on Thursday began letting users post videos up to three minutes in length to stay ahead of competitors.TikTok 1._________ (believe) to have one billion users worldwide including more than 100 million in the United States，and is 2. _________ (especial) popular with young smartphone users. “3._____ longer videos，creators will be able to create new or expanded types of content on TikTok，with the flexibility of a bit more space，” product manager Drew Kirchhoff said in a post. is believed especially With TikTok，4.______ is owned by China-based Byte Dance，remains one of the world's most popular social media apps 5._____ faces competitors such as YouTube and others.Facebook-owned Instagram will be experimenting with video features 6.______(ride) the hot trend，chief Adam Mosseri said in a Twitter post.Video sharing and viewing is driving a lot of 7._______ (grow) at online platforms，and Instagram needs to “lean into” it more，according to Mosseri.“We are no longer 8.___ photo-sharing app，” Mosseri said in a video 9.______ (share) at Twitter.“There is some serious competition now. TikTok is huge; YouTube is even 10.______ (big)，and there are lots of other upstarts as well.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抖音的受欢迎程度以及未来的发展情况。 which but to ride growth a shared bigger 考查词性转换。修饰形容词popular应用副词especially，作状语。故填especially。 1．答案：is believed 2．答案：especially 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语TikTok与believe之间为被动关系，主语为TikTok，谓语动词用单数。故填is believed。 考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词TikTok、指物，空处在从句中作主语，故填which。 3．答案：With 4．答案：which 考查介词。后跟名词作宾语，表示“有”应用介词with，首字母大写。故填With。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。故填to ride。 5．答案：but 6．答案：to ride 考查连词。结合前后文语境可知，此处为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。 考查冠词。app为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且photo-sharing是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 7．答案：growth 8．答案：a 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，作宾语应用不可数名词growth，故填growth。 考查形容词的比较级。根据even以及句意可知，应用比较级bigger。故填bigger。 9．答案：shared 10．答案：bigger 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，share与逻辑主语video构成被动关系，故用动词-ed形式作定语。故填shared。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$