UNIT 11 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1 Living in a community-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（北师大版2019）

课时测评8　Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 (时间：45分钟　满分：94.5分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共10分) 1．One should never make public property (财产) one’s private possession. 2．He plugged(把……塞住) the hole in the pipe with an old rag. 3．When you pack (打包) a bag，you put clothes and other things into it，because you are leaving a place or going on holiday. 4．The vote (投票) yesterday appears to mark a turning point in the war. 5．Police arrested (逮捕)five young men in connection with one of the attacks. 6．Henderson recalled (回忆起) that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington. 7．Many people are taking a keen(有强烈兴趣的) interest in the result of the vote. 8．Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote (偏远的) regions to chase their dreams. 9．Fairly terrified of being washed away，James was struggling to grab the edge of the boat. 10．Welfare payments cease as soon as an individual starts a job. 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共5分) 1．They were accused of instigating racial violence(violent). 2．The most common complaint(complain) is about poor service. 3．I went home from the theater and was really bothered(bother)because of hunger. 4．Aside from amusing games and pleasant (please)talks, you can also encourage intimate conversations with your friends. 5．She ignored the warning(warn) signals and did not check the patient’s medical notes. 维度三　完成句子/句式升级(每小题4分，共12分) 1．治疗烧伤的方法也各不相同，这取决于烧伤的程度。(动词-ing形式短语作状语) Treatments applied to burn vary，too，depending on the degree of burn. 2．要不是你去年努力学习，今天你也不会取得如此大的进步。(虚拟语气) If you hadn’t studied hard last year，you wouldn’t have made such great progress today. 3．We don’t doubt that technology will improve the quality of services for the public. →There’s no doubt that technology will improve the quality of services for the public. (no doubt；同位语从句) 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共20分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Drummer Hits the Road Ma Ming，a drummer，often held parties at night，1．which has caused many complaints from his neighbours about 2．loss (lose) of sleep. They said they were being driven mad 3．being exposed (expose) to such noise. Since he moved into the building，they have 4．rarely (rare) got a full night’s sleep. They even couldn’t get 5．relaxed (relax) or read a book without 6．plugging(plug) their ears. Moreover，one neighbour thought Ma Ming had a bad influence 7．on his teenage son. Finally，the local council took action. Ma Ming had to leave his 8．rented (rent) flat. His 9．departure (depart) has made his neighbours’ life return 10．to normal. Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many Smith lives above the McKays. He is a keen gardener，and also a fish 11．collector (collect). The water he sent over his balcony often ended up 12．on the McKays’ floor. It wasn’t only the water 13．that bothered the McKays. They would 14．be sitting (sit) happily reading their newspapers when suddenly so much water would come from above that they would be as wet as if they 15．had showered (shower) with their clothes on！That Saturday was James’ birthday. His wife made him 16．a birthday cake，but before he 17．blew (blow) the candles out，Smith emptied one of his larger tanks over his balcony，so that both the McKays and the cake were wet through. James was so angry that he hit Smith with his 18．walking (walk) stick. After spending a night in a cell，James went back home. He said it was 19．definitely (definite) the most exciting birthday ever. As for Smith，he has promised 20．to change (change) his ways from now on. [素能提升练] Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·江西赣州期末) It was a bright and sunny day. Keegan and I arranged to spend the afternoon at his place. Eager to show me his large collection of toys, he took me to his room. Among all the toys, his most treasured one was a model aeroplane. Keegan said it was a gift from his uncle who worked as a pilot. I wanted to take a closer look so I asked Keegan if I could hold it in my hands. He graciously agreed. Knowing how easily broken the aeroplane was, I carefully removed it from the display cabinet. Just as I was putting it back, I sneezed. “Snap！”One of the wings of the model aeroplane broke in my hands. When Keegan saw this, tears welled up in his eyes. Soon, tears started to roll down his cheeks uncontrollably. With my head hung low, I rushed out of his house as I did not know how to comfort him. For the next few days, I stayed out of Keegan’s way in school. I was worried that he would still be angry with me. Feeling sad without his company, I built up the courage to approach Keegan after school one day. I told Keegan, “I am so sorry for breaking your valuable aeroplane. ” “It’s okay! Our friendship is more important than a toy aeroplane, ”Keegan replied with a smile. I was extremely touched when I heard what he said. I offered to fix the broken wing of the damaged aeroplane. Keegan took me to his house and we fixed it together. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者把好朋友Keegan的飞机模型弄坏并帮他修好的故事。 1．Why did Keegan take the writer to his room? A．To talk about their future jobs. B．To show his large collection of toys. C．To teach the writer to make model aeroplane. D．To offer the writer a model aeroplane as a gift. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Eager to show me his large collection of toys, he took me to his room. ”可知，Keegan邀请作者到家里来的目的是为了看他收藏的大量玩具。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．One of the wings. B．The large collection of toys. C．The display cabinet. D．The model acroplane. 答案：D 解析：代词指代题。根据第一段“Among all the toys, his most treasured one was a model aeroplane. Keegan said it was a gift from his uncle who worked as a pilot. ”可知，作者拿在手里的是这架模型飞机。故此处it指代的就是这架“模型飞机”。故选D。 3．How did the writer feel after he broke the model aeroplane? A．Embarrassed. B．Amazed. C．Touched. D．Shocked. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“With my head hung low, I rushed out of his house as I did not know how to comfort him. ”和第四段“For the next few days, I stayed out of Keegan’s way in school. I was worried that he would still be angry with me. ”可知，作者在摔坏Keegan的模型飞机后，不知如何安慰Keegan，更不敢打扰他。由此推知，作者感到非常的尴尬。故选A。 4．What can we infer from the text? A．The writer lost his best friend forever. B．They fixed the broken model aeroplane together. C．The writer mended his friendship with Keegan. D．The writer said sorry to Keegan immediately. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Our friendship is more important than a toy aeroplane”以及最后一段“I offered to fix the broken wing of the damaged aeroplane. Keegan took me to his house and we fixed it together. ”可推知，作者修好了Keegan的模型飞机，也修复了两人的友谊。故选C。 B There is beauty in each moment of our lives，but often we’re too distracted to notice it. Instead，we spend much of our time worrying about the future or regretting the past，and this habit can have negative consequences for our mental and physical health. That’s why many people today are turning to the practice of mindfulness(正念减压法). Simply put，mindfulness means focusing on the present moment. Let’s say you’re sitting in traffic after a long day’s work. Rather than dwelling on(老是想着)an unpleasant incident that occurred earlier or worrying about your schedule for the next day，you might direct your attention to the sound of the rain drops battering the windshield or to a specific image before you. By directing your attention to the here and now，you automatically shift your focus away from self-image，success，and other stress-inducing concerns. Such a shift in consciousness helps us form more meaningful connections with others and handle problems with greater ease. It also lets us appreciate life’s many little pleasures. So，it’s not surprising that mindfulness has been found to help in the treatment of depression，anxiety，eating disorders，and even physical problems related to stress，such as heart disease，high blood pressure，and upset stomachs. How do you practice mindfulness？While it’s often associated with meditation，you don’t actually need to be in a particular place or position to cultivate it. In fact，it can be incorporated(使并入) into almost any daily activity，including eating，walking，showering，or doing the dishes. Let’s take this last activity as an illustration： Begin by bringing your attention to your breath. Inhale(吸入)through your nose allowing the air to expand your belly，and exhale through your mouth. Notice the sensations as each breath goes in and out. As you engage in the task of washing the dishes，direct your awareness to the scent of the soap，the sound of the running water，and the feel of the suds(肥皂泡沫) between your fingers. Simply be aware of these and any other immediate sensations without forming any judgments about them. At times，this process may not be relaxing，especially when what you’re doing is boring or unpleasant. Nevertheless，by practicing mindfulness，we can learn to accept whatever situations life brings us and，over time develop greater happiness. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生活中的美好时刻在我们身边，但我们常常对它视而不见。我们时常担心未来、悔恨过去。那何不试试用“正念”找回真正的人生。 5．Why is the example of “sitting in traffic” mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To appreciate beauty at the present moment. B．To explain the meaning of mindfulness. C．To describe the traffic accident in the street. D．To attract the readers’ attention to the traffic. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段可推知，作者以sitting in traffic为例，旨在通过举例的方式来进一步解释说明本段主题，即“mindfulness means focusing on the present moment”。故选B项。 6．Which of the following is the benefit of mindfulness? A．Finding out problems in study more easily. B．Helping cure diseases like high blood pressure. C．Allowing us to enjoy small pleasures in life. D．Making friends with other people in the traffic. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It also lets us appreciate life’s many little pleasures. ”可知，正念能让我们享受生活中许多小乐趣。故选C项。 7．From the text，mindfulness can be practised by ________. A．finding a particular place to cultivate it B．bringing our attention to our breath C．burying ourselves in washing the dishes D．putting it to use in our everyday life 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In fact，it can be incorporated(使并入) into almost any daily activity，including eating，walking，showering，or doing the dishes. ”可知，正念可运用到我们的日常生活中。故选D项。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．The reasons why people begin to practise mindfulness. B．The differences between mindfulness and meditation. C．The benefits of mindfulness and the way to practice it. D．The ways we should keep healthy mentally and physically. 答案：C 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段中的“by practicing mindfulness，we can learn to accept whatever situations life brings us and，over time develop greater happiness”可知，本文先介绍了正念减压法的含义和好处，然后告诉我们怎样进行正念减压训练。故选C项。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Criticism is harmful to healthy relationships. __1__ First，work on changing your own behavior. Then，find effective ways to communicate if someone bothers you. Changing Your Behavior ·Think before you speak. __2__ Sometimes，it’s best to let small indiscretions (轻率的行为) go. Try taking a few deep breaths and leaving the room instead of criticizing. ·Separate the individual from their actions. If you work on separating the person from the action，you may naturally want to criticize less. As you realize you cannot judge a person’s character based on a single choice or decision，you will be unable to call someone out for being rude or disrespectful. ·Focus on positives. Oftentimes，being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has shortcomings. However，the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh bad ones. __3__ Communicating More Effectively ·__4__ Some people have issues that may need addressing. However，feedback is very different from criticism. When addressing an issue，focus on suggestions you can make to help another person improve，which is more effective than criticizing. ·Ask for what you want directly. Inefficient communication often results in heavy criticism. __5__ Make sure to ask for what you want in a direct，respectful manner. This will eliminate (消除) the need for criticism. ·Consider the other party’s perspective. If you criticize others too often，you may be shutting out the other person’s point of view. Try to step in another person’s shoes before criticizing and you may get some new and special ideas. A．Give feedback rather than criticism. B．However，there are ways to avoid criticism. C．Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones. D．If you find yourself making assumptions about a person’s character，stop yourself. E．If you’re not telling someone what you want，that person cannot be expected to know. F．Criticism should，ideally，be working towards an effective solution to a negative situation. G．When you want to dish out criticism，pause and consider whether you really need to say anything. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些如何避免批评别人的方法。 1．答案：B 解析：上文“Criticism is harmful to healthy relationships. ”说明人际交往中批评别人不利于关系的健康发展。下文“First，work on changing your own behavior. Then，find effective ways to communicate if someone bothers you. ”给出了一些具体的解决方法。B项“然而，这里有避免批评的方法”承接上文，引起下文，符合语境。故选B项。 2．答案：G 解析：上文“Think before you speak. ”说明该段给出的建议是说话之前应该好好思考。G项是对该段主旨的进一步解释，说明想要批评之前应该先思考，符合语境。故选G项。 3．答案：C 解析：该段主旨句“Focus on positives. ”以及空前“Oftentimes，being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has shortcomings. However，the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh bad ones. ”说明该段主要讲述每个人都有缺点，然而大多数人的优点多于缺点，人们应该多关注别人积极的方面。C项承接上文，其中的“focus on a person’s positive qualities”和段首“Focus on positives. ”相呼应，说明我们应该多关注一个人的积极品质。故选C项。 4．答案：A 解析：小标题Communicating More Effectively说明该部分给出的避免批评的方法是进行有效的沟通。下文“Some people have… which is more effective than criticizing. ”说明该段主要讲述帮助别人解决问题时，反馈并且给出建议比批评更有效。由此可知，A项“给予反馈而不是批评。”概括本段内容，符合语境。故选A项。 5．答案：E 解析：段首句“Ask for what you want directly. ”说明该段主要讲述在有效沟通中需要直接表达自己的需求。上文“Inefficient communication often results in heavy criticism. ”说明无效的沟通会导致批评。下文“Make sure to ask for what you want in a direct，respectful manner. This will eliminate (消除) the need for criticism. ”说明直接提出需求是有效的沟通方式，会消除沟通过程中的批评。E项承上启下，说明在有效沟通中要直接说出自己的需求，否则别人将不会知道，这将导致无效的沟通和批评。故选E项。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·山西阶段练习) In every culture around the world, friendship has been considered as the greatest thing a person can have. Everyone needs a close friendship 1．________ can give us support for both the good and the bad times in life. Friends keep us from feeling lonely, provide us 2．________ a sense of being safe and help whenever things may not end up 3．________ (go) the way we want it to. 4．________(unlucky), sometimes friendship can be a source of pain as well as joy. Like any relationship, friendship can make us feel sad if the trust at the foundation of the relationship 5．________ (break) by either of the friends. For example, if you have ever told a close friend your secret, but he has that secret known by others, you might have 6．________ first feeling of losing trust in a friendship. When experiencing the 7．________ (sad) or loneliness of losing a friendship, you can get out and be active, which helps you keep your mind off the lost friendship, or you can pay much attention to 8．________ (your). If you pay attention to doing things you enjoy, you will have less time to think of your lost friendship. Always remember a strong friendship 9．________ (require) honesty and trust. Even if you are hurt by your friends, it is wise of you 10．________(forget) it and start your new life again. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是友谊的重要性和如何应对失去的友谊。 1．答案：which/that 解析：考查定语从句。空处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为friendship，指物，因此空处用关系代词which或that，故填which/that。 2．答案：with 解析：考查介词。provide sb with sth 是固定短语，意为“给某人提供某物”，因此空处用介词with，故填with。 3．答案：going 解析：考查非谓语动词。end up doing是固定短语，意为“最终做某事”，因此空处用动词-ing形式。故填going。 4．答案：Unluckily 解析：考查词性转换。空处用副词作状语，修饰整句话，unlucky的副词是unluckily，意为“不幸的是”，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Unluckily。 5．答案：is broken 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，if引导的是条件状语从句，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，由by可知，句子用被动语态，因此空处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语trust是不可数名词，因此空处用第三人称单数形式。故填is broken。 6．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。first feeling意为“第一感觉”，此处表示泛指，前面要加不定冠词，first发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 7．答案：sadness 解析：考查词性转换。空处用名词作宾语，sad的名词是sadness，意为“悲伤”，是不可数名词，故填sadness。 8．答案：yourself 解析：考查反身代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“你可以多关注自己”，空处意为“你自己”，用反身代词yourself，故填yourself。 9．答案：requires 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处的句子是祈使句，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语friendship是单数，因此空处用第三人称单数形式，故填requires。 10．答案：to forget 解析：考查非谓语动词。it is wise of sb to do sth是固定句型，意为“某人做某事是明智的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，因此空处用动词不定式。故填to forget。 学生用书第56页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$