UNIT 10 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 内容索引 语篇研读　细梳理 1 语篇助解　释疑难 2 课时测评 5 语基自查　固根基 3 语基讲练　提能力 4 语篇研读　细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.       1．How many social media platforms do you have? _______________________________________ 2．How many contacts do you have on social media? ______________________________________________________ 3．How many people do you regularly communicate with? ________________ There are two, respectively Wechat and QQ. 　 Too many, but mainly some friends who can often study together. 　 About 10 or so. 　 Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ．Read for the main idea What’s the main idea of the text? A．Explain the number of people’s connections. B．Analyse the causes of the“Six Degrees of Separation”． C．Describe the features of the“Six Degrees of Separation”． D．Introduce people’s connections by the“Six Degrees of Separation”． √ Ⅱ．Match the main idea with each part Part 1(Para. 1)　　 A．Development of the theory Part 2(Paras. 2－6) B．Emphasis of the theory Part 3(Para. 7) C．Introduction of the theory Ⅲ．Read for the structure connected　 mathematically　 test　 recreate　 Columbia　 Small­world Project　 relationship　 regularly　 Ⅳ．Read for details 1．How is the text mainly organized? A．By giving a definition. B．By giving examples. C．By the order of time. D．By comparison. √ 2．What can we know about the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory? A．The concept of friendship results from it. B．It was mentioned in the 1930s by Frigyes Karinthy. C．It was first appeared in the book named Everything Is Different. D．It points out one person can be connected through no more than five persons. 3．How many methods are used to test the theory? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Two. √ √ 4．What can we learn about Stanley Milgram’s method? A．Its samples are chosen randomly. B．Packages are sent between acquaintances. C．Parcels arrive at the targets very quickly. D．It enlightens the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”． 5．What’s unique about an experiment at the University of Milan? A．It needs five stages to be connected. B．It has only recently been carried out. C．It focuses on the social media users. D．It involves the largest number of people. √ √ Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ．难句解构 1． 尝试翻译　_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 研究表明，普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5到10个和我们最亲近的人身上。　 2． 尝试翻译　_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在 1929年出版了《一切皆不同》一书，书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念，许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到了他的思想的影响。　 Ⅱ．佳句仿写 1．教材佳句　“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. (下定义) 学后仿写　文化庆祝活动通常是指庆祝某一特定民族或地方的传统的活动。 A cultural celebration usually _________________ where the traditions of a particular people or place are celebrated. refers to an event　 2．教材佳句　For example, the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”. (举例) 学后仿写　露西和琳达有很多共同之处。例如，他们都喜欢潜水。 Lucy and Linda have a lot in common. ______________________________. For example, they both like diving　 返回 Ⅲ．品质升华 1．Why do you think people study how people are connected？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments “small-world”？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Connections are an important part of our lives. Good interpersonal connections can relieve psychological pressure and promote mental health. But for bad interpersonal connections，it is easy to let people have psychological barriers.　 Because they chose a random sample of people and asked them to send packages to a stranger who only knew his name，job and general location.　 语篇助解　释疑难 返回 ①in fact 事实上，实际上 ②refer to参考，查阅；提到，提及；指的是 ③theory/ˈθɪəri/n. 学说，理论 ④chain/tʃeɪn/n. 一连串，一系列；链子，链条 a chain of一系列，一连串(人或事) ⑤no more than只是；仅仅；不超过 not more than不超过；至多；不比……更…… 原文呈现 名师圈点 HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE? Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people，and that most of our communication is in fact① with five to ten people who are closest to us. [1] However，perhaps we are closer to the rest of the world than we think. “Six Degrees of Separation”refers to② the theory③ that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain④ of no more than⑤ five other people. [1]本句为主从复合句。句中“the average person… people”为省略了引导词that的宾语从句；and后的that也引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词five to ten people。 ⑥network/ˈnetwɜːk/n. 人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统 ⑦impression /ɪmˈpreʃən/n. 印象，感想 impress v．使钦佩，使留下深刻印象 impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的，令人钦佩的 原文呈现 名师圈点 The concept was first talked about as long ago as the 1920s. The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929，in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks⑥ and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions⑦ of social networks. [2] [2]本句为主从复合句。“called Everything Is Different”为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语；in which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a book。 ⑧In the 1950s为“in the＋年代的复数”，表示“在……世纪……年代”。 ⑨mathematically adv. 算术地，数学上地 ⑩sociologist/ˌsəʊsiˈɒlədʒist/n. 社会学家 ⑪random/ˈrændəm/adj. 随机的，随意的 at random随便地；任意地 randomly adv. 随机地；任意地 ⑫in the middle of在……中间 ⑬location n．地点，位置；外景拍摄地 locate v．确定……的位置 be located in 位于；坐落于 ⑭personally adv. 就个人而言；亲自 person n．人 in person 亲自 personal adj. 个人的，私人的 原文呈现 名师圈点 In the 1950s⑧，an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically⑨；but after twenty years，they still had not had any success. In 1967，an American sociologist⑩ called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory，which he called the “small-world problem”．He chose a random⑪ sample of people in the middle of⑫ America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. The people sending the packages only knew the name，job and general location⑬ of the stranger. Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally⑭ who they thought might know the target stranger. ⑮deliver v．投递，运送；接生 delivery n．递送；传达 ⑯amazingly adv. 令人惊讶地；惊奇地 amaze v．使惊奇，使惊愕 amazed adj. 惊奇的，惊讶的 amazing adj. 令人惊愕的 amazement n．惊诧，惊奇 ⑰release/rɪˈliːs/vt.& n．发表，发布；释放 ⑱bimonthly/ baɪˈmʌnθli/adj. 两月一次的；一月两次的 原文呈现 名师圈点 Once the parcel had been received by this person，he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered⑮ to the correct person. Amazingly⑯，it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered，and once released⑰[3]，the results were published in the bimonthly⑱ magazine Psychology Today. It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．[4] [3]句中it作形式主语，动词不定式短语“to get the parcels delivered”作真正的主语；once released为状语从句的省略形式。 [4]本句为强调句。其结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who… ”。 ⑲phrase/freɪz/n. 成语，习语；警句 原文呈现 名师圈点 In the last few decades，the theory and the phrase⑲ have appeared again. Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. Then，more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast. For example，the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”. The lives of all the characters were closely connected，although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart. The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”，as almost all the characters had randomly met each other，or had met someone the other characters knew，before they were all in the same plane crash. In the mid-1990s，two college students in the United States invented a game. The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon，a famous American actor and musician，through no more than six links. Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States. ⑳recreate vt. 再创造；再现 ㉑confirm v．确定，确认；证实，证明 原文呈现 名师圈点 In 2001，Columbia University tried to recreate⑳ Milgram’s experiment on the Internet. This became known as the “Columbia Small-world Project”. The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries. [5]The results confirmed㉑ that the average number of links in the chain was six. [5]句中“with 18 target people in 13 different countries”为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构。 Most recently，an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed㉒ the relationship between 721 million social media users and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages，or five degrees of separation. So，think about it for a minute：How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels? ㉒analyse vt. 分析(等于analyze) analysis n．分析，分析结果 名师圈点 译文参考 我们之间的联系有多紧密？ 研究表明，普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5到10个和我们最亲近的人身上。不过，也许我们与世界上其他人的联系比想象中的更紧密。“六度分隔”理论说的是地球上任何人都可通过不超过另外五个人的联结，与一个陌生人联系起来。 这个概念早在20世纪20年代就被提出。匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了《一切皆不同》一书，书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念，许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到了他的思想的影响。 20世纪50年代，两位科学家试图用数学方法证明该理论，但20年过去了，他们仍未成功。1967年，美国社会学家斯坦利·米尔格兰姆试图用新的方法来验证这一理论，他称之为“小世界问题”。米尔格兰姆在美国中部随机挑选了一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。这些寄送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。米尔格兰姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到该包裹被送到目标收件人手中。令人惊讶的是，只需要5至7个人就能把包裹送到。研究结果一经公布，便被发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。 在过去的几十年里，这一理论和说法又再次出现。它的名字被用作戏剧标题和电影名称。随后，更多基于这一理论的影视节目相继被拍摄、播出。例如，奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”这一概念。影片中所有人物彼此不认识、相隔千里，但他们的生活都是紧密相连的。电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人物此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物认识的人。20世纪90年代中期，美国两名大学生发明了一款游戏。这款游戏的玩法是用不超过六个联结将任意一个演员与美国著名演员、音乐家凯文·贝肯联系起来。这款游戏很快在美国的大学里流行起来。 2001年，哥伦比亚大学尝试在互联网上重现米尔格兰姆的实验，该实验被称为“哥伦比亚小世界项目”。这项实验涉及24 163个电子邮件链接，覆盖了来自13个不同国家的18个目标人物。实验结果证实，联络串上的连接平均数量是6个。 最新的是2011年米兰大学的一项实验，该实验分析了7.21亿社交媒体用户之间的关系，发现92%的用户只需通过四个阶段(即五度分隔)，就可建立联系。 所以，思考一下这个问题：你与你经常乘坐的公交车司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系？ 返回 语基自查　固根基 返回 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．a bicycle chain 自行车_______ 2．a network of friends 朋友______ 3．a memorable phrase 易记的_______ 4．a famous sociologist 著名___________ 　链条　 网　 　警句　 社会学家　 ◎核心单词——练通 1．a ___________ magazine 一本双月刊杂志 2．to _________ a prisoner 释放囚犯 3．the________ and practice of language teaching 语言教学理论与实践 bimonthly　 release　 theory　 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．_____________ n．干涉，干预 →intervene vt. 干涉，干预 2．_____________ n．意见不合，分歧，争论 →disagree vi. 不同意 3．______________ n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物 →encourage vt. 鼓励，怂恿；激励；支持 4．______ n．羡慕，忌妒；vt. 羡慕，妒忌 →envious adj. 羡慕的，妒忌的 intervention　 disagreement　 encouragement　 envy　 5．________ vt. 干扰，打扰，使中断 →disturbing adj. 令人烦心的，引起烦恼的 →disturbed adj. 烦恼的；不安的 →disturbance n．干扰；骚扰；心神不安 6．__________ vi. 道歉，谢罪 →apology n．道歉，谢罪 disturb　 apologise　 7．_______ n．学说，理论 →theoretical adj. 理论的 8．___________ n．印象，感想 →impress vt. 使钦佩；给……留下深刻印象 →impressive adj. 令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的 9．________ adj. 随机的，随意的 →randomly adv. 随便地，任意地；无目的地 theory　 impression　 random　 规律方法 1．规律：动词后跟-ive变成形容词 impress vt. 使钦佩；给……留下深刻印象＋-ive→impressive adj. 令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的 例如：productive adj. 多产的 effective adj. 有效的 creative adj. 有创造力的 attractive adj. 引人入胜的 2．规律：动词后跟-ment变成名词 disagree vi. 不同意＋-ment→disagreement n．意见不合，分歧，争论 例如：encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物 appointment n．预约，约定； 任命 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．事实上，实际上 ________ 2．闲待，厮混 _________ 3．与……相处融洽；……进展顺利 __________________ 4．处理；涉及 __________ 5．代替；而不是…… ___________ 6．根据；以……为基础；建立在……基础上 ___________ in fact　 hang out　 get on well with…　 deal with　 instead of　 be based on　 第二组　英译汉 7．come up ___________________________ 8．sort out ________________ 9．go over to _______________ 10．refer to __________________________________ 11．a chain of _________________________ 12．no more than _____________________ 13．the number of… _____________ 发生；升起；发芽；被提出　 挑选出；分类　 朝 …… 走去　 参考，查阅；提到，提及；指的是　 一系列，一连串(人或事)　 只是；仅仅；不超过　 ……的数目　 ◎典型句式——默背 1．句型公式　状语从句的省略 教材原句　… and _____________(一经公布)，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today. 2．句型公式　强调句型 教材原句　_____________________(正是这项研究) inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”． 3．句型公式　with复合结构 教材原句　The experiment involved 24，163 email chains ______________ __________________________(覆盖了来自13个不同国家的18个目标人物). once released　 It was this research that　 with 18 target 　 people in 13 different countries　 返回 语基讲练　提能力 返回 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 1　impression n．印象，感想 (教材原句)…and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks. ……许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到了他的思想的影响。 (1)leave/make/create an impression on/upon… 　 给……留下印象 (2)impress vt. 使(人)印象深刻 be impressed by/at/with… 对……印象深刻 impress sth on/upon sb 使铭记，使意识到(……的重要性) (3)impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的，有感染力的 单句语法填空/应用文写作之校园介绍 ①The teacher impressed the importance of English _________ me. ②The teachers were most impressed ___________ your performance in the exam. ③Mr. Smith, a professor from America, will make an ____________ (impress) speech in the hall tonight. on/upon　 by/at/with　 impressive　 ④让我印象最深刻的是校园的美景和同学们的友善。 →_______________________ was the beautiful scenery of the campus and the friendliness of my classmates. (主语从句；impress) →The scenery of the campus was beautiful，and my classmates were friendly，_______________________________________________. (定语从句；impression) →_________________________ the beautiful scenery of the campus and the friendliness of my classmates. (be impressed by… ) What impressed me most　 which left/made/created a deep impression on/upon me　 I was deeply impressed by　 2　random adj. 随机的，随意的 (教材原句) He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. 他在美国中部随机挑选了一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。 (1)at random　　　 随便地，随意地 (2)randomly adv. 随便地，任意地；无目的地 单句语法填空/应用文写作之活动介绍 ①They throw out all of these behaviors __________(random). ②When the teacher came in，she opened her book ______ random and started reading. ③这些学生被随机分成两组。 →These students __________________________________. →These students __________________________________. randomly　 at　 were randomly divided into two groups　 were divided into two groups at random　 3　release vt. & n．发表，发布；释放 (教材原句)Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once released，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today. 令人惊讶的是，只需要5至7个人就能把包裹送到。研究结果一经公布，便被发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。 release sb/sth from sth 从……释放/放出/放走…… 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①Firefighters took two hours to release the driver ______ the wreckage. ②菲尔感觉到老师的存在，立刻松开了他的手。 Immediately, sensing the teacher’s presence, Phil _________________. from　 released his hands　 Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 句型公式：强调句型 (教材原句)It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”． 正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。 (1)强调句的构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who…，当被强调的部分为主语时，句子的谓语动词与被强调的主语保持一致。 (2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who…? (3)强调句的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who…? (4)对“not… until…”进行强调时，应使用句型“It is/was not until… that…”。当not until…置于句首时，句子要倒装。 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①_______ was it that the People’s Republic of China was founded? ②It was on the farm where we first worked together ______ we met each other for the first time. ③It was the culture，rather than the language，______ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment. ④He didn’t realize the importance of good health until he got seriously ill. →______________________________________________________________________(强调句) →______________________________________________________________(倒装句) When　 that　 that　 It was not until he got seriously ill that he realized the importance of good health.　 Not until he got seriously ill did he realize the importance of good health.　 返回 课时测评 返回 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共9分) 1．The scales can be used to weigh other items such as ________ (包裹). 2．Factories are grouped in the southern _________(郊区) of the city. 3．She burst into tears，___________(释放) all her pent-up emotions. 4．His _________ (理论) are somewhat remote from reality. 5．Oil is put in machinery to reduce the _________(摩擦). 语境基础练 parcels　 suburb　 releasing　 theories　 friction　 6．It’s one of the reasons we love stories so much；they give meaning to what might otherwise be _________(随机的) events. 7．A ________(链子) consists of metal rings connected together in a line. 8．Each of these pages has hot links to other documents throughout the n_________. 9．I have been working in a g________ store for two years. random　 chain　 etwork　 rocery　 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．He needs all the support and ________________(encourage) he can get. 2．Whatever I saw and heard on my trip gave me a very deep _____________ (impress). 3．The council recently drew fire for its _______________(intervene) in the dispute. 4．We can’t focus on our homework as a result of the ____________(disturb) noise. encouragement　 impression　 intervention　 disturbing　 5．We had a ______________(disagree) about the fee for the work. 6．We ___________(apology) for the delay and regret any inconvenience it may have caused. 7．In order to avoid conflicting _______ each other in tradition，you are supposed to arrive early so that you can help your friend’s family prepare the dinner. 8．_____ theory，these machines should last for ten years or more. disagreement　 apologise　 with　 In　 维度三　完成句子/句式升级(每小题4分，共12分) 1．加入我们一起成为志愿管理人员，在为社区带来好处的同时也能提升你自己的技能。(状语从句的省略) Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills _______________ _________________________. 2．他们用手托着下巴，专注地盯着窗外或上面的天花板。(with复合结构) ____________________________, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 3．I didn’t realize a small act of care can melt people’s loneliness until I experienced the event. →_____________________________________________________________________________________(强调句) while bringing　 benefits to the communities　 With their chins on their hands　 It was not until I experienced the event that I realized a small act of care can melt people’s loneliness.　 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can 1．_____________(connect) to any other person through a chain of no more 2．______ five other people. Up to now，it has experienced some stages as follows：In 3．_____ 1950s，two scientists attempted 4．_________ (prove) the theory mathematically，but failed. In 1967，Stanley Milgram tried be connected　 than　 the　 to prove　 5．________(use) a new method to test the theory called the “small-world problem”. In 2001，Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet 6．________(know) as the “Columbia Small-world Project”．In 2011，the University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media 7．________(user) and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages，or five degrees of 8．_____________ (separate). Above all，think about it for a minute：How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you 9．____________(regular) take or the person 10．______ delivers your parcels? using　 known　 users　 separation　 regularly　 who　 素能提升练 Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·河北保定一中开学考试) Geoff Banks and Celesta Byrne met as part of an educational project to put British and American students in contact and they still keep in touch with each other. Centenarians (百岁老人), Geoff Banks from Devon, Britain, and Celesta Byrne, from the US, started writing to each other at the age of 16 in 1938．The former engineer Geoff even kept in touch with Celesta during WWⅡ．They, now, can talk to each other on the Internet. They recently had their first call giving Geoff a break from putting pen to paper that he said he found difficult at his age. Despite having chatted for decades, the pair have only ever met twice—first in 2002 while Geoff visited New York at the age of 80, and then again two years later. Celesta was living in New Jersey at that time, and then she moved to live near family in Texas. Geoff said, “I had worked abroad for a number of years but had not been to the US for some time. Celesta was in New Jersey, so we decided to meet up in New York for a short Christmas trip. We just talked about daily lives and our families. In one of my early letters, I sent her a copy of a British paper in 1953 which had Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ’s coronation (加冕) on the front of it. ” Despite having such a special relationship, the pair deny there was ever any romance there. Both have been married, with Geoff’s wife having passed away in 2011．Geoff is now a great grandfather, having sadly survived his daughter but still having three sons scattered across the world and many more grandchildren. They felt grateful to the educational project, which gave them the chance of being friends. They are friends, like people who live next door. They value their friendship and think it’s nice to hear friends’ voices. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了1938年，Geoff Banks和Celesta Byrne相识于一个教育项目。自那时起，他们一直保持着联系。 1．How did Geoff know Celesta? A．By a friend. B．By joining in a party. C．By surfing the Internet. D．By an educational program. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Geoff Banks and Celesta Byrne met as part of an educational project to put British and American students in contact and they still keep in touch with each other. ”可知，Geoff和 Celesta相识于一个教育项目。故选D。 √ 2．What was Geoff before he retired? A．A teacher. B．A mechanic. C．An engineer. D．A soldier. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The former engineer Geoff even kept in touch with Celesta during WWⅡ．”可知，Geoff曾是一名工程师。故选C。 √ 3．Where did Celesta live when she met Geoff for the second time? A．In New York. B．In New Jersey. C．In Texas. D．In Devon. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Despite having chatted for decades, the pair have only ever met twice—first in 2002 while Geoff visited New York at the age of 80, and then again two years later. Celesta was living in New Jersey at that time, and then she moved to live near family in Texas. ”可知，Geoff和Celesta只见过两次，第一次是在2002年，第二次是两年后，当时Celesta住在 New Jersey。故选B。 √ 4．Which word can best describe the friendship between Geoff and Celesta? A．Lasting. B．Odd. C．Complex. D．Ordinary. 推理判断题。根据文章对这对百岁笔友关系的描述，如第二段“Centenarians(百岁老人), Geoff Banks from Devon, Britain, and Celesta Byrne, from the US… They, now, can talk to each other on the Internet. ”可推知，他们的友谊是长久的。故选A。 √ B (2024·广东省湛江市第二十一中学月考) If you feel that making friends as a kid is easy, you’re right. “They have a break between lessons and gym classes. They can let their guard down，” says Marisa G．Franco, a sought-after friendship & belonging expert. However, it’s not the case for adults. Even though they see their colleagues every day, they still find it never easy to be friends with them. In the US, for example, a 2021 survey by the American Enterprise Institute, found that the number of adults who said they had no close friends had increased four times since 1990, going from 3 percent to 12 percent. “We’ve never been more disconnected，” says psychologist and author Jody Carrington. Although adults spend time together from 9：00 am to 6：00 pm and even late into the night, the fast paced work pattern dictates that communication is limited to the content of the work, and after work, they immediately go back to homes, leaving no extra energy to have unplanned interactions to develop further friendship. Research by Brigham Young University psychologist Julianne Holt-Lunstad has shown that loneliness is a major threat to longevity (长寿), same as smoking 15 cigarettes a day or being an alcoholic. People who are lonely or socially cut off have a higher risk of having diseases like depression, dementia and cardiac death. On the another side, healthy friendships can help us a lot, doing better with stress and living happier and longer. Plus, happiness is contagious. Harvard researchers found that when an individual becomes happy, his or her friends who live in a 1.6-kilometre radius have a 25 percent higher chance of getting a boost in happiness, too. Hence, making and deepening friendships matters more than we imagine. You might think making friends is an inherent skill that doesn’t need to be taught. It’s not the case. We can all get better at connection if we try. Some experts offer some tricks to make finding connection a little easier. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成年人不容易建立联系的原因，强调了建立联系的重要性并提出建议。 5．How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A．By listing a lot of figures. B．By drawing a conclusion. C．By making a comparison. D．By showing a conversation. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you feel that making friends as a kid is easy, you’re right. ‘They have a break between lessons and gym classes. They can let their guard down，’” 和“However, it’s not the case for adults. Even though they see their colleagues every day, they still find it never easy to be friends with them. ”可推知，作者通过对比的方式引出本文的话题。故选C。 √ 6．What makes an adult difficult to be friends with others according to Paragraph 2? A．Lack of breaks in the workplace. B．Worry about being deeply hurt. C．Unwillingness to communicate. D．Lack of unplanned interactions. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Although adults spend time together from 9：00 am to 6：00 pm and even late into the night, the fast paced work pattern dictates that communication is limited to the content of the work, and after work, they immediately go back to homes, leaving no extra energy to have unplanned interactions to develop further friendship. ”可知，缺乏计划外的互动使成年人很难与他人成为朋友。故选D。 √ 7．What does the author want to convey in Paragraph 3? A．The necessity of staying connected. B．The approach to leading a happy life. C．The consequences of getting into bad habits. D．The relationship between happiness and habits. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Research by Brigham Young University psychologist Julianne Holt-Lunstad has shown that loneliness is a major threat to longevity (长寿)… healthy friendships can help us a lot, doing better with stress and living happier and longer. ”可推知，孤独不利于身体健康，人们应该与他人保持联系，因此作者想要传达的是保持联系的必要性。故选A。 √ 8．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Unrealistic. B．Influential. C．Flexible. D．Unique. 词义猜测题。根据下文“Harvard researchers found that when an individual becomes happy, his or her friends who live in a 1.6-kilometre radius have a 25 percent higher chance of getting a boost in happiness, too. ”可知，快乐是有感染力的。由此可知，contagious意为“有感染力的”，和B项“Influential (有影响力的)”意思相近。故选B。 √ Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Self-esteem (自尊) is the opinion we have of ourselves. When we have healthy self-esteem，we tend to feel positive about ourselves and life. If we have low self-esteem，we may feel anxious and look down on ourselves. Low self-esteem often begins in childhood. Our teachers，friends and parents send us positive and negative messages about ourselves. 1 . Besides，stress and difficult life events can have a negative effect on self-esteem. Personality can play a part，too. Some people are just more likely to have negative thinking. 2 . If you have low self-esteem，you may hide yourself away from social situations，stop trying new things，and avoid things you find challenging. In the long term，this can backfire because it makes your doubts and fears stronger. You may also develop unhelpful habits，such as smoking and drinking too much. To improve your self-esteem，you need to identify the negative beliefs you have about yourself，and then challenge them. 3 . Note these thoughts. Next，start to write some evidence that challenges these negative beliefs，such as “I’m really good at crosswords” or “My sister calls for a chat every week”．You could also write down other positive things about yourself on the list and add them to the list regularly. Then put your list where you can see it. 4 . You can also learn to be assertive to improve your self-esteem. One trick is to look at other people who act assertively and copy what they do. 5 . It’s picking up tips from people you admire and letting your true self come out. A．Low self-esteem affects people negatively B．It’s not about pretending you’re someone else C．That way，you can keep reminding yourself that you’re OK D．Those beliefs come from negative messages you once received E．People with low self-esteem have their unique way of dealing with the problem F．For some reason，those meaning that you’re not good enough often stay with you G．You may think you’re too stupid to get a new job or that nobody cares about you 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些提高自尊的方法。 Self-esteem (自尊) is the opinion we have of ourselves. When we have healthy self-esteem，we tend to feel positive about ourselves and life. If we have low self-esteem，we may feel anxious and look down on ourselves. Low self-esteem often begins in childhood. Our teachers，friends and parents send us positive and negative messages about ourselves. ___________________ _____________________________________________________. Besides，stress and difficult life events can have a negative effect on self-esteem. Personality can play a part，too. Some people are just more likely to have negative thinking. F．For some reason，those meaning that you’re not good enough often stay with you 根据上文“Low self-esteem often begins in childhood. Our teachers，friends and parents send us positive and negative messages about ourselves. ”以及下文“Besides，stress and difficult life events can have a negative effect on self-esteem… to have negative thinking. ”可知，本句与上下文并列，都是在说明导致自卑的原因。F项“出于某种原因，那些表示你不够好的思想总是伴随着你”符合语境。故选F。 ________________________________________. If you have low self-esteem，you may hide yourself away from social situations，stop trying new things，and avoid things you find challenging. In the long term，this can backfire because it makes your doubts and fears stronger. You may also develop unhelpful habits，such as smoking and drinking too much. A．Low self-esteem affects people negatively　 根据下文“If you have low self-esteem，you may hide yourself away from social situations，stop trying new things，and avoid things you find challenging. In the long term，this can backfire because it makes your doubts and fears stronger. You may also develop unhelpful habits，such as smoking and drinking too much. ”可知，下文具体说明了低自尊对人的负面影响。A项“低自尊对人有消极影响”概括了本段内容，符合语境。故选A。 To improve your self-esteem，you need to identify the negative beliefs you have about yourself，and then challenge them. ______________________ _______________________________________________. Note these thoughts. Next，start to write some evidence that challenges these negative beliefs，such as “I’m really good at crosswords” or “My sister calls for a chat every week”． G．You may think you’re too stupid to get a new job or that nobody cares about you 根据上文“To improve your self-esteem，you need to identify the negative beliefs you have about yourself，and then challenge them. ”以及下文“Note these thoughts. ”可知，本句具体说明下文提到的“these thoughts”的内容。G项“你可能认为自己太傻了，找不到新工作，或者认为没人在乎你”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 You could also write down other positive things about yourself on the list and add them to the list regularly. Then put your list where you can see it. _______ ________________________________________________. C. That way，you can keep reminding yourself that you’re OK 根据上文“Next，start to write some evidence that challenges these negative beliefs… and add them to the list regularly. Then put your list where you can see it. ”可知，上文提到把清单放在你能看到的地方，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这么做的原因。C项“通过这种方式，你可以不断提醒自己你很好”符合语境。故选C。 You can also learn to be assertive to improve your self-esteem. One trick is to look at other people who act assertively and copy what they do. ___________ _________________________________. It’s picking up tips from people you admire and letting your true self come out. B．It’s not about pretending you’re someone else 根据上文“You can also learn to be assertive to improve your self-esteem. One trick is to look at other people who act assertively and copy what they do. ”以及下文“It’s picking up tips from people you admire and letting your true self come out. ”可知，本句是对上文提到的技巧的进一步解释说明，即模仿表现自信的人，并不是让你假装成另外一个人。B项“这不是假装你是另一个人”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·江苏阶段练习) Every day we communicate with people around us. Much of what we communicate 1. _________ (depend) not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them. Communication is the exchange of information 2._________ a sender and a receiver. The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face, or through video, telephone, mail or social media. In 3.__________ (respond), the receiver sends an encoded message back. depends　 between　 response　 This communication process can be complex and challenging 4.______, with practice and patience, we can become a highly competent 5._____________ (communicate). To accomplish this, we need to know with 6.________we are communicating and his/her basic information. And we can then use it to determine how best to communicate with them. While communicating with others, we not only use words but also use a lot of body language. When we notice a change in the other’s body language, we should make 7.____________ (adjust) to how we will communicate accordingly. but　 communicator whom　 adjustments　 Body language is 8.________ (sure) important in communication, but the value of empathy shouldn’t 9.________________ (understate). We should learn to put 10. ___________ (we) in others’ shoes and look at the situation from their perspective. In this way, the communication is more effective. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们日常交流的特点以及沟通中的困难之处。 surely　 be understated　 ourselves　 1．答案：depends 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语Much of what we communicate为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填depends。 2．答案：between 考查介词。between… and… 表示“介于……之间”，为固定搭配。故填between。 3．答案：response 考查词性转换。in response表示“作为回应”，为固定短语。故填response。 4．答案：but 考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。 5．答案：communicator 考查词性转换。根据上文不定冠词以及空处作表语可知，此处应用单数名词communicator。故填communicator。 6．答案：whom 考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作with的宾语。表示“与谁沟通”，应用whom。故填whom。 7．答案：adjustments 考查词性转换。make adjustments to表示“调整”，为固定短语。故填adjustments。 8．答案：surely 考查词性转换。修饰形容词important应用副词surely。故填surely。 9．答案：be understated 考查动词的语态。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形。故填be understated。 10．答案：ourselves 考查反身代词。put oneself in others’ shoes表示“设身处地为别人着想”，为固定短语。故填ourselves。 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$