UNIT 12 Section Ⅴ Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 12　INNOVATION Section Ⅴ　Lesson 3 内容索引 语篇研读　细梳理 1 语篇助解　释疑难 2 课时测评 5 语基自查　固根基 3 语基讲练　提能力 4 语篇研读　细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading Look at the picture and answer the following question. Do you know the scientist called Stephen Hawking? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Stephen Hawking was born in 1942 in Oxford，UK. He liked maths and science best at school. And he was interested in how things work. When he was 21，Stephen got a serious illness. He couldn’t walk or speak. He had to sit in a wheelchair and speak through a computer. But he didn’t give up. Stephen became a great scientist through his hard work. He enjoyed writing. One of his most famous books is A Briefer History of Time. Stephen Hawking was a bright star in the world of science. Sadly，this star went out in March，2018．He died at his home at the age of 76.　 Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ．Read for the main idea What’s the main idea of the text? A．It mainly analyses Stephen Hawking’s theory. B．It mainly describes Stephen Hawking’s achievements. C．It mainly introduces the great physicist Stephen Hawking. D．It mainly summarizes Stephen Hawking’s influence on human. √ Ⅱ．Match the main idea with each part Part 1(Para. 1) 　 A．Hawking’s assessment of himself. Part 2(Paras. 2—7) B．To sum up Stephen Hawking’s life. Part 3(Para. 8) C．Introduce Hawking’s life experience and achievement in detail. Ⅲ．Read for the structure greatest　 physics　 illness　 In 2005　 ideas　 curious　 unlucky　 Ⅳ．Read for details 1．When was he diagnosed with his illness? A．His first year at the University of Oxford. B．After he found a job in Cambridge. C．After he raised the idea of black holes. D．His first year at the University of Cambridge. 2．Which of the following words can best describe Stephen Hawking? A．Talented and optimistic. B．Talented and pessimistic. C．Discouraged and pessimistic. D．Unlucky and pessimistic. √ √ 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Hawking was satisfied with his life when he first knew his disease. B．Although Hawking had a serious disease，he still had a wonderful and meaningful life. C．Hawking has millions of fans in both China and England. D．Hawking travelled around the world to attend TV shows. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce Hawking’s life to help people remember him. B．To introduce Hawking’s famous theory about the universe. C．To tell us the brightest star Hawking died. D．To describe Hawking’s serious physical disease. √ √ Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ．难句解构         尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ _________________________________ 　　　　　　21岁那年，是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症。　 Ⅱ．佳句写作 1．教材佳句　On 14 March，2018，one of the world’s most influential scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，aged 76．(人物介绍) 学后仿写　出生于1911年的杭州，钱学森在北京上学，然后进入上海交通大学，转到航空专业。 ________________________, Qian Xuesen attended schools in Beijing, then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University and switched his major to aviation. Born in Hangzhou in 1911　 2．教材佳句　At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics, Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people：“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet… be curious. ”(语言描写) 学后仿写　“你完成作业了吗？如果没有，你一个星期都不能看动画片，”露西的妈妈说。 “Did you finish your homework？________, you can’t watch cartoons for a week，” said Lucy’s mother. If not　 Ⅲ．品质升华 1．What do you think this saying by Stephen Hawking means：“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet… be curious. ”(Critical Thinking批判性思维) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It means that we should not focus on our everyday lives and worry too much about unimportant matters. We should think on a larger scale and be curious about nature and the simple things of life.　 返回 2．What kind of person is Stephen Hawking？What is the definition of scientific spirit？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ①We saw the determination and devotion to accuracy and truth on the part of Stephen Hawking from his youngest days through the decades he fought for his body while his mind progressed into the arena of geniuses.　 ②The definition of scientific spirit is to, above all else, be willing and able to grasp a problem or a question and not let go of it until knowledge, creative power, and collaboration have brought a clear answer. Then this same mind must believe in its findings enough to bravely present them，prove, and perfect them for the betterment of the quality and sustainability of life all over the world. It is to look squarely, ask questions, and never give up trying.　 语篇助解　释疑难 返回 ①influential/ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/adj. 有影响力的，有势力的 ②theoretical/θɪəˈretɪkəl/adj. 理论的 ③cosmology/kɒzˈmɒlədʒi/n. 宇宙论，宇宙学 ④overcome/ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/vt. 克服(困难)，控制(感情) ；征服，战胜 ⑤challenge/ˈtʃælɪndʒ/n. 挑战v. 向……挑战 原文呈现 名师圈点 STEPHEN HAWKING On 14 March，2018，one of the world’s most influential① scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，aged 76[1]. Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant work in theoretical② physics and cosmology③，but also for overcoming④ the challenges⑤ of ALS(a disease that affects muscle control). [1]此处为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词Stephen Hawking。 ⑥at the age of在……岁时 原文呈现 名师圈点 Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January，1942，in Oxford. He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959．At the age of⑥ 21，when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge[2]，physicians discovered he had a rare，slow-progressing form of ALS. He was only expected to live for a few years. [2]此处when引导时间状语从句。 ⑦rather than而不是 ⑧as a result结果 原文呈现 名师圈点 Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge. In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse，but he was allowed to do research only rather than⑦ teach，which was easier for him[3]. In 1985，he had to have an operation. As a result⑧，he lost his speech. Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment that allowed him to speak. However，as his illness became worse，he lost the use of his hands. [4] [3]此处which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词research。 [4]此处as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。 ⑨decline/dɪˈklaɪn/vi. 减少，降低 ⑩cease/siːs/vi. 停止 ⑪a number of若干，一些；许多 ⑫separate from分离；把……和……分开 原文呈现 名师圈点 Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined⑨ over decades[5]，he never ceased⑩ his studies and he developed a number of⑪ new ideas about black holes. Hawking believed that the birth of the universe (the “Big Bang”) created many small black holes. His theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole[6]. This hole led to another universe，completely separate from⑫ our own. [5]此处Although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 [6]此处that引导表语从句。 原文呈现 Hawking also wrote books. His 1988 book，A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes，sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth. However，many people could not really understand what he had written[7]. Therefore，Hawking decided to write a simpler version，A Briefer History of Time (2005). [7]此处what引导宾语从句。 ⑬instead of代替 原文呈现 名师圈点 In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe[8]. Instead of⑬ trying to find one big new explanation，scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have[9]. [8]此处为动词不定式作目的状语，修饰名词a different way。 [9]此处that引导定语从句。 ⑭look up at抬头看；往上看 ⑮in spite of虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……) ⑯expectation/ˌekspekˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 期待，预期；期望，指望 expect/ɪkˈspekt/v. 期待；预计；要求，指望 ⑰bonus/ˈbəʊnəs/n. 意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利 ⑱because of因为；由于 原文呈现 名师圈点 At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics，Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people：“Look up at⑭ the stars and not down at your feet… be curious. ” In spite of⑮ his disease，Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man. He said it had not prevented him from having a family，and being successful in his work. “My expectations⑯ were reduced to zero when I was 21．Everything since then has been a bonus⑰. ”And he believed this was because of⑱ the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations. 译文参考 斯蒂芬·霍金 2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病) 的挑战而令人敬佩。 1942年1月8日斯蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津，1959 年进入牛津大学学习物理学。21岁那年，是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预计他只能再活几年。 后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了说话能力。很快，医生为他开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是，随着他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。 尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，并且对黑洞有了许多新的想法。霍金认为宇宙诞生时(即“宇宙大爆炸”) 创造了许多小黑洞。他的理论是，在黑洞的中心还有一种洞，这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。 霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此，霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间简史》(2005)。 在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著) 一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。与其说尝试寻找一个全新的解释，科学家们不如把他们已经有的想法汇集起来。 在2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。” 尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有阻碍他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠。”他认为自己所取得的一切都因为他受到了来自家人、许多人和组织的帮助。 返回 语基自查　固根基 返回 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．a very grand house　　　 非常_________房子 2．Newton’s law of gravity 牛顿万有_______定律 3．cosmology system _________体系 宏伟的　 引力　 宇宙论　 ◎核心单词——练通 1．___________ her fear 克服她的恐惧 2．__________ sharply 急剧下降 3．an added ________ of the new job 新工作的额外的好处 overcome　 decline　 bonus　 ◎拓展单词——用活 _____________ adj. 理论的→theory n．理论；原理；学说 theoretical　 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．在……岁时 _____________ 2．结果 ____________ 3．分离；把……和……分开 ______________ 4．因为；由于 ____________ 5．虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……) ____________ at the age of　 as a result　 separate from　 because of　 in spite of　 第二组　英译汉 6．rather than _________ 7．a number of ___________________ 8．instead of _______ 9．lead to _____________ 10．look up at _________________ 而不是　 若干，一些；许多　 代替　 导致；通向　 抬头看；往上看　 ◎典型句式——默背 1．句型公式　动词-ed形式短语作后置定语 教材原句　On 14 March，2018，one of the world’s most influential scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，_________(享年76岁). 2．句型公式　as引导时间状语从句 教材原句　However，__________________________(随着他的病情继续恶化)，he lost the use of his hands. aged 76　 as his illness became worse　 3．句型公式　what引导名词性从句 教材原句　However，many people could not really understand ___________ _________(他写的内容). 4．句型公式　动词不定式作目的状语 教材原句　In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way __________________________ _______________(去发现宇宙最深处的秘密). what he had 　 written 　 to discover the deepest secrets of the universe　 返回 语基讲练　提能力 返回 1　overcome vt. 克服(困难)，控制(感情) ；征服，战胜 (教材原句) Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology，but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control). 霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病) 的挑战而令人敬佩。 overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems/resistance 克服困难/障碍/难题/阻力 be overcome by/with 被……压倒/制服 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 单句语法填空/应用文写作之表达愿望 ①The girl appeared to be overcome _______ homesickness! ②He was then overcome _____ a terrible fit of coughing. ③我希望你会努力克服这个困难，无论有多难。 I hope you will make efforts to _____________________，no matter how hard it is. with　 by　 overcome the difficulty　 2　decline vi. 减少，降低；拒绝 (教材原句) Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes. 尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，并且对黑洞有了许多新的想法。 (1) be in decline 处于下降、衰退中 on the decline 在衰退，在减少 (2) decline by/to 下降了/到…… decline to do sth 拒绝做某事 温馨提示　表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。 单句语法填空/应用文写作之建议信 ①The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined _____ 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests. ②As the economy was _____ decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs. ③It makes me very sad，because I see that things are _____ the decline. ④霍华德拒绝来，既然那样，我们可以请别人帮我们克服困难。 Howard has _________________ and in that case we can ask somebody else to help us overcome the difficulties. by　 in　 on　 declined to come　 1．一词多义——overcome A．征服，战胜　B．克服(困难) 　C．受到……的极大影响 ①She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal. ____ ②In the final game Sweden easily overcame France. ____ ③Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral. ____ 2．熟词生义 ①It’ll cost you five grand! _________________ ②I don’t think you realise the gravity of the situation. ___________ 认知深化 B　 A　 C　 n. 一千美元/英镑　 n. 严重性　 句型公式：what引导名词性从句 (教材原句) However，many people could not really understand what he had written. 然而，许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。 (1) what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当句子成分，主要作主语、表语和宾语。 (2) 可以译成多种意思： ①……的东西或事情；……的人或样子； ②……的数量或数目； ③……的时间； ④……的地方等。 Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 单句语法填空/应用文写作之学校生活 ①The student completed this experiment to make come true _______ Professor Joseph had said. ②I lived in _______ you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. ③一个新体育馆在曾经的荒地上被建了起来。 A new stadium was built on _________________________. what　 what　 what used to be a wasteland　 返回 课时测评 返回 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共6分) 1．He is consciously trying to ___________(克服) his weakness. 2．Matter plays a central role in ____________(宇宙学). 3．The wedding was a very ________(隆重的) occasion. 4．The number of tourists to the resort __________(减少) by 10% last year. 5．She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash ________(奖金). 6．The stone rolled down the mountain by g_______. 语境基础练 overcome　 cosmology　 grand　 declined　 bonus　 ravity　 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共9分) 1．I would stay at home rather _______ go shopping with you. 2．I want advice that’s realistic rather than ____________(theory). 3．The scientist has made great achievements so we all look _____ to him. 4．_____ spite of the fog，the crew can distinguish the coastline fairly well. 5．She ___________(overcome) injury to win the Olympic gold medal last year. 6．In spite of many invitations，he would always decline __________(visit) Oxford. than　 theoretical　 up　 In　 overcame　 to visit　 7．We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated _______ practice. 8．Every day ____ number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower dating back to as early as 800 years ago. 9．Regardless of the risk of getting infected，Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job. As _____ result，he deserves our respect. from　 a　 a　 维度三　完成句子(每小题4分，共20分) 1．这个旨在帮助无家可归者的项目成立了。(动词-ed形式短语作后置定语) The program，___________________________，was set up. 2．随着高考的临近，我们正忙着为它做充分的准备。(as引导时间状语从句) ___________________________________________，we are busy making full preparations for it. intended to help the homeless　 As the College Entrance Examination approaches　 3．为了赢得比赛，所有运动员一直在刻苦训练。(动词不定式作目的状语) ________________，all the players keep training hard. 4．除了学业学习之外，我总是挤出时间做我感兴趣的事情。(what引导名词性从句) Apart from my academic studies，I always manage to find time for _______ _________________. 5．这是我们目前所能采取的唯一措施。(that引导定语从句) That’s the only step ____________________________. To win the game　 what I’m interested in 　 that we can take at the moment　 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Stephen Hawking was born in 1942．He studied at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge，1．______ at the age of 21，he 2．______________ (diagnose) with a serious disease. However，he finished his education and got a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and continued his work in 3．_____________(theory) physics and cosmology. While his reputation for his work spread，his physical ability got 4．________(bad). but　 was diagnosed　 theoretical　 worse　 In 1985，after 5．__ operation，he started to use a piece of speech-generating equipment 6．_________(help) him talk. However，Hawking never ceased his studies and he continued to develop his theories on the universe. Hawking believed that he was not an 7．__________(lucky) person. From his diagnosis at 21 he regarded everything since then 8．____ a bonus. He was proud of his family and his work，and he appreciated the help that many people had given him. On 14 March，2018，one of the world’s most influential 9．__________ (scientist)，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，10．_______ (age) 76. an　 to help　 unlucky　 as　 scientists　 aged　 素能提升练 Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Tomatoes are common in daily life. Cat hie Martin，British scientist，has been working on developing purple tomatoes for years. Though the color is unusual，now this special kind of tomatoes has very high levels of antioxidants (AOS，抗氧化剂). AOS are found naturally in plants like blueberries and red cabbage. Scientists believe AOS may help prevent heart disease and help fight against diseases like diabetes(糖尿病). But tomatoes naturally only have a small amount of AOS in them. Martin wanted to see if she could create tomatoes with lots of AOS by changing the DNA of a tomato plant. A plant developed from specially created DNA is known as a GMO(转基因生物). Martin added two genes(基因) from a plant called snapdragon. Soon her plants were producing small purple tomatoes with lots of AOS. Even better，the tomatoes remained fresh almost twice as long as normal tomatoes. Martin and other scientists further tested the tomatoes on mice that were likely to get cancer. The mice that were fed the purple tomatoes lived about 30% longer than those fed normal tomatoes. Though that’s good news，experiments on mice don’t always predict what effects on humans will be the same. We need to see more experiments about it. GMOs were first allowed in America in the late 1990s. But GMO products weren’t popular with customers. Many people were scared by the idea that the foods weren’t natural or safe. There’re still questions about the effects of GMO crops on the environment. However，scientists deny these claims. Even so，many people have concerns about them. Because of these concerns，most GMO products created over the last 20 years have focused on helping farmers rather than attracting customers. Anyway，on September 7,2022，the US approved the purple tomatoes，which is the first time it has approved a GMO plant designed to target human health. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的紫色番茄在美国获得批准种植和销售。科学家通过改变某种番茄的DNA增加了它们的抗氧化剂，使这种番茄可以保存更久，并有助于人们的健康。 1．Why did Martin experiment on purple tomatoes? A．Tomatoes are available easily. B．Tomatoes have a special color. C．Tomatoes don’t have enough AOS. D．Tomatoes can stop some diseases. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But tomatoes naturally only have a small amount of AOS in them. Martin wanted to see if she could create tomatoes with lots of AOS by changing the DNA of a tomato plant. ”可知，番茄本身只有少量的抗氧化剂。马丁想通过改变番茄植株的DNA来培育出含有大量抗氧化剂的西红柿。故选C。 √ 2．What’s the author’s attitude to the test on the mice? A．Favorable. B．Unclear. C．Unsupportive. D．Doubtful. 观点态度题。根据第三段中的“Though that’s good news，experiments on mice don’t always predict what effects on humans will be the same. We need to see more experiments about it. ”可知，作者对此实验目前心存怀疑。故选D。 √ 3．What does the underlined word “so” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The environment affects GMO foods. B．The customers do not like GMO foods. C．GMO products are used to help farmers. D．Scientists think GMO products are safe. 代词指代题。第四段提到“But GMO products weren’t popular with customers. Many people were scared by the idea that the foods weren’t natural or safe. There’re still questions about the effects of GMO crops on the environment. However，scientists deny these claims. ”再结合该词后面的“many people have concerns about them”可知，这里指的是：即使科学家认为转基因食物是安全的，但是很多人对此仍然很担心。故选D。 √ 4．What’s the suitable title for the text? A．Different DNA Can Benefit Plant Growth B．Scientists Are Changing DNA of Tomatoes C．Tomatoes with Changed DNA Are Approved D．Human Health Depends on Changed DNA 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种新的紫色番茄在美国获得批准种植和销售。科学家通过改变某种番茄的DNA增加了它们的抗氧化剂，使这种番茄可以保存更久，并有助于人们的健康，C项“转基因西红柿被批准上市”最适合作文章标题。故选C。 √ B (2024· 河北唐山阶段练习) When you go running in the woods in your running tights, elastane (氨纶) is the reason why they fit you so comfortably. Elastane is an elastic material that allows the fabric to stretch and adapt to your body. But when elastane fibres are mixed with cotton, wool, nylon or other fibres, as is the case in many clothes today, the clothes become almost impossible to recycle. It is extremely difficult to separate out the different fibres, and therefore the materials in the clothes cannot be recycled. But this may change, says Assistant Professor Steffan Kvist Kristensen from the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center at Aarhus University. Together with a number of colleagues, he is behind a new technology that can separate out fibres in mixed fabrics. “We’ve developed a method to remove elastane completely from nylon. We’re not quite there yet with cotton, because some of the cotton fibres are broken down in the process. But we believe that, with some minor adjustments, we can solve this problem，” he says. It is not easy to separate elastane and other fibres once they have been woven(编织) together. Clothes are made by winding the main fibres, such as nylon or cotton, around the elastane fibres, which consist of long chains of molecules (分子). The fibres only break apart if we break the long chains of molecules, explains Steffan Kvist Kristensen. By heating the clothes to 225 degrees Celsius and adding a specific alcohol, the researchers have found a method to break down the bonds in elastane chain. When this happens, the chains fall apart and the materials separate. “The whole process takes place in what is in effect a large pressure cooker that we feed the clothes into. We then add a little alcohol and a potassium hydroxide(氢氧化钾) base and heat it up. Then we let it cook for just over four hours, and when we open the lid again, the different fibres will have been separated. ” says Steffan Kvist Kristensen. So far, Steffan Kvist Kristensen and his colleagues have only experimented with two nylon stockings at a time. The technology is therefore not yet ready for application at industrial scale. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员开发了新技术，可以从混合织物中分离出纤维，让这些材料能够再次回收利用。 5．What can we learn about elastane from the passage? A．It is an eco-friendly material. B．It is a kind of stretchable fabric. C．It makes the clothes far from recycling. D．It is made up of short chains of molecules. 细节理解题。根据第二段“But when elastane fibres are mixed with cotton, wool, nylon or other fibres, as is the case in many clothes today, the clothes become almost impossible to recycle. ”可知，氨纶使得衣服难以回收。故选C。 √ 6．Why is a pressure cooker used in the experiment according to the text? A．To separate more fibres. B．To reduce the heating time. C．To increase the temperature to 225 ℃. D．To ensure the safety of the experiment. 推理判断题。根据第六段“Then we let it cook for just over four hours, and when we open the lid again, the different fibres will have been separated”可推知，在实验中使用压力锅是为了减少加热时间。故选B。 √ 7．What can be inferred about this new technology? A．It can separate all sorts of fibres. B．It needs plenty of energy to work. C．There is a long way before it is widely used. D．There is no possibility to separate elastane from cotton. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“So far, Steffan Kvist Kristensen and his colleagues have only experimented with two nylon stockings at a time. The technology is therefore not yet ready for application at industrial scale. ”可推知，新技术距离广泛应用还有很长的路要走。故选C。 √ 8．What is Steffan Kvist Kristensen’s attitude to this new technology? A．Satisfied. B．Confident. C．Critical. D．Unclear. 观点态度题。根据第四段“‘We’ve developed a method to remove elastane completely from nylon. We’re not quite there yet with cotton, because some of the cotton fibres are broken down in the process. But we believe that, with some minor adjustments, we can solve this problem，’ he says. ”可推知，Steffan Kvist Kristensen对这项新技术充满信心。故选B。 √ Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·江西南昌阶段练习) A Pen That Draws in Any Color The Scribble is a magical pen that can scan colors and instantly reproduce the colors. Hold the Scribble’s scanner up to any color, and within a second that color is stored in its memory. 　1　. Who can use the Scribble? Children will love the Scribble because it can create different colors, replacing even their biggest box of crayons (蜡笔). Besides, anyone working with color in their professional lives, such as artists, will be able to scan and reproduce colors instantly. 　2　. Green! One of the most important characteristics of the Scribble is that, since it can reproduce any color, it replaces marking pens, greatly reducing the huge amount of plastic waste. What’s inside the Scribble? There will be two different versions of the Scribble, the Scribble K and the Scribble S．The K will be able to reproduce exact colors on paper. It includes a color sensor and a rechargeable battery. 　3　 The S looks exactly the same as the K, but it is intended for use on screen. How did we create the Scribble? We’ve been in the design process for two years and the Scribble has gone through various design changes to get it to where we are now. Because of its small size we have created some ideas never seen before in the color reproduction industry. 　4　. 　5　 Without your likes, the Scribble couldn’t make it so far. Please make sure to bookmark our website and check back often to see the progress as well as the updated times for production and delivery of your Scribble. A．What’s the Scribble’s best color? B．What do we need the Scribble for? C．It’s the best birthday gift you may choose for your kids. D．Be grateful for your concern about the Scribble. E．There is 1 GB of internal memory that will store over 100,000 colors. F．We created the Scribble for YOU and want you to be a part of the process. G．Once stored, that color can be used to draw on paper or on a digital screen. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款可以画出任何颜色的笔——Scribble。 A Pen That Draws in Any Color The Scribble is a magical pen that can scan colors and instantly reproduce the colors. Hold the Scribble’s scanner up to any color, and within a second that color is stored in its memory. ___________________________________ _____ __________________________ G．Once stored, that color can be used to draw on paper or on a digital screen. 根据上文“The Scribble is a magical pen that can scan colors and instantly reproduce the colors. Hold the Scribble’s scanner up to any color, and within a second that color is stored in its memory. ”可知，上文介绍了Scribble这种笔具有扫描颜色并复制颜色的功能，并说Scribble的扫描器能在一秒钟内将颜色存储在内存中，空处应承接上文，讲述存储之后的情况，G项“一旦储存起来，这种颜色就可以用来在纸上或数字屏幕上画画。”符合语境。故选G。 Who can use the Scribble? Children will love the Scribble because it can create different colors, replacing even their biggest box of crayons (蜡笔). Besides, anyone working with color in their professional lives, such as artists, will be able to scan and reproduce colors instantly. ___________________________________ A．What’s the Scribble’s best color? 　 根据下文“Green! One of the most important characteristics of the Scribble is that, since it can reproduce any color, it replaces marking pens, greatly reducing the huge amount of plastic waste. ”可知，本段主要讲述了使用Scribble有助于环保，本段首句“Green！”是对空处问题的回答，green既有“环保”的意思，也有“绿色”的意思，这里一语双关，由此可知，A项“Scribble最好的颜色是什么？”符合语境。故选A。 Green! One of the most important characteristics of the Scribble is that, since it can reproduce any color, it replaces marking pens, greatly reducing the huge amount of plastic waste. What’s inside the Scribble? There will be two different versions of the Scribble, the Scribble K and the Scribble S．The K will be able to reproduce exact colors on paper. It includes a color sensor and a rechargeable battery. ________________________________ ________________________________ The S looks exactly the same as the K, but it is intended for use on screen. E．There is 1 GB of internal memory that will store over 100,000 colors. 根据上文“It includes a color sensor and a rechargeable battery. ”可知，前文讲述了Scribble K的内部构成，所以空处应承接上文，补充说明，E项“有1 GB的内部内存，可存储超过100 000种颜色。”符合语境。故选E。 How did we create the Scribble? We’ve been in the design process for two years and the Scribble has gone through various design changes to get it to where we are now. Because of its small size we have created some ideas never seen before in the color reproduction industry. ____________________________________________ ______________________ F．We created the Scribble for YOU and want you to be a part of the process. 根据该段标题“How did we create the Scribble？”可知，本段介绍的是Scribble的创造过程。根据上文“Because of its small size we have created some ideas never seen before in the color reproduction industry. ”可知，此处指在色彩复制行业创造了前所未有的想法，空处应承接上文，讲述其他有关the Scribble的创造，F项“我们为你创造了Scribble，并希望你成为该过程的一部分。”符合语境。故选F。 ____________________________________________ Without your likes, the Scribble couldn’t make it so far. Please make sure to bookmark our website and check back often to see the progress as well as the updated times for production and delivery of your Scribble. D．Be grateful for your concern about the Scribble.　 根据下文“Without your likes, the Scribble couldn’t make it so far. ”可知，下文对使用者的点赞表示感激，由此可知，空处应对关注Scribble的人表示感谢，D项“感谢你对Scribble的关注。”符合语境。故选D。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·福建莆田三模) Chinese scientists have started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma. 1．______ total of 170 scientists have begun to do research on water, ecology and human activity, aiming 2．___________(reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimize the ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A　 to reveal　 3．_________________(label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China. It is also a natural laboratory for 4．___________(conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life, and the relationship between man and Earth. 5．_______ an important part of the research, the ongoing expedition is 6．_____________(particular) important to the study of the impact of climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world. Labeled/Labelled　 conducting　 As　 particularly　 The expedition focuses on major scientific 7．______(issue), such as how the extreme high-altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming, according to Yao Tandong, 8．____ is the team leader. “The expedition has realized the 9．____________ (transform) from ‘I want to conquer you’ to ‘I want to understand you’，achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence，”he said. So far, many scientific achievements 10．_________________(make). 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学家已开始对珠穆朗玛峰进行多方位科学考察，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。 issues　 who　 transformation　 have been made　 1．答案：A 考查冠词。固定短语a total of 意为“总共”，句首单词首字母大写。故填A。 2．答案：to reveal 考查非谓语动词。固定短语aim to do sth 意为“旨在做某事”，reveal用动词不定式形式。故填to reveal。 3．答案：Labeled/Labelled 考查非谓语动词。label和逻辑主语the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau之间是被动关系，应用动词-ed形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Labeled/Labelled。 4．答案：conducting 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词for的宾语，应用动词-ing形式。故填conducting。 5．答案：As 考查介词。根据句意可知此处表示“作为”，后跟名词短语，所以用介词as，句首单词首字母大写。故填As。 6．答案：particularly 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词作状语，修饰形容词important。故填particularly。 7．答案：issues 考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语，所以用名词形式，issue为可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词复数形式。故填issues。 8．答案：who 考查定语从句。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yao Tandong，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。 9．答案：transformation 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语，用名词形式，transformation为不可数名词。故填transformation。 10．答案：have been made 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知，用现在完成时，主语many scientific achievements和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为复数，所以助动词用have。故填have been made。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$