专题02 完形填空10篇（上海市高考模拟真题）（第一期）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(上海专用)

专题02 完形填空10篇(上海市高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 （2025·上海闵行·一模）Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the 1 , range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging (无线电标记). To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars can be 2 . One organization that 3 this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos (犀牛) in Namibia. However, the team soon realized that the chemicals used to immobilize the rhino to fit the collars 4 female fertility. Not only that but also a large proportion of the radio-collars 5 within the first 6 months and had to be replaced. 6 , as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them. The method was costly and had the unintended 7 of altering the rhinos’ behavior, making the collected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was working alongside local 8 . Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints. They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos’ activities without the use of any invasive (侵入的) techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers’ knowledge could be effectively 9 a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot 10 . If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be 11 whenever it is sighted again. If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a 12 of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. The data gathered can be used for a range of 13 , for example, to monitor biodiversity. WildTrack is currently using footprint identification technology in Greece to study the potential effect of a large highway construction through brown bear habitat. Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its 14 , however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度), and movement. To account for these 15 , it is necessary to collect multiple tracks from each animal on a range of surfaces. 1．A．flexibility B．diet C．movement D．behavior 2．A．fixed B．updated C．removed D．examined 3．A．opposed B．developed C．promoted D．adopted 4．A．enhanced B．harmed C．tested D．ensured 5．A．lasted B．matched C．failed D．bent 6．A．Therefore B．However C．Likewise D．Moreover 7．A．consequence B．mistake C．cause D．target 8．A．programmers B．photographers C．trackers D．officials 9．A．compared to B．translated into C．integrated into D．classified into 10．A．features B．sizes C．colors D．shapes 11．A．copied B．recognized C．erased D．marked 12．A．budget B．schedule C．blueprint D．database 13．A．purposes B．experiments C．solutions D．services 14．A．limitations B．losses C．challenges D．concerns 15．A．variations B．signs C．factors D．standards （2024·上海嘉定·一模）Carlo Rovelli’s book, There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, offers a refreshing perspective on learning, urging readers to pursue curiosity and exploration without worrying about practical outcomes. For Rovelli, 1 isn’t just a means to an end — it’s a way of experiencing the world, asking meaningful questions, and connecting with others. The book celebrates the joy of learning for its own sake, reminding readers that knowledge doesn’t need to be tied to a specific 2 to be valuable. In today’s fast-paced world, people often view education as a tool for 3 — getting good grades, securing a job, or achieving material goals. Rovelli 4 this mindset, showing that true learning is about much more than these practical objectives. It’s about broadening your mind, exploring new ideas, and finding 5 in the process. Rovelli draws on fascinating stories from science, history, and everyday life to make his point. 6 , he reflects on the revolutionary thinkers of the Renaissance (文艺复兴时期) who dared to question the belief that Earth was the center of the universe. These individuals weren’t 7 by profit or fame; they were motivated by pure curiosity and a desire to understand the world. Their discoveries didn’t just change science — they 8 how people viewed their place in the universe. Rovelli uses these examples to show that the act of learning itself can be 9 , inspiring new ways of thinking and seeing the world. Another key theme in the book is the connection between learning and wonder. Rovelli believes that curiosity is one of humanity’s greatest 10 , and he invites readers to cultivate it by exploring topics that arouse their interest. Whether it’s physics, art, philosophy, or even everyday experiences, the process of discovering something 11 can be deeply rewarding. He argues that this sense of wonder is what makes learning worthwhile — not the 12 it might bring. Rovelli also emphasizes that learning should never be limited by rules or expectations. Instead, it should be a creative, 13 journey. He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn. By doing so, he believes we can 14 a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, Rovelli offers a heartfelt reminder that learning isn’t just about facts or 15 — it’s about curiosity, wonder, and the joy of discovering new possibilities. 1．A．kindness B．thinking C．learning D．practice 2．A．preference B．purpose C．problem D．condition 3．A．communication B．success C．cooperation D．survival 4．A．challenges B．maintain C．presents D．extends 5．A．meaning B．solution C．conflict D．distinction 6．A．What’s more B．For example C．As a result D．On the contrary 7．A．rejected B．pursued C．observed D．driven 8．A．shifted B．revealed C．understood D．noticed 9．A．moderate B．appropriate C．expensive D．transformative 10．A．connections B．traditions C．strengths D．innovations 11．A．similar B．funny C．new D．dark 12．A．growth B．grades C．uncertainty D．wisdom 13．A．short B．affordable C．safe D．personal 14．A．unlock B．complicate C．complement D．expose 15．A．motivations B．interests C．results D．questions （2024·上海宝山·一模）At times we all wish that we knew what other people were thinking. 1 , people’s facial expressions, movements and posture (姿势) can communicate a lot about what is going on in their minds. Understanding these messages hidden in people’s language can require a lot of skill, but Joe Navarro’s book What EVERY BODY is Saying can help 2 that ability. Small changes in body language can help you recognize if someone is . Even when people don’t lie directly, they sometimes try to hide their feelings. Whether you are 4 with people in business or in your personal life, recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own. According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 5 their body language. Most facial expressions and gestures can mean several different things, so 6 when people use certain expressions. Recognizing this baseline can help you understand whether expressions and gestures indicate a(n) 7 to something you said or not. For example, rubbing one’s eyes may be a sign of 8 with a topic. But if the person has been rubbing their eyes 9 , they might just be tired. When people think of body language, facial expressions tend to come to mind, and these can tell you a lot. For example, if someone keeps looking away from you, they might be distracted or uncomfortable, and pressing one’s lips together often indicates 10 . And if someone keeps looking away or covering their mouth, it might mean they are 11 something. Some people have become good at controlling their facial expressions to conceal their 12 . When dealing with someone like that, look at the rest of their body, especially their feet and legs. Many people bounce their feet when they are happy or excited. 13 , if someone feels uncomfortable, they may point their feet away from the person they are speaking to. Proximity (接近，亲近) to other people is also part of body language. People stand closer to people they like or feel comfortable with than to strangers or people they don’t like. And posture also 14 . Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident, while sitting with crossed arms indicates that they feel 15 or uncomfortable. Body language can communicate a lot about people's thoughts and feelings, and thus, help you relate to them. 1．A．Frequently B．Generally C．Fortunately D．Frankly 2．A．provide B．develop C．discover D．arouse 3．A．lying B．thinking C．changing D．wishing 4．A．cooperating B．negotiating C．investigating D．interacting 5．A．misguiding B．misinterpreting C．mistrusting D．mismanaging 6．A．look out B．give out C．figure out D．put out 7．A．reaction B．result C．instinct D．insight 8．A．satisfaction B．anxiety C．appreciation D．discomfort 9．A．occasionally B．constantly C．suddenly D．gradually 10．A．agreement B．excitement C．depression D．displeasure 11．A．hiding B．criticizing C．transferring D．explaining 12．A．habits B．expressions C．emotions D．advantages 13．A．In principle B．In contrast C．In all D．In reality 14．A．adjusts B．follows C．moves D．matters 15．A．defensive B．ambitious C．dependent D．aggressive （2024·上海崇明·一模）Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 1 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 2 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 3 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 4 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 5 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 6 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 7 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 8 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 9 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 10 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 11 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 12 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 13 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 14 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 15 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 1．A．shortages B．restrictions C．contributions D．threats 2．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 3．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．commercial 4．A．limited B．extended C．publicized D．concealed 5．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 6．A．expanded B．constructed C．decorated D．repaired 7．A．exclusively B．digitally C．subjectively D．autonomously 8．A．clarified B．highlighted C．covered D．strategized 9．A．comes across B．turns over C．leaves behind D．lets alone 10．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 11．A．complicated B．irreproducible C．controversial D．immovable 12．A．virtual B．temporary C．conventional D．steady 13．A．imitated B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 14．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．classify 15．A．adaptation B．attention C．admission D．commitment （2024·上海浦东新·一模）Browse through any social-media feed, and before long a cute video will appear. The supply of these   1 clips, short parts of videos, is huge. On one social media platform there are 65 million videos tagged (贴标签) # cute. The demand is more 2 : those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times. Long dismissed as girlish and silly, cuteness has recently become a subject of serious 3 , inspiring scientific research and academic literature, named “Cute Studies”. A new exhibition in London also examined the dominance of cute qualities in culture, bringing together art, games and toys. Cuteness “has 4 ”, says Claire Catterall, the organizer. “It has made its way into almost every element of our lives.” What do humans perceive to be cute? In the 1940s, Konrad Lorenz, an Austrian zoologist, found that people are 5 to babies with big eyes and a small nose, as well as short arms, legs, because they bring joy. So obsessed with these characteristics that cats and dogs may have been 6 to bring out those same features. Cartoon characters have evolved as well. 7 , Mickey Mouse’s arms, legs and nose have shrunk while his head and eyes have become larger. It was exactly in the 20th century that cuteness dug in its 8 claw (爪). Walt Disney brought a parade of wide-eyed creatures across the world. Japanese kawaii culture also went global. After the emergence of mass production, cute toys became 9 attainable across the market. Sanrio, the company behind the Hello Kitty brand, 10 this trend, generating $3.8 billion in annual sales by producing products on an unmatched scale. Then, with the Internet, cuteness became 11 on demand. People could share amusing content of their children or favorite animals any time. In 2022, more than 90,000 videos of cats were uploaded to a major social media platform every day. Cuteness has real-world uses — Lovot, a wide-eyed companion robot, responds 12 when hugged. Such an innovation may help relieve 13 among the elderly. Policymakers, too, might employ this power to 14 people’s behaviour. Putting images on bins of sea turtles or dolphins trapped in rubbish has been shown to reduce plastic waste. Mr. Kringelbach says that an appreciation for cute things is a (n) 15 in itself, but it also “has the potential to change the world”. So why not use the power of cuteness to create a better, more loving world? 1．A．live B．casual C．adorable D．interactive 2．A．substantial B．urgent C．reasonable D．practical 3．A．commitment B．inquiry C．hazard D．competition 4．A．taken over B．broken in C．dated back D．fallen apart 5．A．accustomed B．exposed C．introduced D．attracted 6．A．walked B．shaped C．entertained D．monitored 7．A．On the contrary B．In addition C．For instance D．In other words 8．A．sharp B．scary C．powerful D．tiny 9．A．occasionally B．potentially C．temporarily D．readily 10．A．took advantage of B．looked forward to C．broke away from D．came up with 11．A．available B．flexible C．digital D．fundamental 12．A．thoroughly B．indifferently C．awkwardly D．positively 13．A．distraction B．duties C．loneliness D．doubts 14．A．redirect B．excuse C．display D．reward 15．A．issue B．delight C．reminder D．feature （24-25高三上·上海杨浦·期末）Don’t Kick the Robot Over the next decade, our relationships to our devices will become a lot more interesting. Advanced robot companions are extremely well-suited to tap into our social 1 and make us behave as though we’re interacting with something alive. What does it mean to be 2 or physically violent toward an artificial agent? People have already started to 3 . For example, during the mass 4 of virtual voice assistants, parents expressed concern that the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude. Major companies responded by releasing special features that encouraged the use of languages like ‘ 5 ’ to prevent children from barking commands at the devices. One 2015 research showed that there’s a link between people’s tendencies for sympathy and how they feel toward a robot. But that doesn’t answer the question of whether beating up robots makes people more 6 . Society has asked similar questions about video games, with some 7 results. Just because I play Grand Theft Auto Game doesn’t mean I try to run people over in the car park. Studies show that we behave differently toward embodied robots than characters on a screen, in part because we’re biologically hardwired to 8 physical motion. People will 9 treat any agent that moves like it’s alive. As robot design gets better, the line between alive and lifelike may continue to 10 in our subconscious minds. If so, maybe it would be great for people to take out their aggression and frustration on human-and animal-like robots that mimic pain. 11 , they aren’t harming a living being. On the other hand, it could be bad if it makes people insensitive to violence in other contexts. Would a child who grows up kicking a robot dog find it 12 to kick a real dog? Unfortunately, desensitization (脱敏) remains a difficult thing to study. For now, it seems pretty reasonable to keep robot 13 away from little children. But even for the rest of us, maybe it’s just not cool to treat an artificial agent poorly. Yes, it’s much better than 14 a living, breathing being, but why do it at all? As philosopher Vallor argues, it might be worth 15 kindness, instead. 1．A．media B．nature C．attitude D．change 2．A．orally B．mentally C．emotionally D．physiologically 3．A．suffer B．assume C．wonder D．inspect 4．A．adjustment B．absence C．awareness D．adoption 5．A．please B．sorry C．nasty D．perfect 6．A．tolerant B．violent C．mature D．inconsistent 7．A．definite B．positive C．inconclusive D．inaccurate 8．A．take in B．originate from C．react to D．associate with 9．A．readily B．coldly C．eventually D．obviously 10．A．emerge B．fade C．cross D．move 11．A．In addition B．After all C．In a way D．On the contrary 12．A．harder B．funnier C．easier D．worse 13．A．exposure B．company C．fancy D．abuse 14．A．mistreating B．mismanaging C．misleading D．misunderstanding 15．A．suspecting B．replacing C．spreading D．practising 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高三上·上海静安·期末）My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly. I would feel 1 when she used English on the way back from school. Speaking a different language made her, and even me, look strange. The linguistic (语言的) 2 of different languages during my childhood was held in place by numerous artificial divisions. English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father, and a language which I 3 regular visits to Italy. Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment. On trips to England to visit my mother’s family, I kept my French under 4 . In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid (混合的) nature. Safe identity was the three-sided 5 . However, after fully experiencing every benefit of my trilingual background, I became a father myself. Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual, I acted without 6 . Of course, introducing French into the family has undoubtedly been an additional 7 . It disturbs mealtimes and sets off 8 conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English. It makes the children feel they are being 9 with a native French speaker checking on them all along. And, despite their growing comprehension of French, they’ll find any 10 to walk a few steps behind me on the way to school to avoid a conversation in French. But I am persisting. I keep talking with them in French. And without intentional efforts, with the family occasionally talking in Italian, a third language is also integrating itself 11 into my children’s language web. Finally, the linguistic 12 of my upbringing has been copied on my children. No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world. Its domination, 13 , is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages. Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages, or they will have no linguistic 14 in a competitive world. And my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity and 15 of the world matter, after all. 1．A．regretful B．ashamed C．unique D．refreshed 2．A．co-hosting B．co-existence C．delivery D．co-authoring 3．A．traded for B．enclosed with C．equipped with D．restricted to 4．A．wraps B．guidance C．way D．construction 5．A．evolution B．controversy C．mask D．conquer 6．A．hesitation B．expense C．rhythm D．notice 7．A．negotiation B．routine C．complication D．highlight 8．A．identical B．inharmonious C．illegal D．innovative 9．A．judged B．guided C．reversed D．cheated 10．A．energy B．information C．excuse D．assistance 11．A．imperceptibly B．purposefully C．narrowly D．originally 12．A．output B．obstacle C．combination D．flow 13．A．for example B．however C．in addition D．in general 14．A．profile B．trace C．imitation D．edge 15．A．priority B．civilization C．diversity D．ambition （24-25高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）July 19th was a day for IT heroes. A routine software update caused computer outages in offices, hospitals and airports worldwide. Most white-collar workers looked sadly at their screens and realized just how useless they are if they cannot 1 . People in IT came to the rescue of helpless colleagues and 2 passengers. Their work that day was full of stress— but also full of meaning. If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work 3 ? This is not an idle question, but a serious one. Discussions about A in particular easily get lost in aypotherical (假设的) debates about wholesale job losses or, worse, the nature of consciousness. But technologies tend to spread in less 4 ways, task by task rather than role by role. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do. That transformation is likely to affect job satisfaction. Many employees give 5 to non-monetary rewards, such as job interest and engagement. A recent discussion paper surveyed American workers who had 6 jobs to find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better; they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits. However, a study revealed a concerning 7 : Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, 8 age, gender, skills and the type of work. While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks, 9 , they seem to have had the opposite effect. Why might this be? They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding. But the number of tasks that remain open to humans 10 , hurting both the variety of work and people’s understanding of the production process. Work becomes more routine, not less. However, machines don’t always have a (n) 11 impact. For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients. Consumer reactions to automation can also 12 . In an experiment to test how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set, people who 13 being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button. A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine; one that 14 your sense of identity is not. While it is stil too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work, one thing is clear: machines can make employees feel 15 about their work. Introducing new technologies in cooperation with employees, rather than imposing (勉强) them, and enhancing their sense of competence are crucial. Bosses who ignore these issues are missing something meaningful. 1．A．log in B．opt out C．show off D．hurry up 2．A．stranded B．responsible C．hesitant D．embarrassed 3．A．properly B．purposelessly C．continuously D．unwillingly 4．A．accessible B．casual C．dramatic D．dynamic 5．A．rise B．way C．priority D．insight 6．A．created B．switched C．completed D．evaluated 7．A．cause B．concept C．secret D．trend 8．A．rather than B．in case of C．according to D．regardless of 9．A．in practice B．as a result C．in short D．in addition 10．A．exists B．continues C．decreases D．emerges 11．A．negative B．powerful C．immediate D．significant 12．A．cease B．occur C．impress D．vary 13．A．occupied themselves with B．prided themselves on C．concentrated themselves on D．freed themselves of 14．A．lacks B．heightens C．threatens D．maintains 15．A．anxiously B．differently C．strongly D．oddly （2024·上海长宁·一模）Health care is a necessity for everyone, but not everyone has equal access to it. People in rural communities in particular face barriers to medical care that do not affect people in cities. This is true both in developed countries and in the developments and nonprofit organizations are working to address the 1 . One barrier to rural health care is 2 . Rural communities are 3 far from population centers, which means most small towns do not have large hospitals, so rural people need to travel long distances to see doctors. Rural areas also usually lack public transportation, which worsens the problem. Even if there is a hospital in a rural community, doctors often prefer to live in larger cities, so finding 4 can be challenging. Rural hospitals especially tend to lack specialists. Since each specialist only sees a small portion of the total number of patients, many hospitals 5 that they do not have enough patients who need the specialist to employ one. 6 , the patients who do need the specialist are forced to travel long distances or go without necessary treatment. In addition, in many countries, people in rural areas are more likely to live in poverty and struggle to pay for health care than urban residents. A variety of developments may help 7 some of these problems. One significant one is telehealth—using technology such as video conferences to allow patients to speak with doctors in 8 . Using telehealth, doctors cannot run tests or examine patients up close. The technology, 9 , can be useful for mental health care, follow-up appointments after surgery and the monitoring of enduring health issues. Sometimes if patients cannot travel to a clinic, the clinic will go to them. 10 health clinics are used in some areas to reach people who have trouble going to see a doctor. These traveling health units are often 11 than hospitals as well because they do not pay for as many facilities. Small rural hospitals that lack financial resources sometimes consider 12 larger networks that have access to better technology. These larger networks can also help rural hospitals bring on board new staff. Some countries try to motivate doctors to work in rural areas, offering slightly higher salaries or other benefits to those willing to 13 outside cities. They may also reward hospitals based on effectiveness in helping patients, 14 paying hospitals based on the number of procedures they perform. This could reduce costs for patients. While the problem of rural healthcare is 15 , these initiatives may help provide necessary treatment for people outside major cities. 1．A．affection B．medication C．inequality D．necessity 2．A．poverty B．environment C．administration D．transportation 3．A．by chance B．by definition C．by contrast D．by necessity 4．A．potential patients B．public service C．medical staff D．reputable experts 5．A．conclude B．predict C．demand D．propose 6．A．Subsequently B．However C．Meanwhile D．Consequently 7．A．sustain B．lessen C．detect D．indicate 8．A．depressed areas B．monitored centres C．other locations D．border regions 9．A．moreover B．otherwise C．therefore D．nevertheless 10．A．Modern B．Mobile C．Mechanical D．Multiple 11．A．cheaper B．less crowded C．fancier D．more endurable 12．A．transitioning to B．competing against C．partnering with D．investing in 13．A．relax B．practice C．specialize D．volunteer 14．A．as opposed to B．as well as C．regardless of D．prior to 15．A．solvable B．urgent C．critical D．complex （2024·上海虹口·一模）Manufacturing is a one-way business. Raw materials go into a factory and finished products come out. Once those goods are 1 , producers usually wash their hands of them. Certainly they do not worry that most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill, which 2 the planet. In only 50 years, the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big, to more than 100 billion tons, but only less than 9% of this is reused, resulting in a 3 of materials. Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling, but much of that is 4 intended to improve brand images. Yet even a company’s profits can 5 being environmentally friendly. This is especially so in the case of “gigafactories”, so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hours (GWh). Every carmaking country wants gigafactories. Batteries are the costliest part of an EV, so making them is 6 . But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain. Supply chains are long and complicated, and buyers risk their reputation 7 by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards. 8 materials makes sense. Being 9 , most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start. The result is a 10 production process. The idea is that once 11 reach the ends of their lives, they should go back to a factory, where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries. Gigafactories are not yet models of the circular economy, but they are laying the foundations. Northvolt, a battery-maker, aims by 2030 to produce 150GWh of batteries — enough to power some 2 million EVs. By then, around half its raw materials should come from recycling old batteries. Northvolt is not 12 . Using renewable power and other measures, CATL — the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries — thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero. Could other industries do something similar? Fast fashion is widely known as a(n) 13 business. It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just 13%. A big part of the reason is the use of mixed fibres, which are hard to recycle. Clothing companies could, like gigafactories, re-engineer their processes to use fibres that are easier to handle. Consumer electronics is another such 14 that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals. 15 could yet be made in the urban mining of last year’s cellphones and yesterday’s blouses. 1．A．accepted B．designed C．sold D．stored 2．A．rules B．saves C．heals D．pollutes 3．A．analysis B．availability C．waste D．variety 4．A．green-washing B．cost-cutting C．risk-taking D．trend-setting 5．A．add to B．benefit from C．center around D．invest in 6．A．innovative B．affordable C．profitable D．inefficient 7．A．being defended B．being hurt C．being spread D．being overlooked 8．A．Reusing B．Restoring C．Replacing D．Recharging 9．A．big B．new C．rich D．rare 10．A．full B．primary C．domestic D．circular 11．A．batteries B．factories C．vehicles D．suppliers 12．A．alone B．easy C．safe D．fair 13．A．dynamic B．unsustainable C．inacceptable D．competitive 14．A．gigafactory B．business C．company D．manufacturer 15．A．Exceptions B．Complaints C．Discoveries D．Fortunes 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 完形填空10篇(上海市高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 （2025·上海闵行·一模）Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the 1 , range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging (无线电标记). To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars can be 2 . One organization that 3 this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos (犀牛) in Namibia. However, the team soon realized that the chemicals used to immobilize the rhino to fit the collars 4 female fertility. Not only that but also a large proportion of the radio-collars 5 within the first 6 months and had to be replaced. 6 , as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them. The method was costly and had the unintended 7 of altering the rhinos’ behavior, making the collected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was working alongside local 8 . Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints. They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos’ activities without the use of any invasive (侵入的) techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers’ knowledge could be effectively 9 a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot 10 . If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be 11 whenever it is sighted again. If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a 12 of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. The data gathered can be used for a range of 13 , for example, to monitor biodiversity. WildTrack is currently using footprint identification technology in Greece to study the potential effect of a large highway construction through brown bear habitat. Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its 14 , however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度), and movement. To account for these 15 , it is necessary to collect multiple tracks from each animal on a range of surfaces. 1．A．flexibility B．diet C．movement D．behavior 2．A．fixed B．updated C．removed D．examined 3．A．opposed B．developed C．promoted D．adopted 4．A．enhanced B．harmed C．tested D．ensured 5．A．lasted B．matched C．failed D．bent 6．A．Therefore B．However C．Likewise D．Moreover 7．A．consequence B．mistake C．cause D．target 8．A．programmers B．photographers C．trackers D．officials 9．A．compared to B．translated into C．integrated into D．classified into 10．A．features B．sizes C．colors D．shapes 11．A．copied B．recognized C．erased D．marked 12．A．budget B．schedule C．blueprint D．database 13．A．purposes B．experiments C．solutions D．services 14．A．limitations B．losses C．challenges D．concerns 15．A．variations B．signs C．factors D．standards 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有效监测濒危物种的重要性，以及传统监测方法与现代技术（如无线电标记和脚印识别技术）在野生动物监测中的应用和挑战。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究野生动物的行动、活动范围和习性对于确保它们的栖息地免受开发和非法猎杀至关重要。A. flexibility灵活性；B. diet饮食；C. movement运动；D. behavior行为。根据空后“range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters.”以及“Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging(无线电标记).”可推测，本段讲述的是检测动物，由此可知空处指的是野生动物的活动。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为此，首先需要捕获单个动物，以便为它们佩戴项圈。A. fixed固定；B. updated更新；C. removed移除；D. examined检查。根据上文“Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging(无线电标记).”可知，传统的检测动物的方式包括无线电标记。由此可推测，首先要将动物捕获，然后给动物佩戴项圈，从而实现无线电检测故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：采用这种技术的组织之一是WildTrack。A. opposed反对；B. developed开发；C. promoted促进、提升；D. adopted采纳。根据下文“In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos (犀牛) in Namibia.”可知，该组织采用了这种方法。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，团队很快意识到，用于使犀牛昏迷以便佩戴项圈的化学物质损害了雌性犀牛的生育能力。A. enhanced提高；B. harmed伤害；C. tested测试；D. ensured确保。根据上下文可知，这里指的是项圈的坏处。再根据空前的“the chemicals”可推测，这种化学物质损害了雌性犀牛的生育能力。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，有很大一部分无线电项圈在最初6个月内就失效了，不得不进行更换。A. lasted持续；B. matched匹配；C. failed失败、失效；D. bent弯曲。根据下文“had to be replaced”可知，无线电项圈6个月内就失效需要更换。故选C。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，随着动物的成长，项圈会收紧，令它们感到烦恼甚至受伤。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Likewise同样地；D. Moreover此外。根据上文可知，上文提到了项圈的坏处；而空后“as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them.”则进一步提出了项圈不好的方面。故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种方法成本高昂，并产生了改变犀牛行为的意外后果，导致收集的数据不可靠。A. consequence后果；B. mistake错误；C. cause原因；D. target目标。根据空后“altering the rhinos’ behavior”可知，这种方法有改变犀牛行为的意外后果。而这样的结果则会导致收集的数据不可靠。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，该团队还与当地的追踪者合作。A. programmers程序员；B. photographers摄影师；C. trackers追踪者；D. officials官员。根据下文“Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints.”可知，该团队与当地的动物追踪者合作。故选C。 9．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，该团队很想知道追踪者的知识是否可以被有效地转化为一种计算机化的技术，用于监测动物的活动。A. compared to与……相比；B. translated into翻译为、转化为；C. integrated into融合；D. classified into分类为。根据空前“the trackers’ knowledge”以及空后“a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement”可推测，空处指的是将追踪者的知识转化为计算机化的技术。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每个物种中，每个个体都有自己独特的脚部特征。A. features特征；B. sizes大小；C. colors颜色；D. shapes形状。根据下文“If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be ___11___ whenever it is sighted again.”可知，物种个体有独特的脚部特征。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一只动物被看到并识别过一次，并且其脚印的特征被适当地拍照和测量，那么每当它再次被看到时，其脚印就可以被识别出来。A. copied复制；B. recognized识别；C. erased擦除；D. marked标记。根据上文内容可知，物种个体有独特的脚部特征。再根据从句“If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured”可推测，既然每个物种个体有独特的脚部特征，那么一旦这个脚印被记录和保存，那么再被观察到时，其脚印可以被识别出。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这一步骤被反复进行，保护主义者就可以建立一个数据库，涵盖种群中全部或至少大部分个体的信息。A. budget预算；B. schedule时间表；C. blueprint蓝图；D. database数据库。根据上文内容可知，物种个体有独特的脚部特征。而不断地进行记录保存脚印，时间久了就可以建立数据库，从而涵盖种群中全部或至少大部分个体的信息。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：收集到的数据可以用于多种目的，例如监测生物多样性。A. purposes目的；B. experiments实验；C. solutions解决方法；D. services服务。根据下文“for example, to monitor biodiversity.”可知，数据可以用于多种目的。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据地面的类型、湿度以及动物的移动情况，每次动物将脚放在地上时，都会留下略有不同的脚印，因此，从脚印中识别动物并非没有挑战。A. limitations限制；B. losses损失；C. challenges挑战；D. concerns担忧。根据下文“as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度), and movement”可知，由于地面的类型、湿度以及动物的移动情况，每次动物将脚放在地上时，都会留下略有不同的脚印。由此可知，从脚印中识别动物是具有挑战性的。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了考虑这些变化，有必要在各种地面上从每只动物身上收集多个脚印。A. variations变化；B. signs迹象；C. factors因素；D. standards标准。根据上文“Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its ___14___ , however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度), and movement.”可知，根据地面的类型、湿度以及动物的移动情况，每次动物将脚放在地上时，都会留下略有不同的脚印。因此为了考虑这些变化，有必要在各种地面上从每只动物身上收集多个脚印。故选A。 （2024·上海嘉定·一模）Carlo Rovelli’s book, There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, offers a refreshing perspective on learning, urging readers to pursue curiosity and exploration without worrying about practical outcomes. For Rovelli, 1 isn’t just a means to an end — it’s a way of experiencing the world, asking meaningful questions, and connecting with others. The book celebrates the joy of learning for its own sake, reminding readers that knowledge doesn’t need to be tied to a specific 2 to be valuable. In today’s fast-paced world, people often view education as a tool for 3 — getting good grades, securing a job, or achieving material goals. Rovelli 4 this mindset, showing that true learning is about much more than these practical objectives. It’s about broadening your mind, exploring new ideas, and finding 5 in the process. Rovelli draws on fascinating stories from science, history, and everyday life to make his point. 6 , he reflects on the revolutionary thinkers of the Renaissance (文艺复兴时期) who dared to question the belief that Earth was the center of the universe. These individuals weren’t 7 by profit or fame; they were motivated by pure curiosity and a desire to understand the world. Their discoveries didn’t just change science — they 8 how people viewed their place in the universe. Rovelli uses these examples to show that the act of learning itself can be 9 , inspiring new ways of thinking and seeing the world. Another key theme in the book is the connection between learning and wonder. Rovelli believes that curiosity is one of humanity’s greatest 10 , and he invites readers to cultivate it by exploring topics that arouse their interest. Whether it’s physics, art, philosophy, or even everyday experiences, the process of discovering something 11 can be deeply rewarding. He argues that this sense of wonder is what makes learning worthwhile — not the 12 it might bring. Rovelli also emphasizes that learning should never be limited by rules or expectations. Instead, it should be a creative, 13 journey. He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn. By doing so, he believes we can 14 a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, Rovelli offers a heartfelt reminder that learning isn’t just about facts or 15 — it’s about curiosity, wonder, and the joy of discovering new possibilities. 1．A．kindness B．thinking C．learning D．practice 2．A．preference B．purpose C．problem D．condition 3．A．communication B．success C．cooperation D．survival 4．A．challenges B．maintain C．presents D．extends 5．A．meaning B．solution C．conflict D．distinction 6．A．What’s more B．For example C．As a result D．On the contrary 7．A．rejected B．pursued C．observed D．driven 8．A．shifted B．revealed C．understood D．noticed 9．A．moderate B．appropriate C．expensive D．transformative 10．A．connections B．traditions C．strengths D．innovations 11．A．similar B．funny C．new D．dark 12．A．growth B．grades C．uncertainty D．wisdom 13．A．short B．affordable C．safe D．personal 14．A．unlock B．complicate C．complement D．expose 15．A．motivations B．interests C．results D．questions 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Carlo Rovelli的书中强调了非功利性学习的重要性，鼓励对知识的追求与探究。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于Rovelli来说，学习不仅仅是达到目的的手段——它是体验世界、提出有意义的问题和与他人连接的一种方式。A. kindness善良；B. thinking思维；C. learning学习；D. practice实践。根据下文“The book celebrates the joy of learning for its own sake, reminding readers that knowledge doesn’t need to be tied to a specific  ___2___  to be valuable.”可知，Rovelli在书中颂扬了学习本身的乐趣，所以对于Rovelli来说，学习不仅仅是一种达到目的的手段，学习是一种方式。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书颂扬了学习本身的乐趣，提醒读者知识不需要与特定的目的联系起来才有价值。A. preference偏好；B. purpose目的；C. problem问题；D. condition条件。根据下文“Rovelli  ___4___  this mindset, showing that true learning is about much more than these practical objectives.”可知，Rovelli表示真正的学习远远不止某些实际的目标，所以此处表示Rovelli的书提醒读者知识不需要与特定的目的联系起来。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在当今快节奏的世界里，人们往往将教育视为成功的工具——取得好成绩、找到工作或实现物质目标。A. communication沟通；B. success成功；C. cooperation合作；D. survival生存。根据下文“getting good grades, securing a job, or achieving material goals.”以及常识可知，取得好成绩、找到工作或实现物质目标会被视为成功，即教育被视为实现成功的工具。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rovelli挑战这种心态，展示了真正的学习远不止这些实际目标。A. challenges挑战；B. maintain维持；C. presents提出；D. extends扩展。根据上文“In today’s fast-paced world, people often view education as a tool for  ___3___  — getting good grades, securing a job, or achieving material goals.”以及下文“showing that true learning is about much more than these practical objectives.”可知，Rovelli的想法与人们常见的观点不同，所以此处表示Rovelli在挑战这种过于实用的观点。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是关于拓宽你的思维，探索新的想法，并在这个过程中找到意义。A. meaning意义；B. solution解决方法；C. conflict冲突；D. distinction区别。根据上文“It’s about broadening your mind, exploring new ideas,”以及语境可知，此处表示在拓宽思维探索新想法的过程中找到学习的意义。故选A。 6．考查副词短语应用。句意：例如，他反思了文艺复兴时期的革命性思想家，他们敢于质疑地球是宇宙中心的信念。A. What’s more此外；B. For example例如；C. As a result因此；D. On the contrary相反。根据上文“Rovelli draws on fascinating stories from science, history, and everyday life to make his point.”以及下文“he reflects on the revolutionary thinkers of the Renaissance (文艺复兴时期) who dared to question the belief that Earth was the center of the universe.”可知，Rovelli使用具体的故事来阐明自己的观点，下文进行举例说明，所以空处应用for example，表示“例如”。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些人不是被利益或名声驱动的；他们是被纯粹的好奇心和了解世界的愿望所驱动。A. rejected拒绝；B. pursued追求；C. observed观察；D. driven驱动。根据下文“they were motivated by pure curiosity and a desire to understand the world.”可知，此处表示这些人是被好奇心和了解世界的愿望驱动，而不是被利益或名声驱动。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的发现不仅改变了科学，还改变了人们是如何看待自己在宇宙中位置的。A. shifted改变；B. revealed揭示；C. understood理解；D. noticed注意。根据上文“Their discoveries didn’t just change science”以及语境可知，革命思想家们的发现不仅改变了科学，也改变了人们对于自己在宇宙中的位置的看法。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Rovelli用这些例子来展示，学习的行为本身可以是变革性的，鼓舞人们用新的方式思考和看待世界。A. moderate适度的；B. appropriate适当的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. transformative变革性的。根据下文“inspiring new ways of thinking and seeing the world.”可知，学习可以鼓舞人们用新的方式思考，用新的方式看待世界，所以此处表示学习本身可以是变革性的。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Rovelli相信，好奇心是人类最大的优势之一，并邀请读者通过探索激发兴趣的话题来培养它。A. connections连接；B. traditions传统；C. strengths优势；D. innovations创新。根据下文“he invites readers to cultivate it by exploring topics that arouse their interest.”以及“He argues that this sense of wonder is what makes learning worthwhile — not the  ___12___  it might bring.”可知，Rovelli相信好奇心是人类的优势，所以会邀请读者培养好奇心。故选C。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论是物理、艺术、哲学，甚至是日常经历，发现新事物的过程都可能是非常有回报的。A. similar相似的；B. funny有趣的；C. new新的；D. dark黑暗的。根据上文“Rovelli believes that curiosity is one of humanity’s greatest  ___10___  ,”、下文“He argues that this sense of wonder is what makes learning worthwhile — not the  ___12___  it might bring.”以及语境可知，此处表示好奇心是人类的优势，所以此处表示发现新事物，从中获得惊奇的感觉。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，正是这种惊奇感让学习变得有价值，而不是它可能带来的成绩。A. growth成长；B. grades成绩；C. uncertainty不确定性；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文“In today’s fast-paced world, people often view education as a tool for  ___3___  — getting good grades, securing a job, or achieving material goals.”以及语境可知，此处表示学习本身有价值，而不仅仅在于所取得的成绩。故选B。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，这应该是一次创造性的个人之旅。A. short短的；B. affordable可负担的；C. safe安全的；D. personal个人的。根据上文“Rovelli also emphasizes that learning should never be limited by rules or expectations.”和下文“He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn. By doing so, he believes we can  ___14___  a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us.”可知，学习永远不应该受到规则或期望的限制，这应该是有创造性的个人的旅程，深入了解自己和周围的世界。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，他相信我们可以更深入地了解自己和周围的世界。A. unlock揭开，揭示；B. complicate复杂化；C. complement补足，补充；D. expose揭露。根据上文“He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn.”可知，关注自己的兴趣，反思自己所学的东西，这会使人更深入了解自己和周围的世界，unlock a deeper understanding of表示“深入了解”。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness一书中，Rovelli衷心提醒我们，学习不仅仅是关于事实或结果，而是关于好奇心、好奇心和发现新可能性的乐趣。A. motivations动机；B. interests兴趣；C. results结果；D. questions问题。根据文章开头“Carlo Rovelli’s book, There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, offers a refreshing perspective on learning, urging readers to pursue curiosity and exploration without worrying about practical outcomes.”可知，Rovelli提醒我们的是，学习不仅仅是关于实际的结果，而是关于学习过程中的乐趣。故选C。 （2024·上海宝山·一模）At times we all wish that we knew what other people were thinking. 1 , people’s facial expressions, movements and posture (姿势) can communicate a lot about what is going on in their minds. Understanding these messages hidden in people’s language can require a lot of skill, but Joe Navarro’s book What EVERY BODY is Saying can help 2 that ability. Small changes in body language can help you recognize if someone is . Even when people don’t lie directly, they sometimes try to hide their feelings. Whether you are 4 with people in business or in your personal life, recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own. According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 5 their body language. Most facial expressions and gestures can mean several different things, so 6 when people use certain expressions. Recognizing this baseline can help you understand whether expressions and gestures indicate a(n) 7 to something you said or not. For example, rubbing one’s eyes may be a sign of 8 with a topic. But if the person has been rubbing their eyes 9 , they might just be tired. When people think of body language, facial expressions tend to come to mind, and these can tell you a lot. For example, if someone keeps looking away from you, they might be distracted or uncomfortable, and pressing one’s lips together often indicates 10 . And if someone keeps looking away or covering their mouth, it might mean they are 11 something. Some people have become good at controlling their facial expressions to conceal their 12 . When dealing with someone like that, look at the rest of their body, especially their feet and legs. Many people bounce their feet when they are happy or excited. 13 , if someone feels uncomfortable, they may point their feet away from the person they are speaking to. Proximity (接近，亲近) to other people is also part of body language. People stand closer to people they like or feel comfortable with than to strangers or people they don’t like. And posture also 14 . Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident, while sitting with crossed arms indicates that they feel 15 or uncomfortable. Body language can communicate a lot about people's thoughts and feelings, and thus, help you relate to them. 1．A．Frequently B．Generally C．Fortunately D．Frankly 2．A．provide B．develop C．discover D．arouse 3．A．lying B．thinking C．changing D．wishing 4．A．cooperating B．negotiating C．investigating D．interacting 5．A．misguiding B．misinterpreting C．mistrusting D．mismanaging 6．A．look out B．give out C．figure out D．put out 7．A．reaction B．result C．instinct D．insight 8．A．satisfaction B．anxiety C．appreciation D．discomfort 9．A．occasionally B．constantly C．suddenly D．gradually 10．A．agreement B．excitement C．depression D．displeasure 11．A．hiding B．criticizing C．transferring D．explaining 12．A．habits B．expressions C．emotions D．advantages 13．A．In principle B．In contrast C．In all D．In reality 14．A．adjusts B．follows C．moves D．matters 15．A．defensive B．ambitious C．dependent D．aggressive 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言在人际交往中的重要性，以及如何通过观察和理解他人的肢体语言来更好地理解和与他们相处。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，人们的面部表情、动作和姿势可以很好地传达他们的想法。A. Frequently经常；B. Generally通常；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Frankly坦率地。根据前文“At times we all wish that we knew what other people were thinking.”以及后文“people’s facial expressions, movements and posture (姿势) can communicate a lot about what is going on in their minds.”可知，人们希望知道他人想什么，而人们的面部表情、动作和姿势可以很好地传达他们的想法，所以是幸运的。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：理解这些隐藏在人们语言中的信息可能需要很多技巧，但乔·纳瓦罗的书《每个人都在说什么》可以帮助培养这种能力。A. provide提供；B. develop发展；C. discover发现；D. arouse唤起。根据前文“Joe Navarro’s book What EVERY BODY is Saying”可知，书籍应是帮助培养这种能力。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：肢体语言的微小变化可以帮助你识别某人是否在撒谎。A. lying撒谎；B. thinking思考；C. changing改变；D. wishing希望。根据后文“Even when people don’t lie directly, they sometimes try to hide their feelings.”可知，微小变化可以帮助你识别某人是否在撒谎。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你是在工作中还是在个人生活中与人交往，认识到这些感觉可以帮助你找到他们和你自己的兴趣。A. cooperating合作；B. negotiating谈判；C. investigating调查；D. interacting互动。根据后文“recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own”可知，识别这些感觉，也就是撒谎，而撒谎需要先互动，所以是在工作中还是在个人生活中与人互动。故选D项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据纳瓦罗的说法，为一个人的行为建立一个底线对于避免误解他们的肢体语言很重要。A. misguiding误导；B. misinterpreting误解；C. mistrusting不信任；D. mismanaging管理不善。根据后文“Recognizing this baseline can help you understand whether expressions and gestures indicate a(n) 　　7　　　 to something you said or not.”可知，认识到这个基线可以帮助理解他人，也就是避免误解。故选B项。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数面部表情和手势都有不同的含义，所以要弄清楚人们什么时候会使用特定的表情。A. look out当心；B. give out发出；C. figure out弄明白；D. put out扑灭。根据前文“According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 　　5　　 their body language.”可知，为一个人的行为建立一个底线，需要先弄清楚人们什么时候会使用特定的表情。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：认识到这个底线可以帮助你理解表情和手势是否表示对你所说的事情的反应。A. reaction反应；B. result结果；C. instinct本能；D. insight洞察力。根据前文“According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 　　5　　 their body language.”可知，为一个人的行为建立一个底线对于避免误解他们的肢体语言很重要，因为可以帮助你理解表情和手势是否表示对你所说的事情的反应。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，揉眼睛可能表示对某个话题感到不舒服。A. satisfaction满意；B. anxiety焦虑；C. appreciation感激；D. discomfort不适。根据前文“rubbing one’s eyes”结合选项可知，揉眼睛表示不专注，也就是对话题不敢兴趣，对某个话题感到不舒服。故选D项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但如果这个人一直在揉眼睛，他们可能只是累了。A. occasionally偶尔；B. constantly不断地；C. suddenly突然；D. gradually逐渐地。根据后文“they might just be tired.”根据常识，一个人累了，应是一直在揉眼睛。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果有人一直不看你，他们可能会分心或不舒服，而噘起嘴唇通常表示不高兴。A. agreement同意；B. excitement兴奋；C. depression沮丧；D. displeasure不悦。根据前文“and pressing one’s lips together”根据常识可知，噘起嘴唇通常表示不高兴。故选D项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果有人一直看别处或捂住嘴，这可能意味着他们在隐瞒什么。A. hiding隐藏；B. criticizing批评；C. transferring转移；D. explaining解释。根据前文“if someone keeps looking away or covering their mouth”可知，有人一直看别处或捂住嘴，是心虚的表现，所以是意味着他们在隐瞒什么。故选A项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人已经变得善于控制他们的面部表情来隐藏他们的情绪。A. habits习惯；B. expressions表达；C. emotions情感；D. advantages优势。根据前文“When people think of body language, facial expressions tend to come to mind, and these can tell you a lot.”以及第四段内容可知，面部表情会泄露本身情绪，所以此处是控制他们的面部表情来隐藏他们的情绪。故选C项。 13．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相反，如果有人觉得不舒服，他们可能会把脚指向远离他们正在说话的人。A. In principle原则上；B. In contrast相反；C. In all总共；D. In reality实际上。根据前文“Many people bounce their feet when they are happy or excited.”以及后文“if someone feels uncomfortable, they may point their feet away from the person they are speaking to.”可知，前后文是相反的例子。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：姿势也很重要。A. adjusts调整；B. follows跟随；C. moves移动；D. matters重要。根据后文“Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident”可知，可以从姿势判断人的情绪，所以姿势也很重要。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坐直或站直可以表明某人感到自信，而双臂交叉坐着则表明他们感到防御或不舒服。A. defensive防御性的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. dependent依赖的；D. aggressive攻击性的。根据后文“or uncomfortable”可知，空处和uncomfortable并列，意思相近，所以应是“defensive防御性的”符合语境。故选A项。 （2024·上海崇明·一模）Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 1 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 2 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 3 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 4 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 5 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 6 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 7 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 8 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 9 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 10 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 11 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 12 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 13 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 14 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 15 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 1．A．shortages B．restrictions C．contributions D．threats 2．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 3．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．commercial 4．A．limited B．extended C．publicized D．concealed 5．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 6．A．expanded B．constructed C．decorated D．repaired 7．A．exclusively B．digitally C．subjectively D．autonomously 8．A．clarified B．highlighted C．covered D．strategized 9．A．comes across B．turns over C．leaves behind D．lets alone 10．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 11．A．complicated B．irreproducible C．controversial D．immovable 12．A．virtual B．temporary C．conventional D．steady 13．A．imitated B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 14．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．classify 15．A．adaptation B．attention C．admission D．commitment 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了敦煌莫高窟的管理人员正试图通过创新措施，既可以让游客探索该遗址又可以保护其壁画。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：敦煌研究院敦煌石窟监测中心主任王小伟表示，沙尘暴、降雨和游客的到访是对这一联合国教科文组织世界遗产最严重的威胁。A. shortages短缺；B. restrictions限制；C. contributions贡献；D. threats威胁。根据空格前的“Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits”以及常识可知，沙尘暴、降雨和游客参观这些因素会对文化遗产构成威胁。故选D项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自1979年莫高窟向公众开放以来，游客数量以年均20%左右的速度增长，2019年达到215万人次。A. doubling使加倍；B. growing增加；C. continuing继续；D. varying变化。根据空格后的“at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019”和该段最后一句“The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals”可知，此处表示游客的数量在增加。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果你在旅游高峰的7、8、9月份进入洞穴，你会发现呼吸困难，”王说。A. cultural文化的；B. previous先前的；C. peak高峰时期的；D. commercial商业的。根据下文的“you’ll find it hard to breathe”和该段最后一句“The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said.”以及常识可知，只有在旅游高峰期，游客变多时，人们才会出现呼吸困难的情况，人们呼出的潮气才会增加。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保护洞穴，参观的时间是有限的，有时在下雨或沙尘暴期间停止。A. limited限制；B. extended延伸；C. publicized公布，公开；D. concealed隐藏。根据上文的“To preserve the caves”可知，此处表示为了保护洞穴，对参观的时间进行了限制。故选A项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，为了确保游客在限制措施实施时不会失望，该中心提供了一个数字展览。A. confused困惑的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. scared害怕的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文的“when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition”可知，在游览时间受限制时，为游客提供数字展览，这是为了不让游客失望。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，该中心正在扩建，在现有6000名游客的基础上再容纳3000名游客。A. expanded扩展；B. constructed建造；C. decorated装饰；D. repaired修复。根据下文的“accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000”可知，此处表示通过扩建，使得可容纳游客的数量再增加3000人。故选A项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：30多年前，敦煌研究院开始对壁画和彩绘雕塑的图像进行数字化记录和存储。A. exclusively单独地，仅仅；B. digitally数字地；C. subjectively主观地；D. autonomously自主地。根据下文的“recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures”和“The digitization project”可知，此处指的是进行数字化记录和存储。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该数字化项目已经成功覆盖了200多个洞穴，目前有110名专家负责这项工作。A. clarified澄清；B. highlighted突出显示，强调；C. covered覆盖，包括；D. strategized制定战略。根据上文的“recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures”和“The digitization project”可知，此处指的是数字化项目覆盖的洞穴。故选C项。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：中科院文化遗产数字化研究所副所长丁晓生表示：“数字技术不仅为文化旅游服务，还为后代留下了一份历史记录。A. comes across遇到；B. turns over翻转；C. leaves behind留下；D. lets alone更不用说。根据下文的“for future generations”可知，此处指的是为后代留下一份历史记录。故选C项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据敦煌研究院院长苏伯民介绍，数字化还将莫高窟的奇观带给了全球观众。A. global全球的；B. professional专业的；C. technological技术的；D. different不同的。根据该段最后一句“However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.(然而，通过数字化，我们可以完美地复制敦煌艺术并在世界范围内展示，将东方文化介绍给世界)”可知，数字化将莫高窟的奇观带给了全球观众。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“莫高窟是不可移动的，运输它们是不可能的，”苏说。A. complicated复杂的；B. irreproducible不能复制的；C. controversial有争议的；D. immovable不可移动的。根据下文的“transporting them is impossible”以及常识可知，莫高窟是不可能移动的。故选D项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2016年，数字敦煌上线，分享了全球最美丽的30个洞穴的高清图像和虚拟之旅。A. virtual虚拟的；B. temporary临时的；C. conventional常规的；D. steady稳定的。根据上文的“In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images”可知，数字敦煌上线，提供的是虚拟旅行。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，来自78个国家的游客参观了这些壁画，共计超过1680万人次。A. imitated模仿；B. accessed访问；C. praised赞美；D. purchased购买。根据上文的“In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 　12　tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally.”可知，数字敦煌上线，提供了虚拟旅行，其他国家的游客在网上就可以参观莫高窟的壁画。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏说，敦煌可以通过其遗迹提供多样化的文化交流。A. reject拒绝；B. provide提供；C. adjust调整；D. classify分类。根据下文的“By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 　15　 to diverse cultural exchanges”可知，敦煌通过其遗迹提供了多样化的文化交流，让全世界的人了解敦煌文化。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“通过将这些遗迹数字化，我们可以让世界人民了解敦煌文化，从而更深刻地理解中国在历史上致力于多元文化交流的理念，即包容、互学、共享命运。”A. adaptation适应；B. attention注意；C. admission承认，供认；D. commitment投入，奉献。根据下文的“that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future”可知，此处指的是中国一直致力于多元文化的交流。故选D项。 （2024·上海浦东新·一模）Browse through any social-media feed, and before long a cute video will appear. The supply of these   1 clips, short parts of videos, is huge. On one social media platform there are 65 million videos tagged (贴标签) # cute. The demand is more 2 : those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times. Long dismissed as girlish and silly, cuteness has recently become a subject of serious 3 , inspiring scientific research and academic literature, named “Cute Studies”. A new exhibition in London also examined the dominance of cute qualities in culture, bringing together art, games and toys. Cuteness “has 4 ”, says Claire Catterall, the organizer. “It has made its way into almost every element of our lives.” What do humans perceive to be cute? In the 1940s, Konrad Lorenz, an Austrian zoologist, found that people are 5 to babies with big eyes and a small nose, as well as short arms, legs, because they bring joy. So obsessed with these characteristics that cats and dogs may have been 6 to bring out those same features. Cartoon characters have evolved as well. 7 , Mickey Mouse’s arms, legs and nose have shrunk while his head and eyes have become larger. It was exactly in the 20th century that cuteness dug in its 8 claw (爪). Walt Disney brought a parade of wide-eyed creatures across the world. Japanese kawaii culture also went global. After the emergence of mass production, cute toys became 9 attainable across the market. Sanrio, the company behind the Hello Kitty brand, 10 this trend, generating $3.8 billion in annual sales by producing products on an unmatched scale. Then, with the Internet, cuteness became 11 on demand. People could share amusing content of their children or favorite animals any time. In 2022, more than 90,000 videos of cats were uploaded to a major social media platform every day. Cuteness has real-world uses — Lovot, a wide-eyed companion robot, responds 12 when hugged. Such an innovation may help relieve 13 among the elderly. Policymakers, too, might employ this power to 14 people’s behaviour. Putting images on bins of sea turtles or dolphins trapped in rubbish has been shown to reduce plastic waste. Mr. Kringelbach says that an appreciation for cute things is a (n) 15 in itself, but it also “has the potential to change the world”. So why not use the power of cuteness to create a better, more loving world? 1．A．live B．casual C．adorable D．interactive 2．A．substantial B．urgent C．reasonable D．practical 3．A．commitment B．inquiry C．hazard D．competition 4．A．taken over B．broken in C．dated back D．fallen apart 5．A．accustomed B．exposed C．introduced D．attracted 6．A．walked B．shaped C．entertained D．monitored 7．A．On the contrary B．In addition C．For instance D．In other words 8．A．sharp B．scary C．powerful D．tiny 9．A．occasionally B．potentially C．temporarily D．readily 10．A．took advantage of B．looked forward to C．broke away from D．came up with 11．A．available B．flexible C．digital D．fundamental 12．A．thoroughly B．indifferently C．awkwardly D．positively 13．A．distraction B．duties C．loneliness D．doubts 14．A．redirect B．excuse C．display D．reward 15．A．issue B．delight C．reminder D．feature 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．A 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了“可爱”文化的发展及其在现实生活中的广泛应用。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些可爱的视频片段、短视频的供应量是巨大的。A. live活的；B. casual随便的；C. adorable可爱的；D. interactive互动的。根据前文“before long a cute video will appear.(不久就会出现一个可爱的视频。)”以及后文“On one social media platform there are 65 million videos tagged (贴标签) # cute.”可知，这些视频片段被打上了可爱视频的标签，因此这些视频都是可爱的视频。故选C项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：需求更大：这些视频的观看次数已超过250亿次。A. substantial大量的，重大的；B. urgent紧急的；C. reasonable合理的；D. practical实际的。根据下文“those videos have been viewed more than 25 billion times”可知，这些视频的观看次数已超过250亿次，说明需求是很大的。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：可爱曾一度被视为幼稚和愚蠢，但最近已成为一个严肃的研究课题，激发了科学研究和学术文献，被称为“可爱研究”。A. commitment承诺；B. inquiry调查，研究；C. hazard危害；D. competition比赛。根据下文“inspiring scientific research and academic literature, named ‘Cute Studies’”可知，可爱如今已成为一个严肃的研究课题，激发了科学研究和学术文献，被称为“可爱研究”。故选B项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：组织者克莱尔·卡特尔说：“可爱已经席卷一切”。“它已经渗透到我们生活的方方面面。”A. taken over接管，席卷；B. broken in打断；C. dated back追溯到；D. fallen apart崩溃。根据下文“It has made its way into almost every element of our lives.”可知，可爱已经渗透到生活的方方面面，因此可爱已经席卷一切。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪40年代，奥地利动物学家康拉德·洛伦兹发现，人们被大眼睛、小鼻子以及短胳膊短腿的婴儿所吸引，因为它们能带来快乐。A. accustomed使习惯；B. exposed暴露；C. introduced介绍；D. attracted吸引。根据下文“as well as short arms, legs, because they bring joy”可知，大眼睛、小鼻子以及短胳膊短腿的婴儿能带来快乐，所以人们被这样的婴儿所吸引。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们对这些特征如此着迷，以至于猫和狗可能被塑造成具有这些相同的特征。A. walked行走；B. shaped塑造；C. entertained娱乐；D. monitored监视。根据上文“So obsessed with these characteristics”可知，人们对大眼睛、小鼻子以及短胳膊短腿的婴儿的特征如此着迷，以至于猫和狗可能也被塑造成具有这些相同的特征。故选B项。 7．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，米老鼠的胳膊、腿和鼻子都变小了，而他的头和眼睛却变大了。A. On the contrary正相反；B. In addition另外；C. For instance例如；D. In other words换句话说。根据上文“Cartoon characters have evolved as well”可知，卡通人物也发生了变化，所以此处是在举例说明。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是在20世纪，可爱伸出了它的小爪子。A. sharp锋利的；B. scary吓人的；C. powerful强大的；D. tiny极小的。根据上文“It was exactly in the 20th century”可知，20世纪是可爱的卡通人物发展的时期，因此，此时可爱伸出的是小小的爪子。故选D项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在大规模生产出现后，可爱的玩具在市场上很容易买到。A. occasionally偶尔；B. potentially可能地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. readily容易地。根据上文“After the emergence of mass production”可知，大规模生产出现后，可爱的玩具在市场上是很容易买到的。故选D项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：三丽鸥公司利用了这一趋势，通过生产规模无与伦比的产品，创造了38亿美元的年销售额。A. took advantage of利用；B. looked forward to期待；C. broke away from摆脱；D. came up with提出。根据下文“generating $3.8 billion in annual sales by producing products on an unmatched scale”可知，三丽鸥公司通过生产规模无与伦比的产品，创造了38亿美元的年销售额，所以它是利用了可爱玩具在市场上容易买到的这一趋势。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，随着互联网的发展，可爱变得按需可得。A. available可获得的；B. flexible灵活的；C. digital数字的；D. fundamental基本的。根据上文“Then, with the Internet”可知，有了互联网，可爱变得可以按需获得。故选A项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Lovot是一个睁着大眼睛的伴侣机器人，当被拥抱时会积极地回应。A. thoroughly彻底地；B. indifferently冷淡地；C. awkwardly笨拙地；D. positively积极地。根据上文“a wide-eyed companion robot”可知，Lovot是一个睁着大眼睛的伴侣机器人，所以它应该是积极地回应被拥抱。故选D项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的创新可能有助于缓解老年人的孤独感。A. distraction分心；B. duties职责；C. loneliness孤独；D. doubts怀疑。根据上文“Lovot is a wide-eyed companion robot”可知，Lovot是一个睁着大眼睛的伴侣机器人，它陪伴在老人身边，应该是可以缓解老人的孤独感。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：政策制定者也可以利用这种力量来改变人们的行为。A. redirect改变；B. excuse原谅；C. display展示；D. reward奖励。根据上文“Cuteness has real-world uses”及下文“Putting images on bins of sea turtles or dolphins trapped in rubbish has been shown to reduce plastic waste”可知，可爱在现实生活中有实际用途，比如把被困在垃圾中的海龟或海豚的图像放在垃圾箱上，可以减少塑料垃圾，这说明政策制定者也可以利用可爱的力量来改变人们的行为。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Kringelbach说，对可爱事物的欣赏本身就是一种乐趣，但它也有“改变世界的潜力”。A. issue问题；B. delight乐趣；C. reminder提醒；D. feature特点。根据上文“Cuteness has real-world uses”以及“an appreciation for cute things”以及下文“but it also ‘has the potential to change the world’”可知，可爱有改变世界的潜力，那么对可爱事物的欣赏本身就是一种乐趣。故选B项。 （24-25高三上·上海杨浦·期末）Don’t Kick the Robot Over the next decade, our relationships to our devices will become a lot more interesting. Advanced robot companions are extremely well-suited to tap into our social 1 and make us behave as though we’re interacting with something alive. What does it mean to be 2 or physically violent toward an artificial agent? People have already started to 3 . For example, during the mass 4 of virtual voice assistants, parents expressed concern that the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude. Major companies responded by releasing special features that encouraged the use of languages like ‘ 5 ’ to prevent children from barking commands at the devices. One 2015 research showed that there’s a link between people’s tendencies for sympathy and how they feel toward a robot. But that doesn’t answer the question of whether beating up robots makes people more 6 . Society has asked similar questions about video games, with some 7 results. Just because I play Grand Theft Auto Game doesn’t mean I try to run people over in the car park. Studies show that we behave differently toward embodied robots than characters on a screen, in part because we’re biologically hardwired to 8 physical motion. People will 9 treat any agent that moves like it’s alive. As robot design gets better, the line between alive and lifelike may continue to 10 in our subconscious minds. If so, maybe it would be great for people to take out their aggression and frustration on human-and animal-like robots that mimic pain. 11 , they aren’t harming a living being. On the other hand, it could be bad if it makes people insensitive to violence in other contexts. Would a child who grows up kicking a robot dog find it 12 to kick a real dog? Unfortunately, desensitization (脱敏) remains a difficult thing to study. For now, it seems pretty reasonable to keep robot 13 away from little children. But even for the rest of us, maybe it’s just not cool to treat an artificial agent poorly. Yes, it’s much better than 14 a living, breathing being, but why do it at all? As philosopher Vallor argues, it might be worth 15 kindness, instead. 1．A．media B．nature C．attitude D．change 2．A．orally B．mentally C．emotionally D．physiologically 3．A．suffer B．assume C．wonder D．inspect 4．A．adjustment B．absence C．awareness D．adoption 5．A．please B．sorry C．nasty D．perfect 6．A．tolerant B．violent C．mature D．inconsistent 7．A．definite B．positive C．inconclusive D．inaccurate 8．A．take in B．originate from C．react to D．associate with 9．A．readily B．coldly C．eventually D．obviously 10．A．emerge B．fade C．cross D．move 11．A．In addition B．After all C．In a way D．On the contrary 12．A．harder B．funnier C．easier D．worse 13．A．exposure B．company C．fancy D．abuse 14．A．mistreating B．mismanaging C．misleading D．misunderstanding 15．A．suspecting B．replacing C．spreading D．practising 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是人类与人工智能体（特别是机器人）之间关系的演变，以及这种关系可能带来的社会和心理影响。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：先进的机器人伴侣非常适合挖掘我们的社交天性，让我们的行为就像我们在与活物互动一样。A. media媒体；B. nature天性；C. attitude态度；D. change改变。根据下文“make us behave as though we’re interacting with something alive”可知，此处是指机器人非常适合挖掘我们的社交天性。故选B。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：对人工智能体实施口头或身体暴力意味着什么？A. orally口头上地；B. mentally精神上；C. emotionally情绪上；D. physiologically生理学方面。根据第5空后“prevent children from barking commands at the devices”可知，此处是指对人工智能体实施口头暴力，空格处意为“口头上地”。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们已经开始怀疑了。A. suffer遭受；B. assume假定；C. wonder想知道；D. inspect检查，审视。根据下文“parents expressed concern that the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude”可知，人们已经开始怀疑人们和人工智能体的关系。固定搭配start to wonder“开始想知道：开始对某事产生疑问或好奇心”。故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，在大量采用虚拟语音助手期间，家长们担心客厅里的小扬声器会教会孩子们变得粗鲁。A. adjustment调整；B. absence缺席；C. awareness意识；D. adoption采用。根据下文“the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude”可知，此处是指采用虚拟语音助手。故选D。 5．考查感叹词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：大公司的回应是发布了一些特殊功能，鼓励使用“请”等语言，以防止孩子们对着这些设备吠叫。A. please请；B. sorry对不起；C. nasty恶毒的；D. perfect完美的。根据下文“to prevent children from barking commands at the devices”可知，为了防止孩子对人工智能体的语言暴力，所以鼓励使用“请”这种礼貌用语。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这并没有回答殴打机器人是否会让人变得更暴力的问题。A. tolerant容忍的；B. violent暴力的；C. mature成熟的；D. inconsistent不一致的。根据上文“whether beating up robots makes people more”可知，此处是指殴打机器人是否会让人变得更暴力。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：社会对电子游戏也提出了类似的问题，但有些结果不确定。A. definite肯定的；B. positive积极的；C. inconclusive不确定的；D. inaccurate不准确的。根据下文“Just because I play Grand Theft Auto Game doesn’t mean I try to run people over in the car park.”可知，结果是不确定的。故选C。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究表明，我们对机器人的反应与对屏幕上人物的反应不同，部分原因是我们天生就会对身体运动做出反应。A. take in吸收；B. originate from起源于；C. react to对……做出反应；D. associate with和……联系在一起。根据上文“we behave differently toward embodied robots than characters on a screen, in part because we’re biologically hardwired to”可知，我们天生就会对身体运动做出反应。故选C。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们会很容易地把任何行动起来像是有生命一样的实体视为有生命的。A. readily容易地；B. coldly冷淡地；C. eventually最后；D. obviously显然。根据下文“treat any agent that moves like it’s alive”和常识可知，人们会很容易地把任何行动起来像是有生命一样的实体视为有生命的，空格处意为“容易地”。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着机器人的设计越来越好，在我们的潜意识里，活生生和栩栩如生之间的界限可能会逐渐消失。A. emerge出现；B. fade消失；C. cross穿过；D. move移动。根据上文“As robot design gets better”可知，随着机器人的设计越来越好，活生生和栩栩如生之间的界限可能会逐渐消失。故选B。 11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，他们并没有伤害任何生物。A. In addition另外；B. After all毕竟；C. In a way在某种程度上；D. On the contrary相反。根据上文“it would be great for people to take out their aggression and frustration on human-and animal-like robots that mimic pain”和下文“they aren’t harming a living being”可知，此处表示毕竟他们并没有伤害任何生物。故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个踢机器狗长大的孩子会觉得踢真狗更容易吗？A. harder更难的；B. funnier更有趣的；C. easier更容易的；D. worse更糟的。根据下文“Unfortunately, desensitization (脱敏) remains a difficult thing to study”可知，此处是问一个踢机器狗长大的孩子会觉得踢真狗更容易吗。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就目前而言，让孩子远离机器人虐待似乎是相当合理的。A. exposure暴露；B. company公司；C. fancy想象；D. abuse虐待。根据第一段“What does it mean to be 2 or physically violent toward an artificial agent?”可知，此处是指让孩子远离机器人虐待。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：是的，这比虐待一个活生生的、有呼吸的生物要好得多，但为什么要这样做呢？A. mistreating虐待；B. mismanaging对……管理不善；C. misleading误导；D. misunderstanding误解。根据上文“treat an artificial agent poorly”可知，此处是指“这比虐待一个活生生的、有呼吸的生物要好得多”。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如哲学家Vallor所言，相反，练习善良可能是值得的。A. suspecting怀疑；B. replacing代替；C. spreading传播；D. practising练习。根据上文“keep robot abuse away from little children”可知，远离机器人虐待，也就是要练习善良。故选D。 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高三上·上海静安·期末）My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly. I would feel 1 when she used English on the way back from school. Speaking a different language made her, and even me, look strange. The linguistic (语言的) 2 of different languages during my childhood was held in place by numerous artificial divisions. English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father, and a language which I 3 regular visits to Italy. Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment. On trips to England to visit my mother’s family, I kept my French under 4 . In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid (混合的) nature. Safe identity was the three-sided 5 . However, after fully experiencing every benefit of my trilingual background, I became a father myself. Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual, I acted without 6 . Of course, introducing French into the family has undoubtedly been an additional 7 . It disturbs mealtimes and sets off 8 conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English. It makes the children feel they are being 9 with a native French speaker checking on them all along. And, despite their growing comprehension of French, they’ll find any 10 to walk a few steps behind me on the way to school to avoid a conversation in French. But I am persisting. I keep talking with them in French. And without intentional efforts, with the family occasionally talking in Italian, a third language is also integrating itself 11 into my children’s language web. Finally, the linguistic 12 of my upbringing has been copied on my children. No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world. Its domination, 13 , is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages. Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages, or they will have no linguistic 14 in a competitive world. And my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity and 15 of the world matter, after all. 1．A．regretful B．ashamed C．unique D．refreshed 2．A．co-hosting B．co-existence C．delivery D．co-authoring 3．A．traded for B．enclosed with C．equipped with D．restricted to 4．A．wraps B．guidance C．way D．construction 5．A．evolution B．controversy C．mask D．conquer 6．A．hesitation B．expense C．rhythm D．notice 7．A．negotiation B．routine C．complication D．highlight 8．A．identical B．inharmonious C．illegal D．innovative 9．A．judged B．guided C．reversed D．cheated 10．A．energy B．information C．excuse D．assistance 11．A．imperceptibly B．purposefully C．narrowly D．originally 12．A．output B．obstacle C．combination D．flow 13．A．for example B．however C．in addition D．in general 14．A．profile B．trace C．imitation D．edge 15．A．priority B．civilization C．diversity D．ambition 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者因为童年时期语言环境复杂而害怕母亲在公共场合说英语，但成为父亲后，作者坚持让孩子接触多种语言，认为世界的多样性和丰富性很重要。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她在放学回家的路上说英语时，我会感到羞耻。A. regretful后悔的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. unique独特的；D. refreshed恢复精神的。根据前文“My greatest fear when growing up in a French countryside was that my English mother would speak to me in public in her native tongue loudly.(我在法国农村长大，最大的恐惧是我的英国母亲会在公共场合大声用她的母语对我说话)”可知，作者的母亲会在公共场合大声说英语，作者作为法国人，在公共场合听到母亲说英语会感到羞愧，故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的童年时代，不同语言的共存是由许多人为的划分来维持的。A. co-hosting联合主办；B. co-existence共存；C. delivery递送；D. co-authoring合著。根据后文“English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family.(英语是我们家说的语言。法语是为了上学，一般来说是为了家庭以外的一切)”以及“Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father”可知，作者家里会说英语和法语，即多种语言共存，故选B。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后是意大利语，一种我与父亲联系在一起的语言，一种我限制在定期访问意大利时使用的语言。A. traded for换得；B. enclosed with围住；C. equipped with配备；D. restricted to限于。根据后文“regular visits to Italy”可知，作者只有去意大利才有使用意大利语，即仅限于去意大利才使用，故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去英国拜访我母亲的家人时，我隐藏了自己的法语。A. wraps外衣；B. guidance指导；C. way方法；D. construction建造。根据后文“In Italy, I stuck to topics I knew well, in case a random English or French word would reveal my hybrid nature.(在意大利，我坚持讲我熟悉的话题，以防随便一个英语或法语单词会暴露了我的混合身份)”可知，作者会隐藏与当地不符的语言，keep sth. under wraps意为“把某事隐藏起来，把某事保密”，故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：安全身份是三面面具。A. evolution进化；B. controversy争议；C. mask面具，口罩；D. conquer征服。根据前文“Behind these linguistic boundaries was my need to stay secure whatever the environment.(在这些语言界限的背后，我需要在任何环境下保持安全)”可知，作者需要保持安全，所以作者认为安全的身份是一个面具，故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为和我在伦敦出生的孩子说法语自然会使他们说两种语言，于是我毫不犹豫地采取了行动。A. hesitation犹豫；B. expense花费；C. rhythm韵律；D. notice通知。根据前文“Assuming that speaking to my London-born children in French would naturally make them bilingual”可知，作者认为用法语和孩子在伦敦说话会让他们自然地成为双语者，所以作者毫不犹豫地这样做了，without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”，故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，把法语引入家庭无疑是一个额外的复杂因素。A. negotiation协商；B. routine常规；C. complication复杂化的难题；D. highlight强调。根据后文“It disturbs mealtimes and sets off 8 conversations”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，引发复杂情况，故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它扰乱了用餐时间，引发了不和谐的谈话，使我的法语和其他人的英语对立起来。A. identical相同的；B. inharmonious不和谐的；C. illegal非法的；D. innovative创新的。根据前文“It disturbs mealtimes”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，所以作者认为这会引发不和谐的对话，故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让孩子们觉得他们一直被一个以法语为母语的人评判着。A. judged评判；B. guided指导；C. reversed逆转；D. cheated欺骗。根据前文“It disturbs mealtimes and sets off inharmonious conversations, pitting my French against everyone else’s English”可知，把法语引入家庭会扰乱用餐时间，引发不和谐的对话，作者说法语，家里其他人说英语，所以孩子们会觉得自己一直在被一个说母语法语的人评判，故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且，尽管他们对法语的理解越来越深，但他们会找任何借口在上学的路上走在我后面几步，以避免用法语交谈。A. energy能量；B. information信息；C. excuse借口；D. assistance帮助。根据后文“to avoid a conversation in French”可知，孩子们想避免用法语交谈，所以他们会找借口走在作者后面几步，故选C。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有刻意的努力，随着家人偶尔说意大利语，第三种语言也不知不觉地融入了我孩子的语言网络。A. imperceptibly极微地，不易察觉地；B. purposefully故意地；C. narrowly勉强；D. originally最初。根据前文“without intentional efforts”可知，没有刻意努力，所以第三种语言不易察觉地融入了作者孩子的语言网络，故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我成长过程中的语言组合被复制到了我的孩子身上。A. output输出；B. obstacle障碍；C. combination结合；D. flow流动。根据前文“The linguistic (语言的) 　2　 of different languages during my childhood”和“English was the language spoken within the four walls of our home. French was for school, and generally everything outside the family. Then there was Italian, a language I associated with my father”可知，作者的成长过程中结合了三种不同的语言，最后这种结合的语言环境被复制到了孩子身上，故选C。 13．考查介词短语和副词辨析。句意：然而，它的统治并不是要剥夺我的孩子们说其他语言的自由。A. for example例如；B. however然而；C. in addition此外；D. in general通常。根据前文“No one can deny the role of English in today’s interconnected world”和后文“is not to rob my children of the freedom to speak other languages”可知，前后句之间为转折关系，所以空白处应填however，意为“然而”，故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，英语的普及使得说英语的人学习外语变得更加迫切，否则他们将在竞争激烈的世界中失去语言优势。A. profile轮廓；B. trace踪迹；C. imitation模仿；D. edge优势，边缘。根据前文“Actually the popularity of English makes it even urgent for speakers to learn foreign languages”可知，英语的普及使得说英语的人学习外语变得更加迫切，所以如果不学习外语，他们将在竞争激烈的世界中失去语言学优势，故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坚持让孩子们接触各种语言，这正是我向他们传递世界多元性和多样性重要性的方法。A. priority优先权；B. civilization文明；C. diversity多样性；D. ambition抱负。根据前文“my persistence in exposing my children to various languages is my way of showing that the multiplicity”可知，作者坚持让孩子接触多种语言，所以作者认为世界的多样性很重要，故选C。 （24-25高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）July 19th was a day for IT heroes. A routine software update caused computer outages in offices, hospitals and airports worldwide. Most white-collar workers looked sadly at their screens and realized just how useless they are if they cannot 1 . People in IT came to the rescue of helpless colleagues and 2 passengers. Their work that day was full of stress— but also full of meaning. If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work 3 ? This is not an idle question, but a serious one. Discussions about A in particular easily get lost in aypotherical (假设的) debates about wholesale job losses or, worse, the nature of consciousness. But technologies tend to spread in less 4 ways, task by task rather than role by role. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do. That transformation is likely to affect job satisfaction. Many employees give 5 to non-monetary rewards, such as job interest and engagement. A recent discussion paper surveyed American workers who had 6 jobs to find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better; they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits. However, a study revealed a concerning 7 : Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, 8 age, gender, skills and the type of work. While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks, 9 , they seem to have had the opposite effect. Why might this be? They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding. But the number of tasks that remain open to humans 10 , hurting both the variety of work and people’s understanding of the production process. Work becomes more routine, not less. However, machines don’t always have a (n) 11 impact. For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients. Consumer reactions to automation can also 12 . In an experiment to test how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set, people who 13 being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button. A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine; one that 14 your sense of identity is not. While it is stil too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work, one thing is clear: machines can make employees feel 15 about their work. Introducing new technologies in cooperation with employees, rather than imposing (勉强) them, and enhancing their sense of competence are crucial. Bosses who ignore these issues are missing something meaningful. 1．A．log in B．opt out C．show off D．hurry up 2．A．stranded B．responsible C．hesitant D．embarrassed 3．A．properly B．purposelessly C．continuously D．unwillingly 4．A．accessible B．casual C．dramatic D．dynamic 5．A．rise B．way C．priority D．insight 6．A．created B．switched C．completed D．evaluated 7．A．cause B．concept C．secret D．trend 8．A．rather than B．in case of C．according to D．regardless of 9．A．in practice B．as a result C．in short D．in addition 10．A．exists B．continues C．decreases D．emerges 11．A．negative B．powerful C．immediate D．significant 12．A．cease B．occur C．impress D．vary 13．A．occupied themselves with B．prided themselves on C．concentrated themselves on D．freed themselves of 14．A．lacks B．heightens C．threatens D．maintains 15．A．anxiously B．differently C．strongly D．oddly 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“机器和人工智能对工作质量和员工感受的影响”这一主题展开讨论，通过引用多个研究案例和分析，探讨了机器在出现故障和正常运转时对工作的影响，以及自动化和人工智能在不同行业中的应用对员工感受和工作质量的潜在影响。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数白领都悲伤地看着他们的屏幕，意识到如果他们不能登录，他们是多么没用。A. log in登录；B. opt out选择退出；C. show off炫耀；D. hurry up赶快。根据上文“A routine software update caused computer outages”提到电脑中断，由此可知，此处应表示白领意识到他们不能登录电脑。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：IT部门的人前来救援无助的同事和滞留的乘客。A. stranded滞留的；B. responsible负责的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“A routine software update caused computer outages in…airports”提到机场的电脑中断，以及下文“passengers”由此可知，此处应表示IT部门的人前来救援无助的同事和滞留的乘客。 故选A项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果机器可以在某些工作失败的时候给它们增加意义，那么当它们正常工作的时候呢？A. properly正常地；B. purposelessly无目的地；C. continuously持续不断地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据上文“If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail”提到工作失败的时候，由此可知，此处应表示机器正常工作的时候，和上文的fail形成呼应。故选A项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但技术的传播方式往往不那么引人注目，而是一项任务接一项任务，而不是一个角色接一个角色。A. accessible可进入的；B. casual随意的；C. dramatic引人注目的；D. dynamic动态的。根据下文“task by task rather than role by role”提到一项任务接一项任务，而不是一个角色接一个角色，由此可推知，此处应表示技术的传播方式往往不那么引人注目。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多员工优先考虑非金钱奖励，比如工作兴趣和敬业度。A. rise增加；B. way方式；C. priority优先；D. insight视野，洞察力。根据下文“such as job interest and engagement”提到工作兴趣和敬业度，以及下文“they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits”由此可推知。此处应表示许多员工优先考虑非金钱奖励。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一份讨论文件调查了换了工作的美国工人，以了解他们是否以及为什么认为自己的新工作更好。A. created创造；B. switched转变；C. completed完成；D. evaluated评估。根据下文“find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better”提到新工作，由此可知，此处应表示最近的一份讨论文件调查了换了工作的美国工人。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势：工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。A. cause原因；B. concept概念；C. secret秘密；D. trend趋势。根据下文“Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, 　　8　　 age, gender, skills and the type of work.”可知，此处应表示一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势。故选D项。 8．考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势：工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。A. rather than而不是；B. in case of万一；C. according to根据；D. regardless of不管，不顾。根据上文“Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board”以及下文“age, gender, skills and the type of work”由此可知，此处应表示工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。故选D项。 9．考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然机器理论上可以为更有趣的任务腾出时间，但在实践中，它们似乎起到了相反的作用。A. in practice实践中；B. as a result结果；C. in short简而言之；D. in addition此外。根据上文“While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks”提到机器理论上可以为更有趣的任务腾出时间，由此可知，此处应表示在实践中，它们似乎起到了相反的作用。和上文中的theoretically“理论上”形成呼应。故选A项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，对人类开放的任务数量减少了，这既损害了工作的多样性，也损害了人们对生产过程的理解。A. exists存在；B. continues继续；C. decreases减少；D. emerges出现。根据上文“They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding.”提到工业机器人减少了对体力的要求。由此可知，此处应表示对人类开放的任务数量减少了。故选C项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，机器并不总是有负面影响。A. negative负面的；B. powerful有力量的；C. immediate立刻的；D. significant有意义的。根据下文“For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients.”提到机器的有利一面，由此可知，此处应表示机器并不总是有负面影响。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。A. cease停止；B. occur发生；C. impress使留下深刻印象；D. vary不同。根据下文“one that ___14___ your sense of identity is not.”由此可知，此处应表示消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。故选D项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在一项测试顾客对一套厨具的不同描述的反应的实验中，那些以熟练厨师为荣的人真的不喜欢那些承诺只要按一下按钮就能做所有事情的产品。A. occupied themselves with忙于，专注于；B. prided themselves on以……为傲；C. concentrated themselves on专注于；D. freed themselves of使某人摆脱。根据句意以及下文“…skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button”由此可知，此处应表示那些以熟练厨师为荣的人真的不喜欢那些承诺只要按一下按钮就能做所有事情的产品。prided themselves on“以……为傲”。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项减少无聊任务的技术是好的；但威胁到你身份认同感的东西就不会。A. lacks缺乏；B. heightens提高；C. threatens威胁；D. maintains保持。根据上文“A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine”以及下文“your sense of identity is not”由此可知，此处应表示威胁到你身份认同感的东西就不会。故选C项。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然现在就知道人工智能将如何影响工作质量还为时过早，但有一点是明确的：机器可以让员工对自己的工作产生不同的感觉。A. anxiously焦虑地；B. differently不同地；C. strongly强烈地；D. oddly奇怪的是。根据上文“Consumer reactions to automation can also vary.”提到消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。由此可推知，此处应表示机器可以让员工对自己的工作产生不同的感觉。故选B项。 （2024·上海长宁·一模）Health care is a necessity for everyone, but not everyone has equal access to it. People in rural communities in particular face barriers to medical care that do not affect people in cities. This is true both in developed countries and in the developments and nonprofit organizations are working to address the 1 . One barrier to rural health care is 2 . Rural communities are 3 far from population centers, which means most small towns do not have large hospitals, so rural people need to travel long distances to see doctors. Rural areas also usually lack public transportation, which worsens the problem. Even if there is a hospital in a rural community, doctors often prefer to live in larger cities, so finding 4 can be challenging. Rural hospitals especially tend to lack specialists. Since each specialist only sees a small portion of the total number of patients, many hospitals 5 that they do not have enough patients who need the specialist to employ one. 6 , the patients who do need the specialist are forced to travel long distances or go without necessary treatment. In addition, in many countries, people in rural areas are more likely to live in poverty and struggle to pay for health care than urban residents. A variety of developments may help 7 some of these problems. One significant one is telehealth—using technology such as video conferences to allow patients to speak with doctors in 8 . Using telehealth, doctors cannot run tests or examine patients up close. The technology, 9 , can be useful for mental health care, follow-up appointments after surgery and the monitoring of enduring health issues. Sometimes if patients cannot travel to a clinic, the clinic will go to them. 10 health clinics are used in some areas to reach people who have trouble going to see a doctor. These traveling health units are often 11 than hospitals as well because they do not pay for as many facilities. Small rural hospitals that lack financial resources sometimes consider 12 larger networks that have access to better technology. These larger networks can also help rural hospitals bring on board new staff. Some countries try to motivate doctors to work in rural areas, offering slightly higher salaries or other benefits to those willing to 13 outside cities. They may also reward hospitals based on effectiveness in helping patients, 14 paying hospitals based on the number of procedures they perform. This could reduce costs for patients. While the problem of rural healthcare is 15 , these initiatives may help provide necessary treatment for people outside major cities. 1．A．affection B．medication C．inequality D．necessity 2．A．poverty B．environment C．administration D．transportation 3．A．by chance B．by definition C．by contrast D．by necessity 4．A．potential patients B．public service C．medical staff D．reputable experts 5．A．conclude B．predict C．demand D．propose 6．A．Subsequently B．However C．Meanwhile D．Consequently 7．A．sustain B．lessen C．detect D．indicate 8．A．depressed areas B．monitored centres C．other locations D．border regions 9．A．moreover B．otherwise C．therefore D．nevertheless 10．A．Modern B．Mobile C．Mechanical D．Multiple 11．A．cheaper B．less crowded C．fancier D．more endurable 12．A．transitioning to B．competing against C．partnering with D．investing in 13．A．relax B．practice C．specialize D．volunteer 14．A．as opposed to B．as well as C．regardless of D．prior to 15．A．solvable B．urgent C．critical D．complex 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了农村医疗的困难和复杂性以及解决措施。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在发达国家和发展中国家都是如此，非营利组织正在努力解决这一不平等问题。A. affection感情；B. medication 药物；C. inequality不平等；D. necessity 必需品。根据上文“People in rural communities in particular face barriers to medical care that do not affect people in cities”可知，非营利组织正在努力解决不平等问题。故选C项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：农村医疗保健的一个障碍是交通。A. poverty贫困；B. environment环境；C. administration管理；D. transportation交通。根据下文“so rural people need to travel long distances to see doctors”可知，交通是个障碍。故选D项。 3．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：根据定义，农村社区远离人口中心，这意味着大多数小城镇没有大医院，因此农村居民需要走很远的路去看医生。A. by chance偶然；B. by definition按照定义；当然地；明显地；C. by contrast对比；D. by necessity由于无法改变的条件。根据下文“far from population centers, which means most small towns do not have large hospitals”可知，这是对农村医疗条件的定义。故选B项。 4．考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：即使在农村社区有医院，医生往往更喜欢住在大城市，所以寻找医务人员可能是一个挑战。A. potential patients潜在患者；B. public service公共服务；C. medical staff医护人员；D. reputable experts信誉良好的专家。根据上文“doctors often prefer to live in larger cities”可知，寻找医务人员可能是一个挑战。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于每个专科医生只能接诊所有患者中的一小部分，许多医院断定他们没有足够的患者需要专科医生，因此不雇佣专科医生。A. conclude 断定，推断出；B. predict预测；C. demand要求；D. propose建议。根据上文“Since each specialist only sees a small portion of the total number of patients”可知，许多医院断定他们没有足够的患者需要专科医生。故选A项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，确实需要专科医生的病人被迫长途跋涉，或者没有得到必要的治疗。A. Subsequently随后；B. However然而；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Consequently因此。根据句意可知，前后句子为因果关系。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：各种各样的发展可能有助于减轻其中的一些问题。A. sustain维持；B. lessen减少；C. detect发现；D. indicate表明。根据上文“A variety of developments”可知，各种各样的发展可能有助于减轻其中的一些问题。故选B项。 8．考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：其中一个重要的是远程医疗——利用视频会议等技术，病人可以与其他地方的医生交谈。A. depressed areas落后地区；B. monitored centres监控中心；C. other locations其他地点；D. border regions边境地区。根据下文“Using telehealth, doctors cannot run tests or examine patients up close”以及常识可知，利用视频会议等技术，病人可以与其他地方的医生交谈。故选C项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项技术对心理健康护理、手术后的随访预约和长期健康问题的监测都很有用。A. moreover此外；B. otherwise否则；C. therefore因此；D. nevertheless然而。根据句意可知，前后句子为转折关系。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一些地区，流动诊所被用来帮助那些难以去看医生的人。A. Modern现代的；B. Mobile活动的，可移动的；C. Mechanical 机械（方面）的；D. Multiple多个的，多种的。根据下文“These traveling health units”可知，这里指流动诊所。故选B项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些移动医疗机构通常也比医院便宜，因为它们不需要为许多设施付费。A. cheaper更便宜的；B. less crowded不拥挤的；C. fancier更华丽的；D. more endurable更耐用。根据下文“because they do not pay for as many facilities.”可知，这些移动医疗机构通常也比医院便宜。故选A项。 12．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：缺乏财政资源的小型农村医院有时会考虑与能够获得更好技术的大型网络合作。A. transitioning to转向；B. competing against竞争；C. partnering with合作；D. investing in投资。根据下文“These larger networks can also help rural hospitals bring on board new staff.”可知，缺乏财政资源的小型农村医院有时会考虑与能够获得更好技术的大型网络合作。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些国家试图鼓励医生到农村地区工作，为那些愿意在城市以外从事专业工作的医生提供略高的工资或其他福利。A. relax放松；B. practice从业；C. specialize专门；D. volunteer志愿。根据上文“offering slightly higher salaries”可知，一些国家试图鼓励医生到农村地区工作。故选B项。 14．考查短语词义辨析。句意：他们还可能根据帮助病人的有效性来奖励医院，而不是根据医院执行的手术数量来支付费用。A. as opposed to相反；B. as well as以及；C. regardless of不管；不顾；D. prior to之前。根据上文“They may also reward hospitals based on effectiveness in helping patients”以及下文“paying hospitals based on the number of procedures they perform.”可知，表示相反的情况。故选A项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然农村医疗问题很复杂，但这些举措可能有助于为大城市以外的人提供必要的治疗。A. solvable可解决的；B. urgent紧急的；C. critical关键的；D. complex复杂的。根据上文的叙述了可知，提到了医疗人员短缺，交通问题，贫困问题，所以农村医疗问题很复杂。故选D项。 （2024·上海虹口·一模）Manufacturing is a one-way business. Raw materials go into a factory and finished products come out. Once those goods are 1 , producers usually wash their hands of them. Certainly they do not worry that most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill, which 2 the planet. In only 50 years, the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big, to more than 100 billion tons, but only less than 9% of this is reused, resulting in a 3 of materials. Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling, but much of that is 4 intended to improve brand images. Yet even a company’s profits can 5 being environmentally friendly. This is especially so in the case of “gigafactories”, so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hours (GWh). Every carmaking country wants gigafactories. Batteries are the costliest part of an EV, so making them is 6 . But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain. Supply chains are long and complicated, and buyers risk their reputation 7 by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards. 8 materials makes sense. Being 9 , most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start. The result is a 10 production process. The idea is that once 11 reach the ends of their lives, they should go back to a factory, where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries. Gigafactories are not yet models of the circular economy, but they are laying the foundations. Northvolt, a battery-maker, aims by 2030 to produce 150GWh of batteries — enough to power some 2 million EVs. By then, around half its raw materials should come from recycling old batteries. Northvolt is not 12 . Using renewable power and other measures, CATL — the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries — thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero. Could other industries do something similar? Fast fashion is widely known as a(n) 13 business. It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just 13%. A big part of the reason is the use of mixed fibres, which are hard to recycle. Clothing companies could, like gigafactories, re-engineer their processes to use fibres that are easier to handle. Consumer electronics is another such 14 that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals. 15 could yet be made in the urban mining of last year’s cellphones and yesterday’s blouses. 1．A．accepted B．designed C．sold D．stored 2．A．rules B．saves C．heals D．pollutes 3．A．analysis B．availability C．waste D．variety 4．A．green-washing B．cost-cutting C．risk-taking D．trend-setting 5．A．add to B．benefit from C．center around D．invest in 6．A．innovative B．affordable C．profitable D．inefficient 7．A．being defended B．being hurt C．being spread D．being overlooked 8．A．Reusing B．Restoring C．Replacing D．Recharging 9．A．big B．new C．rich D．rare 10．A．full B．primary C．domestic D．circular 11．A．batteries B．factories C．vehicles D．suppliers 12．A．alone B．easy C．safe D．fair 13．A．dynamic B．unsustainable C．inacceptable D．competitive 14．A．gigafactory B．business C．company D．manufacturer 15．A．Exceptions B．Complaints C．Discoveries D．Fortunes 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了制造业中的原材料消耗、可持续性、回收以及超级工厂在循环经济中的作用，同时也提到了其他行业（如快时尚和消费电子产业）在可持续性方面面临的挑战和可能的解决方案。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦这些商品售出，生产者通常就不再对它们负责。A. accepted接受；B. designed设计；C. sold销售；D. stored储存。根据下文“producers usually wash their hands of them.”可知，商品一旦售出，生产者就不再负责。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们当然不会担心，因为大多数产品最终都会被焚烧或填埋，从而污染地球。A. rules统治、支配；B. saves节省；C. heals治愈；D. pollutes污染。根据空前“most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill,”可推测，产品焚烧或被填埋后会污染地球。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅50年的时间里，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原来的四倍，超过100亿吨，但其中只有不到9%被再利用，造成了极大的材料浪费。A. analysis分析；B. availability可用性；C. waste浪费；D. variety多样性。根据上文“In only 50 years, the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big, to more than 100 billion tons, but only less than 9% of this is reused”可知，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原来的四倍，超过100亿吨，但其中只有不到9%被再利用。由此可知，这造成了材料的浪费。故选C。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工业界确实在谈论可持续性和回收，但其中很多只是为了改善品牌形象而进行的漂绿行为。A. green-washing漂绿的；B. cost-cutting消减成本的；C. risk-taking冒险的；D. trend-setting引领潮流的。根据空前“Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling”以及空后的“to improve brand images”可知，工业界的可持续和回收是为了改善品牌形象而进行的漂绿行为。故选A。 5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，即便是公司的利润也能从环保中受益。A. add to增加；B. benefit from从……中受益；C. center around以……为中心；D. invest in投资于。根据下文“This is especially so in the case of “gigafactories”, so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hours (GWh).”以及“Batteries are the costliest part of an EV, so making them is  ____6____  .”可知，公司可以从环保行为中获益。故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电池是电动汽车中最昂贵的部件，因此生产电池利润丰厚。A. innovative创新的；B. affordable负担得起的；C. profitable有利可图的；D. inefficient无效的。根据上文“Batteries are the costliest part of an EV,”可推测，生产电池有利可赚。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：供应链既长又复杂，买家面临着因供应商环境标准和劳工标准低下而损害自身声誉的风险。A. being defended正在被防御；B. being hurt正在被伤害；C. being spread正在被传播；D. being overlooked正在被忽视。根据空后“by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards.”可知，因为供应商环境标准和劳工标准低下，买家面临会有损害自身声誉的风险。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，再利用材料显得合情合理。A. Reusing再利用；B. Restoring修复；C. Replacing替换；D. Recharging充电。根据上文“But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain. Supply chains are long and complicated, and buyers risk their reputation ____7____ by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards.”可推测，由于电池所含的材料价格昂贵且难以获取等原因，再回收利用电池就很合理。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为新兴事物，大多数超级工厂从一开始就在设计上考虑了回收问题。A. big大的；B. new新的；C. rich丰富的；D. rare罕见的。根据上文“Every carmaking country wants gigafactories.”以及常理可知，超级工厂是新兴事物。故选B。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果是形成了一个循环生产过程。A. full满的；B. primary主要的；C. domestic国内的；D. circular循环的。根据上文“Being  ____9____ , most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start.”可知，大多数超级工厂从一开始就在设计上考虑了回收问题。由此可知，这就形成了一个循环生产过程。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个理念是，一旦电池寿命终结，它们就应该被送回工厂，在那里回收其组件并用于制造新电池。A. batteries电池；B. factories工厂；C. vehicles车辆；D. suppliers供应商。根据下文的“where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries”中的“batteries”可知，电池寿命终结后就被送回工厂，用于制造新电池。故选A。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Northvolt并非孤例。A. alone独自的；B. easy容易的；C. safe安全的；D. fair公平的。根据下文“Using renewable power and other measures, CATL — the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries — thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero.”可知，全球最大的电动汽车电池生产商宁德时代（CATL）也利用再生能源和采取其他措施。由此可知，Northvolt并非孤例。故选A。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：快时尚产业众所周知是不可持续的。A. dynamic有活力的；B. unsustainable不可持续的；C. inacceptable不可接受的；D. competitive有竞争力的。根据下文“It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just 13%.”可知，快时尚产业的回收率很低，由此可知，快时尚产业不可持续。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：消费电子产业是另一个产生大量废物的行业，尽管其中含有黄金和白银等贵金属的电子电路，以及由稀土金属制成的电动机。A. gigafactory超级工厂；B. business商业、行业；C. company公司；D. manufacturer制造商。根据空后“that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals.”可知，空处指的是消费电子产业是另一个产生大量废物的行业。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从去年的手机和昨天的衬衫中进行城市采矿，仍然有可能获得巨大的财富。A. Exceptions例外；B. Complaints抱怨；C. Discoveries发现；D. Fortunes财富。根据上文“Consumer electronics is another such  ____14____  that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals.”可知，电子产品中含有黄金和白银等贵金属的电子电路，以及由稀土金属制成的电动机。由此可知，从去年的手机和昨天的衬衫中进行城市采矿可以获得财富。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$