UNIT 11 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE Section Ⅲ　Grammar(1) 情态动词 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 精研语法　巧点拨 2 课时测评 3 初识语法　品语篇 返回 语法串烧 Last night, I was writing my papers on the computer when suddenly it broke down. Since I couldn’t ①fix it myself, I had to call a colleague who is expert at the computer to ask for help. When I got through, he said he was free and would② like to come to my house to help. When he arrived, he turned on the computer, checked it out, and said there might③ be something wrong with the circuit. After about half an hour, he fixed the computer. I thanked him, but he said I needn’t④ because people should help each other. 我的发现 返回 黑体部分均为情态动词，其中_____表示能力；_____表示主观愿望或意志；_____表示对过去已经发生的行为的推测；_____用作情态动词，意为“不必”。 ①　 ②　 ③　 ④　 精研语法　巧点拨 返回 一、情态动词概述 1．情态动词的类型 (1) 只作情态动词的有：must，can(could)，may(might)，ought to。 (2) 可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need，dare。 (3) 可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：shall(should)，will(would)。 (4) 具有情态动词的某些特征的有：be able to，have(has) to，used to，had better。 2．情态动词的特征 (1) 有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，它们要和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。 (2) 适用于主语的各种人称(have to和be able to例外)。 (3) 后接动词原形。 二、情态动词的基本用法 1．表示能力(can/could/be able to) (1) can表示一般的能力，could泛指过去的能力。 Mary can speak three languages. 玛丽能说3门语言。 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. 此外，它还可以为医院、餐厅或学校等更大的受众提供服务。 (2) can在时态上只有现在时和过去时两种，而be able to则有更多的时态；be able to强调“通过努力有能力做到”，如果表示“已经成功做成”应用was/were able to，而不用could。 The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 尽管这场大火很快蔓延到整个大楼，但是每个人都逃出去了。 2．表示请求、允许、允诺(can/could/may/might/shall/will/would) (1) 表示请求、允许时，在一般疑问句中could可以代替can，但could表示的语气更委婉，答语要用can。 —Can/Could I have a look at your new pen? ——我可以看一下你的新钢笔吗？ —Yes，you can. ——可以。 (2) may表示请求、允许，意为“可以”。might表示的语气更委婉。might可以指过去的时间，也可指现在的时间。其疑问句的否定回答为I’m afraid not或mustn’t。 May/Might I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？ (3) shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall I/he go to see you? 我/他去看你，好吗？ (4) shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话者的意志，用来表示说话者给对方的命令、指示、允诺。此种用法还可以用来宣布法律、规定。 You shall get a new bike if you pass the coming examination. 如果你通过了即将举行的考试，你会得到一辆新自行车。(允诺) Each student shall wear the school uniform. 每个学生都要穿校服。(宣布规定) (5) will表示请求、建议，用于疑问句，常与第二人称连用。 Will you close the window？It’s a bit cold. 请把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。 (6) would用于第二人称，表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法，比will更为客气。 Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？ 3．表示必要性(must/need/should/ought to) (1) must表示必要、命令或强制，意为“必须，应该”(指说话人的主观意志)。在回答must引导的疑问句时，如果是否定的回答，通常不用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。 (2024·浙江1月卷) Books must be returned within a month. 书籍必须在一个月内归还。 (2) need用作情态动词时，没有词形的变化，后面跟不带to的动词不定式(即跟动词原形)，通常用于否定句和疑问句中。 —Must I give up smoking？我必须戒烟吗？ —Yes，you must. 是的，你必须戒。 —No，you needn’t/don’t have to. 不，你不必戒。 (3) should表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。 You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 (4) ought to表示义务，意为“应该”，表达的语气比should更重。 You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他的父亲。你应当照顾他。 4．表示意愿或勇气(will/would/dare) (1) will表示主观意志、意愿，用于各种人称的陈述句。 He will/would take you home. 他愿意送你回家。 (2) would作为will的过去式，用于过去时中，表示主观愿望或意志。 I said I would do my best to help you. 我说过我愿意尽我最大努力来帮你。 (3) dare作情态动词时主要用于否定句、疑问句以及条件句中，没有人称和数的变化，但有过去式dared，另外，它还可作实义动词。 She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 5．表示推测(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to) (1) can/could表示可能性，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 He can’t have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买一辆新车。 (2) may/might表示推测时主要用于肯定句或否定句中，might的可能性比may更小。 There may be another problem that we don’t know about. 可能有我们不知道的另一个问题。 Life is unpredictable；even the poorest may/might become the richest. 人生难以预料，即便是最穷的人也有可能成为最富有的人。 (3) must表示有把握的推测，意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句中。对目前情况的推测用must do；对正在发生的事情的推测用must be doing；对过去情况的推测用must have done。 You must be hungry after a long walk. 走了那么长的路你一定饿了。 Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet. 昨天一定有人用了我的伞，我发现它湿了。 (4) should表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。 —I’ll come for the books he sent me tomorrow morning. OK? ——我明天上午来取他寄给我的书。好吗？ —OK. They should be here by that time. ——好的。到那时它们按道理应该到了。 (5) would表示预料或猜想，意为“也许，大概”。 It would be ten when he left home.他离开家时大概是十点钟。 (6) ought to表示推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较强。 If he started out at nine，he ought to be here by now. 他如果九点出发，现在应该到这里了。 ◎巧学活用1——用适当的情态动词填空 ①Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. ②In today’s information age，the loss of data ______ cause serious problems for a company. ③It’s especially important that every piece of equipment ________ be checked before the experiment. ④I’m sorry，but you ______ go wrong. There’s no such man here. ⑤Students ______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected according to the regulation. can　 can　 should　 must　 shall　 三、情态动词的特殊用法 1．can的特殊用法 (1) 表示可能性(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。 On such a rainy day，accidents can happen. 在这样的雨天，有时会发生事故。 (2) cannot… too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好”。 You can’t be too careful while driving. 开车时越小心越好。 2．may的特殊用法 (1) may well＋动词原形，意为“很可能，完全能”。 Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her. 她的模样变化如此之大，你很有可能认不出她了。 (2) may as well＋动词原形，意为“最好，蛮可以，不妨，干脆”。 We may as well stay where we are. 我们待在现在的地方倒也不错。 3．must的特殊用法 must表示“偏要，硬要”做某事，指令人不快的事情。 The car must break down just when we were about to start off. 我们正要出发的时候偏偏车坏了。 4．should的特殊用法 should多用于疑问句中，表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事，常与why或how连用，意为“竟会”。 I find it astonishing that John should be so rude to me. 约翰竟然这样粗鲁地对待我，我感到很震惊。 5．will/would的特殊用法 will/would表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“经常，惯于，总是”。will用来叙述目前的习惯；would表示过去的习惯。 Rose will always be late for school. 罗斯上学总是迟到。 He would get up early when he lived in the country. 他住在乡下时总是早起。 ◎巧学活用2——用适当的情态动词填空 ①You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _________ be so rude to a lady. ②—Mary knows the city quite well. —She ______ well have been there before. ③I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. ④—Excuse me，do you mind if I open the window? —Well，if you _______. I can put on more clothes. should　 may　 would　 must　 1．must have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，常用于肯定句。 Jack described his father，who must have been a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man. 杰克把他的父亲描述成一个意志坚强的人，他认为多年前他的父亲一定是个勇敢的男孩。 四、“情态动词＋have done”的用法 2．can/could have done表示本来能够做某事而实际上没有做；can’t/ couldn’t have done表示对过去情况的否定推测。 You could have done better，but you were too careless. 你本来能做得更好，但你当时太粗心了。 I saw Mr Wang just now. He couldn’t have gone to Beijing. 我刚才看见王先生了。他不可能去北京了。 3．may/might have done表示对过去已经发生的行为的推测，常用于肯定句和否定句中，意为“想必；也许；可能已经；本可以做(实际却没做) ”，其否定形式含有“可能不会”之意。 I’m not sure. He might have said so at the conference. 我不确定。或许在会上他说过这样的话。 4．should/ought to have done表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做；其否定形式表示过去本不应该做某事而实际上却做了。 You should have handed in your homework last week. 你本该上周交作业的。 You shouldn’t have told him the bad news. 你本不该告诉他那个坏消息的。 5．needn’t have done表示过去本不必做某事而实际上已经做了。 We needn’t have waited for him. 我们本不必等他。 ◎巧学活用3——完成句子 ①工人们组织得不够好，否则他们本能够在一半的时间内完成任务。 The workers were not better organized，otherwise they ____________________ the task in half the time. ②保罗在演讲比赛中表现不错。他上周一定练习了很多次。 Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He ____________________ many times last week. could have accomplished　 must have practised　 ③他现在不可能写完卷子。我十分钟之前留下他时，他还没有写一个字。 He ___________________ writing the paper now. He hadn’t written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago. ④——凯瑟琳，我已经为你把房间打扫过了。 ——谢谢，你本不必打扫。我自己能行。 —Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You __________________ it. I could manage it myself. can’t have finished　 needn’t have done　 知识网络 返回 课时测评 返回 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．The ground is wet. It _________________(rain) last night. 2．An improvement in living standards ________be years away. 3．David，________ you please sweep the floor and take out the trash? 4．They all said that he________ come home before the Spring Festival. 5．I __________________(work) out the problem, but I was too nervous. 6．However, you _______also decide for yourself what kind of books to read. 语境基础练 must have rained　 could　 could　 might　 could have worked　 must　 7．Chris ________ go to the opera on Sunday because he is going to have a meeting. 8．Sometimes it ____________ be helpful to use examples to explain abstract concepts. 9．Taking up a job that is worth doing ______ give people mental/spiritual satisfaction. 10．He _______________(done) it all by himself for there was no one else in the house to turn to for help. can’t　 might/may　 can　 must have done　 维度二　语法与写作(每小题4分，共20分) 1．让每个人都感到惊讶的是，我们一向无敌的校队竟然在这场比赛中失利了。 To everyone’s surprise，our unbeatable school team ___________________ _______. 2．我们本来可以准时完成任务的，但交通堵塞毁了我们的计划。 We ______________________________________ on time，but the traffic jam destroyed our plan. 3．学生们仍然不懂他所说的，他可能没有把他的话表达清楚。 The students still can’t understand what he said. He ______________________ ________. should have lost the 　 game 　 might/could/would have completed the task　 may not have got himself 　 across　 4．参观这个展览，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术作品，还可以学到很多东西。 Visiting this exhibition，we _________________________________ but also learn a lot. 5．老师在班里说：“请注意，任何人只要能回答我一个问题就会得到一份奖品。” “Attention，please. ______________________________________________ ___________________，” the teacher said in class. can not only enjoy the folk art works　 Whoever can answer one of my questions shall get/　 receive/have a prize　 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1分，共8分) I 1．__________ have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her. No one 2．______ be compared with Ellen in dancing. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he did something instead of just talking. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao” just as I 3．________ do in China. Teachers recommend parents 4．____________ _________(allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. Students 5．_______ obey school rules. One of our rules is that every student 6．_______ wear school uniform while at school. needn’t　 can　 might　 (should) not 　 allow 　 must　 shall　 It is required by the rules that students 7.________ get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship. It is beyond my understanding that many adults 8._________ be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me. shall　 should　 素能提升练 Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·湖南邵阳期末) Sharing a room with a family member or a friend can be tough (困难的) , but it becomes especially difficult when you are sharing it with someone you hardly know. If you find yourself in a similar situation, do not despair. There are things you can do to help you cope with having a roommate, no matter who it may be. First of all, you have to remember that you get what you give. If you are nice to others, then others will be nice to you as well. You also need to set boundaries for yourself and for the other person. So before your new roommate moves in, talk to him. Set the rules early on and discuss your hopes. Remember that there are two things that make up any good relationship: belief and respect. The same thing applies to(适用于) having a roommate. You have to respect each other. So he has that new PS3 game that you have always wanted to try out? Ask permission first. If he says no, don’t ask him for it again. If he lets you borrow his stuff, take care of the item and treat it as if it were your own. Make sure that you return it in the same condition as when you borrowed it. To keep away from disagreements over who does the housework, clean as you go. For chores (杂务) that can be shared, you may want to divide it equally so that you don’t do all the housework. Take turns in washing the dishes. You may do it every other day or you may divide the task so that you only have to do it in the morning and your roommate will only have to do it at night. When it comes to food and grocery items, determine what can be shared. Don’t be too mean when it comes to sharing food. On the other hand, determine what you can share and what you can’t and be clear about it. The advantage of sharing food is that you can save on time and food preparation. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何与室友建立良好的关系。 1．What is the text mainly about? A．Why you need a roommate. B．How you drive a roommate you don’t like. C．What you do to find a roommate. D．How you can get along with your roommate. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“There are things you can do to help you cope with having a roommate, no matter who it may be. ”可知，本文主要介绍了如何与室友相处，故选D项。 √ 2．What may the underlined word “boundaries” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Borders of two countries. B．Personal space. C．Public relations. D．Something shared by all roommates. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“So before your new roommate moves in, talk to him. Set the rules early on and discuss your hopes. ”可知，这里说的是要给自己和他人设定界限，由此可知，画线单词boundaries 意为“边界”。与B项意思相近，故选B项。 √ 3．What does good relationship among roommates lie in? A．Money and gifts. B．Attraction and good words. C．Trust and respect. D．Threats and orders. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Remember that there are two things that make up any good relationship: belief and respect. The same thing applies to(适用于) having a roommate. ”可知，与室友之间良好的关系在于尊重和信任，故选C项。 √ 4．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．There are always quarrels between roommates. B．Try to do all the chores by yourself. C．Share everything with your roommates. D．Try to do the chores by turns. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“ For chores (杂务) that can be shared, you may want to divide it equally so that you don’t do all the housework. ”可推知，宿舍内的杂务可以轮流去做，故选D项。 √ B (2024·河北邯郸期末) “Individuals of all ages who have empathy (共情) understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt，” says Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial. ” A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken. Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation, Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning，” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity，” she adds. Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。 5．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg? A．They are short-lived. B．They are unidentifiable. C．They are trouble-making. D．They are common. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial. ’A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. ”可知，根据芭芭拉·格林伯格的说法，善意的谎言很常见。故选D。 √ 6．What message does Dr. Breur deliver in Paragraph 2? A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners. B．We must respond to our family members truthfully. C．It’s wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent. D．The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. ”可知，Breur 博士认为，善意的谎言给说谎者和听者都会带来伤害。故选A。 √ 7．What is Dr. Breur’s attitude towards the mother’s practice in Paragraph 3? A．Uncaring. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 观点态度题。根据第三段中的“‘I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning，’ Dr. Breur says. ’So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable… can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity，’she adds. ”可知，Breur博士对母亲的做法持支持态度，他认为它反映了善意谎言的意图，即善意、保护和无条件的爱。故选C。 √ 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best B．Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies C．White Lies Signify Unconditional Love D．White Lies Are Empathetic People’s Favorable Choice 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段内容可知，本文主要讲述了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。因此，在说善意的谎言之前要三思。B项“Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies (说谎之前三思) ”最能概括本文主旨，适合作为文章最佳标题。故选B。 √ Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·山东青岛期末) It’s a great feeling when someone gives you a compliment (赞美), isn’t it？　1　When you compliment someone, he/she will become open and begin to talk with you. How do you give an appropriate compliment, though? It’s important to be sincere and specific about your praise. When someone does an activity or a task particularly well, let him/her know about it by saying “You did a great job！” 　2　 For example, “That was a great presentation! I particularly liked the funny examples you used. ” 　3　You can use “I like” or “I love” to start compliments, especially if someone wears a new coat or has a new haircut. For example, “I love your hair today” or “I like your skirt”． When you’ve bought something new, it feels great when other people are excited about it. For example, if you take out your new mobile phone and a colleague says, “What a cool phone！”， it makes you feel like you made the right decision to buy it. 　4　. Compliment someone on their personalities and you’ll make a new friend. For example, if you like how happy a co-worker is, you can tell him/her, “You are always so happy. It makes my day better. ”　5　 If you like how organized another colleague is, tell him/her, “I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you. ” A．It’s a useful way to start a conversation, too. B．Everyone likes compliments about their appearance. C．Be careful with compliments about appearance, though. D．So, try giving someone a compliment and see their reaction. E．Return the favor by complimenting others on nice things they own. F．To make the compliment more meaningful, make it more specific. G．Use compliments like this for any quality that you appreciate in a person. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章建议读者为与他人很好地开始谈话和沟通，可以对对方的优点进行赞美。 It’s a great feeling when someone gives you a compliment (赞美) , isn’t it？__________________________________________When you compliment someone, he/she will become open and begin to talk with you. How do you give an appropriate compliment, though? It’s important to be sincere and specific about your praise. A．It’s a useful way to start a conversation, too.　 根据下文“When you compliment someone, he/she will become open and begin to talk with you. ”可知，作者认为赞美对方可以使他/她愿意交谈。由此可知，A项“这也是开始谈话的一种有用的方式。”符合语境。故选A项。 When someone does an activity or a task particularly well, let him/her know about it by saying “You did a great job！” ______________________ _____________________________________________ For example, “That was a great presentation! I particularly liked the funny examples you used. ” F．To make the compliment more meaningful, make it more specific. 根据上文“When someone does an activity or a task particularly well, let him/her know about it by saying ‘You did a great job！’”及下文“For example，‘ That was a great presentation! I particularly liked the funny examples you used. ’”可知，下文的赞美的例子比空前的赞美更具体。由此可知，F项“为了让赞美更有意义，要让它更具体。”符合语境。故选F项。 __________________________________________________ You can use “I like” or “I love” to start compliments, especially if someone wears a new coat or has a new haircut. For example, “I love your hair today” or “I like your skirt”． B．Everyone likes compliments about their appearance.　 根据下文“You can use ‘I like’ or ‘I love’ to start compliments, especially if someone wears a new coat or has a new haircut. For example, ‘I love your hair today’ or ‘I like your skirt ’．”可知，作者建议读者赞美对方的外表。由此可知，B项“每个人都喜欢别人称赞自己的外表。”符合语境。故选B项。 When you’ve bought something new, it feels great when other people are excited about it. For example, if you take out your new mobile phone and a colleague says, “What a cool phone！”，it makes you feel like you made the right decision to buy it. __________________________________________________________ E．Return the favor by complimenting others on nice things they own.　 根据下文“Compliment someone on their personalities and you’ll make a new friend. For example, if you like how happy a co-worker is, you can tell him/her, ‘You are always so happy. It makes my day better. ’”及“If you like how organized another colleague is, tell him/her, ‘I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you. ’”可知，本段在建议赞美对方所拥有的美好的品质。由此可知，E项“回报你的好意，赞美别人拥有的美好之处。”符合语境。故选E项。 Compliment someone on their personalities and you’ll make a new friend. For example, if you like how happy a co-worker is, you can tell him/her, “You are always so happy. It makes my day better. ” _______________________ __________________________________________ If you like how organized another colleague is, tell him/her, “I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you. ” G．Use compliments like this for any quality that you appreciate in a person. 根据下文“If you like how organized another colleague is, tell him/her, ‘I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you. ’”可知，此处举例赞美你欣赏对方的地方。由此可知，G项“对于你欣赏的人身上的任何品质，你都可以这样赞美。”符合语境，like this呼应下文的举例，appreciate呼应下文I really appreciate和I would love。故选G项。 Ⅲ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·福建福州阶段练习) Being vulnerable (脆弱的) is not a choice. It’s a 　1　 in our life. What we do with vulnerability can either open doors to deeper connections, or build walls that 　2　 progress and fulfillment. Vulnerability 　3　 the state of being exposed to the possibility of being harmed, either physically or emotionally. It’s part of human 　4　 because we are vulnerable in some way at all times. We are vulnerable to viruses, accidents, misunderstandings and 　5　 caused by whatever reasons. The only choice we really have is whether to 　6　 it or not. When some people 　7　 that they have no vulnerability, they are hard to develop meaningful social connections with others. They are just 　8　. No one likes to spend much time with people who are dishonest or 　9　 to open up their feelings. Most of the time, a great friendship starts by 　10　 each other’s vulnerability. Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others. In order to protect ourselves, we tend to struggle with 　11　. But in fact, when we are vulnerable with people, we have signaled that they can also 　12　. share their anxieties. And we don’t have to worry too much about the results because a far more common reaction of people is to respect our 　13　 instead of laughing at us. Under this shared circumstance, we become less 　14　 by vulnerability and also we 　15　 a relationship. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了脆弱是人的本性，我们唯一能做的就是承认自己的脆弱，这样才能有助于我们与他人建立健康的关系。 1．A．secret B．reality C．skill D．purpose 根据下文“It’s part of human ______because we are vulnerable in some way at all times. ”可知，脆弱是人的本性的一部分，因为我们始终是脆弱的，故此处指脆弱是我们生活中的一种现实情况，故选B。 √ 2．A．report B．reveal C．replace D．prevent √ 根据上文“can either open doors to deeper connections, or build walls”可知，如何处理脆弱决定了我们是打开通往更深的联系的大门，还是筑起高墙，故此处指筑起阻止进步和成就的高墙，故选D。 3．A．refers to B．consists of C．relies on D．sticks to 根据空后“the state of being exposed to the possibility of being harmed, either physically or emotionally”可知，空后是对脆弱的解释，故此处指脆弱指的是身体上或情感上被伤害的状态，故选A。 √ 4．A．belief B．error C．rights D．nature √ 根据空后“because we are vulnerable in some way at all times”可知，因为我们在某些方面始终都是脆弱的，故此处指脆弱是人的本性的一部分，故选D。 5．A．memories B．lessons C．experiences D．pains 根据空后“caused by whatever reasons”可知，此处指不知道什么原因引起的痛苦，故选D。 √ 6．A．follow B．analyse C．acknowledge D．remove √ 根据下文“Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others. ”可知，下文提到事实上，很难在他人面前承认我们的脆弱，故此处指我们唯一的选择就是是否承认我们的脆弱，故选C。 7．A．claim B．doubt C．celebrate D．neglect 根据下文“they are hard to develop meaningful social connections with others”可知，一些人很难与别人培养有意义的社交关系，是因为他们假装自己不脆弱，故此处指他们声称自己不脆弱，故选A。 √ 8．A．hesitating B．complaining C．lying D．waiting √ 根据上文“because we are vulnerable in some way at all times”可知，我们在某些方面始终都是脆弱的，故此处指一些人声称他们不脆弱是在撒谎，故选C。 9．A．motivated B．unwilling C．desperate D．unafraid 根据空前“who are dishonest”可知，空前提到没人喜欢和不诚实的人交朋友，故此处指也不喜欢和那些不愿意袒露心扉的人交朋友，故选B。 √ 10．A．blaming B．spreading C．teasing D．exchanging √ 根据上文“No one likes to spend much time with people who are dishonest or ______ to open up their feelings. ”可知，没人喜欢和那些不诚实或者不愿意袒露心扉的人交朋友，故此处指一份友谊通常以交流对方的脆弱开始，故选D。 11．A．criticism B．fear C．anger D．hopelessness 根据上文“Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others. ”可知，在他人面前承认自己的脆弱是一件不容易的事情，故此处指为了保护自己，我们往往害怕承认自己的脆弱，故选B。 √ 12．A．surprisingly B．cautiously C．safely D．gratefully 根据下文“And we don’t have to worry too much about the results because a far more common reaction of people is to respect our______instead of laughing at us. ”可知，我们不用担心，人们的反应会是尊重我们的勇敢，而不是嘲笑我们，故此处指他们可以安全地和我们分享他们的焦虑，故选C。 √ 13．A．bravery B．humor C．ability D．understanding 根据上文“Indeed, it’s not easy for us to admit our vulnerability in front of others. ” 可知，在他人面前承认自己的脆弱是一件不容易的事情，故当我们与他人分享脆弱时，他们会尊重我们的勇气，故选A。 √ 14．A．impressed B．affected C．improved D．reminded √ 根据上文“Under this shared circumstance”可知，在这种相互分享自己的脆弱的情况下，我们相互尊重，互相鼓励，故受到脆弱的影响也会变少，故选B。 15．A．stand B．request C．strengthen D．measure 根据上文“Under this shared circumstance”可知，在这种相互分享自己的脆弱的情况下，我们相互尊重，互相鼓励，因此这段关系也得到了巩固，故选C。 √ 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$