UNIT 12 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（北师大版2019）

课时测评15　Section Ⅲ　Grammar (时间：45分钟　满分：84.5分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．Provide financial (finance) aid and other benefits for local people. 2．Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural(nature) environment. 3．Doing housework is helpful(help) for us to be a responsible person. 4．Equally(equal) attractive are the tips on how to learn English，which is of great significance to my English study. 5．I highly (high) recommend visiting this exhibition. 6．We can use all kinds of resources to make learning more interesting(interest) than traditional learning. 7．Staring at the screen is harmful(harm) to our eyes. 8．In this documentary，we saw the longest (long) sea-crossing bridge in the world，Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. 9．I’m frightened(frighten) of walking home alone in the dark. 10．It is certainly(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. 维度二　语法与写作(每小题4分，共20分) 1．温泉的神奇之处在于温度越低，温泉就越热！ The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the hotter the spring! 2．直到20世纪80年代末，它才作为一个旅游概念被广泛接受。 It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s. 3．终于，我们到家了，又累又饿。 At last，we arrived home，hungry and tired. 4．唱歌可以使人放松，帮助减轻压力。 Singing songs is relaxing，which can help reduce stress. 5．去北京的这次旅行真是妙极了。我从来没有经历过比这更有趣、更令人兴奋的旅行。 The tour to Beijing was fantastic. I had never experienced a more interesting and exciting one. 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1分，共7分) 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 Mary had lived in China for 1．nearly(near) twenty years before she came here. I’ve planned to visit China next year. So I requested her to tell me the 2．best(good) time to go there. Mary said to me，“The most 3．comfortable(comfort) time to visit China is either between March and May or between September and early November. During these months，the weather is particularly 4．pleasant(please) throughout the country，neither too hot nor too cold. ” I’m 5．interested(interest) in tasting all kinds of food all over the world. She told me Chinese food is delicious and what is even 6．better(good)is that restaurants do not ask for or accept tips. Language can be a problem in China. Mary advised me to learn some 7．basic(base) Chinese words and phrases in advance. [素能提升练] Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·四川达州阶段练习) Outside of Asia, Madagascar has the longest tradition of rice production, and this crop is grown in almost all districts of the country. For the Malagasy people, rice is an important part of their diet：many families eat it three times a day, and most of it is home-grown. In Madagascar, however, people earn less than $1.90 per day on average, and the Malagasy population is severely affected by food shortages. Domestic (国内的) production of rice, for example, still does not meet the needs of the island, and the country has to rely heavily on imported rice to help ensure the nation has enough food. Madagascar has set itself the goal of being rice self-sufficient. To work towards this, an FAO South-South Cooperation project began between China and Madagascar. Chinese experts on rice production came to Madagascar to provide training to farmers on how to grow and harvest a greater-yielding (更高产的) type of rice. The new kind of rice seeds is better suited to the Malagasy subtropical climate, which consists of a hot and rainy season between November and the end of March and a cooler dry season from May to October. This Weichu rice variety has been especially developed to fit the climatic and soil conditions of Madagascar. Across three areas of the island, 124 rice farmers took part in the project, working together with a Chinese expert team, to benefit from both theoretical and field training on rice production. To date, the harvest has yielded about 8.45 tonnes on average per hectare (公顷) compared to the 2.8 tonnes per hectare that was harvested before the project. Alain Randrianarivelo, who has farmed rice for more than 20 years, says，“I think this new variety of rice is the future of our agriculture. The yield obtained is breathtaking. ”All the other participating farmers think so, too. For Madagascar as a country, this new variety will allow it to be self-sufficient by considerably reducing the level of rice imports. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了马达加斯加国内的大米生产仍然不能满足该岛的需求，该国不得不严重依赖进口大米来帮助确保国家有足够的粮食，于是中国专家在马达加斯加主要教当地人如何种植一种新的水稻，帮助马达加斯加实现大米自给自足。 1．What did the Chinese experts mainly do in Madagascar? A．They made efforts to improve the land. B．They developed new rice seeds in poor soil. C．They introduced ways to earn a good living. D．They taught locals how to grow a new kind of rice. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“To work towards this, an FAO South-South Cooperation project began between China and Madagascar. Chinese experts on rice production came to Madagascar to provide training to farmers on how to grow and harvest a greater-yielding (更高产的) type of rice. ”可知，中国专家在马达加斯加主要教当地人如何种植一种新的水稻。故选D。 2．Why is the Weichu rice variety used in Madagascar? A．It meets the high demands of the Malagasy people. B．It suits the varying conditions there. C．It is the best rice variety worldwide. D．It can be grown twice a year there. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“This Weichu rice variety has been especially developed to fit the climatic and soil conditions of Madagascar. ”可知，在马达加斯加使用威楚水稻品种是因为它适合那里不同的条件。故选B。 3．What can be inferred about the 124 rice farmers in the project? A．They are far-sighted. B．They are pioneers in farming. C．They find the yield fairly satisfying. D．They doubt the advanced farming technique. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Alain Randrianarivelo, who has farmed rice for more than 20 years, says，‘I think this new variety of rice is the future of our agriculture. The yield obtained is breathtaking. ’All the other participating farmers think so, too. ”可推知，该项目的124名稻农认为该产量相当令人满意。故选C。 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Doing experiments in Madagascar B．Increasing types of Madagascan rice C．Bringing Madagascar into the future D．Helping Madagascar become rice self-sufficient 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“For Madagascar as a country, this new variety will allow it to be self-sufficient by considerably reducing the level of rice imports. ”可知，文章主要说明了马达加斯加国内的大米生产仍然不能满足该岛的需求，该国不得不严重依赖进口大米来帮助确保国家有足够的粮食，于是中国专家在马达加斯加主要教当地人如何种植一种新的水稻，帮助马达加斯加实现大米自给自足。由此可知，D选项“帮助马达加斯加实现大米自给自足”适合作为文章的最佳标题。故选D。 B (2024·湖北阶段练习) Certain areas near the moon’s poles stay everlastingly in shadow, never receiving direct sunlight. Recent studies suggest these so-called permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) contain rich ice resource that could show details about the early solar system; they could also help future visitors make fuel and other resources. But these areas are hard to photograph from satellites moving around the moon and thus are a challenge to study. The few photos PSRs reflect are often flooded by camera noise and quantum effects (量子效应). Now researchers have produced a deep-learning algorithm (算法) to cut through the interruption and to see these dark zones. “Our images enable scientists to identify the features of craters and boulders (陨石坑和巨石)，” says Valentin Bickel, a planetary scientist at the Max Planck Institute of Solar System Research in Germany and lead author of a Nature Communications study testing the new algorithm. The researchers used more than 70，000 images of completely dark lunar areas — with no light signal — together with details about the camera’s temperature and position in orbit to train their algorithm to recognize and remove camera noise. Next they dealt with the rest noise through information learned from millions of sunlit lunar photos, together with copied versions of the same images in shadow. Ignacio Lopez-Francos, a study co-author and engineer at the NASA Ames Research Center, says using such man-made shadow was necessary because sunlit PSR images do not exist. A similar technique is also used in low-light digital camera photography. The researchers used their algorithm to analyze the size and number of craters and boulders in several PSRs that might be explored by NASA’s Artemis moon program. They also found the likely origins of some boulders and established a potential route for an astronaut through a PSR on the moon, avoiding obstacles and slopes steeper than 10 degrees. “It’s an interesting application of machine-learning technology, and the noise model seems realistic and useful for this real case，” says computer scientist Chongyi Li, who uses similar strategies to enhance underwater images at Singapore’s Nanyang Technological University and was not involved in the study. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种用于查看月球阴影部分的技术，解释了其工作原理以及人们对此的看法。 5．Why is exploring the PSRs a challenge? A．Because satellites are remote. B．Because the solar system is complex. C．Because the photos are often covered. D．Because the moon has abundant resources. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“But these areas are hard to photograph from satellites moving around the moon and thus are a challenge to study. The few photos PSRs reflect are often flooded by camera noise and quantum effects (量子效应). ”可知，探索PSRs是一个挑战是因为照片经常被遮盖。故选C。 6．How did the researchers train their algorithm? A．They trained it through photos and images. B．They trained it by cutting through the interruption. C．They trained it through numerous images of sunlit lunar areas. D．They trained it by using low-light digital camera photography. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers used more than 70，000 images of completely dark lunar areas — with no light signal — together with details about the camera’s temperature and position in orbit to train their algorithm to recognize and remove camera noise. Next they dealt with the rest noise through information learned from millions of sunlit lunar photos, together with copied versions of the same images in shadow. ”可知，研究人员通过照片和图像来训练他们的算法。故选A。 7．What is Chongyi Li’s attitude to this algorithm? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Indifferent. D．Favorable. 答案：D 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中Chongyi Li所说的话“It’s an interesting application of machine-learning technology, and the noise model seems realistic and useful for this real case ”可知，Chongyi Li认为这个算法的应用是有用的。由此可知，他对这个算法是赞同的。故选D。 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing this article? A．To appeal to us to explore lunar areas. B．To promote our understanding of moon. C．To introduce an application of technology. D．To describe the reasons of lunar shadow lands. 答案：C 解析：写作目的题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段中“Now researchers have produced a deep-learning algorithm (算法) to cut through the interruption and to see these dark zones. ”可知，文章主要介绍了一种用于查看月球阴影部分的技术，解释了其工作原理以及人们对此的看法。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种技术的应用。故选C。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·广东潮州期末) Today’s Wonder of the Day comes in all shapes and sizes. It can look like a beautiful landscape, a familiar skyline, or even outer space! It comes in boxes labeled with numbers — 300, 500, 1，000, or even 2，500．What are we talking about? Jigsaw puzzles (拼图游戏), of course! Puzzles have been around since at least 1760．Today, though, the process of making jigsaw puzzles has changed quite a bit. __1__ They used jigsaws to cut each piece out of wood or cardboard. Some specialty puzzle makers still do so today, but it’s far less common. Instead, most puzzles are mass-produced. How exactly are modern puzzles made? It starts with choosing the right picture. __2__ The most popular puzzles are often full of details. After all, this makes them quite a bit more manageable — imagine working on a puzzle that is just one color or pattern! Once the image is chosen, it’s printed on special paper and pasted to cardboard. Then, they’re left to dry before going through the die cutter. __3__ The design of the die cutter is unique to each puzzle and is often drawn by hand. Later, they go through a machine that separates them. __4__ Of course, puzzles aren’t just for fun! They’re good for your brain. Experts say putting together a puzzle has the same effect as trying to solve a mystery. It can stimulate different brain areas. __5__ It feels great to place that last piece in the right spot. Maybe that’s why puzzles seem to be a timeless source of entertainment. A．Working on a puzzle can also reduce stress. B．Decades ago, people made puzzles by hand. C．Finally, they’re boxed up and made ready for sale. D．Not every piece of beautiful artwork can make the cut. E．Puzzles offer an affordable way for people to have fun. F．No matter your preferences, there’s a puzzle out there for you. G．You can think of this as a cookie cutter that cuts the puzzle into pieces. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拼图的制作程序以及好处。 1．答案：B 解析：根据上文“Puzzles have been around since at least 1760．Today, though, the process of making jigsaw puzzles has changed quite a bit. ”以及下文“They used jigsaws to cut each piece out of wood or cardboard. Some specialty puzzle makers still do so today, but it’s far less common. Instead, most puzzles are mass-produced. ”可知，下文提到这种做法如今已经不那么常见了，由此可知，本句是在说明以前制作拼图的方法，故B选项“几十年前，人们手工制作拼图。”符合语境，故选B。 2．答案：D 解析：根据上文“How exactly are modern puzzles made? It starts with choosing the right picture. ”可知，本段介绍制作拼图的第一步：选择合适的图片。并根据the right picture可知，D项“并不是所有美丽的图片都能用来制作拼图。”符合语境。下文“The most popular puzzles are often full of details. After all, this makes them quite a bit more manageable — imagine working on a puzzle that is just one color or pattern！”具体解释了什么样的图片才合适。故选D。 3．答案：G 解析：根据上文“Once the image is chosen, it’s printed on special paper and pasted to cardboard. Then, they’re left to dry before going through the die cutter. ”可知，上文提到了模切机，上文cutter与G选项cutter呼应。故G选项“你可以把它想象成把拼图切成小块的饼干切割机。”符合语境，故选G。 4．答案：C 解析：根据上文“ Later, they go through a machine that separates them. ”中的Later和上文的Then可知，本句应是制作拼图的最后一步，故C选项“最后，它们被装箱准备出售。”符合语境，故选C。 5．答案：A 解析：根据上文“Of course, puzzles aren’t just for fun! They’re good for your brain. Experts say putting together a puzzle has the same effect as trying to solve a mystery. It can stimulate different brain areas. ”以及下文“It feels great to place that last piece in the right spot. Maybe that’s why puzzles seem to be a timeless source of entertainment. ”可知，本段主要是在说明拼图的好处，故A选项“拼图也可以减轻压力。”符合语境，故选A。 Ⅲ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·安徽阶段练习) Today, the Braille writing system is the most well-known language system used by blind people all over the world to read and write. It was __1__ by Louis Braille, a young blind child at the age of 12, to __2__ the way blind people read books at the time. At age 10, Louis Braille got a(n) __3__ provided by France’s National Institution of Blind Youth, where he took up piano. It was there that he first heard a(n) __4__, given by a soldier, who told the children about a code (代码) his fellow soldiers used to communicate without __5__, at night, in battle. Braille was very __6__ and realized that the writing system could actually be adapted to a writing/reading system __7__ to the blind. He set out and worked to __8__ the soldier’s code. After two years of hard work, Braille __9__ the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based (基于字母表的) code. He continued to work on the system over time, __10__ developing a machine with a friend that let blind people type in the regular alphabet. Braille published his system when he was 20．Despite the __11__ from his fellow blind students, the system was refused by some __12__ and school board members—they __13__ that blind people might take away their jobs. Braille __14__ as a teacher and musician, but his system didn’t spread beyond the institution. It was only after his death that the system caught attention and became the __15__ way blind people read and write around the world. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了法国盲人Louis Braille在一次学校讲座中听到一位士兵讲述战斗中运用代码的故事，受此启发的他发明了“布莱叶盲文”。 1．A．ignored B．invented C．analyzed D．accepted 答案：B 解析：根据下文“Braille published his system when he was 20．”可知，盲文书写系统是由布莱叶发明的。故选B项。 2．A．improve B．recommend C．stress D．advocate 答案：A 解析：根据下文“the way blind people read books at the time”以及“Braille was very ______ and realized that the writing system could actually be adapted to a writing/reading system ______ to the blind. ”可知，此处表示布莱叶发明盲文书写系统，目的在于改善当时盲人的阅读方式。故选A项。 3．A．requirement B．introduction C．scholarship D．response 答案：C 解析：根据下文“provided by France’s National Institution of Blind Youth, where he took up piano”可知，布莱叶获得的是法国国家盲人青年研究所提供的奖学金，所以他可以在那里学习钢琴。故选C项。 4．A．suggestion B．announcement C．lecture D．argument 答案：C 解析：根据下文“given by a soldier, who told the children about a code (代码) his fellow soldiers used to communicate without ______, at night, in battle”以及常识可知，此处表示一位士兵给孩子们做的讲座。故选C项。 5．A．thinking B．marking C．moving D．speaking 答案：D 解析：根据上文“who told the children about a code (代码) his fellow soldiers used to communicate without”以及常识可知，在晚上的战斗中，士兵和战友需要保持安静，所以此处表示他们进行交流时并没有说话。故选D项。 6．A．tired B．upset C．confused D．interested 答案：D 解析：根据下文“He set out and worked to ______ the soldier’s code. ”可知，布莱叶对此非常感兴趣，开始研究士兵们的代码。故选D项。 7．A．familiar B．beneficial C．fair D．safe 答案：B 解析：根据下文“He set out and worked to ______ the soldier’s code. ”可知，布莱叶开始研究士兵的代码，由此可知，此处表示布莱叶意识到书写系统可能对盲人有益处。故选B项。 8．A．perfect B．defend C．remove D．share 答案：A 解析：根据下文“After two years of hard work, Braille ______ the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based (基于字母表的) code. He continued to work on the system over time”可知，布莱叶在努力完善士兵的代码，使其可以适合盲人。故选A项。 9．A．figured out B．looked into C．carried on D．picked up 答案：A 解析：根据下文“the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based (基于字母表的) code”可知，此处表示经过两年的努力之后，布莱叶算出了现在被人们熟悉的代码。故选A项。 10．A．originally B．regularly C．eventually D．apparently 答案：C 解析：根据上文“After two years of hard work, Braille ______ the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based (基于字母表的) code. He continued to work on the system over time”可知，经过努力，最终布莱叶与朋友研发了一台可以让盲人输入普通字母的机器。故选C项。 11．A．decision B．comment C．praise D．doubt 答案：C 解析：根据下文“from his fellow blind students, the system was refused by some ______ and school board members—they ______ that blind people might take away their jobs”以及句中的Despite可知，此处表示尽管布莱叶的系统得到了盲人同学的赞扬，但却被一些学校董事会成员拒绝。故选C项。 12．A．pianists B．interviewers C．soldiers D．instructors 答案：D 解析：根据下文“Braille ______ as a teacher and musician, but his system didn’t spread beyond the institution. ”可知，此处表示学校范围内的一些教员和学校董事会成员拒绝了布莱叶的系统。故选D项。 13．A．hoped B．feared C．confirmed D．promised 答案：B 解析：根据下文“that blind people might take away their jobs”可知，此处说明教员和学校董事会成员拒绝的原因是他们担心盲人可能会抢走他们的工作。故选B项。 14．A．recovered B．succeeded C．struggled D．judged 答案：B 解析：根据下文“as a teacher and musician, but his system didn’t spread beyond the institution”可知，句子前后表示转折关系，此处表示布莱叶作为教师和音乐家是成功的。故选B项。 15．A．common B．similar C．easy D．rare 答案：A 解析：根据下文“blind people read and write around the world”可知，此处表示布莱叶发明的系统成为了世界各地的盲人阅读和书写的常见的方式。故选A项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$