UNIT 3 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（译林版2020）

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment ………………◎ ①hell n．地狱；苦难的经历，悲惨的境况 ②as usual 像往常一样；照例 ③aboard prep.&adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) ④rub vt.&vi.擦，摩，搓；(使)相互摩擦 ⑤washroom n．洗手间，厕所 ⑥dress in 穿着 ⑦uniform n．制服；队服 adj.统一的；一致的 ⑧on board 在船(火车、飞机)上 ⑨violently adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地 ⑩in horror 惊恐地 ⑪eagle n．雕 ⑫dive vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n．冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 ⑬thunder vi.轰隆隆地响；打雷 n．雷，雷声 ⑭freeze vi.&vt.(froze，frozen)突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵 ⑮come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉 ⑯meanwhile adv.同时；其间；对比之下 ⑰deck n．甲板，舱面 ⑱ drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 ⑲chaos n．混乱，杂乱 ⑳navy n．海军，海军部队 get in touch with 与……联系；和……接触 bleed vi.(bled，bled)失血，流血 open up 打开；开发；开始；直抒胸臆，畅所欲言 later on 后来；稍后 hatch vt.密谋，策划；使孵出 vi.孵化；孵出 plot n．阴谋；故事情节 vi.&vt.密谋 launch a surprise attack on 对……发动突然袭击 in total 总计 infamy n．臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶 in response to 响应；回答；对……有反应 be marked with 被标上 memorial n．纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物 show respect for 对……表示尊重 pray vi.&vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 episode n．一段经历，片段；一集 ◎……………… Hell① comes to Pearl Harbor It was Sunday，December 7，1941.As usual②，the wake­up call came at 5：45 a.m.The men aboard③ the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed④ their eyes.Seaman Russell Warriner was awakened by Quartermaster Louis Conter.Russell made his bed and helped clean the huge，shared room.The men went to the washroom⑤，dressed in⑥ their uniforms⑦ and sat down to breakfast.It looked like it would be a normal day on board⑧ the ship. But nobody ate their breakfast：at that moment，there was a huge crashing sound from above.The ship shook violently⑨ and the men looked at each other in horror⑩.Above their heads，hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles⑪.They were diving⑫ down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor.The scream of their engines was deafening.As bombs thundered⑬ all around，clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea．【1】 Russell felt his blood freeze⑭，but he quickly came to himself⑮ and rushed up to the deck．【2】 Moments later，a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell was thrown more than 100 meters across the ship.He suffered serious burns on his hands，arms and legs，and watched many of his friends die. 【1】本句为主从复合句。句中As引导时间状语从句。 【2】本句为主从复合句。but连接两个并列句。在第二个分句中，and连接两个并列的谓语动词。 Louis，meanwhile⑯，also standing on the deck⑰，was lucky not to be thrown into the sea.With only minor injuries，he was able to help others who were severely burnt and in terrible pain.【3】After receiving the order to abandon ship，Louis saved more men from the water，dragging⑱ them into the lifeboat.In the chaos⑲ and confusion after the attack，the US Navy⑳ sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack．【4】Luckily，he was able to get in touch with them before the message arrived.Despite his remarkable actions，Louis did not think that he was a hero.“The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day，” he said．【5】 【3】本句为主从复合句。句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词others。 【4】本句为主从复合句。句中that引导同位语从句，作a message的同位语。 【5】本句为主从复合句。句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the ones。 Russell was saved from the water，but he was badly burnt，bleeding heavily.Fortunately，he was taken to hospital and survived.For many years，Russell refused to talk about what happened that morning，describing it simply as “hell”．【6】His wife Elsa said，“When he opened up later on，he always mentioned the horror of it.” 【6】本句为主从复合句。句中what 引导宾语从句，作about的宾语。 Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack，but they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona.Nobody had expected the bombing.Japan had hatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor，so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States．【7】The attack destroyed nearly 20 American ships and over 180 airplanes.In total，more than 2，000 American people were killed and over 1，000 others were wounded that day.More than 1，000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives.Out of 37 sets of brothers，Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack. 【7】本句为so 引导的并列句。在第一个分句中 to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor为动词不定式短语作后置定语。 The surprise attack came as a great shock to the whole nation.The next day，President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech，in which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy” and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan．【8】In response to the attack and the president’s address，the United States joined the Second World War. 【8】本句为主从复合句。in which为“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Pearl Harbor Speech；第二个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a date；that引导宾语从句作动词asked的宾语。 Today，the USS Arizona lies where it sank：in the middle of the Pacific Ocean．【9】Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge，which crosses the ship’s sunken remains．【10】Each year，more than two million people visit the memorial.They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor，to learn about the attack，to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace．【11】Although about eight decades has passed，the attack on Pearl Harbor，one of the darkest episodes in American history，will never be forgotten. 【9】本句为主从复合句。句中where引导地点状语从句。 【10】本句为主从复合句。句中shaped like a bridge为过去分词短语作后置定语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词memorial。 【11】本句为主从复合句。句中to learn about...，to show respect for...，to pray为动词不定式短语作目的状语；who引导定语从句修饰先行词those。 地狱降临珍珠港 那是1941年12月7日，星期天。和往常一样，叫醒电话在早上5点45分响起。“亚利桑那号”战舰上的人伸了伸懒腰，揉了揉眼睛。海员拉塞尔·沃里纳被军需官路易·孔泰吵醒。拉塞尔整理了床铺，还帮忙打扫了这个巨大的共用房间。男人们走进盥洗室，穿上制服，坐下来吃早饭。看起来这将是船上正常的一天。 但是没有人吃早饭：就在这时，上面传来一声巨响。船剧烈地摇晃着，船员们惊恐地面面相觑。在他们头顶上，数百架日本飞机像鹰一样盘旋。他们潜到珍珠港去投炸弹。他们的发动机发出的尖叫声震耳欲聋。当炸弹隆隆作响时，黑烟腾空而起，笼罩在海面上。拉塞尔感到自己的血都僵住了，但他很快就清醒了过来，冲到甲板上。片刻之后，一枚炸弹击中了美国军舰“亚利桑那号”，拉塞尔被抛到了100多米外。他的手、胳膊和腿被严重烧伤，眼睁睁地看着许多朋友死去。 与此同时，路易也站在甲板上，很幸运没有被扔进海里。他只受了轻伤，能够帮助那些严重烧伤、痛苦不堪的人。在接到弃船的命令后，路易从水中救出了更多的人，把他们拖进了救生艇。在袭击后的混乱中，美国海军给他的家人发送了一条消息，路易已经在袭击中丧生。幸运的是，他在消息到来之前与家人取得了联系。尽管他做出了非凡的举动，路易并不认为自己是英雄。“英雄是那些在那天献出生命的人，”他说。 拉塞尔被救了出来，但他严重烧伤，大量流血。幸运的是，他被送往医院并活了下来。多年来，拉塞尔一直拒绝谈论那天早上发生的事情，只说那是地狱。他的妻子埃尔莎说：“后来当他敞开了心扉，总是提起那件事有多恐怖。” 路易和拉塞尔永远不会忘记袭击的可怕场景，但他们足够幸运，是“亚利桑那号”的少数幸存者之一。没有人料到会发生爆炸。日本策划了偷袭珍珠港的阴谋，所以没有发出任何警告，也没有对美国宣战。这次袭击摧毁了近20艘美国军舰和180多架飞机。那天总共有2 000多名美国人丧生，1 000多人受伤。“亚利桑那号”上有1 000多人丧生。在37对兄弟中，拉塞尔和他的兄弟是唯一幸存下来的完整的一对。 这次突然袭击使全国人民大为震惊。第二天，罗斯福总统发表了著名的珍珠港演讲，他将12月7日描述为“一个将永远是耻辱的日子”，并要求美国国会对日本宣战。作为对袭击和总统的演讲的回应，美国加入了第二次世界大战。 今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。它的位置以一座桥状的纪念物作为标志，横跨沉船的残骸。每年都有200多万人参观纪念馆。他们来到珍珠港看那艘船在海底的影子，了解袭击的情况，向那些在袭击中丧生的人表示敬意，并为世界和平祈祷。尽管大约80年过去了，但人们永远不会忘记美国历史上最黑暗的事件之一——珍珠港事件。 一、整体理解 1．The text mainly tells us that ________． A．the attack on Pearl Harbor B．the attack on warship USS Arizona C．the introduction of Pearl Harbor D．the experiences of Louis and Russell 答案：　A 2．Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks. 二、细节理解 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1．When did Louis get in touch with his family? A．After his family received the message that he had been killed in the attack. B．After he saved a lot of people who were thrown into the sea. C．Before his family received the message that he had been killed in the attack. D．Before he saved a lot of people who were thrown into the sea. 2．Who did Louis think to be heroes? A．People who sacrificed that day. B．People who saved others that day. C．People who were injured that day. D．People who survived that day. 3．What does the phrase “opened up” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．To make a speech in public. B．To be in the open air. C．To express one’s feeling secretly. D．To express one’s feeling directly and speak out freely. 4．Why did the United States join the Second World War? A．To help other countries resist Japanese aggression. B．In response to the Japanese attack and the president’s speech. C．To show American power and influence. D．To set a good example for other countries. 5．Which of the following statements is NOT the purpose of people who visit the memorial? A．To learn about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. B．To show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace. C．To see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor. D．To enjoy the scenery of the Pacific Ocean. 答案：　 1－5：CADBD 三、难句解构 1．The next day，President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech，in which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy” and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中in which为“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Pearl Harbor Speech；第二个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a date；that引导宾语从句作动词asked的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　第二天，罗斯福总统发表了著名的珍珠港演讲，他将12月7日描述为“一个将永远是耻辱的日子”，并要求美国国会对日本宣战。 2．Each year，more than two million people visit the memorial.They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor，to learn about the attack，to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中to learn about...，to show respect for...，to pray为动词不定式短语作目的状语；who引导定语从句修饰先行词those。 [尝试翻译]　每年都有200多万人参观纪念馆。他们来到珍珠港看那艘船在海底的影子，了解袭击的情况，向那些在袭击中丧生的人表示敬意，并为世界和平祈祷。 [核心单词] 1．home and abroad　　　　　 国内外 2．school uniforms 校服 3．in the meanwhile 在此期间；与此同时 4．drag the chair 拖动椅子 5．bring chaos and confusion 带来混乱和困惑 6．hatch the chicken 孵化小鸡 7．a conventional plot 一个传统的故事情节 8．sink to the bottom 沉到海底 9．a memorial tower 一座纪念塔 10．reform in education 教育改革 11．shift the focus 转移焦点 [拓展单词] 1．violence n．暴力；激烈→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地 2．dive vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n．冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水→diver n．潜水者 3．thunder vi.轰隆隆地响；打雷 n．雷，雷声→thunderous adj.雷鸣般的；雷声将至的 4．freeze vi.&vt.突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→frozen adj.冻结的 5．pray vi.&vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告→prayer n．祈祷，祷告；祈祷的人 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．像往常一样；照例　 　as_usual 2．惊恐地 in_horror 3．苏醒；恢复知觉 come_to_oneself 4．响应；回答；对……有反应 in_response_to 5．对……表示尊重 show_respect_for 第二组　英译汉 6．get in touch with　与……联系；和……接触 7．describe...as... 把……描述为 8．open up 打开；开始；直抒胸臆，畅所欲言 9．later on 后来；稍后 10．declare war on 对……宣战 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．过去分词短语作定语 Its location is marked with a memorial shaped_like_a_bridge(一座桥状的纪念碑)，which crosses the ship’s sunken remains. 2．过去分词短语作状语 The shift from the cottage industry to the factory system，combined_with_the_introduction_ of_new_machines，new_energy_sources_and_new_forms_of_transport(加上新机器、新能源和新交通方式的引进)，promoted economic growth and expanded world trade. 核心词汇精研 dive vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 (教材P39)They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. 他们潜到珍珠港去投炸弹。 (1)dive off/from...从……跳水 dive into 跳水；迅速将手伸入(包或口袋里) dive for... 扑向……；潜水寻找…… (2)diving n. 跳水；跳水运动；潜水 go diving 潜水 (3)diver n. 潜水员；跳水者；跳水运动员 [佳句背诵]　If there’s a chance that you’ll come to Qingdao，I’ll invite you to go diving and go hiking together. 如果您有机会到青岛，我将邀请您一起去潜水，一起去远足。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①You should keep in mind that it’s dangerous to dive off/from the cliffs. ②On seeing the scene，the woman dived into her purse and took out some money to give the homeless man. ③To the goalkeeper’s disappointment，he dived for the ball，but missed it. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④潜水员潜入海洋深处，被它的美丽所惊艳。 The_diver_dived_into_the_ocean’s_depths and was amazed by its beauty. freeze vi．&vt.(froze，frozen)突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵 (教材P39)Russell felt his blood freeze，but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck.拉塞尔感到自己的血都僵住了，但他很快就清醒了过来，冲到甲板上。 (1)freezing adj.　　　极冷的；冰冻的；严寒的 above freezing 在冰点以上 below freezing 在冰点以下 (2)frozen adj. 结冰的；冻结 [佳句背诵]　The pipes have frozen，so we’ve got no water. 水管已经冻了，我们接不到水。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①I froze (freeze)and listened；someone was in my apartment. ②If the temperature of the air is above freezing，the drops will fall as rain. ③Temperatures remained _below freezing during the afternoon. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④在一个寒冷的夜晚，卖火柴的小女孩在街角被冻死了。 On_a_freezing_cold_night，the little match girl was_frozen_to_death in a street corner. shift n.改变，转移；轮班 vi．& vt.(使)移动，(使)转移；改变 (教材P41)The shift from the cottage industry to the factory system，combined with the introduction of new machines，new energy sources and new forms of transport，promoted economic growth and expanded world trade.从家庭手工业向工厂系统的转变，加上引进了新机器、新能源和新运输方式，促进了经济增长，扩大了世界贸易。 (1)shift...from...to...　把……从……变到…… shift responsibility/blame onto sb. 推卸责任/转嫁责任给某人 (2)work shift 轮岗 day/night shift 日/夜 [佳句背诵]　A fair number of people advocate a large­scale shift to organic farming from conventional agriculture. 相当多的人主张从传统农业向有机农业大规模转移。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①It is hard to shift oneself from anger to calmness in such a short time. ②Nowadays the priority for traveling is_shifted (shift)from shopping to cuisine and scenery. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③结婚后，大多数女人会把重心从工作转移到家庭。 After getting married，most women would shift_their_focus_from_work_to_family． ④当我们犯了错误，我们不应该把责任推给别人。相反，我们应该为自己犯的错误而道歉。 When we make mistakes，we_shouldn’t_shift_blame_onto_others．Instead，we should apologize for our mistakes. 重点句型解构 句型公式：过去分词短语作定语 (教材P40)Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge，which crosses the ship’s sunken remains.它的位置被标记为一座桥状的纪念碑，穿过沉船的残骸。 (1)一般情况下，单个的过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后。 (2)及物动词的过去分词作定语时，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时只表示被动。 (3)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不表示被动，只强调动作完成 [佳句背诵]　This mission designed to help the students in need just didn’t work out as planned. 这项旨在帮助有需要的学生的任务没有按计划进行。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The giant panda，also known(know)as panda bear or simply panda，is a bear native to south central China. ②The plan put(put)forward at the meeting will be carried out soon. ③When I woke up the next morning，I found the ground covered with fallen(fall)leaves. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④由安德鲁·斯坦顿(Andrew Stanton)导演的《海底总动员》以澳大利亚东北海岸的大堡礁为背景。 Finding Nemo，directed_by_Andrew_Stanton，is set in the Great Barrier Reef on the northeast coast of Australia. 维度一　单词拼写 1．The bear tore at a neighboring tent and dragged (拉)something into the darkness. 2．In most cases，you just need to wrap a clean cloth tightly around the cut if it is bleeding(流血). 3．Hearing the astonishing news，my niece sank into a chair，burying her face in her hands. 4．It’s reported that apart from the flightcrew，the plane crash killed all 157 passengers aboard(在飞机上). 5．On hearing the coverage，Jenny froze(呆住)there，a thrilled expression twisting her face. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Frozen(freeze)bananas will last several weeks，depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer (freeze). 2．The hours dragged by as I waited for Dad to finish work. 3．When the shooter aimed at the dove，the dove dived into_the bushes. 4．What we need is a shift in the way we approach the workplace. 5．He devoted his energies to the reformation (reform)of science. 维度三　完成句子 1．当她苏醒过来时，发现她躺在医院里。 When she came_to_herself，she found her lying in hospital. 2．他一直在潜心研究中国文学史。 He has_been_diving_into the history of Chinese literature. 3．把生活中的挑战从困难转变成动力，是他的典型特征。 It is typical of him to shift_challenges_in_life_from_difficulties_to_motivation． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$