UNIT 12 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 形容词 语法串烧 我的发现 　　My school is located in the southern① part of our city. There are many flowers and trees in the schoolyard，so it is very beautiful②. It has three four-storey③ teaching buildings，two six-storey student dormitories，a three-storey office building and a laboratory building. The newly-built④ canteen is at the back of the school. The 300-meter-long⑤ and 200-meter-wide⑥ playground is where we exercise. The students are very diligent⑦，help each other and get along well. The teachers care for the students and are dedicated⑧ to their work. I like my school very much . 上面句中加黑词均为形容词，其中①②⑦⑧分别体现形容词后缀-ern，-ful，-ent，-ed等；③④⑤⑥分别体现复合形容词的构成特点。 学生用书第101页 一、动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀及复合形容词的构成 1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀 后缀 例词 -able accept→acceptable可接受的 comfort→comfortable舒适的 fashion→fashionable时髦的 suit→suitable适合的 reason→reasonable有道理的 -al music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的 person→personal个人的；私人的 center→central中央的；中心的 nature→natural自然的；天生的 -ful doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 harm→harmful有害的 hope→hopeful有希望的 peace→peaceful和平的 -ed scare→scared感到恐惧的 confuse→confused感到困惑的 underline→underlined下划线的 -ing surprise→surprising令人惊奇的 convince→convincing令人信服的 satisfy→satisfying令人满意的 -ible access→accessible可使用的 horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的 -ive act→active积极的；活跃的 effect→effective有效的；生效的 attract→attractive有吸引力的 impress→impressive给人深刻印象的 -ous continue→continuous不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的 caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的 humor→humorous幽默的 -some tire→tiresome令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome麻烦的 -y taste→tasty美味的；可口的 health→healthy健康的 wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的 -ern east→eastern东方的；向东的 -ish child→childish孩子气的 fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的 self→selfish自私的 温馨提示　后缀为-ed的形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人；后缀为-ing的形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰物或事。 2．复合形容词的构成 构成方式 例词 形容词＋动词-ed形式 good-tempered好脾气的 kind-hearted好心肠的 形容词＋动词-ing形式 good-looking好看的 easy-going随和的 副词＋动词-ing形式 hard-working努力工作的 far-reaching影响深远的；广泛的 副词＋动词-ed形式 well-known著名的 wide-spread广泛传播的 名词＋动词-ing形式 peace-loving爱好和平的 English-speaking讲英语的 名词＋动词-ed形式 state-owned国有的 heart-felt衷心的 名词＋形容词 self-confident自信的 self-satisfied自我满足的 ◎巧学活用1——用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Mozi was a very influential (influence) teacher. ②The rain has been continuous(continue) since this morning. 学生用书第102页 ③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little defensive(defend), it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. ④The change in global(globe) climate will undoubtedly influence many areas’ water supply. ⑤If he wants to become a successful(success) singer，he should take some special courses in this area. 二、形容词的功能 1．作定语修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征等。 These are valuable suggestions. 这些是宝贵的建议。 2．作表语与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征。 His suggestions are very valuable. 他的建议很有价值。 3．作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征。 I consider his suggestion very valuable. 我认为他的建议很有价值。 4．作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。 He returned home，safe and sound. 他回到了家，安然无恙。 ◎巧学活用2——完成句子 ①你有足够的时间做这项工作吗？ Do you have sufficient time to do the work? ②我既尴尬又羞愧，做任何事都无法集中精力。请您帮帮我吧！ Embarrassed and ashamed，I can’t concentrate on anything. Please help me! ③你会发现这些饭菜准备起来又快又方便。 You’ll find these meals quick and convenient to prepare. ④事故发生后，她感到孤独和绝望。 After the accident，she felt lonely and hopeless. ⑤小男孩很好奇，伸手去拿包裹。 The little boy was so curious that he reached for the package. 三、形容词转换为副词 类别 例词 直接加-ly clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很；大大地 以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加-ly happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地 以-ble/-le结尾的形容词，去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly很；非常地 gentle→gently温柔地 以-ue结尾的形容词，去掉e再加-ly true→truly真实地 以-ll结尾的形容词，直接加-y full→fully充分地；完全地 dull→dully迟钝地 以-ic结尾的形容词，加-ally basic→basically大体上；基本上 scientific→scientifically科学地 ◎巧学活用3——单句语法填空 ①Inspired by what had become a truly (true) global event，Coubertin designed the symbol of the Games：the Olympic rings. ②Certainly (certain)，I feel very glad because the competition went well and I am satisfied with the result of the rehearsals. ③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally(professional) presented manuscript(原稿). ④She was extremely(extreme) pretty，and her house was a reflection of herself. ⑤It was built originally(original) to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty. 学生用书第103页 四、形容词的比较等级 1．形容词比较级和最高级的变化 规则变化 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加-er或-est tall taller tallest long longer longest 以-e结尾的，只加-r或-st nice nicer nicest fine finer finest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以辅音字母＋y结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 其他双音节词和多音节词 在前面加more或most　 difficult more difficult most difficult beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best bad/ill worse worst old older/elder oldest/eldest little less least far farther(具体) farthest(具体) further(抽象) furthest(抽象) 2．比较等级的用法 (1)as＋形容词的原级 ＋ as… 与not as/so＋形容词的原级表示同级比较。 The book is not so/as difficult as you imagine. 这本书不像你想的那么难。 (2)比较级＋than表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. 研究发现早起锻炼的人要比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。 (3)比较级的特殊结构 ①“the＋比较级… ，the＋比较级… ”表示“越……，就越……” The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 ②“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……” Our city becomes more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。 温馨提示　修饰比较等级的副词有much，even，still，far，a little，a lot，rather 等。more，very 等副词不可修饰比较级。 3．最高级的用法 (1)the＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界上第二大洲。 (2)one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我国最大的城市之一。 (3)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级的意义 I have never read a better book than this. 这是我读过的最好的一本书。 学生用书第104页 ◎巧学活用4——单句语法填空 ①When the house was built，it was much smaller (small) than it is today. ②Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering. ③One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest (fine) work. ④However，as society progresses，the rapid rise in incomes and higher (high) living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional. ⑤Researchers think they are the most complete and earliest (early) wooden structure building foundation in China. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$