UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 非限制性定语从句 [教材示例] 观察黑体部分并思考非限制性定语从句的用法 1．These industries，in turn，give jobs to the local population，whose welfare depends on tourism. 2．The prices of tourist essentials such as transport，accommodation and food usually increase too，which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community. 3．More nature­centred tourist attractions，where man and nature live in harmony，can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists. 4.As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained，wildlife habitats are likely to suffer，which could endanger the local plants and animals. 5．Local festivals and customs，which may have deep meaning in a particular culture，can simply become entertainment for tourists. [我的发现] 1．非限制性定语从句通常使用逗号与主句隔开。 2．非限制性定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词不能省略。 3．可以使用which代指整个主句的内容。 一、概述 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句是指对先行词进行附加说明的从句，去掉了它也不会影响主句的意思。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 二、关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 1．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 China Daily attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 《中国日报》吸引着全球的读者群体，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。 [名师点津]　that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 She received an invitation from her boss，which came as a surprise.(正确表达) She received an invitation from her boss，that came as a surprise.(错误表达) 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。 2．who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 Li Hua，who is our monitor，was praised by our teacher yesterday. 李华是我们的班长，昨天被我们的老师表扬了。 3．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，一般不能省略。 Peter，whom you met in London，is going to Paris next week. 你在伦敦见过的那个彼得，下周将要去巴黎。 [名师点津]　在限制性定语从句中，指人时，作宾语的whom可以用who或that代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。 He is the very person (whom/who/that)we referred to. 他正是我们提到的那个人。 Do you know Tom，whom we just referred to? 你认识汤姆吗？就是我们刚刚提到过的那个人。 4．whose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。 The factory，whose workers are all women，is closed for part of the school holidays. 这家工厂的工人全是女工，在学校放假期间有部分时间关闭了。 The books on the desk，whose covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 桌上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。 [名师点津]　先行词是人时，whose＋名词相当于the＋名词＋of whom/of whom＋the＋名词。先行词是物时，whose＋名词相当于the＋名词＋of which/of which＋the＋名词。 5．as既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。 As we all know，smoking is harmful to people’s health. 众所周知，吸烟对人的健康有害。 [名师点津]　 (1)as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 项目 as which 指代 引导的从句通常指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前 意义 正如，正像 这，这一点 She is always working hard，as everyone can see. 正如大家所看到的那样，她一直工作很努力。 Tom was always late for school，which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆上学总是迟到，这让他的老师很生气。 (2)as引导非限制性定语从句有以下常见的固定表达：as we all know (as is well known)众所周知；as often happens正如经常发生的那样；as we expect (as was expected)正如我们预料的那样；as can be seen看得出来；as is said above如上所述；as has been said above如上所述；as is often the case像常规那样；as is/was reported正像报道的那样。 As is known to all，fish can’t live without water. 众所周知，鱼离开水是不能生存的。 As is said above，he has conquered the difficulty. 正如上面所说，他克服了困难。 三、关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 1．关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，when指代主句中表示时间的词语。 He will put off the picnic until May 1st，when he will be free. 他将把郊游推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。 2．关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，where指代主句中表示地点的词语。 They went to London，where they lived for six months. 他们去了伦敦，在那儿待了六个月的时间。 [名师点津]　why不引导非限制性定语从句，但可用for which代替。 The reason，for which he couldn’t reduce his consumption，wasn’t given. 他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出任何理由。 四、“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”引导的非限制性定语从句 此类结构常见的有some/several/a few/a little/none/many/more/most/the largest...of which/whom等形式。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 项目 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 作用 对先行词起限定修饰作用，不可省略 对先行词或主句起补充说明作用，可以省略 结构 无逗号与主句隔开 有逗号与主句隔开 引导词 可以用that，why等；作宾语的关系代词可省略 不可以用that，why；无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略 译法 译成定语 译成解释语 The boy whose father is an engineer studies very hard. 那位父亲是位工程师的小男孩学习很努力。 The boy，whose father is an engineer，studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about. 这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。 This is the man，whom we talked about yesterday morning. 这就是那个人，我们昨天上午谈论过的。 核心词汇精研 accommodation n．住处 (教材P6)The prices of tourist essentials such as transport，accommodation and food usually increased too，which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community. 交通、食宿等旅游必需品的价格通常也会上涨，这给周边社区带来了更多的财富。 (1)make/offer/provide accommodation for...　为……提供食宿 arrange one’s accommodation 安排某人的食宿 (2)accommodate v. 为(某人)提供食宿；容纳；使适应 accommodate...to... 使……适应… [佳句背诵]　They offered me free accommodation for a year，and that decided me. 他们愿意免费为我提供一年的住宿，这就使我下定了决心。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Some animal and plant species cannot accommodate to the rapidly changing conditions. ②We can provide accommodation for six people at a push. ③More and more travelers are looking for bed and breakfast accommodations(accommodate) in private homes. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④政府将为多达三千无家可归的人提供临时住所。 The government will provide_temporary_accommodation_for up to three thousand homeless people. surrounding adj.周围的，附近的 (1)surround vt.　　 　　　　包围；围绕 surround...with... 用……包围…… be surrounded by/with... 被……围住 (2)surroundings n. 环 [佳句背诵]　We searched the surrounding neighbourhood for the missing boy. 我们在附近寻找失踪的男孩。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①After changing her job，she was faced with unfamiliar surroundings (surround) with strange people. ②Schools should be surrounded by/with a pure and healthy environment. ③Does the new housing stick out like a sore thumb or blend into its surroundings(surround)？ ◎能力提升——句型转换 ④The five­hundred­year­old town is surrounded by the green forest and it attracts many visitors every year. →Surrounded_by_the_green_forest，the five­hundred­year­old town attracts many visitors every year. [语境串记]　Our school is surrounded by mountains.There are no factories or other buildings in the surrounding areas，so the surroundings are very quiet and fresh.我们学校四面环山。周围没有工厂和其他建筑，所以环境非常安静、清新。 harmony n.融洽，和睦；和谐 (教材P6)More nature­centred tourist attractions，where man and nature live in harmony，can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists. 更多以自然风光为主、人与自然和睦相处的旅游景点，会因为大量游客涌入而受到巨大影响甚至遭到破坏。 (1)in harmony with (sb./sth.)　　　与……协调一致；相配 out of harmony with... 与……不一致；与……不协调 (2)harmonious adj. 和谐的，协调的；和睦的 (3)harmoniously adv. 融洽地；和谐 [佳句背诵]　With better education，people will be able to build a better society in harmony with nature. 有了更好的教育，人们将能够建立一个与自然和谐相处的更美好的社会。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①His tastes are in harmony_with_hers，which has brought them into harmony. ②The architecture is harmonious (harmony) and no building is over five or six floors high. ③Seeing people of different nationalities live together harmoniously (harmonious) is a real pleasure. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④我们必须努力和我们自己及周围的人和睦相处。 We must try to live_in_peace_and_harmony_with_ourselves and those around us. manner n.方式，方法；举止；(manners)礼貌 (教材P7)It is important to travel in an environmentally friendly manner. 以环保的方式旅行是很重要的。 in a．..manner　　　　　 以……的方式 It’s good manners to do sth. 做某事是有礼貌的 It’s bad manners to do sth. 做某事是没有礼貌的 [佳句背诵]　When you move towards your neighbors，you should talk to them in a friendly manner. 当你走向你的邻居时，你应该友好地和他们交谈。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①He had to keep his large family in the manner he had chosen. ②It is bad manners (manner) to talk with your mouth full. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③一两天后写信或打电话对主人表示感谢是礼貌的。 It_is_good_manners_to write or telephone a day or two later to thank your host. ④在国外旅行时，你最好注意一下餐桌礼仪。 While travelling abroad you’d better pay_attention_to_table_manners． [名师点津]　当manner意为“方式；方法；举止；态度”时，常用单数形式；当它意为“礼貌；礼仪；习俗”时，常用复数形式。 come down to 可归结为，可归纳为 (教材P7)In summary，being a sustainable tourist comes down to respect—for nature，culture and people.总而言之，做一名践行可持续旅游理念的游客归根结底就是要心怀尊重——对自然、文化和人的尊重。 come up　　　　走进，上来；被提出，被提及； come about 发生 come across 偶然遇到/发现 come along 跟着；进展 come out 出版；发行；开花 come to 合计；达 [佳句背诵]　All these methods come down to corporate human resource management capacity. 归根结底，这些方法都与企业的人力资源管理的能力息息相关。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①He came across this story while he was doing a computer search of local news articles. ②How did this unhappy state of affairs come about? ③When does her new book come out? ◎能力提升——微写作 ④我很惊讶他能想出这么好的主意。 I was amazed that he’d_come_up_with_such_a_sweet_idea． make one’s way to 去，前往 (教材P9)Make your way to the main hall and admire the 8.8­metre­high statue of the Buddha. 请前往主殿瞻礼8.8米高的佛像。 feel one’s way　　　谨慎小心地进行，摸索前进 fight one’s way 奋斗前进，打开一条道路 lose one’s way 迷路；误入歧途 force one’s way 挤出去，冲出去 push one’s way 推开(人群)通过，挤过 wind one’s way 蜿蜒前 [佳句背诵]　When hearing the bell，the old man made his way to the exit. 听到铃声，老人向出口走去。 ◎基础练透——用way的适当短语填空 ①As I was walking along the street I noticed a blind man feeling_his_way with the stick. ②He forced_his_way through the crowd to the reception desk. ③There is a path winding_its_way to the top of the mountain. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④他挤过人群，当面见到了自己的偶像。 He pushed_his_way_through_the_crowd and met his idol in person. 维度一　单词拼写 1．He has sustained(保持) his fierce social conscience from young adulthood through old age. 2．Consumption(消费) rather than saving has become the central feature of contemporary society. 3．The document impressed me with its elegant(优美的) simplicity. 4．Each piece of furniture(家具) in their home suited the style of the house. 5．By US standards，a genuine antique (古董)must be at least 100 years old. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Only in this way can we build a more harmonious (harmony)society. 2．It is good manners to say hello to the elders when you see them. 3．Walter Crowley says that the key point of the project comes down to money. 4.China will work hard to transform the economic development pattern and set out on a path of balanced and sustainable (sustain)development. 5．I needed to accommodate myself_to the new schedule. 维度三　语法与写作 1．面对互联网上的各种信息，我们不能区分真假，这可能对我们的学习和生活有害。 Faced with all kinds of information on the Internet，we can’t tell the difference between the true and the false，which_may_be_harmful_to_our_study_and_life． 2．至于我的未来，我渴望进入一所知名的大学，在那里我将进一步挖掘我的潜力，实现我的梦想。 As for my future，I’m eager to be admitted into a well­known university，where_I_will_further_explore_my_potential_and_achieve_my_dreams． 3．首先，我们学校建了一座体育馆，在那里我们可以做各种各样的运动。 To begin with，our school has built a new gym，where_we_can_play_various_ kinds_of_sports． 4．除夕是一家人和朋友团聚的时刻。 The New Year’s Eve is a time when_family_members_and_friends_reunite． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$