内容正文:
中考二轮语法专题复习讲与练
专题三 代词 二
目录
01
不定代词
02
复合不定代词
03
疑问代词
04
即时训练
2
01不定代词
不定代词,不明确指代某个(些)人、某个(些)事物的代词叫作不定代词。不定代词可以代替名词和形容词, 没有主格和宾格之分。常见的不定代词有:
some, any, many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either…
具体解析如下:
1,either与any
either作代词时由两个含意,其一是两者中随便哪一个,
如:You can take either.
其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词,如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。
any 表示三个或三个以上的任一个。
【拓展】either作为“也”讲时,要用于否定句中,而too、also则用于肯定句中。
如,He doesn't like Beijing opera, I don't like either.
在either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配,即“就近原则”。
如,Either you or I am right.
2.neither与none
neither用于两者中无一是,即二者都不,而none则用于三个或三个以上的人或事物中无一是,即三个或三个以上都不。
如,I have three sisters. None of them is a doctor.
3,all与both
all用于三者或三者以上的全部,而both 则用于两者的全部。
如,Both my parents are engineers. All of the students might make some mistakes.
both作同位语时,它在句中的位置有:在be动词之后,如:We are both students.
在实意动词之前,如:The parents both want to go to the cinema.
4.another与the other
单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,表示三个或三以上中的另一个;而特指时则要用the other,表示两者中的另一个。
如,1)The post office is on the other side of the street.
2) The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor.
3)---I’m sorry for breaking your pen.
---Never mind. I have anoter one.
4)---Would you like to have another cake ?
----No, thanks. I’ve had two. That’s enough.
【拓展】
在泛指的复数名词前用some…,others…来表示有些人……某些人……
others表示剩下的一部分,若表示剩下的全部则用some---the oters---
如,There are ten students here.Where are the others?
Some people like sports. Others like reading.
5.every与each
every只可作形容词,不可作代词,而each既可作形容词,又可作代词,在作形容词时each侧重强调个体,而every 则侧重于全体。
如,Each of us has to pass the exam.
every用于三者或三者以上的每一个,而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。
如,There are trees on each side of the street.
请参考下表,记忆either,any;neither,none;both,all;the other,another。
范 围
意 义 两者 三个或
三个以上
任一个,每一个 either any
都不 neither none
都 both all
另一个 the other anothr
6.any与some
any用于疑问句和否定句,而some用于肯定句.
如,I want some books to read. Do you have any?
但,在由would you like等句型发出的问句中,表达了说话者真心实意,或委婉提出请求希望得到对方的肯定答复时,在疑问句中要用some而不用any。
如,Would you like something to drink?
【拓展】
在泛指的复数名词前用some…,others…来表示有些人……某些人……
others表示剩下的一部分,若表示剩下的全部则用some---the oters---
如,There are ten students here.Where are the others?
Some people like sports. Others like reading.
7. few / a few 与 little/a little.
详见下表
否定 肯定
加可数名词 few a few
加不可数名词 little a little
如,Hurry up. There is a little time left.
I don’t understand the story though there are a few new words in it.
02 符合不定代词
复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上 -one,-body,-thing构成的代词。(注:+where 为复合不定副词) 具体构成见下表:
指人 body/one 指物thing 指地点 where (副词)
某个 some someboday/one something somewhere
任一个 any anybody/one anything anywhere
每个 every everybody/one everything everywhere
没有 no nobody/one nothing nowhere
具体用法
1.some-类:用于肯定句,“someone”表示“某人”,“somebody”和“someone”意思相近,“something”意思是“某物;某事”somewhere意思是”某地“。不过,在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,也用some-类复合不定代词。例如,
“Would you like something to drink?(你想要喝点什么吗?)”。
2. any-类:用于否定句和疑问句。“anyone”“anybody”意思是“任何人”,“anything”意思是“任何事物”,anywhere意思是“任何地方吧”。如,
“Did you see anyone in the room?(你在房间里看到任何人了吗?)”。
3.no-类:表示否定意义。“no one”“nobody”意思是“没有人”,“nothing”意思是“没有东西;没有事情”,nowhere意思是“没有什么地方,哪里都不”。例如,
“Nobody knows the answer.(没有人知道答案)”。
3.every-类:“everyone”“everybody”意思是“每个人”,“everything”意思是“每件事;一切”,everywhere意思是“到处,处处,每个地方”。如,
“Everybody likes music.(每个人都喜欢音乐)”。
【注意】
1. 作主语:谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例如,“Everyone is here.(大家都在这儿)”。
2. 作宾语:可以放在动词或介词后面。
如。“I can't see anything.(我什么也看不见)”,这句话中“anything”作“see”的宾语。
3. 形容词修饰:形容词要放在复合不定代词/ 副词后面。
比如,“something interesting(一些有趣的事)”。
There is nothing new in his speech. 在他的演讲中没有新内容。
Did she tell you anything else? 她告诉你别的事情了吗?
I want go somewhere relaxing. 我想去令人放松的地方。
03 疑问代词
疑问代词用法总结
1.who,whom,whose
who:指人,作主语或宾语,询问“谁”。
如,Who is that man?那个男人是谁? Who did you call?你打电话给谁了?
whom:指人,作宾语,询问“谁”(在现代英语中,whom的使用越来越少,通常可以用who代替). 如,Whom are you waiting for?你在等谁?(更常见的是Who are you waiting for?)
whose:指人或物,作定语,询问“谁的”。如,
Whose book is this?这本书是谁的?
2.what:指物或情况,作主语、宾语或表语,询问“什么”。如,
What is your job?你的工作是什么?
What do you want to be?你想成为什么?
2. which:指人或物,作主语、宾语或定语,询问“哪一个”。如,
• Which book do you like best?你最喜欢哪本书?
Which one do you prefer?你更喜欢哪一个?
【注意】
what和which的区别:what用于询问范围不明确的事物,
which用于询问范围明确的事物。
特殊用法
1• whoever:指人,作主语或宾语,表示“无论谁”.如,
Whoever wants to go can sign up.无论谁想去都可以报名。
2.whichever:指人或物,作主语、宾语或定语,表示“无论哪一个”.如,
You can choose whichever book you like.你可以选择你喜欢的任何一本书。
3.whatever:指物或情况,作主语、宾语或表语,表示“无论什么”. 如,
You can ask whatever questions you have.你可以问任何你有的问题。
04 即时训练
选词填空或根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. There are enough cups for each visitor to have _________ (it/one/that).
2. I can’t see ________(something/anything)in the dark room.
3. —What would you like, tea or coffee?
—____________(都不要), thanks. I just prefer a glass of water.
4. —Would you like some more noodles, Celia?
—Yes, just _____________(一点), please.
答案:1.one 2.anything 3.neither 4.a few
用适当的疑问代词填空。
1. —_____ is your father? Does he still work as an engineer?
—Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years.
2. —______ T-shirt is this?
—I think it’s Tom’s.
3. —_____ do you usually share happiness with?
—My parents and my best friend.
答案:
1.What
2.Whose
3.Who
Thank you for listening
22
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