UNIT 12 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（北师大版2019）

课时测评13　Section Ⅰ　Topic Talk (时间：45分钟　满分：55.5分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共6分) 1．The entertainment (娱乐活动)was provided by a folk band. 2．The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well-being(幸福) and a dream of harmony, peace and development. 3．Information Technology equips our home with labour-saving(节省劳力的) devices such as dish washers and sweeping robots. 4．If everyone classifies their garbage(垃圾), we can recycle useful materials and reduce pollution. 5．Strawberries containing much vitamin C are beneficial to our health. 6．When you turn off a device, please remove the plug from its power supply. 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共5分) 1．Sport has become an important form of entertainment (entertain)，attracting both men and women. 2．Recent studies show that we are far more productive (product) at work if we take short breaks regularly. 3．The kids-only Internet service is a great innovation(innovate) to help parents control their children’s access to the Internet. 4．We have decided that either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prize to those gifted (gift)students at the meeting tomorrow. 5．What might have made him such an outstanding and creative(create) scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. 维度三　完成句子/句式升级(每小题4分，共12分) 1．直到了解所有的情况后我们才能采取措施。(not… until… ) We can’t take measures until we’ve known all the circumstances. 2．既然你那么想减肥，那就每天抽出半个小时去锻炼吧。(sb spend＋时间/金钱＋(in)doing sth) Now that you badly want to lose weight, you can spend half an hour working out every day. 3．His spirit of devotion sets him apart from other doctors. →It is his spirit of devotion that sets him apart from other doctors. (强调画线部分) [素能提升练] Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A (2024·重庆阶段练习) The best apps for food waste Too Good To Go This fast-expanding platform was launched in 2016, and handled food waste by making surplus (剩余的), unsold food from supermarkets, cafes and restaurants available to consumers at heavily discounted prices. There is an element of surprise as the food comes in a lucky “magic bag”， each costing a third of the sale price. Olio Founded in 2015, Olio claims to be the world’s biggest food-sharing network. It connects neighbors with each other so that surplus food is given, not thrown away. Olio users just take a picture of their items and add them to the listings. Neighbors receive customized messages and can request anything they fancy, with pick-up arranged through private messaging. Kitche Kitche handled food waste in the home by helping users to keep track of what they have bought and plan meals accordingly. Users scan receipts or upload online receipts stored on their phones. The app will then tap into its recipe bank to plan meals based on the food you have, reminding you of items nearing use-by dates. NoWaste NoWaste allows users to keep track of the food in their fridge and freezer, also by scanning shopping receipts. You can set the use-by dates for all your food, receive messages when they are close to the last date, and record shopping lists and meal plans. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款关于减少食物浪费的应用程序。 1．Which app enables users to buy food at really low prices? A．Olio. B．Kitche. C．NoWaste. D．Too Good To Go. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“There is an element of surprise as the food comes in a lucky ’magic bag’， each costing a third of the sale price. ”可知，Too Good To Go应用程序能使得用户以较低的价格买到食物，故选D项。 2．What can users do through Olio? A．Buy unsold food from supermarkets. B．Share surplus food with neighbors. C．Find a “magic bag” of food from cafes. D．Plan meals using available food items. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“It connects neighbors with each other so that surplus food is given, not thrown away. ”可知，通过Olio应用程序，用户可以与邻居分享多余的食物，故选B项。 3．What do Kitche and NoWaste have in common? A．Both can offer users online receipts after their shopping. B．Both can advise users what to buy based on a recipe bank. C．Both can remind users of foods’ use-by dates. D．Both can tell users what food they waste the most. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Users scan receipts or upload online receipts stored on their phones. The app will then tap into its recipe bank to plan meals based on the food you have, reminding you of items nearing use-by dates. ”以及第四段“NoWaste allows users to keep track of the food in their fridge and freezer, also by scanning shopping receipts. You can set the use-by dates for all your food, receive messages when they are close to the last date, and record shopping lists and meal plans. ”可知，Kitche和NoWaste的共同之处为两者都可以提醒用户食物的保质期，故选C项。 B (2024· 江苏扬州阶段练习) There’s a huge amount of science about dreaming but we still don’t know much about it. It’s not even clear if everyone does it：it has been proved that everyone experiences rapid eye movement(REM) sleep, but whether those who claim they never dream really don’t, or do dream but simply don’t remember it after waking, isn’t clear. Nor is the way in which dreams are formed in the brain entirely understood, let alone why it happens. However, many researchers have long believed that bad dreams allow us to safely “act out” potentially dangerous situations before they occur in real life. And a new study seems to add weight to that theory. The researchers asked 18 volunteers to wear headsets while they slept and then woke them several times during the night to ask them a series of questions about whether they’d been dreaming, and if that dream involved fear. They then compared the volunteers’ answers to their mapped brain activity during sleep. They discovered that during “scary” dreams, two areas of the subjects’ brains were particularly active：the insula (脑岛) and the cingulate cortex (扣带皮层). During the day, the former is involved in identifying and evaluating emotional responses, while the latter is responsible for preparing the body’s physical reaction to threats. In the second part of the study, 89 participants kept a dream diary for a week, and were then shown a series of unhappy images. In subjects who reported having a lot of frightening dreams, the images caused less of a response in the two brain regions than those who reported few or none. What’s more, those who’d had more bad dreams showed more activity in a region of the brain that’s known to reduce the fear response. “Dreams may be considered as real training for our future reactions and may potentially prepare us to face real-life dangers，” said lead researcher Lampros Perogamvros. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于做梦的新研究，该研究发现，噩梦可能会让人们为潜在的可怕情况做好准备。 4．Which of the following is scientifically clear according to the text? A．Whether some people never dream. B．How the brain works during REM sleep. C．Whether everyone experiences REM sleep. D．Why some people forget their dreams after waking. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“it has been proved that everyone experiences rapid eye movement(REM) sleep”可知，科学表明，每个人都经历过快速眼动睡眠，故选C。 5．What were the participants in the first part of the study asked to do? A．Keep a dream diary for a week. B．Wear headsets all day long. C．Try to create fear in their dreams. D．Answer questions about their dreams. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers asked 18 volunteers to wear headsets while they slept and then woke them several times during the night to ask them a series of questions about whether they’d been dreaming, and if that dream involved fear. ”可知，第一部分研究的参与者被要求回答关于梦境的问题，故选D。 6．Why were the participants in the second part of the study shown unhappy images? A．To test their reaction to fear. B．To cause them to dream bad dreams. C．To weaken their fear response. D．To find out why they had bad dreams. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In the second part of the study, 89 participants kept a dream diary for a week… What’s more, those who’d had more bad dreams showed more activity in a region of the brain that’s known to reduce the fear response. ”可知，给第二部分的参与者看一些令人不悦的图片是为了测试他们对恐惧的反应，故选A。 7．What did the new study find? A．Bad dreams can reveal people’s real fears. B．Bad dreams have a huge effect on people’s lives. C．Bad dreams are very likely to become real dangers people will face. D．Bad dreams may prepare people for potentially frightening situations. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“However, many researchers have long believed that bad dreams allow us to safely ’act out’ potentially dangerous situations before they occur in real life. And a new study seems to add weight to that theory. ”和最后一段中“Dreams may be considered as real training for our future reactions and may potentially prepare us to face real-life dangers”可知，新研究发现，噩梦可能会让人们为潜在的可怕情况做好准备，故选D。 Ⅱ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·江苏连云港期末) In Nairobi, Kenya, Richard Turere, a twelve-year-old Maasai boy, had come up with a surprising invention. His family raised cattle, and one of the biggest __1__ was protecting them at night from lion attacks. Richard had noticed that a still campfire didn’t fear the lions, __2__ walking around waving a torch did seem to work. The lions were apparently afraid of __3__ lights! Richard had somehow taught himself __4__ by messing around with parts taken from his parents’ radio. He used that knowledge to __5__ a system of lights that would turn on and off in order, __6__ a sense of movement. It was built from scrapyard (废弃场) __7__—solar panels, a car battery, and a motorcycle indicator box. He installed (安装)the lights and the lion attacks __8__. News of his invention spread and other villages wanted in. Instead of seeking to __9__ the lions as they had done before, they installed Richard’s “lion lights”．Both villagers and pro-lion(亲狮的)environmentalists were __10__ . Because of his invention, Richard won a(n)__11__ to one of Kenya’s best schools, and was __12__ to give a TED Talk. He got on an airplane for the first time in his life and __13__ to Long Beach, California. As he walked onto the TED stage, you could tell he was nervous, but that only made him more__14__. As Richard spoke, people were focusing on every word he said, and every time he smiled, the audience __15__ . When he finished, people just stood and cheered. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了肯尼亚的一名男孩Richard Turere发明了一种“狮子灯”，可以通过闪光吓跑狮子，让他们不攻击牲畜，并且因此他被邀请发表TED演讲。 1．A．conflicts B．investments C．foundations D．challenges 答案：D 解析：根据下文“protecting them at night from lion attacks”可知，最大的挑战之一是在晚上保护它们免受狮子的袭击。故选D项。 2．A．and B．but C．or D．until 答案：B 解析：根据上文“a still campfire didn’t fear the lions”及下文“walking around waving a torch did seem to work”可知，前后两句为转折关系。故选B项。 3．A．moving B．shining C．faint D．intense 答案：A 解析：根据上文“walking around waving a torch did seem to work”可知，狮子害怕移动的光。故选A项。 4．A．farming B．hunting C．economics D．electronics 答案：D 解析：根据下文“by messing around with parts taken from his parents’ radio”可知，理查德通过摆弄父母收音机里的零件自学电子学。故选D项。 5．A．adjust B．assess C．invent D．display 答案：C 解析：根据下文“a system of lights that would turn on and off in order”可知，他发明了一种按顺序开关的灯光系统。故选C项。 6．A．affecting B．creating C．monitoring D．damaging 答案：B 解析：根据上文“He used that knowledge to ________ a system of lights that would turn on and off in order”可知，他发明了一种按顺序开关的灯光系统，因此产生了运动感。故选B项。 7．A．tools B．metals C．parts D．machines 答案：C 解析：根据下文“solar panels, a car battery, and a motorcycle indicator box”可知，这个灯光系统是用废料场的这些零件建造的。故选C项。 8．A．continued B．stopped C．increased D．stayed 答案：B 解析：根据上文“walking around waving a torch did seem to work”可知，移动的灯对狮子的攻击有效果，故他安装灯光系统后，狮子的攻击停止了。故选B项。 9．A．kill B．raise C．train D．protect 答案：A 解析：根据下文“Both villagers and pro-lion(亲狮的) environmentalists were ________”可知，村民和亲狮的环保人士都很高兴，是因为村民没有像以前那样试图杀死狮子。故选A项。 10．A．worried B．happy C．moved D．disappointed 答案：B 解析：根据上文“Instead of seeking to ________ the lions as they had done before, they installed Richard’s ‘lion lights’”可知，村民不再像以前那样杀死狮子，故村民和亲狮的环保人士都很高兴。故选B项。 11．A．election B．argument C．competition D．scholarship 答案：D 解析：根据上文“Because of his invention, Richard won”及下文“one of Kenya’s best schools”可知，由于他的发明，理查德获得了肯尼亚最好的学校之一的奖学金。故选D项。 12．A．ordered B．invited C．instructed D．forced 答案：B 解析：根据下文“As he walked onto the TED stage”可知，他被邀请做TED演讲。故选B项。 13．A．ran B．swam C．flew D．drove 答案：C 解析：根据上文“He got on an airplane”可知，他乘坐飞机飞往加利福尼亚州的长滩。故选C项。 14．A．amusing B．confusing C．engaging D．frightening 答案：C 解析：根据上文“you could tell he was nervous, but that only made him more”可知，他在舞台上很紧张，但人们感觉他的紧张让他更有趣。故选C项。 15．A．melted B．cried C．argued D．apologized 答案：A 解析：根据上文“but that only made him more ________. As Richard spoke，people were focusing on every word he said, and every time he smiled”可知，他紧张时观众都会觉得他有趣，故他微笑时，观众为之倾倒，心都融化了。故选A项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$