UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（译林版2020）

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment ………………◎ ①solar system太阳系 ②a waste of浪费 ③purse n．资金，财源；钱包 ④look up 仰望；查阅；尊敬 ⑤make sense of 理解；弄懂 make sense有意义；讲得通 ⑥be fascinated by着迷于……；被……吸引 ⑦tale n．故事；讲述，叙述 ⑧make contributions to为……做出贡献 ⑨origin n．起源，起因；出身 ⑩apply to 适用于；应用于 ⑪shuttle n．航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车) vi.频繁往来(于两地之间) ⑫set up 建立；树立 ⑬frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 frequent adj.频繁的；时常发生的；惯常的 ⑭in order to为了 ⑮hydrogen n．氢，氢气 ⑯ rocket n．火箭；火箭武器 ⑰motive n．原因，动机，目的 ⑱investment n．投资；投入 invest vt.& vi.投资；投入 ⑲calculate vt.计算，核算；预测 ⑳a variety of种种；各种各样的 coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 mechanic n．机械师，技工 assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的 incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 ◎……………… Why we explore In 1969，when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon，many people thought that soon we would be regularly visiting other planets in our solar system① and would even dare to travel beyond it．【1】This is clearly not the case.The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous，can take a very long time and costs a huge amount of money．【2】Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe，it is a waste of ② the public purse③ and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth．【3】Why do we continue to explore space，then? 【1】本句为主从复合句。句中when引导时间状语从句，that引导宾语从句作动词thought的宾语。 【2】本句为主从复合句。句中that引导表语从句，从句中第二个and连接的是谓语动词。 【3】本句为主从复合句。句中that引导的宾语从句作动词believe的宾语，从句中含有while引导的让步状语从句。 It is in our nature to explore.From the very early days of human life on the Earth，our curiosity about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places.We long to visit thick and wild forests，climb vast mountain ranges，and cross deep oceans.We desire to explore the furthest frontier of all—space.As Stephen Hawking once said，“Remember to look up④ at the stars and not down at your feet.Try to make sense of⑤ what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist．【4】Be curious.” That we are fascinated by⑥ the sky is evident in ancient tales⑦ from around the world，such as that of Chang’e．【5】While space exploration is a reality，we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe．【6】With each space mission comes greater insight，thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure. 【4】本句为主从复合句。句中两个what都引导宾语从句。 【5】本句为主从复合句。句中第一个That引导主语从句。 【6】本句为主从复合句。句中While引导让步状语从句。 The results of these space investigations have made major contributions to⑧ an understanding of the origin⑨，evolution，and likely future of the universe，such as planets，stars，and all other forms of matter and energy.Exploring space helps address fundamental questions about our place in the universe and the history of our solar system.It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun．【7】As we learn more about the universe，we may one day answer the question whether there is life on other planets．【8】 【7】本句为强调句型。其中后两个that引导并列的宾语从句，作动词confirmed的宾语。 【8】本句为主从复合句。句中As引导时间状语从句。 With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration，we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind，making our lives safer and easier.One of these is earthquake shock absorbers.Shock absorbers originally applied to⑩ the space shuttle⑪ launch have also been set up⑫ in the cities with a high frequency⑬ of earthquakes in order to⑭ protect buildings and save lives.Some technologies need further research to better solve real­life problems.For example，liquid hydrogen⑮ is a clean alternative energy source that is used widely as rocket⑯ fuel，and it is likely that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass­produced and launched in the near future.These scientific and technological advances can provide benefits to societies on the Earth in many areas including health，energy and information technology.This should be a strong motive⑰ for continuing to explore space. Although space exploration demands huge investment⑱，the space industry can actually bring great economic value．【9】It has been calculated⑲ that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.At the same time，space exploration can provide a variety of⑳ career opportunities for young people.Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts that receive widespread media coverage.There are many support staff on the ground，such as engineers，mechanics and research assistants. 【9】本句为主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句。 Moreover，the amazing work these people do can provide education and inspiration for the next generation.For me personally，this is by far the biggest reason for humanity to explore space. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly exciting and inspiring to witness，and it can be these moments that shape children’s lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists and engineers of the future．【10】It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made.When you have seen a man walk on the Moon，you grow up believing that anything is possible！【11】 【10】本句为and连接的并列句。第二个分句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词these moments。 【11】本句为主从复合句。句中When引导时间状语从句；believing that anything is possible为动词­ing形式短语作伴随状语；that引导宾语从句，作动词believing的宾语。 我们为什么探索 1969年，当尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登上月球时，许多人认为不久我们就会定期访问太阳系的其他行星，甚至敢于到太阳系以外的地方旅行。事实显然不是这样。现实情况是，太空探索极其困难和危险，可能需要很长时间和大量的资金。有些人认为，虽然太空探索扩大了我们对宇宙的理解，但是它浪费公众的钱包，而且对提高我们在地球上的生活质量没有任何帮助。那么，我们为什么还要继续探索太空呢？ 探索是我们的天性。从人类在地球上生活的早期开始，我们对未知的好奇心就一直促使我们去新的地方探险。我们渴望探索茂密的原始森林，攀登广袤的山脉，越过深邃的海洋。我们渴望探索宇宙中最遥远的边界——太空。正如斯蒂芬·霍金曾经说过的，“记住要仰望星空，不要总盯着脚下。尽力理解你所看到的，并思考是什么让宇宙存在。要保持好奇。” 我们对天空的痴迷可以从世界各地的古代故事中明显地看到，比如嫦娥的故事。虽然太空探索是现实的，但我们仍然对宇宙的奥秘感到好奇。每一次太空任务都会带来更深刻的认识，从而激励我们继续沿着同样的冒险之路前进。 这些空间研究的结果对理解宇宙的起源、演化和可能的未来，如行星、恒星和所有其他形式的物质和能量，做出了重大贡献。探索太空有助于解决关于我们在宇宙中的位置和太阳系历史的基本问题。正是通过我们对太空的研究，我们已经证实了地球是圆的，并且它围绕太阳运行。随着我们对宇宙了解得更多，有一天我们可能会回答其他星球上是否有生命这个问题。 有了最初为太空探索而研发的技术，我们可以解决人类面临的一些重大问题，使我们的生活更安全、更轻松。其中之一就是地震减震器。最初应用到航天飞机发射中的减震器也已安装在地震频发的城市里，以便保护建筑和挽救生命。有些技术需要进一步研究才能更好地解决现实生活中的问题。例如，液氢是一种清洁的替代能源，被广泛用作火箭燃料，氢燃料电池汽车很可能在不久的将来被大量生产和发起。这些科学和技术进步可在保健、能源和信息技术等许多领域为地球上的社会带来好处。这应该是继续探索太空的一个强有力的动机。 虽然太空探索需要巨大的投资，但航空业实际上可以带来巨大的经济价值。据估计，全球太空经济每年以数十亿美元的速度增长。同时，空间探索可以为年轻人提供各种职业机会。航空业中的职业远不只是受到媒体广泛报道的宇航员。地面上有许多支持人员，如工程师、机械师和研究助理。 此外，这些人所做的令人惊叹的工作可以为下一代提供教育和灵感。对我个人来说，这是迄今为止人类探索太空的最大原因。见证像航天飞机发射或宇航员在月球上行走这样的奇迹是极其令人兴奋和鼓舞人心的，这些时刻可以永远影响孩子们的生活，激励他们成为未来的科学家和工程师。正是这种灵感使我们对知识的渴望保持活力，并确保在太空探索和许多其他领域将继续取得进展。当你看到人类在月球上行走时，你就会相信一切皆有可能！ 一、整体理解 1．The text mainly tells us that ________． A．the different views of space exploration B．the significance of space exploration C．the reasons for space exploration D．the amazing work of space exploration 答案：　C 2．Skim the passage and fill in the blanks. Why we explore Part one Para.1：Introduction. Part two Paras.2－6：The (1)reasons for space exploration． Para 2：(2)Our_nature to explore. Para 3：Helping understand the (3)universe better. Para 4：Helping solve (4)real­life problems. Para 5：Bringing (5)economic_value． Para 6：Providing (6)inspiration． 二、细节理解 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Why does the author mention Neil Armstrong in the first paragraph? A．To attract readers’ interest. B．To call on us to learn from him. C．To show the difficulties of landing on the moon. D．To appreciate his contributions to space exploration. 2．How many reasons are listed for space exploration? A．Two.　　　　 B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．What makes humans keep exploring the universe? A．Desire to survive on Earth. B．Dream to live on other planets. C．Attempt to seek new resources. D．Curiosity to explore the unknown. 4．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A．Humans have a strong motive to explore space. B．Space exploration helps solve real­life problems. C．Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass produced. D．Shock absorbers are used to protect buildings and save lives. 5．What’s the main reason for humans to explore space according to the author? A．Human’s nature. B．The application of technology in life. C．The benefits space exploration brings. D．The inspiration children get from space exploration. 答案：　1－5：ADDBD 三、难句解构 1．In 1969，when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon，many people thought that soon we would be regularly visiting other planets in our solar system and would even dare to travel beyond it. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中when引导时间状语从句，that引导宾语从句作动词thought的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　1969年，当尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登上月球时，许多人认为不久我们就会定期访问太阳系中的其他行星，甚至敢于到太阳系外旅行。 2.Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly exciting and inspiring to witness，and it can be these moments that shape children’s lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists and engineers of the future. [句式分析]　本句为and连接的并列句。第一个分句中含有such...as结构，walking on the Moon为动词­ing形式短语作定语，修饰astronauts；第二个分句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词these moments。 [尝试翻译]　见证像航天飞机的发射或宇航员在月球上行走这样的奇迹是令人极其兴奋和鼓舞人心的，这些时刻可以永远塑造孩子们的生活，激励他们成为未来的科学家和工程师。 3．It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made. [句式分析]　本句为强调句型。that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made 为宾语从句。 [尝试翻译]　正是这种灵感，使我们一直保持对知识的渴求保持活力，并确保在太空探索和许多其他领域不断取得进展。 [核心单词] 1．the public purse_　　　　政府资金 2．a fairy tale_ 童话故事 3．the origin_of life 生命的起源 4．two atoms of hydrogen_ 两个氢原子 5．a space rocket_ 太空火箭 6．the profit motive_ 谋利的动机 7．live coverage_ 现场直播 8．a car mechanic_ 一个汽车修理工 9．to take shelter_from the storm 躲避暴风雨 10．ban nuclear_weapons 禁止核武器 [拓展单词] 1．frequent adj.频繁的；经常的→frequently adv.经常地，频繁地→frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 2．invest vt.&vi.投资→investment n．投资；投入→investor n．投资者 3．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测→calculator n．计算器；计算者→calculation n．计算；估计 4．assist vt.参加；协助→assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的→assistance n．援助，帮助 5．incredible adj.难以置信的；极好的，极大的→incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 6．dust n．沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj.积满灰尘的 7．constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的→constantly adv.不断地；时常地 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．理解；弄懂　　　　　　　　make_sense_of 2．着迷于……；被……吸引 be_fascinated_by 3．为……做出贡献 make_contributions_to 4．适用于；应用于 apply_to 第二组　英译汉 5．a waste of 一种……的浪费 6．look up 仰望；查阅；尊敬 7．set up 建立；树立 8．a variety of 种种；各种各样的 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．It is/was...that强调句 It_is_through_our_research_into_space_that (正是通过我们对太空的研究)we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun. 2．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration，we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind，making_our_lives_safer_and_easier(使我们的生活更加安全和容易). 核心词汇精研 motive n.原因，动机，目的 (教材P26)This should be a strong motive for continuing to explore space. 这应该是继续探索太空的强烈动机。 (1)motivate vt.　　 激发；鼓励 motivate sb.to do sth. 激发某人做某事 (2)motivation n. 动机；动力 (3)motivator n. 激发因 [佳句背诵]　There seemed to be no motive for the murder. 这起谋杀案看不出有什么动机。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The plan is designed to motivate employees to_work(work) more efficiently. ②The motivations(motivation)are only one class of determinations of behavior. ③Being praised by a boss can be a very powerful motivator(motivate). ◎能力提升——微写作 ④我跟你说白了，你是唯一有作案动机的人。 I put it to you that you are the only person who_had_a_motive_for_the_crime． calculate vt. 计算，核算；预测 (教材P26)It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.据估算，全球太空经济每年以数十亿美元的速度增长。 (1)calculate on　　　　　　指望；预料 It is calculated that... 据估计/估算…… (2)calculation n. 算式；估计；预 [佳句背诵]　It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her life. 现在无法估计他对她的生活产生过多大影响。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①We calculate on having fine weather for the sports meet next week. ②They found their computers producing different results from exactly the same calculation (calculate). ◎能力提升——微写作 ③据估算，这个城市轻工业的总产值比去年增长了三倍多。 It_is_calculated_that the total output value of the city’s light industry has grown over three times as against last year. assistant n.助理；售货员；助教adj.助理的，副的 (教材P26)There are many support staff on the ground，such as engineers，mechanics and research assistants.现场有许多辅助角色，如工程师、机械师和研究助理。 (1)assist vt.& vi.　　援助；帮助；协助 assist sb.with sth. ＝assist sb.to do sth. ＝assist sb.in (doing) sth. 帮助某人(做)某事 (2)assistance n. 援助；帮助 come to sb.’s assistance 帮助某 [佳句背诵]　She works as a teaching assistant and is taking graduate courses. 她作为一名助教，同时也在上毕业班的课程。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①A good dictionary will assist you to_understand(understand) English. ②He did much to assist his classmate in preparing(prepare) the speech. ③The company provides advice and assistance(assist) in finding work. ◎能力提升——一句多译 为了帮助学生学好汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一批图书。 ④To_assist_the_students_to_learn_Chinese_better，our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class. ⑤To_assist_the_students_in_learning_Chinese_better，our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class. shelter n.居所，住处；庇护vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 (教材P27)We should find permanent shelter that offers long­term protection from radiation. 我们应该找到永久的庇护所，提供长期的辐射防护。 (1)seek/take shelter from...躲避…… give sb.shelter 庇护某人 under the shelter of 在……的庇护下 (2)shelter sb./sth.from 庇护某人/某物免受…… shelter from 躲避… [佳句背诵]　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The solution，of course，was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime. 当然，解决办法是种树，这样动物就可以在白天寻找庇护。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The old temple sheltered the tramps from bad weather. ②We stopped running and sheltered (shelter)from the rain in a nearby café. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③令我高兴的是，这个婴儿在他妈妈的庇护下逐渐长大了。 To my delight，the baby grew up gradually under_the_shelter_of_his_mom． ④我们小的时候，父母总是保护我们不受任何伤害。 Our parents always sheltered_us_from_any_harm when we were young. 重点句型解构 句型公式：It is/was...that强调句 (教材P25－P26)It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun. 正是通过我们对太空的研究，我们确认了地球是圆的，而且它绕太阳运转。 本句是一个强调句，强调状语through our research into space。 (1)强调结构的陈述句式为“It is/was＋被强调部分 ＋ that (who)...”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是：当被强调的指人时，用that或who均可；当被强调的不是指人时，则只能用that(注意不用which)。 (2)一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即“Is/Was it＋ 被强调部分 ＋that/who...？”。特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“特殊疑问词(Who/What/When/Where/Why/How)＋is/was it that...？”。 (3)对not ...until结构中由until引导的短语或从句进行强调时，须用“It is/was not until ...that ...”这一固定句型。that从句中谓语动词用肯定形式。 [佳句背诵]　It is man’s social being that determines his thinking. 人的社会存在决定人的思想。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①It was I who/that saw Tom in the park this morning. ②It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance. ◎能力提升——句型转换 ③I didn’t realize the importance of studying English until recently. →It_was_not_until_recently_that I realized the importance of studying English.(变为强调句) ④Because her mother was ill，she didn’t go with us. →It_was_because_her_mother_was_ill_that she didn’t go with us. [名师点津]　区分定语从句和强调句型的方法：强调句型中如去掉It is/was和who/that后，句子还原仍成立；而定语从句中去掉It is/was和引导词后句子缺少成分，不成立。 It was at three o’clock that we started.(强调句型) It was three o’clock when we started.(定语从句) 句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (教材P26)With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration，we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind，making our lives safer and easier. 随着空间探索技术的首次研究和发展，我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问题，使我们的生活更加安全和容易。 本句中making our lives safer and easier是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；本句用形容词比较级作宾语补足语。 在“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中除了形容词可以作宾语补足语外，动词不定式、过去分词、介词短语、名词或名词短语都可以作宾语补足语 [佳句背诵]　His charming personality made him popular with his peers. 他迷人的个性使他很受同龄人欢迎。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①He tries to make his ideas known(know). ②Though he had often made his little sister cry，today he was made to_cry(cry) by his little sister. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③我们老师经常让我们做一些额外的作业。 Our teacher often makes_us_do_some_extra_homework． ④他告诉我们的好消息使我们非常高兴。 The good news he told us made_us_very_happy． 维度一　单词拼写 1．My job is somewhere between a secretary and a personal assistant(助理). 2．I want to major in biology because I have long wondered about the origin (起源)of life. 3．Incredibly(令人难以置信)，she had no idea what was going on. 4．Now a special TV network gives live coverage(报道) of most races. 5．Fatal road accidents have decreased in frequency (发生率)over recent years. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 2．A large amount of dust on the ceiling has_damaged (damage) the whole attraction of the building up to now. 3．Some people pay a constant visit to the shelter for the homeless while others seldom go there. 4．They just want to shelter their kids_from every kind of danger. 5．I think you should go back to your original (origin) plan. 维度三　完成句子 1．我恐怕这得花费一大笔钱。 I’m afraid it’ll cost_a_large_amount_of_money． 2．去年我们向地震基金会捐赠了很多钱。 We contributed_a_lot_of_money_to the earthquake fund last year. 3．那药总让他感到昏昏欲睡且无法集中注意力。 The medicine always made_him_feel_sleepy_and_unable_to_concentrate． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$