Unit2 No Rules,No Order知识点总结&语法专项练习讲义-2024-2025学年七年级英语下册同步学与练（人教版2024）

7年级下册知识点总结 Unit2 No Rules,No Order 词汇 1.rule n.规则；规章 v.统治（ruler 统治者；格尺） 2.order n.秩序；v.点菜；命令 【拓展】 (1)n. 顺序;点餐；订购 keep order 维持秩序 in order 井然有序；按顺序 ②v.命令；点餐；订购 order sb to do sth .命令某人做某事。 ③拓展结构： in order to do sth. 目的是做某事。/为了做某事。 in order that = so that +目的状语从句 目的是..../为了... · May I take your order,sir? 先生，我可以请您点菜了吗？ · Shall I order a taxi for you? 要我给您叫辆出租车吗？ · He got up early in order to catch the bus. 为了赶上那辆公交车，他起得很早。 =He got up early in order that he could catch the bus. 【练习题】 · —May I take your order?   —________. A．Yes, you are right B．Here you are C．That’s 100 yuan D．Yes. I’d like a hamburger 【答案】D · We need to do morning exercises every day ________ keep healthy. A． so that B．such that C．in order to D．in order that 【答案】C 3. follow v.遵循；跟随 【词形拓展】 following adj.接下来的；下列的 Which of the following sentence is true? follower n.追随者，粉丝 【词义拓展】 ①v.跟随；跟着 · Follow me please. I'll show you the way. 请跟我走。我来给你带路。  · If my father goes, I will follow him. 如果我父亲要去，我会跟随他一起去。 ② v.理解，明白 · Sorry, I don't quite follow. 对不起，我听不懂你的话。  · Can you follow the story so far? 你到目前能理解这个故事吗？ ③v.接受，遵循，听从（忠告、指示等） · Why didn't you follow my advice ? 你为什么不听我的劝告？ · We should follow the traffic rules. 我们应该遵守交通规则。 【练习题】 · It’s important ________ the school rules. A．follow B．following C．to follow D．to following 【答案】C 4.arrive v.到达 ①arrive at 到达(+小地点名词)He arrived at the station at six this morning. ②arrive in 到达(+大地点名词)She arrived in Paris on Friday. 【同义结构】get to +地点名词 reach+地点名词 【易错】如果at/in/to后接地点副词here， there， home 等，介词须省略。 When will you arrive here? 【练习题】 · —When will you ________? —I will go to see you as soon as I ________ the airport. A．reach, arrive in B．reach, arrive at C．arrive, will get to D．arrive, reach 【答案】D 5.hallway n.走廊 6.uniform n.校服；制服 7.litter v.乱扔；n.垃圾 8.polite adj.有礼貌的（反义词：impolite) 9.treat v.对待；招待；治疗 n.款待 10.respect n.&v.尊敬 11.if conj.如果(引导条件状语从句，主将从现）；是否（引导宾语从句） 【练习题】 · Please ________ (tell) her my telephone number if she ________ (want) to know. 【答案】tell;wants · If it ________ this Sunday, we will go to the park. (not rain) 【答案】doesn’t rain · —Can you guess if Ben ________ (go) hiking with us tomorrow morning? —I think he will go with us if he ________ (be) free. 【答案】will go;is 12.jacket n.夹克衫；短上衣 13.everything pron.每件事；一切(复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数） · Everything is ready.万事俱备。 14. lend v.借给；借出 【考点拓展】 lend “借出”，指把自己的东西借给别人， 为非延续性动词，不能和段时间连用 lend sb.  sth. ＝ lend sth.  to sb.  将某物借给某人 borrow “借；向...借”，指从别人或别处借东西，为非延续性动词，不能和段时间连用 borrow sth.  from sb. /sp. 从某人/某处借某物 keep “借，保存，保持”，指借用某物一段时间，为延续性动词。 keep sth.  for some time  借用某物一段时间 【练习题】 · —May I ________ your bike? —Certainly, but you mustn’t ________ it to others. A．lend; lend B．borrow; lend C．borrow; borrow D．lend; borrow 【答案】B · —How long may I ________ your dictionary? —For one week. But you mustn’t ________ it to others. A．keep; lend B．borrow; lend C．lend; be borrowed D．have; borrow 【答案】A 15.sweet n.糖果；adj.甜的 16.snack n.点心；小吃 17.mobile adj.可移动的 18.queue n.队；行列 19.just adv.只是；正好 20.leave v.离开；留下 【拓展】 ① leave A for B 离开A 地去B地 →leave Bejing for Shanghai 离开北京去上海 ②leave sth. + 地点 把某物落在某地 →I left my homework at home. 我把作业落家了。 ③听任，使处于..状态→ leave sth. +adj Please leave me alone. 请让我一个人呆着。 ④leave 的进行时表达将来时概念 I am leaving tomorrow.我明天就要走了。 【词义区分】left ①leave 过去式 ② n.左边 ③adj.左边的；剩余的；留下的 There's nothing left in the fridge.冰箱里什么都没有了。 left-behind children 留守儿童 21.absent adj.缺席的；不在的 （absence n.缺席） 22.quietly adv.轻声地；安静地 【复习】 quiet ①adj. 安静的；僻静的；寂静的；清静的 短语: keep quiet 保持安静 · Be quiet! The children are having class. 安静！孩子们在上课。 · They lead a quiet life. 他们过着平静的生活。  · I was looking forward to a quiet evening at home. 我盼着在家过个恬静的夜晚。  ②adj .寡言少语的；文静的 · She was quiet and shy. 她文静而又腼腆。  【易混】quite adv. 相当；十分 · He was quite angry yesterday. 他昨天很生气。 【练习题】 Our school’s library is ________ big and it is always very ________. A.quiet; quite B.quietly; quite C.quite; quietly D.quite; quiet 【答案】D 23.belt n.安全带；腰带；皮带 24.feed v.喂养；饲养 25.noise n.声音；噪声（noisy adj.吵闹的） 【词义区分】 ①sound 万物的声音；听起来（感官动词） sound of music 音乐之声 Sounds good! 听起来不错！ ②noise 噪音 make noise 制造噪音 ③voice 嗓音 the best voice in China 中国好声音 · —What do you think of her ________? —It ________ very sweet. A．voice; hears B．sound; listens C．voice; sounds D．sound; voice 【答案】C 26.unhappy adj.不快乐的 (unhappiness n.不幸） 27.Dr(= doctor) n.博士；医生 28.either adv.也(用于否定句句末)；pron.（两者中）任何一个 29.practise/practice v.训练；练习→practise/practice doing sth.练习做某事。 practice n.(不可数） · It takes a lot of _________ (practice) to play the violin well. 【答案】practice · We should practice ________ (speak) English as much as possible.【答案】speaking 30. hang v.悬挂 31.weekday n.工作日(星期一至星期五的任何一天) 32.awful adj.糟糕的 33.become v.成为 34.better adj.较好的；adv.较好地 35.person n.人 (可数）→personal adj. 私人的 personal information 个人信息 personal computer 个人电脑 →personality n.性格 → in person 亲自 【区分】people 人们（集合名词，单数形式，复数意义） 民族 （可数） · I advise you not to show ________ on Wechat because it may cause trouble. A．anything personal B．personal anything C．something personal D．personal something 【答案】A · My bedroom is my ________ (person) space, and I like to decorate it myself. 【答案】personal 36.focus v.集中(注意力、精力等)；聚焦 37.build v.创建；建造 → n.身材 of medium build 中等身材 · Yoga helps you sleep better and build a good body. 瑜伽有助于你睡得更好，塑造良好体魄。 · My father is a man of strong build.我父亲体格健壮。 38.spirit n.精神；情绪；灵魂；仙子 39.relax v.放松；休息→relaxing adj.令人放松的→relaxed adj.放松的 40.advice n.建议；意见（不可数） give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议 take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议 ask sb. for some advice 向某人征求意见 【词形区分】advise v.建议 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。 I advised him to get up early. advise sb. not to do sth.建议某人不要做某事。I advise him not play in the street. 【近义词】suggest v.建议；暗示 → suggestion n.建议（可数） 【练习题】 · —Can you give me some ________ on how to learn English? —Sure. I ________ you ________ some English programs. A.advise; advice; to watch B．advice; advise; to watch C．advice; advise; watching 【答案】B · He came to ask me for some ________ (advise) a few days ago.【答案】advice · You can also ask your teachers for help if you have the same problem. And they will advise you ________ (not care) about that too much. 【答案】not to care 41.understand v.理解；领会 （understanding adj.善解人意的） 42.untidy adj.不整洁的 否定前缀/后缀总结 1.dis- like-dislike 不喜欢 appear-disappear 消失 agree-disagree 不同意 2.un- happy- unhappy 不高兴 lucky-unlucky 不幸的 tidy-untidy 不整洁的 3.in- expensive-inexpensive 不昂贵的 4.ir- regular-irregular 不规则的 5.im- possible- impossible 不可能的 polite-impolite 不礼貌的 6.-less use-useless 无用的 meaning-meaningless 没有意义的 短语 1.be late (for) 迟到 2.on time 准时 3.have to 不得不 4.of course 当然 5.mobile phone 手机 6.turn off 关掉(水、电或煤气) 7.jump the queue 插队 8.wait for 等待 9.be absent from 缺席；不在 10.make sb's/the bed 整理床铺；铺床 11.hang out 闲逛；常去某处 12.focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 13.think about 考虑；思考 14.fight with sb. 和某人打架 15.ask（sb.） for help (向...)寻求帮助 16.be bad for 对...有害 17.make noise 制造噪音 18.too many 易混词组 意义及用法 例句 too many “太多”，+可数名词复数 There are too many rules here. too much “太多”，+不可数名词 或放在动词后修饰动词 I have too much homework today. I eat too much. much too “太，非常”，修饰形容词/副词 My mother is much too busy. 19.at weekends 在周末 20.have fun =have a good time=enjoy +反身代词 玩得开心 【拓展】 ①have fun (in)doing sth. = have a good time (in)doing sth. 做某事很开心。 I always have fun (in)playing on the beach. 我在沙滩上总能玩得很开心。 ②fun&funny 区分 （1） fun adj.有趣的/n.有趣的事 It’s fun to have an art class. 上美术课很有趣。 （2） funny adj. 搞笑的 The joke is funny.这个笑话很搞笑。 【练习题】 · It’s fun ________ computer games. They have fun ________ them every day. A．to play; to play B．playing; playing C．to play; playing D．playing; to play 【答案】C 21. get along well 相处得好 22.put up 张贴；搭建；使升高 23.put up your hand 举手 24.one another=each other 互相 句型 1.Don't be late for school. Arrive on time.上学不要迟到。准时到达。 (否定祈使句结构：Don’t+v.原 迟到 be late for 准时 on time ) 2.Don't litter.Keep your school clean and tidy.不要乱扔垃圾，保持学校干净整洁。 (keep+宾语+adj. 保持.... 处于某种状态） 3.Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question.如果你想问老师问题，请举手。 （put up your hand 举手 ask sb.to do sth. 让某人做某事） 4.It's my first day here.这是我第一天来这里。（形代/the +序数词） 5.I can lend you my pen.我可以把钢笔借给你。（=I can lend my pen to you.) 6.We can't eat snacks in class.我们不能在课堂上吃零食。(in class 在课堂上） 7.I have to answer my phone.我不得不接电话了。（answer 回答；应答） 8.We can't bring our mobile phones to class.我们不能带手机去上课。 （把...带到.... bring ...to .... <bring 带来 由远及近> 把...带到... take...to.... <take带走 由近及远> ） 9.We have to turn them off and put them in our lockers.我们必须把它们关掉，放在我们的储物柜里。（动词+人称代词宾格+副词 人称代词宾格必须放在动词和副词之间） 10.Thanks for telling me.谢谢你告诉我。（Thanks for doing sth. 谢谢你做了...） 11.Anne tells him about them.安妮告诉他关于他们的事。（tell sb.about sth. 告诉某人某事） 12.Be polite and treat one another with respect. 礼貌待人，互相尊重。 （one another 互相=each other) 13. We can't eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall. 我们不能在课堂上吃东西。我们必须在餐厅吃。 14.You can't eat or drink. 你不能吃也不能喝。（肯定句中的and 用or 替换） 15.When I'm at school, I mustn't use my phone in class either. 当我在学校的时候，我也不能在课堂上使用手机。（either “也” 用在否定句句末） 16.I can only play basketball after I practise the piano. 我只有练完钢琴才能打篮球。 17.But they can help you to become a better person.但他们可以帮助你成为一个更好的人。 18.You can't use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning. 你不能在课堂上使用手机，因为你需要专注于学习。（focus on doing sth.专注做某事） 19.I know it's hard, but rules can help to make the world better.我知道这很难，但规则可以帮助世界变得更好。(make+宾语+adj./形容词比较级 使...处于...状态） 20.What is your advice for each rule?你对每一条规则有什么建议？(advice 不可数） 语法 （1） 祈使句-用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。 · Go and wash your hands.去洗你的手。——命令 · Be quiet, please.= Please be quiet.请安静。——请求 · Be kind to our sister.对姐妹要和善。——劝告 · Look out！Danger！小心！危险！——警告 · No parking.禁止停车。——禁止 · Don’t eat in class. 不要在课堂上吃东西。——禁止 【注意】祈使句省略了主语you，如果句中有反身代词，需要判断省略的you的意思。 · Enjoy yourself. 祝你玩得开心。 · Help yourselves to the fish, children.孩子们，随意吃这鱼吧。 【结构】 （1）肯定祈使句结构： 动词原形+其它 Come in,please. （2）否定祈使句结构： Don't+动词原形+其它 · Don’t play on the road.It’s very dangerous. 不要马路上玩。很危险。 （3）特殊结构： ①Let’s do sth . 用来提出建议。 ②Be+形容词. 表示警告或请求。 ③No+名词/动名词. 表示禁止。 · Let’s go swimming. 让我们去游泳吧。 · Be careful！ 小心！ · No photos! 禁止拍照！ · No smoking!禁止吸烟！ 【中考难点】 ①祈使句，and+陈述句(通常用一般将来时） Work hard,and you will get good grades.努力学习，你会取得好成绩的。 ②祈使句，or+陈述句 (通常用一般将来时） Please be quick,or we’ll be late for school.请快点，否则我们上学要迟到了。 （2） have to/must区分 （1）词性 must-情态动词+v.原形 must没有时态，人称和数量的变化 have to -have是实义动词，有时态人称和数的变化 · I had to go home at that time. 那时我不得不回家。 · She has to do her homework. 她不得不做她的作业。 （2）意义 must表示主观上认为必须做某事。 have to +动词原形表示（客观条件下）不得不做某事。 · I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。 · I have to study hard. 我不得不努力学习。 【易错】 Must ... ?否定回答为No, 主语+needn't. 否定式 mustn't 表示 "一定不能” ，表示禁止 · You mustn't play on the road. 你不可以在马路上玩。 写作 Rules Always be kind and helpful.永远善良,乐于助人。 Don't fight with your classmates.不要和你的同学打架。 Say"thank you" when your classmates help you.当你的同学帮助你时，说“谢谢”。 Say"please"when you ask for help.当你寻求帮助时说“请”。 You mustn't be late for class.你上课不能迟到。 You can't use your phone in class.你不能在课堂上使用手机。 You have to wear a uniform.你必须穿制服。 Don't litter.Keep your school clean and tidy. 不要乱扔垃圾。保持你的学校干净整洁。 Be polite and treat everyone with respect.礼貌待人，尊重他人。 Don't use bad words.不要说脏话。 【语法专项练习】 A. 祈使句 （一）单项选择 A1．Go bird-watching in Qinglong Lake, ________ you will find it fun and meaningful. A．and B．or C．but C2．________ swimming in the river! It’s dangerous! A．Go B．Goes C．Don’t go D．To go C3．David, go to bed early, ________ you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow. A．and B．unless C．or D．but A4．_______ less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep. A．Spend B．Spending C．To spend D．Spent B5．Hurry up, ________ you will miss the beginning of the concert. A．so B．or C．and D．but A6．________ trying and do your best. A．Keep B．Keeping C．To keep D．Kept A7．Boys and girls, ________ learning and have fun! A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept B8．Don’t ________ any noise when you are in the library. A．makes B．make C．making D．made A9．________ more in your daily life, and you’ll be full of energy. A．Exercise B．To exercise C．Exercises D．Exercising B10．—Sam, ________ run in the hallways. It’s very dangerous. —Sorry, Ms. Black. A．do B．don’t C．not D．doesn’t （二）用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Please _________(turn)off the lights before you leave the classroom. 答案：turn 2.________ (make) sure you lock the door when you go out.答案：Make 3.Lucy, _____ (come) to the front of the classroom, please!答案：come 4.________ (not be) late for class, please.答案：Don't be 5.Look at the sign! “No ________ (swim)”. You can't swim here.答案：swimming 6.______ (not throw) the rubbish everywhere.答案：Don’t throw 7.________ (not be) late for class, please.答案：Don’t be 8._______ (not make) any noise. The baby is sleeping.答案：Don’t make 9.________ (ask) me for help if you can’t work out the problems, Tom.答案：Ask 10.Tom, _________ (not cross) the road when the traffic lights are red. It’s very dangerous. 答案：don’t cross B. must/have to/can’t （一）单项选择 D1．—Hurry up, Jack! The bus is coming. —Wait a minute! You ________ cross the street until the traffic lights are green. A．need B．needn’t C．must D．mustn’t B2．—May I take this magazine out of the reading room? —No, you ________. It’s against the rule. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．shouldn’t B3．—Must I come before 6:00 tomorrow morning? —No, you ________. The meeting will begin at 8:00. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t A4．—Allen, shall we go to the bookstore this afternoon? — I'm sorry, David, but I ________ meet my cousin at the train station. A．have to B．can C．may D．could C5．—Mom, may I go to the party with my friends tonight? —Yes, you ________. But you ________ be back by 10:00 pm. A．can; may B．must; have to C．may; must B6．—Can you swim in this river? —________. It’s too dangerous. A． Yes, I can B．No, I can’t C．Yes, you may D．No, you needn’t （二）用所给词的适当形式填空 1．My mother is ill, so I have _______ (look) after my little sister.答案：to look 2．I have ________ (go) now because I will have a match with Class 3 this afternoon.答案：to go 3．In Australia, you ________ drive on the right. It’s against the law. (must)答案：mustn’t ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 7年级下册知识点总结 Unit2 No Rules,No Order 词汇 1.rule n.规则；规章 v._____________（ 统治者；格尺________________） 2.order n.秩序；v.点菜；命令 【拓展】 (1)n. 顺序;点餐；订购 keep order 维持秩序 in order 井然有序；按顺序 ②v.命令；点餐；订购 order sb to do sth .命令某人做某事。 ③拓展结构： in order to do sth. 目的是做某事。/为了做某事。 in order that = so that +目的状语从句 目的是..../为了... · May I take your order,sir? · Shall I order a taxi for you? · He got up early in order to catch the bus. =He got up early in order that he could catch the bus. 【练习题】 · —May I take your order?   —________. A．Yes, you are right B．Here you are C．That’s 100 yuan D．Yes. I’d like a hamburger · We need to do morning exercises every day ________ keep healthy. A． so that B．such that C．in order to D．in order that 3.follow v.遵循；跟随 【词形拓展】 following adj.接下来的；下列的 Which of the following sentence is true? follower n.追随者，粉丝 【词义拓展】 ①v.跟随；跟着 · Follow me please. I'll show you the way.  · If my father goes, I will follow him. ② v.理解，明白 · Sorry, I don't quite follow.  · Can you follow the story so far? ③v.接受，遵循，听从（忠告、指示等） · Why didn't you follow my advice ?  · We should follow the traffic rules. 【练习题】 · It’s important ________ the school rules. A．follow B．following C．to follow D．to following 4.arrive v.到达 ①arrive ________到达(+小地点名词)He arrived at the station at six this morning. ②arrive ________ 到达(+大地点名词)She arrived in Paris on Friday. 【同义结构】__________+地点名词 ____________+地点名词 【易错】如果at/in/to后接地点副词here， there， home 等，介词须省略。 When will you arrive here? 【练习题】 · —When will you ________? —I will go to see you as soon as I ________ the airport. A．reach, arrive in B．reach, arrive at C．arrive, will get to D．arrive, reach 5.hallway n.走廊 6.uniform n.校服；制服 7.litter v.乱扔；n.垃圾 8.polite adj.有礼貌的（反义词：_________________) 9.treat v.对待；招待；治疗 n.款待 10.respect n.&v.尊敬 11.if conj.__________(引导条件状语从句，主将从现）；___________（引导宾语从句） 【练习题】 · Please ________ (tell) her my telephone number if she ________ (want) to know. · If it ________ this Sunday, we will go to the park. (not rain) · —Can you guess if Ben ________ (go) hiking with us tomorrow morning? —I think he will go with us if he ________ (be) free. 12.jacket n.夹克衫；短上衣 13.everything pron.每件事；一切(复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用____________） · Everything ____________ ready.万事俱备。 14. lend v.借给；借出 【考点拓展】 lend “借出”，指把自己的东西借给别人， 为非延续性动词，不能和段时间连用 lend sb.  sth. ＝ lend sth.  to sb.  将某物借给某人 borrow “借；向...借”，指从别人或别处借东西，为非延续性动词，不能和段时间连用 borrow sth.  from sb. /sp. 从某人/某处借某物 keep “借，保存，保持”，指借用某物一段时间，为延续性动词。 keep sth.  for some time  借用某物一段时间 【练习题】 · —May I ________ your bike? —Certainly, but you mustn’t ________ it to others. A．lend; lend B．borrow; lend C．borrow; borrow D．lend; borrow · —How long may I ________ your dictionary? —For one week. But you mustn’t ________ it to others. A．keep; lend B．borrow; lend C．lend; be borrowed D．have; borrow 15.sweet n.糖果；adj.甜的 16.snack n.点心；小吃 17.mobile adj.可移动的 18.queue n.队；行列 19.just adv.只是；正好 20.leave v.离开；留下 【拓展】 ① leave A for B 离开A 地去B地 →离开北京去上海________________________ ②leave sth. + 地点 把某物落在某地 →I left my homework at home. ③听任，使处于..状态→ leave sth. +adj Please leave me alone. 请让我一个人呆着。 ④leave 的进行时表达将来时概念 我明天就要走了。______________________ 【词义区分】left ①leave 过去式 ② n.左边 ③adj.左边的；剩余的；留下的 There's nothing left in the fridge. left-behind children 21.absent adj.缺席的；不在的 （ n.缺席___________________） 22.quietly adv.轻声地；安静地 【复习】 quiet ①adj. 安静的；僻静的；寂静的；清静的 短语: 保持安静___________________ · Be quiet! The children are having class. · They lead a quiet life.  · I was looking forward to a quiet evening at home.   ②adj .寡言少语的；文静的 · She was quiet and shy.  【易混】quite adv. 相当；十分 · He was quite angry yesterday. 他昨天很生气。 【练习题】 Our school’s library is ________ big and it is always very ________. A.quiet; quite B.quietly; quite C.quite; quietly D.quite; quiet 23.belt n.安全带；腰带；皮带 24.feed v.喂养；饲养 25.noise n.声音；噪声（noisy adj.吵闹的） 【词义区分】 ①sound 万物的声音；听起来（感官动词） sound of music 音乐之声 听起来不错！_____________________ ②noise 噪音 make noise 制造噪音 ③voice 嗓音 the best voice in China 中国好声音 · —What do you think of her ________? —It ________ very sweet. A．voice; hears B．sound; listens C．voice; sounds D．sound; voice 26.unhappy adj.不快乐的 (n.不幸_______________________） 27.Dr(= doctor) n.博士；医生 28.either adv.也(用于否定句句末)；pron.（两者中）任何一个 29.practise/practice v.训练；练习→practise/practice doing sth.练习做某事。 practice n.(不可数） · It takes a lot of _________ (practice) to play the violin well. · We should practice ________ (speak) English as much as possible. 30. hang v.悬挂 31.weekday n.工作日(星期一至星期五的任何一天) 32.awful adj.糟糕的 33.become v.成为 34.better adj.较好的；adv.较好地 35.person n.人 (可数）→personal adj. 私人的 personal information 个人信息 personal computer 个人电脑 →personality n.性格 → in person 亲自 【区分】people 人们（集合名词，单数形式，复数意义） 民族 （可数） · I advise you not to show ________ on Wechat because it may cause trouble. A．anything personal B．personal anything C．something personal D．personal something · My bedroom is my ________ (person) space, and I like to decorate it myself. 36.focus v.集中(注意力、精力等)；聚焦 37.build v.创建；建造 → n.身材 of medium build 中等身材 · Yoga helps you sleep better and build a good body. 瑜伽有助于你睡得更好，塑造良好体魄。 · My father is a man of strong build.我父亲体格健壮。 38.spirit n.精神；情绪；灵魂；仙子 39.relax v.放松；休息→relaxing adj.令人放松的→relaxed adj.放松的 40.advice n.建议；意见（不可数） give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议 take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议 ask sb. for some advice 向某人征求意见 【词形区分】advise v.建议 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。 I advised him to get up early. advise sb. not to do sth.建议某人不要做某事。I advise him not play in the street. 【近义词】suggest v.建议；暗示 → suggestion n.建议（可数） 【练习题】 · —Can you give me some ________ on how to learn English? —Sure. I ________ you ________ some English programs. A.advise; advice; to watch B．advice; advise; to watch C．advice; advise; watching · He came to ask me for some ________ (advise) a few days ago. · You can also ask your teachers for help if you have the same problem. And they will advise you ________ (not care) about that too much. 41.understand v.理解；领会 （understanding adj.善解人意的） 42.untidy adj.不整洁的 否定前缀/后缀总结 1.dis- like-dislike 不喜欢 appear-disappear 消失 agree-disagree 不同意 2.un- happy- unhappy 不高兴 lucky-unlucky 不幸的 tidy-untidy 不整洁的 3.in- expensive-inexpensive 不昂贵的 4.ir- regular-irregular 不规则的 5.im- possible- impossible 不可能的 polite-impolite 不礼貌的 6.-less use-useless 无用的 meaning-meaningless 没有意义的 短语 1.be late (for) 迟到 2.on time 准时 3.have to 不得不 4.of course 当然 5.mobile phone 手机 6.turn off 关掉(水、电或煤气) 7.jump the queue 插队 8.wait for 等待 9.be absent from 缺席；不在 10.make sb's/the bed 整理床铺；铺床 11.hang out 闲逛；常去某处 12.focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 13.think about 考虑；思考 14.fight with sb. 和某人打架 15.ask（sb.） for help (向...)寻求帮助 16.be bad for 对...有害 17.make noise 制造噪音 18.too many 易混词组 意义及用法 例句 too many “太多”，+可数名词复数 There are too many rules here. too much “太多”，+不可数名词 或放在动词后修饰动词 I have too much homework today. I eat too much. much too “太，非常”，修饰形容词/副词 My mother is much too busy. 19.at weekends 在周末 20.have fun =have a good time=enjoy +反身代词 玩得开心 【拓展】 ①have fun (in)doing sth. = have a good time (in)doing sth. 做某事很开心。 I always have fun (in)playing on the beach. 我在沙滩上总能玩得很开心。 ②fun&funny 区分 （1） fun adj.有趣的/n.有趣的事 It’s fun to have an art class. 上美术课很有趣。 （2） funny adj. 搞笑的 The joke is funny.这个笑话很搞笑。 【练习题】 · It’s fun ________ computer games. They have fun ________ them every day. A．to play; to play B．playing; playing C．to play; playing D．playing; to play 21. get along well 相处得好 23.put up 张贴；搭建；使升高 22. put up your hand 举手 24.one another=each other 互相 句型 1.Don't be late for school. Arrive on time.上学不要迟到。准时到达。 (否定祈使句结构：Don’t+v.原 迟到___________ 准时 ___________________ ) 2.Don't litter.Keep your school clean and tidy.不要乱扔垃圾，保持学校干净整洁。 (keep+宾语+adj. 保持.... 处于某种状态） 3.Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question.如果你想问老师问题，请举手。 （举手 ___________________ 让某人做某事______________________） 4.It's my first day here.这是我第一天来这里。（形代/the +序数词） 5.I can lend you my pen.我可以把钢笔借给你。（=______________________________) 6.We can't eat snacks in class.我们不能在课堂上吃零食。(在课堂上_________________） 7.I have to answer my phone.我不得不接电话了。（回答；应答__________________） 8.We can't bring our mobile phones to class.我们不能带手机去上课。 （把...带到.... bring ...to .... <bring 带来 由远及近> 把...带到... take...to.... <take带走 由近及远> ） 9.We have to turn them off and put them in our lockers.我们必须把它们关掉，放在我们的储物柜里。（动词+人称代词宾格+副词 人称代词宾格必须放在动词和副词之间） 10.Thanks for telling me.谢谢你告诉我。（Thanks for _________ sth. 谢谢你做了...） 11.Anne tells him about them.安妮告诉他关于他们的事。（tell sb._____ sth. 告诉某人某事） 12.Be polite and treat one another with respect. 礼貌待人，互相尊重。 （one another 互相=___________________) 13. We can't eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall. 我们不能在课堂上吃东西。我们必须在餐厅吃。 14.You can't eat or drink. 你不能吃也不能喝。（肯定句中的and 用_________ 替换） 15.When I'm at school, I mustn't use my phone in class either. 当我在学校的时候，我也不能在课堂上使用手机。（either “也” 用在否定句句末） 16.I can only play basketball after I practise the piano. 我只有练完钢琴才能打篮球。 17.But they can help you to become a better person.但他们可以帮助你成为一个更好的人。 18.You can't use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning. 你不能在课堂上使用手机，因为你需要专注于学习。（focus on _________sth.专注做某事） 19.I know it's hard, but rules can help to make the world better.我知道这很难，但规则可以帮助世界变得更好。(make+宾语+adj./形容词比较级 使...处于...状态） 20.What is your advice for each rule?你对每一条规则有什么建议？(advice _____________） 语法 （1） 祈使句-用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。 · Go and wash your hands.去洗你的手。——命令 · Be quiet, please.= Please be quiet.请安静。——请求 · Be kind to our sister.对姐妹要和善。——劝告 · Look out！Danger！小心！危险！——警告 · No parking.禁止停车。——禁止 · Don’t eat in class. 不要在课堂上吃东西。——禁止 【注意】祈使句省略了主语you，如果句中有反身代词，需要判断省略的you的意思。 · Enjoy yourself. 祝你玩得开心。 · Help yourselves to the fish, children.孩子们，随意吃这鱼吧。 【结构】 （1）肯定祈使句结构： 动词原形+其它 Come in,please. （2）否定祈使句结构： Don't+动词原形+其它 · Don’t play on the road.It’s very dangerous. 不要马路上玩。很危险。 （3）特殊结构： ①Let’s do sth . 用来提出建议。 ②Be+形容词. 表示警告或请求。 ③No+名词/动名词. 表示禁止。 · Let’s go swimming. 让我们去游泳吧。 · Be careful！ 小心！ · No photos! 禁止拍照！ · No smoking!禁止吸烟！ 【中考难点】 ①祈使句，and+陈述句(通常用一般将来时） Work hard,and you will get good grades.努力学习，你会取得好成绩的。 ②祈使句，or+陈述句 (通常用一般将来时） Please be quick,or we’ll be late for school.请快点，否则我们上学要迟到了。 （2） have to/must区分 （1）词性 must-情态动词+v.原形 must没有时态，人称和数量的变化 have to -have是实义动词，有时态人称和数的变化 · I had to go home at that time. 那时我不得不回家。 · She has to do her homework. 她不得不做她的作业。 （2）意义 must表示主观上认为必须做某事。 have to +动词原形表示（客观条件下）不得不做某事。 · I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。 · I have to study hard. 我不得不努力学习。 【易错】 Must ... ?否定回答为No, 主语+needn't. 否定式 mustn't 表示 "一定不能” ，表示禁止 · You mustn't play on the road. 你不可以在马路上玩。 写作 Rules Always be kind and helpful.永远善良,乐于助人。 Don't fight with your classmates.不要和你的同学打架。 Say"thank you" when your classmates help you.当你的同学帮助你时，说“谢谢”。 Say"please"when you ask for help.当你寻求帮助时说“请”。 You mustn't be late for class.你上课不能迟到。 You can't use your phone in class.你不能在课堂上使用手机。 You have to wear a uniform.你必须穿制服。 Don't litter.Keep your school clean and tidy. 不要乱扔垃圾。保持你的学校干净整洁。 Be polite and treat everyone with respect.礼貌待人，尊重他人。 Don't use bad words.不要说脏话。 【语法专项练习】 A. 祈使句 （一）单项选择 1．Go bird-watching in Qinglong Lake, ________ you will find it fun and meaningful. A．and B．or C．but 2．________ swimming in the river! It’s dangerous! A．Go B．Goes C．Don’t go D．To go 3．David, go to bed early, ________ you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow. A．and B．unless C．or D．but 4．_______ less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep. A．Spend B．Spending C．To spend D．Spent 5．Hurry up, ________ you will miss the beginning of the concert. A．so B．or C．and D．but 6．________ trying and do your best. A．Keep B．Keeping C．To keep D．Kept 7．Boys and girls, ________ learning and have fun! A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 8．Don’t ________ any noise when you are in the library. A．makes B．make C．making D．made 9．________ more in your daily life, and you’ll be full of energy. A．Exercise B．To exercise C．Exercises D．Exercising 10．—Sam, ________ run in the hallways. It’s very dangerous. —Sorry, Ms. Black. A．do B．don’t C．not D．doesn’t （二）用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Please _________(turn)off the lights before you leave the classroom. 2.________ (make) sure you lock the door when you go out. 3.Lucy, _____ (come) to the front of the classroom, please! 4.________ (not be) late for class, please. 5.Look at the sign! “No ________ (swim)”. You can't swim here. 6.______ (not throw) the rubbish everywhere. 7.________ (not be) late for class, please. 8._______ (not make) any noise. The baby is sleeping. 9.________ (ask) me for help if you can’t work out the problems, Tom. 10.Tom, _________ (not cross) the road when the traffic lights are red. It’s very dangerous. B. must/have to/can’t （一）单项选择 1．—Hurry up, Jack! The bus is coming. —Wait a minute! You ________ cross the street until the traffic lights are green. A．need B．needn’t C．must D．mustn’t 2．—May I take this magazine out of the reading room? —No, you ________. It’s against the rule. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．shouldn’t 3．—Must I come before 6:00 tomorrow morning? —No, you ________. The meeting will begin at 8:00. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 4．—Allen, shall we go to the bookstore this afternoon? — I'm sorry, David, but I ________ meet my cousin at the train station. A．have to B．can C．may D．could 5．—Mom, may I go to the party with my friends tonight? —Yes, you ________. But you ________ be back by 10:00 pm. A．can; may B．must; have to C．may; must 6．—Can you swim in this river? —________. It’s too dangerous. A． Yes, I can B．No, I can’t C．Yes, you may D．No, you needn’t （二）用所给词的适当形式填空 1．My mother is ill, so I have _______ (look) after my little sister. 2．I have ________ (go) now because I will have a match with Class 3 this afternoon. 3．In Australia, you ________ drive on the right. It’s against the law. (must) 【附】基础知识检测 词汇 1.n.规则；规章v.统治__________ （统治者；格尺__________ ） 2. n.秩序；v.点菜；命令__________ 维持秩序 __________ 井然有序；按顺序 ____________ ②v.命令；点餐；订购 命令某人做某事。________________________ ③拓展结构： 目的是做某事。/为了做某事。_________________ 目的是..../为了... ______________________ 3.v.遵循；跟随_________________ 【词形拓展】 adj.接下来的；下列的_____________n.追随者，粉丝__________________ 4.arrive v.到达 ①arrive __________到达(+小地点名词)②arrive __________ 到达(+大地点名词) 【同义结构】get _________+地点名词 ______________+地点名词 5.n.走廊___________6.n.校服；制服___________7.v.乱扔；n.垃圾___________ 8.adj.有礼貌的___________（反义词：___________) 9.v.对待；招待；治疗 n.款待___________10.n.&v.尊敬___________ 11.conj.如果(引导条件状语从句，主将从现）；是否（引导宾语从句）_________ 12.n.夹克衫；短上衣___________13.pron.每件事；一切___________ 14.v.借给；借出_________________ 【考点拓展】 “借出”，指把自己的东西借给别人， 为非延续性动词，不能和段时间连用 lend sb.  sth. ＝ lend sth.  ____ sb.  将某物借给某人 “借；向...借”，指从别人或别处借东西，为非延续性动词，不能和段时间连用 borrow sth.  ______ sb. /sp. 从某人/某处借某物 “借，保存，保持”，指借用某物一段时间，为延续性动词。 ______sth. _______ some time  借用某物一段时间 15.n.糖果；adj.甜的________________ 16.n.点心；小吃________________ 17.adj.可移动的________________ 18.n.队；行列________________ 19.adv.只是；正好________________ 20.v.离开；留下________________ 21.adj.缺席的；不在的____________ （n.缺席________________） 22.adv.轻声地；安静地________________23.n.安全带；腰带；皮带_______________ 24.v.喂养；饲养_______________ 25.n.声音；噪声_______________（adj.吵闹的_______________） 26.adj.不快乐的_______________ (n.不幸_______________） 27. n.博士；医生_______________ 28.adv.也(用于否定句句末)；pron.（两者中）任何一个_______________ 29.v.训练；练习_______________30.hang v.悬挂_______________ 31.n.工作日(星期一至星期五的任何一天)_______________ 32.adj.糟糕的_______________ 33. v.成为_______________ 34. adj.较好的；adv.较好地_______________ 35.n.人 (可数）_______________→ adj. 私人的 _______________ 个人信息__________________个人电脑______________________ personality_____________亲自______________________ 36.v.集中(注意力、精力等)；聚焦_____________________ 37.v.创建；建造 ___________________中等身材________________________ 38.n.精神；情绪；灵魂；仙子__________________ 39.v.放松；休息______________→ adj.令人放松的___________→ adj.放松的____________ 40.n.建议；意见（不可数）________________ 给某人提一些建议_______________ 接受某人的建议___________________ 向某人征求意见____________________________ 【词形区分】v.建议 ____________________ 建议某人做某事。_______________________ 建议某人不要做某事。__________________________ 【近义词】 v.建议；暗示_______________ → n.建议（可数）______________________ 41.v.理解；领会______________ （ adj.善解人意的____________________） 42.adj.不整洁的 _____________________ 否定前缀/后缀总结 1.dis- like-____________不喜欢 agree-_______________不同意 2.un- lucky-_________________不幸的 3.in- expensive_______________不昂贵的 4.ir- regular-________________不规则的 5.im- possible- __________________不可能的 polite-_______________不礼貌的 6.-less use-_______________无用的 meaning-________________ 无意义的 短语 1.迟到______________ 2.准时______________ 3.不得不________________ 4.当然_____________ 5.手机_________________ 6.关掉(水、电或煤气)_________________ 7.插队___________________ 8. 等待________________ 9.缺席；不在______________ 10.整理床铺；铺床______________ 11.闲逛；常去某处_____________ 12.集中(注意力、精力等)于___________________ 13.考虑；思考_______________ 14.和某人打架_________________ 15. (向...)寻求帮助_________________16.对...有害___________________ 17.制造噪音_________________ 18. 意义及用法 例句 “太多”，+可数名词复数 There are________________ rules here. “太多”，+不可数名词 或放在动词后修饰动词 I have ______________ homework today. I eat _________________. “太，非常”，修饰形容词/副词 My mother is _______________ busy. 19.在周末_____________________20.玩得开心______________________ 21相处得好__________________ 22.张贴；搭建；使升高__________________ 23.举手__________________ 24.互相__________________ 句型 1.上学不要迟到。准时到达。_________________ late for school. Arrive_______________. 2.不要乱扔垃圾，保持学校干净整洁。 Don't litter.___________your school ___________________________. 3.如果你想问老师问题，请举手。 ________________your hand __________ you want ___________ your teacher a question. 4.这是我第一天来这里。It's ____________ day here. 5.我可以把钢笔借给你。____________________________________________ 6.我们不能在课堂上吃零食。_________________________________________ 7.我不得不接电话了。I _____________________________my phone. 8.我们不能带手机去上课。 We can't ____________ our mobile phones ______________ class. 9.我们必须把它们关掉，放在我们的储物柜里。 We have to __________________________and put them in our lockers. 10.谢谢你告诉我。_______________________________________________ 11.安妮告诉他关于他们的事。Anne ____________ him ___________them. 12.礼貌待人，互相尊重。Be polite and treat _____________________________respect. 13.我们不能在课堂上吃东西。我们必须在餐厅吃。 We can't eat _______________. We________________ eat in the dining hall. 14.你不能吃也不能喝。You can't eat ____________drink. 15.当我在学校的时候，我也不能在课堂上使用手机。 When I'm at school, I _____________use my phone in class _______________. 16.我只有练完钢琴才能打篮球。 I can only play basketball ____________ I practise the piano. 17. 但他们可以帮助你成为一个更好的人。 But they can help you_________________________________________. 18. 你不能在课堂上使用手机，因为你需要专注于学习。 You can't use your phone in class ___________ you need _____________________________. 19. 我知道这很难，但规则可以帮助世界变得更好。 I know it's hard, but rules can help to_________ the world_____________. 20.你对每一条规则有什么建议？What__________ your __________ for each rule? ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$