UNIT 11 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（北师大版2019）

课时测评9　Section Ⅲ　Grammar (时间：45分钟　满分：85.5分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．The ground is wet. It must have rained(rain) last night. 2．An improvement in living standards could be years away. 3．David， could you please sweep the floor and take out the trash? 4．They all said that he might come home before the Spring Festival. 5．I could have worked(work) out the problem, but I was too nervous. 6．However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read. 7．Chris can’t go to the opera on Sunday because he is going to have a meeting. 8．Sometimes it might/may be helpful to use examples to explain abstract concepts. 9．Taking up a job that is worth doing can give people mental/spiritual satisfaction. 10．He must have done(done) it all by himself for there was no one else in the house to turn to for help. 维度二　语法与写作(每小题4分，共20分) 1．让每个人都感到惊讶的是，我们一向无敌的校队竟然在这场比赛中失利了。 To everyone’s surprise，our unbeatable school team should have lost the game. 2．我们本来可以准时完成任务的，但交通堵塞毁了我们的计划。 We might/could/would have completed the task on time，but the traffic jam destroyed our plan. 3．学生们仍然不懂他所说的，他可能没有把他的话表达清楚。 The students still can’t understand what he said. He may not have got himself across. 4．参观这个展览，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术作品，还可以学到很多东西。 Visiting this exhibition，we can not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn a lot. 5．老师在班里说：“请注意，任何人只要能回答我一个问题就会得到一份奖品。” “Attention，please. Whoever can answer one of my questions shall get/receive/have a prize，” the teacher said in class. 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1分，共8分) I 1．needn’t have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her. No one 2．can be compared with Ellen in dancing. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he did something instead of just talking. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao” just as I 3．might do in China. Teachers recommend parents 4．(should) not allow(allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. Students 5．must obey school rules. One of our rules is that every student 6．shall wear school uniform while at school. It is required by the rules that students 7．shall get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship. It is beyond my understanding that many adults 8．should be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me. [素能提升练] Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·湖南邵阳期末) Sharing a room with a family member or a friend can be tough (困难的), but it becomes especially difficult when you are sharing it with someone you hardly know. If you find yourself in a similar situation, do not despair. There are things you can do to help you cope with having a roommate, no matter who it may be. First of all, you have to remember that you get what you give. If you are nice to others, then others will be nice to you as well. You also need to set boundaries for yourself and for the other person. So before your new roommate moves in, talk to him. Set the rules early on and discuss your hopes. Remember that there are two things that make up any good relationship: belief and respect. The same thing applies to (适用于) having a roommate. You have to respect each other. So he has that new PS3 game that you have always wanted to try out? Ask permission first. If he says no, don’t ask him for it again. If he lets you borrow his stuff, take care of the item and treat it as if it were your own. Make sure that you return it in the same condition as when you borrowed it. To keep away from disagreements over who does the housework, clean as you go. For chores (杂务) that can be shared, you may want to divide it equally so that you don’t do all the housework. Take turns in washing the dishes. You may do it every other day or you may divide the task so that you only have to do it in the morning and your roommate will only have to do it at night. When it comes to food and grocery items, determine what can be shared. Don’t be too mean when it comes to sharing food. On the other hand, determine what you can share and what you can’t and be clear about it. The advantage of sharing food is that you can save on time and food preparation. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何与室友建立良好的关系。 1．What is the text mainly about? A．Why you need a roommate. B．How you drive a roommate you don’t like. C．What you do to find a roommate. D．How you can get along with your roommate. 答案：D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“There are things you can do to help you cope with having a roommate, no matter who it may be. ”可知，本文主要介绍了如何与室友相处，故选D项。 2．What may the underlined word “boundaries” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Borders of two countries. B．Personal space. C．Public relations. D．Something shared by all roommates. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中“So before your new roommate moves in, talk to him. Set the rules early on and discuss your hopes. ”可知，这里说的是要给自己和他人设定界限，由此可知，画线单词boundaries 意为“边界”。与B项意思相近，故选B项。 3．What does good relationship among roommates lie in? A．Money and gifts. B．Attraction and good words. C．Trust and respect. D．Threats and orders. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Remember that there are two things that make up any good relationship: belief and respect. The same thing applies to(适用于) having a roommate. ”可知，与室友之间良好的关系在于尊重和信任，故选C项。 4．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．There are always quarrels between roommates. B．Try to do all the chores by yourself. C．Share everything with your roommates. D．Try to do the chores by turns. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“ For chores (杂务)that can be shared, you may want to divide it equally so that you don’t do all the housework. ”可推知，宿舍内的杂务可以轮流去做，故选D项。 B (2024·河北邯郸期末) “Individuals of all ages who have empathy (共情) understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt，” says Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial. ” A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken. Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation, Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning，” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity，” she adds. Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。 5．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg? A．They are short-lived. B．They are unidentifiable. C．They are trouble-making. D．They are common. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial. ’A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. ”可知，根据芭芭拉·格林伯格的说法，善意的谎言很常见。故选D。 6．What message does Dr. Breur deliver in Paragraph 2? A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners. B．We must respond to our family members truthfully. C．It’s wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent. D．The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. ”可知，Breur 博士认为，善意的谎言给说谎者和听者都会带来伤害。故选A。 7．What is Dr. Breur’s attitude towards the mother’s practice in Paragraph 3? A．Uncaring. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 答案：C 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段中的“‘I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning，’ Dr. Breur says. ‘So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable… can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity，’she adds. ”可知，Breur博士对母亲的做法持支持态度，他认为它反映了善意谎言的意图，即善意、保护和无条件的爱。故选C。 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best B．Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies C．White Lies Signify Unconditional Love D．White Lies Are Empathetic People’s Favorable Choice 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段内容可知，本文主要讲述了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。因此，在说善意的谎言之前要三思。B项“Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies (说谎之前三思)”最能概括本文主旨，适合作为文章最佳标题。故选B。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·山东青岛期末) It’s a great feeling when someone gives you a compliment (赞美), isn’t it？__1__When you compliment someone, he/she will become open and begin to talk with you. How do you give an appropriate compliment, though? It’s important to be sincere and specific about your praise. When someone does an activity or a task particularly well, let him/her know about it by saying “You did a great job！” __2__ For example, “That was a great presentation! I particularly liked the funny examples you used. ” __3__You can use “I like” or “I love” to start compliments, especially if someone wears a new coat or has a new haircut. For example, “I love your hair today” or “I like your skirt”． When you’ve bought something new, it feels great when other people are excited about it. For example, if you take out your new mobile phone and a colleague says, “What a cool phone！”， it makes you feel like you made the right decision to buy it. __4__ Compliment someone on their personalities and you’ll make a new friend. For example, if you like how happy a co-worker is, you can tell him/her, “You are always so happy. It makes my day better. ”__5__ If you like how organized another colleague is, tell him/her, “I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you. ” A．It’s a useful way to start a conversation, too. B．Everyone likes compliments about their appearance. C．Be careful with compliments about appearance, though. D．So, try giving someone a compliment and see their reaction. E．Return the favor by complimenting others on nice things they own. F．To make the compliment more meaningful, make it more specific. G．Use compliments like this for any quality that you appreciate in a person. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章建议读者为与他人很好地开始谈话和沟通，可以对对方的优点进行赞美。 1．答案：A 解析：根据下文“When you compliment someone, he/she will become open and begin to talk with you. ”可知，作者认为赞美对方可以使他/她愿意交谈。由此可知，A项“这也是开始谈话的一种有用的方式。”符合语境。故选A项。 2．答案：F 解析：根据上文“When someone does an activity or a task particularly well, let him/her know about it by saying ‘You did a great job！’”及下文“For example，’That was a great presentation! I particularly liked the funny examples you used. ’”可知，下文的赞美的例子比空前的赞美更具体。由此可知，F项“为了让赞美更有意义，要让它更具体。”符合语境。故选F项。 3．答案：B 解析：根据下文“You can use ‘I like’ or ‘I love’ to start compliments, especially if someone wears a new coat or has a new haircut. For example, ‘I love your hair today’or ‘I like your skirt’．”可知，作者建议读者赞美对方的外表。由此可知，B项“每个人都喜欢别人称赞自己的外表。”符合语境。故选B项。 4．答案：E 解析：根据下文“Compliment someone on their personalities and you’ll make a new friend. For example, if you like how happy a co-worker is, you can tell him/her, ‘You are always so happy. It makes my day better. ’”及“If you like how organized another colleague is, tell him/her, ‘I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you. ’”可知，本段在建议赞美对方所拥有的美好的品质。由此可知，E项“回报你的好意，赞美别人拥有的美好之处。”符合语境。故选E项。 5．答案：G 解析：根据下文“If you like how organized another colleague is, tell him/her, ‘I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you. ’”可知，此处举例赞美你欣赏对方的地方。由此可知，G项“对于你欣赏的人身上的任何品质，你都可以这样赞美。”符合语境，like this呼应下文的举例，appreciate呼应下文I really appreciate和I would love。故选G项。 Ⅲ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·福建福州阶段练习) Being vulnerable (脆弱的) is not a choice. It’s a __1__ in our life. What we do with vulnerability can either open doors to deeper connections, or build walls that __2__ progress and fulfillment. Vulnerability __3__ the state of being exposed to the possibility of being harmed, either physically or emotionally. It’s part of human __4__ because we are vulnerable in some way at all times. We are vulnerable to viruses, accidents, misunderstandings and __5__ caused by whatever reasons. The only choice we really have is whether to __6__ it or not. When some people __7__ that they have no vulnerability, they are hard to develop meaningful social connections with others. They are just __8__. No one likes to spend much time with people who are dishonest or __9__ to open up their feelings. Most of the time, a great friendship starts by __10__ each other’s vulnerability. Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others. In order to protect ourselves, we tend to struggle with __11__. But in fact, when we are vulnerable with people, we have signaled that they can also __12__ share their anxieties. And we don’t have to worry too much about the results because a far more common reaction of people is to respect our __13__ instead of laughing at us. Under this shared circumstance, we become less __14__ by vulnerability and also we __15__ a relationship. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了脆弱是人的本性，我们唯一能做的就是承认自己的脆弱，这样才能有助于我们与他人建立健康的关系。 1．A．secret B．reality C．skill D．purpose 答案：B 解析：根据下文“It’s part of human______because we are vulnerable in some way at all times. ”可知，脆弱是人的本性的一部分，因为我们始终是脆弱的，故此处指脆弱是我们生活中的一种现实情况，故选B。 2．A．report B．reveal C．replace D．prevent 答案：D 解析：根据上文“can either open doors to deeper connections, or build walls”可知，如何处理脆弱决定了我们是打开通往更深的联系的大门，还是筑起高墙，故此处指筑起阻止进步和成就的高墙，故选D。 3．A．refers to B．consists of C．relies on D．sticks to 答案：A 解析：根据空后“the state of being exposed to the possibility of being harmed, either physically or emotionally”可知，空后是对脆弱的解释，故此处指脆弱指的是身体上或情感上被伤害的状态，故选A。 4．A．belief B．error C．rights D．nature 答案：D 解析：根据空后“because we are vulnerable in some way at all times”可知，因为我们在某些方面始终都是脆弱的，故此处指脆弱是人的本性的一部分，故选D。 5．A．memories B．lessons C．experiences D．pains 答案：D 解析：根据空后“caused by whatever reasons”可知，此处指不知道什么原因引起的痛苦，故选D。 6．A．follow B．analyse C．acknowledge D．remove 答案：C 解析：根据下文“Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others. ”可知，下文提到事实上，很难在他人面前承认我们的脆弱，故此处指我们唯一的选择就是是否承认我们的脆弱，故选C。 7．A．claim B．doubt C．celebrate D．neglect 答案：A 解析：根据下文“they are hard to develop meaningful social connections with others”可知，一些人很难与别人培养有意义的社交关系，是因为他们假装自己不脆弱，故此处指他们声称自己不脆弱，故选A。 8．A．hesitating B．complaining C．lying D．waiting 答案：C 解析：根据上文“because we are vulnerable in some way at all times”可知，我们在某些方面始终都是脆弱的，故此处指一些人声称他们不脆弱是在撒谎，故选C。 9．A．motivated B．unwilling C．desperate D．unafraid 答案：B 解析：根据空前“who are dishonest”可知，空前提到没人喜欢和不诚实的人交朋友，故此处指也不喜欢和那些不愿意袒露心扉的人交朋友，故选B。 10．A．blaming B．spreading C．teasing D．exchanging 答案：D 解析：根据上文“No one likes to spend much time with people who are dishonest or ______ to open up their feelings. ”可知，没人喜欢和那些不诚实或者不愿意袒露心扉的人交朋友，故此处指一份友谊通常以交流对方的脆弱开始，故选D。 11．A．criticism B．fear C．anger D．hopelessness 答案：B 解析：根据上文“Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others. ”可知，在他人面前承认自己的脆弱是一件不容易的事情，故此处指为了保护自己，我们往往害怕承认自己的脆弱，故选B。 12．A．surprisingly B．cautiously C．safely D．gratefully 答案：C 解析：根据下文“And we don’t have to worry too much about the results because a far more common reaction of people is to respect our______instead of laughing at us. ”可知，我们不用担心，人们的反应会是尊重我们的勇敢，而不是嘲笑我们，故此处指他们可以安全地和我们分享他们的焦虑，故选C。 13．A．bravery B．humor C．ability D．understanding 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others. ” 可知，在他人面前承认自己的脆弱是一件不容易的事情，故当我们与他人分享脆弱时，他们会尊重我们的勇气，故选A。 14．A．impressed B．affected C．improved D．reminded 答案：B 解析：根据上文“Under this shared circumstance”可知，在这种相互分享自己的脆弱的情况下，我们相互尊重，互相鼓励，故受到脆弱的影响也会变少，故选B。 15．A．stand B．request C．strengthen D．measure 答案：C 解析：根据上文“Under this shared circumstance”可知，在这种相互分享自己的脆弱的情况下，我们相互尊重，互相鼓励，因此这段关系也得到了巩固，故选C。 学生用书第61页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$