UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ Using language & Developing ideas-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Developing ideas Step One: Pre-reading Complete the table to compare life on Earth with life on the Moon. Life on Earth Life on the Moon Wear 1.ordinary clothes and change according to the seasons. Breathe 2.the air freely. Have to make an effort to 3.jump high． Keep 4.pets, such as dogs, cats, etc. Wear 5.spacesuits whenever outside. Breathe from an 6．air supply． Jump high 7.easily． Keep 8.robots as pets. Step Two: While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What's the main idea of the text? A．The first dog would land on the Moon. B．Jimmy's life on the Moon was boring. C．The parents were angry with Jimmy. D．Jimmy preferred Robutt to a real dog. 答案：D Ⅱ.Read for the structure Fill in the following blanks with proper words according to the passage. Title A Boy's Best Friend Author Isaac Asimov Setting Time In the future 1.On the Moon Place Characters Jimmy，2.a Moon-born boy；Mr Anderson，Jimmy's father； Mrs Anderson，Jimmy's 3.mother；Robutt，4.a mechanical dog，Jimmy's pet Plot Jimmy's parents get a dog from Earth.They want to give it to Jimmy as a pet.But... Different attitudes towards Robutt Parents They think Robutt is a 5.mechanical imitation of a real dog. Jimmy He loves Robutt and treats him like 6.a real dog. Ⅲ.Read for details 1．Which one is TRUE about the description of Jimmy? A．He was born on Earth and moved to the Moon later. B．He was born on the Moon and had abilities that people on Earth didn't have. C．He was often cheated by his toy Robutt. D．He liked the real dog from Earth as soon as he saw it. 2．Why did Mr Anderson bring a dog from Earth? A．Because he really liked it. B．Because his wife hasn't seen one since she was born. C．Because his son was born on the Moon and has never seen one. D．Because he wanted his son to experience the life on Earth. 学生用书↓第104页 3．What does the sentence “Jimmy couldn't go wrong while Robutt was around”(in Para.6) mean? A．Robutt was helpful to Jimmy. B．Jimmy was afraid to make a mistake while Robutt was present. C．Jimmy got on well with Robutt. D．Jimmy still couldn't adapt to the Moon's environment. 4．What can you conclude from the last sentence of the passage? A．Robutt was concerned that he would say goodbye to Jimmy. B．Robutt was glad because Jimmy would have a new friend. C．Robutt was sighing over his unfortunate fate. D．Robutt understood Jimmy's mind that he wouldn't leave him. 5．Where may the passage come from? A．A story. B．A sci-fi novel. C．A travel journey. D．A magazine. 答案：1－5：BCADB Step Three: Post-reading I. 难句解构 [尝试翻译]　环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。 [尝试翻译]　只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。 Ⅱ. 佳句仿写 1．教材佳句　He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could.(外貌描写) 学后仿写　缕缕银丝已爬上了他的胡须和鬓发。 Threads of silver ran through his beard and the hair at his temples. 2．教材佳句　Mr Anderson was smiling.“We have something for you, Jimmy. It's at the rocket station now, but we'll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.”(语言描写) 学后仿写　“我们可以向谁求助呢？”我妻子皱着眉头喃喃地说。 “Who can we turn to？” my wife murmured with a fierce frown． Ⅲ. 品质升华 1．Do you want to have an AI friend? Why？(Creative Thinking 创造性思维) Students' own answers. 2．Are you interested in novels about AI? Why？(Critical Thinking 批判性思维) Students' own answers. 学生用书↓第105页 ◎ ①crater n．(物体坠落、炸弹爆炸等在地上造成的)坑 ②go through 经受，通过 ③agile adj.敏捷的，灵活的 ④stubby adj.短而粗的 ⑤gravity n．重力，地心引力 ⑥slope v．倾斜，成斜坡 ⑦entire adj.全部的，整个的 ⑧light v．点燃 ⑨hop n．跳跃 ⑩squeak v．发出吱吱声 ⑪bound v．弹跳，跳跃 ⑫outrace v．胜过；超过……速度 ⑬tendon n．腱 ⑭go wrong 出错，出故障 ⑮trip v．将……绊倒 ⑯circle v．转圈 ⑰hide behind 藏在……后面 ⑱wavelength n．波长 ⑲mechanical adj.机械的 ⑳imitation n．仿制品 ㉑frown v．皱眉 ㉒wiring n．线路 ㉓positronic adj.正电子的 ㉔program v．编写程序 ㉕frightened adj.害怕的，恐惧的 ㉖hold out one's arms 伸出双臂 ㉗adjust v．调整，调节 ㉘tightly adv.紧紧地 hold sb tightly 紧紧地抱着某人 ㉙desperate adj.拼命的，绝望的 be desperate for 极度渴望得到…… ㉚change one's mind 改变主意 ㉛count v．重要 ◎ A Boy's Best Friend Mr Anderson said，“Where's Jimmy，dear？”“Out on the crater①，” said Mrs Anderson.“Robutt is with him.Did he arrive？” “Yes.He's at the rocket station，going through② the tests.I haven't really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago．”[1] [1]本句为主从复合句。since引导时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 “Jimmy has never seen one，” said Mrs Anderson. “Because he's Moon-born and can't visit Earth.That's why I'm bringing one here.[2]I think it's the first one ever on the Moon.” [2]画线部分为why引导的表语从句。 Jimmy was out on the crater，as his mother had said.His arms and legs were long and agile③.He looked thicker and stubbier④ with his spacesuit on，but he could handle the lunar gravity⑤ as no Earth-born human being could.The outer side of the crater sloped⑥southward and the Earth，which was low in the southern sky，was nearly full，so that the entire⑦crater-slope was brightly lit⑧.[3]The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn't keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop⑨ that made the gravity seem nonexistent. [3]本句为主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句；so that引导结果状语从句。 “Come on，Robutt，” he shouted.Robutt，who could hear him by radio，squeaked⑩ and bounded⑪after. Jimmy，expert though he was，couldn't outrace⑫ Robutt，who didn't need a spacesuit，and had four legs and tendons⑬of steel.[4]Jimmy couldn't go wrong⑭while Robutt was around，tripping⑮him when he was too near a rock，or jumping on him to show how much he loved him，or circling⑯around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind⑰a rock，when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.[5] [4]本句为主从复合句。though引导让步状语从句，其结构为倒装形式；who引导非限制性定语从句。 [5]本句为主从复合句。while引导时间状语从句；when引导时间状语从句；how much he loved him为宾语从句；where引导宾语从句。 He heard his father's voice on his private wavelength⑱.“Jimmy，come back.I have something to tell you．”[6] [6]画线部分为动词不定式短语作后置定语。 学生用书↓第106页 Mr Anderson was smiling.“We have something for you，Jimmy.It's at the rocket station now，but we'll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.” “From Earth，Dad？” “A dog from Earth，son.The first dog on the Moon.You won't need Robutt any more.We can't keep them both，and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something，then he said，“You know what a dog is，Jimmy.It's the real thing.Robutt's only a mechanical⑲ imitation⑳，a robot-mutt.That's how he got his name．”[7] [7]画线部分为how引导的表语从句。 Jimmy frowned㉑.“Robutt isn't an imitation，Dad.” “Robutt's just steel and wiring㉒and a simple positronic㉓ brain.” “He does everything I want him to do，[8]Dad.He understands me.” [8]I want him to do为省略了引导词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。 “No，son.Robutt is just a machine.It's just programmed㉔to act the way it does．[9]A dog is alive.You'll see the difference once he gets here.” [9]it does为省略了引导词that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 Jimmy looked at Robutt，who was squeaking again，a very low，slow squeak that seemed frightened㉕.Jimmy held out his arms㉖and Robutt was in them in one bound. Jimmy said，“What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog？” “It's hard to explain，” said Mr Anderson，“but it will be easy to see.The dog will really love you.Robutt is just adjusted㉗to act as though it loves you.” “But，Dad，we don't know what's inside the dog，or what his feelings are.Maybe it's just acting，too.” Mr Anderson frowned.“Jimmy，you'll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing.” Jimmy held Robutt tightly㉘.He was frowning，too，and the desperate㉙ look on his face meant that he wouldn't change his mind㉚.He said，“But what's the difference how they act? How about how I feel? I love Robutt and that's what counts㉛.” And the little robot-mutt，which had never been held so tightly in all its existence，squeaked high and rapid squeaks－happy squeaks. (Adaptation of excerpts from “A Boy's Best Friend” by Isaac Asimov) 学生用书↓第107页 ◎ 男孩的挚友 安德森先生问：“亲爱的，吉米在哪儿？”“在外面的环形山上，”安德森太太回答道，“罗布特跟吉米在一起。它到了吗？”“是的，它在火箭站，正在接受测试。自从15年前我离开地球后，就从没见过真正的狗了。” “吉米从来没见过狗，”安德森太太说。 “因为吉米是在月球上出生的，他不能去地球。那就是我要带过来一只的原因。我觉得它应该是月球上有史以来的第一只狗。” 正如吉米妈妈所说，他在外面的环形山上。吉米手长脚长，行动灵活。穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球上出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。山坡非常平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。 “快过来，罗布特，”他大喊。靠电波辨认声音的罗布特发出叫声，跳着跑向吉米。 论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。 吉米通过自己的专属波长接收到了爸爸的声音，“吉米，回来一下。我有事情要和你说。” 安德森先生面带微笑，“吉米，我们有东西要给你，它现在就在火箭站，但是要等到明天所有测试结束后，我们才能接到它。” “是从地球来的吗，爸爸？” “是从地球来的小狗，儿子。是月球上的第一只狗。你将不再需要罗布特了。我们不能同时要两只，其他的男孩或女孩会收养罗布特。”他好像在等吉米说点什么，接着又说，“你会知道什么才是真正的狗，吉米。狗是有生命的。罗布特仅仅是机械仿制品，是一只机器狗罢了。那正是他名字的由来。” 吉米皱皱眉头，“爸爸，罗布特不是仿制品。” “罗布特只是用钢铁和电线制造的，只有一个简单的正电子大脑。” “爸爸，我想让它做什么，它都能做到，它懂我。” “不是这样的，儿子。罗布特只是一个机器。它的反应只不过是按照编好的程序去做而已。真正的狗是有生命的。等小狗来了，你就会明白两者的不同之处了。” 吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢，好像受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂，罗布特跳跃了上去。 吉米说：“那罗布特和真正的小狗有什么不一样呢？” “这很难解释，”安德森先生说，“但用眼睛看的话，会很容易。小狗会真的爱你，而罗布特只是设定好，假装很爱你。” “但是，爸爸，我们并不知道小狗真正想的是什么，它是什么感觉。可能它也只是在假装。” 安德森先生眉头一皱，“吉米，当你体验过一个生命体对你的爱时，你就会明白其中的不同。” 吉米紧紧抱着罗布特。他也皱着眉头，脸上的坚定表明他不愿改变心意。他说：“那它们在行为上有什么不一样？那我的想法呢？我爱罗布特，我觉得这是最重要的。” 小小的机器狗自出现以来从未被抱得那么紧，它发出尖细且急促的叫声，那是快乐的叫声。 (节选自艾萨克·阿西莫夫的《男孩的挚友》) 学生用书↓第108页 ◎核心单词——练通 1．an important client 一位重要客户 2．cite a poem 引用一首诗歌 3．cancer cells 癌细胞 4．be bound to win your friend's affection 可能赢得你朋友的喜爱 5．frown at me 朝我皱眉 6．clues about the murderer 关于凶手的线索 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．assess v．评价，评定→assessment n．评价；评估 2．horizon n．地平线→horizontal adj.水平的n．水平位置 3．cycle n．自行车→cyclist n．骑自行车的人 4．demand n. 需要，需求→demanding adj.要求高的；费力的；苛求的 5．mechanical adj.机械的→mechanic n．技工→mechanism n．机械装置；机件 6．imitation n．仿制品→imitate v．模仿 7．tightly adv.紧紧地→tight adj.紧的→tighten v．拧紧；加强 8．desperate adj.拼命的，绝望的→desperately adv.拼命地，绝望地→desperation n．绝望，拼命 9．faulty adj.有故障的，有缺陷的→fault n．缺陷；过错 10．consistent adj.一贯的，一致的→consistency n．一致性，连贯性→consistently adv.一贯地，一致地，始终如一地 规律：表“人”词缀“-ist” 示例：cycle n．自行车→cyclist n．骑自行车的人 art n. 艺术→artist n．艺术家 cartoon n．漫画→cartoonist n．漫画家 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．be generally reckoned a success 都认为那是一次成功 2．a meteorite crater 陨石坑 3．an agile mind 敏捷的思维 4．slope backwards 向后倾斜 5．cross the hall with a hop 跳跃着穿过大厅 6．squeak with fear 害怕得吱吱叫 7．tendon damage 肌腱损伤 8．different wavelengths of radiation 不同波长的射线 9．an ugly mutt 难看的杂种狗 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．bank on 依靠，指望 2．on the horizon 将要发生 3．be bound to 很有可能，肯定会 4．around the corner 在拐角处；即将发生 5．go through 经受，通过 第二组　英译汉 6．change one's mind 改变主意 7．sooner or later 迟早 8．go wrong 出错；出故障 9．in shock 震惊地 10．break down (机器或车辆)出毛病，损坏；失败，破裂；分解；感情失控；拆除 学生用书↓第109页 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　though引导让步状语从句的倒装 教材原句　Jimmy，expert though he was，couldn't outrace Robutt，who didn't need a spacesuit，and had four legs and tendons of steel. 论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。 2．句型公式　as though引导方式状语从句 教材原句　Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you． 罗布特只是设定好，假装很爱你。 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 bound adj.可能的 (教材原句) Some of these ideas may sound far ahead of their time，but I'm sure they're bound to happen sooner or later! 其中一些想法听起来可能远远超前于它们的时代，但我相信它们迟早会发生的！ be bound to 很有可能，肯定会 be bound for... 准备前往某地 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We are bound for Beijing to attend the activity to be held in your school next week. ②我坚信你一定会实现考上重点大学的梦想。(应用文写作之慰问信) I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university. 【名师点津】　此外bound还有“adj.一定会；有义务(做某事)”的含义。 demand n．需要，需求v．强烈要求；需要 (教材原句)...with companies intending to provide on-demand services. ……公司打算提供按需服务。 (1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求 (2)demand to do sth 要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth 要求……做某事 (3)demanding adj. 要求高的；费力的；苛求的 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①What I want to stress is that some new members are in demand in our group. ②My father came down and demanded to know (know) what was going on. ③Basketball is an interesting sport, but it's also physically demanding(demand)． ④我要求你为你的错误向我道歉，并尽快给我一些赔偿。(应用文写作之投诉信) I demand that you should apologize to me for your mistake and give me some compensation as soon as possible. 学生用书↓第110页 desperate adj.拼命的，绝望的 (教材原句)He was frowning，too，and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn't change his mind. 他也皱着眉头，脸上的坚定表明他不愿改变心意。 (1)be desperate for sth 渴望某物 be desperate to do sth 渴望做某事 (2)desperation n. 绝望，拼命 in desperation 绝望；不顾死活地 (3)desperately adv. 拼命地，绝望地 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In desperation (desperate)，they jumped out of the window to escape the fire. ②The player was desperate for the welfare，but he failed. ③She waved her yellow blouse desperately (desperate) and yelled at the helicopter with excitement. ④他终于找到了他渴望重新获得的东西——独立。(读后续写之心理描写) He finally found what he'd been so desperate to regain－independence. faulty adj.有故障的，有缺陷的 (教材原句)Another prison breakout：faulty robotics blamed. 另一起越狱事件：机器人技术有问题。 fault n． 过错；缺点；故障 find fault with ... 对……不满/挑剔 be at fault 有过错；有责任 be one's fault 是某人的过错 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is better to make an apology, even though the company is not at fault. ②He likes to find fault with other people，which makes them very unhappy. ③Ruby低下了头，她感到非常后悔和羞愧，因为她意识到是自己的错让他们陷入了这样的境地。(读后续写之心理描写) Hanging her head down, Ruby felt so regretful and shameful that she realized it was her fault that put them into this situation． consistent adj.一贯的，一致的 (教材原句)Now make comments on your partner's story and see whether the language style is consistent. 现在对你搭档的故事发表评论，看看语言风格是否一致。 (1)be consistent with... 与……一致 be consistent in... 在……方面一致 (2)consistently adv. 一贯地，一致地，始终如一地 (3)consistency n. 一致性，连贯性 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Whatever method you choose，you must consistently (consistent) stick with it. ②It's important to show some consistency(consistent) in your work. ③我们应该言行一致。(应用文写作之倡议书) What we say should be consistent with what we do. 学生用书↓第111页 1．一词多义desperate adj. A．非常需要的　B．绝望的　C．孤注一掷的 ①The paramedic says this would be the final，desperate approach.C ②He was so desperate for a job that he would have done anything.A ③I decided to hug Tom tightly when he was in such a desperate position.B 2．熟词生义 ①I hoped that going to university might broaden my horizons.n.眼界 ②We hopped over to Bruges for the weekend.v.快速去(某地) Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：though引导让步状语从句的倒装 (教材原句) Jimmy，expert though he was，couldn't outrace Robutt，who didn't need a spacesuit，and had four legs and tendons of steel. 论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱还不用穿太空服。 (1)though引导让步状语从句时句子可用正常语序，也可把表语、状语或谓语动词提前构成倒装。提前的名词前不带冠词。 (2)as引导让步状语从句必须倒装。 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Child though/as he is，he knows a lot of things. ② Lose his money though he did(do)，he didn't show any sadness at all. ③Though he tried hard，he failed to pass the exam. →Hard though he tried，he failed to pass the exam.(倒装句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$