UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 表语从句 [教材示例] 观察黑体部分并体会表语从句的用法 1．Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian. 2．His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. 3．His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently. [我的发现] 1．我们可以使用名词性从句作为句子的表语。 2．当从句是陈述句时，我们可以用that引导表语从句，如句2； 当从句是一般疑问句时，我们可以用whether引导表语从句，如句3； 当从句是特殊疑问句时，我们可以用what，why，when，where特殊等疑问词引导表语从句，如句1。 一、表语从句的定义 在复合句中作表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。 At that time，it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 [名师点津]　可接表语从句的系动词有be，become，look，seem，sound，appear，remain等。 二、引导词及其功能 引导词 例词 句法功能 从属连词 that，whether (不能用if) 在从句中不作成分，that没有实际意义，不可省略；whether意为“是否” because 说明主语所表示的事件发生的原因，意为“因为” as if/though 从句表示的情况发生的可能性较小时常用虚拟语气 连接代词 who(ever)，whom(ever)，whose，what(ever)，which(ever)等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等 连接副词 when，where，why，how等 在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 The point at issue is whether we go to the party. 争论点是我们是否去参加聚会。 He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much. 他有心脏病。那是因为他抽烟太多。 It seems as if he doesn’t know the answer. 他好像不知道答案。 Actually，you can be whoever you want to be so long as you set your mind to it. 事实上，只要你下定决心，就可以成为你想成为的任何人。 The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. 我们最后一次开心地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。 三、注意事项 1．that与what引导的表语从句的区别 that 引导表语从句时，只是连接词，在从句中不作成分，也无意义 what 是连接代词，引导表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 The trouble is that he has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。 That was what she did this morning on her way to school. 那就是她今天早晨在去学校的路上做过的事。 2．because与why引导的表语从句的区别 because That’s because...那是因为…… 强调原因 why That’s why...那就是为什么…… 强调结果 She often comes late.That’s because she has a baby to take care of. 她经常迟到。那是因为她有一个孩子要照顾。 She has a baby to take care of.That’s why she often comes late. 她有一个孩子要照顾。那就是她经常迟到的原因。 [名师点津]　名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，而不用because。构成句型：The reason why...is /was that...……的原因是…… The reason why he was late is that it was raining hard. 他来晚了是因为天正下大雨。 3．虚拟语气用于表语从句 (1)当句子的主语是：advice，demand，desire，idea，instruction，order，proposal，recommendation，request，requirement，suggestion，wish等名词时，表语从句须用虚拟语气，即：should do，should可省掉。 My advice is that you (should) go to apologize to him. 我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。 The students’ request is that the school library (should) provide more books on popular science. 学生们的请求是学校的图书馆应该提供更多关于大众科学的书。 (2)as if/though引导的表语从句 as if/though引导表语从句意为“好像”，引导表语从句时要注意时态。 如果句中的情况与事实不相符，从句多用虚拟语气。 与现在事实相反 谓语动词用一般过去时 与过去事实相反 谓语动词要用“had＋过去分词” 表示将来发生的可能性不大 用would/might/could＋动词原形 Li Lei is now in a new jacket.He looks as if he were an American boy.(与现在事实相反) 李雷现在穿着一件新夹克。他看起来像个美国男孩。 The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon.It seems as if she had been to the moon many times.(与过去事实相反) 那个女孩正在给我们生动地描述月亮。就好像她去过月球很多次。 He looks very sad as if he would depart for another world.(与将来事实相反) 他看起来很伤心，好像要到另一个世界去了。 [名师点津]　如果as if/though引导的表语从句所述与事实相符，那么从句用陈述语气。 The dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if it is going to rain. 乌云密布。看来要下雨了。 核心词汇精研 sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好 (教材P34)However，his work proved difficult，because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. 但是，他的工作其实很艰难，因为整理所有找得到的资源并核查历史材料的真实性需要付出艰辛的努力。 (1)sort...into...　　整理；把……分类 sort oneself out 处理自己的事；自行化解 (2)sort of 有几分地；有那么一点 a sort of 一种；有点 all sorts of 各种各样 [佳句背诵]　Therefore it is necessary to study his views on the Book of Changes in order to excavate and sort out the treasure of our national traditional culture. 因此，有必要对其《易经》思想进行研究，以挖掘和整理我们民族传统文化的瑰宝。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①We’re in a state of complete chaos here and I need a little time to sort myself(me)out. ②I’ll soon sort him out．Just let me get my hands on him! ③Rubbish can easily be separated and sorted into plastics，glass and paper. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④一方面，你不得不有几分钦佩吉拉迪的诚实。 On the one hand，you have to sort_of_admire Girardi for her honesty. available adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的 (1)be available to　　　为……可利用/得到 be available from 从……处可获得 make sth.available for/to sb. 使某人可以享受某物 (2)availability n. 可用性；利 [佳句背诵]　In conclusion，walking is a cheap，safe，enjoyable and readily available form of exercise. 总之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣而又随时可以开展的运动形式。 ◎基础练透——写出下列句子中available的含义 ①With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching，I’d like to invite you to my family get­together on 14th June if you are available.有空的 ②We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.易得到的 ③Worried about the time available，the crew had made a list of the sites they wanted to see in London.可以使用的 ◎能力提升——微写作 ④想参加比赛的学生可获得资助。 Funds are_available_to_assist_students who want to attend the competition. contrary adj.相对的，相对立的；截然不同的 (教材P37)Contrary to popular history books，most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying history. 与通俗历史读物相反，大多数学术著作往往采用更具分析性、更严肃的方式研究历史。 contrary to　　　　　　与……相反 on the contrary 与此相反，恰恰相反 to the contrary 相反的，相反地 quite the contrary 恰恰相反，正相 [佳句背诵]　Contrary to common belief，taking a walk immediately after a meal doesn’t necessarily do good to our health. 和大家认为的相反，饭后立即散步对健康未必有好处。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The results are quite contrary to my expectations，and it’s really frustrating. ②It’s no trouble at all；on the contrary，it will be a great pleasure to help you. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③你没有让我们厌烦。相反，你精彩的演讲让我们很感兴趣。 You were not boring us.On_the_contrary，your wonderful speech interested us a lot. adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养 (1)adopt sb./sth.as...　　　收养/挑选某人/某物为…… (2)adoption n. 收养；采用 (3)adopted son/daughter 养子/养女；义子/义 [佳句背诵]　All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem. 三个队采用这个问题的方法各不相同。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Parents who have an adopted_(adopt)child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is adopted(adopt). ②Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption_(adopt)services for homeless animals. ③The family have adopted a homeless child as their own. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④面对巨大压力，我认为我们应该采取乐观的态度。 In the face of great pressure，I think we_should_adopt_an_optimistic_attitude． [名师点津]　adopt与adapt形近义不同 adopt与adapt在拼写上只有一个字母之差，但在意义上却大相径庭。adapt意为“(使)适应；改编”。 comparison n.比较；对比 (教材P37)Also，they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly，thus engaging the reader’s interest. 他们也经常用故事和有趣的比较来生动地描述历史人物或事件，从而引起读者的兴趣。 (1)by comparison　　　　通过对比，相比之下 make a comparison 进行比较 in comparison (with) 相比之下；与……比较 (2)compare v. 比较，对比 compare A and/with B 比较A和B compare A to B 把A比作B compared to/with 和……比起来；相比之下 (3)beyond compare 无与伦 [佳句背诵]　The second half of the game was dull by comparison with the first. 与上半场相比，比赛的下半场有些沉闷。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①My favorite season is autumn because the weather is more agreeable in comparison with summer. ②It is difficult to make a comparison with_her previous book—they are completely different. ③I was at a disadvantage compared to/with_the younger members of the team. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④伯克利的生活很愉快，与巴黎相比，一切都很容易。 Life in Berkeley is very pleasant and everything_is_so_easy_compared_to/with_Paris． pack vt.& vi.塞进；挤进；装(箱)；收拾；打包；包装 n.包；包裹；小盒，小包 (教材P37)Packed with vivid descriptions and fun facts，this type of history book is highly readable and true to life. 这种类型的历史书充满了生动的描述和有趣的事实，可读性很强，贴近生活。 (1)pack up　　整理；把……打包 pack...into... 挤进……里；塞进 (2)a pack of 一包(盒，捆，群)…… a pack of lies 一连串的谎 [佳句背诵]　(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Filled with curiosity，the artist packed his bags and left. 满怀好奇，这位艺术家收拾行囊离开了。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①He was told to pack up all of his letters and personal belongings. ②They’ve managed to pack a lot of information into_a very small book. ③The radio only weighs a few ounces and is smaller than a pack of_cigarettes. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④这辆小公共汽车里能挤下那么多人真令人难以置信。 It’s incredible to pack_so_many_people_into_the_small_bus． 重点句型解构 句型公式：way作先行词的定语从句 (教材P37)This type of history book presents historical information in a way that is easily understood，sometimes with a touch of humour，seeking to inform and educate a wider audience about history. 这类历史书以一种容易理解的，有时有点幽默的方式呈现历史信息，试图告知和教育更广泛的观众关于历史。 (1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后的定语从句常省略关系词(in which或that)，此时关系词在从句中作状语。 (2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。 (3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接动词不定式或of doing sth.作后置定语 [佳句背诵]　(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)After a while，she apologized for the way she behaved at the beginning. 过了一会儿，她为自己一开始的行为方式道歉。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Thanks，John.You really go out of the way to_make(make)me feel welcome.Thank you very much. ②I like this book that/which is very novel. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③他们是根据骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。 They_learned_this_from_the_way the bones were joined together. 维度一　单词拼写 1．The contrary (截然不同的)view is that prison provides an excellent education—in crime. 2．Learning foreign languages has been facilitated (使便利)by recording machines. 3．All these issues have been extensively (广泛地)researched in recent years. 4．At the age of five he showed exceptional (杰出的)talent as a musician. 5．It was Chaucer who really turned English into a literary_(文学的)language. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Most people know that，but I’ve heard plenty of stories to the contrary. 2．The city is asking all of its residents to sort their waste into_four groups: wet，recyclable，harmful，and dry. 3．Leave the door open when you’re available to_talk (talk)and close it when you’re not. 4．They were living well, in comparison with people elsewhere in the world. 5．We passed a group of walkers，carrying huge packs_(pack). 维度三　语法与写作 1．现实情况是，由于暴风雨，聚会必须取消。 The reality is that_the_party_must_be_cancelled because of the storm. 2．那就是为什么许多白领认为跳槽是一个发掘自己潜力的机会。 That is why_many_white­collar_workers_regard_job­hopping_as_an_opportunity to tap their potentials. 3．我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。 What I want to know is which_road_we_should_take． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$