UNIT 9 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1 To clone or not to clone-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 Step One：Pre­reading Look at the picture and answer the following questions. 1．Who is he? He_is_Sun_Wukong. 2．What is he doing? He_pulled_out_a_handful_of_his_own_hair_and_blew_on_it.Each_strand_of_hair_turned_into_a_fake_monkey—exactly_like_Sun_Wukong.That's_cloning. 3．What is cloning? Cloning_is_the_process_of_making_an_exact_copy_of_a_plant_or_animal_and_developing_it_either_naturally_or_artificially. Step Two：While­reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What's the main idea of the text? A．The hazards of cloning. B．The classification of clones. C．The characteristics of cloning. D．The development process and future of cloning. 答案：D Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph Para.1　A．The definition of cloning. Para.2　B．The first artificial cloning. Para.3　C．The potential benefits of cloning primates. Para.4　D．The first cloned primates. Para.5　E．The writer's attitude towards cloning. Para.6　F．Moral concerns about cloning primates. 答案：Paras.1－6　ABDCFE 学生用书第90页 Ⅲ.Read for the structure Ⅳ.Read for details 1．Why did the author set two examples in Paragraph 1? A．To show us what is natural cloning. B．To tell us different types of cloning. C．To explain how identical twins are produced. D．To show us how to clone plants. 2．What does the cloning of Dolly and other animals indicate? A．It is not possible to clone sheep. B．Cloned animals live a shorter life. C．Cloned animals are much healthier. D．Not all animals can be cloned. 3．What can we infer from Paragraphs 4 and 5? A．Cloning has won firm support from the public. B．Most people are concerned about animal cloning. C．Cloning should be forbidden because of moral concerns. D．People show different attitudes towards cloning. 4．What is the author's attitude towards cloning? A．Supportive.　　　　　　 B．Opposed. C．Uncertain. D．Doubtful. 答案：1－4　ABDC Step Three：Post­reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1. 尝试翻译　起初，多莉发育正常，但后来它患上了一种疾病，这种疾病更常见于更年老的动物。 2. 尝试翻译　灵长目动物的成功克隆获得了全世界的赞誉，被认为是一项巨大的突破，也许能治愈多种疾病并为如何延缓衰老提供线索。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 1．教材佳句　As Einstein said，“Science is a powerful instrument.How it is used，whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind，depends on mankind and not on the instrument.A knife is useful，but it can also kill.”(引言) 学后仿写　正如俗话所说：“有其父必有其子”，他和他的父亲有很多共同之处。 Just_as_the_saying_goes，“Like_father，like_son”，he has a lot in common with his father. 学生用书第91页 2.教材佳句　While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns.(正反观点) 学后仿写　30%的学生认为太空探索不值得。然而，70%的人认为太空值得探索，我们从中受益了很多，比如使用卫星进行通信、传输数据和预报天气。 30%_of_the_students_think space exploration is not worthwhile.However，70%_think space is worth exploring，from which we have benefited a lot，such as using satellites for communication，transmitting data，and forecasting weather. Ⅲ.品质升华 1．Why do researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced? (Critical Thinking批判性思维) Although_cloning_continues_to_be_an_issue_that_causes_a_great_deal_of_disagreement_and_provokes_strong_emotions，as_Einstein_said，“Science_is_a_powerful_instrument.How_it_is used，whether_it_is_a_blessing_or_a_curse_to_mankind，depends_on_mankind_and_not_on_the instrument.A_knife_is_useful，but_it_can_also_kill.” 2．Do you think cloning is a good idea? Use what you have learned to try to persuade someone to accept your point of view.(Creative Thinking创造性思维) Personally，I_think_cloning_is_a_very_practical_science_and_technology，because_it contributes_to_medical_research_and_human_health_development，but_we_know_that_everything has_two_sides，how_to_use_it_does_not_depend_on_the_technology_itself，but_the_use_of technology_and_the_way.Therefore，based_on_this_point，we_should_strive_to_make_technology serve_human_beings. …………………………………………………………………………………◎ ①attempt n．尝试，努力 vt. 试图，尝试 attempt to do sth 试图做某事 ②[简易百科] Dolly(克隆羊多莉)1996年7月5日诞生于英国爱丁堡市罗斯林研究所，是一只通过现代工程创造出来的雌性绵羊，也是世界上第一个成功克隆的哺乳动物。 ③mammal species 哺乳类物种 mammal/'mæməl/n.哺乳动物 ④a pattern of...……的模式 ⑤long­tailed adj.长尾的 [构词法] long­tailed 是由“形容词＋名词­ed”构成的复合形容词。 ⑥primate/'praɪmeɪt/n.灵长目动物 ⑦in comparison with...与……相比 comparison/kəm'pærəsən/n.比较 ⑧non­reproductive cells 非生殖细胞 reproductive/ˌriːprə'dʌktɪv/adj.繁殖的，生殖的 ⑨complicated adj. 复杂的，难懂的 [反义] uncomplicated adj.不复杂的，简单的 ⑩wholly/'həʊli/ adv. 完全地 [近义] completely，totally ⑪be devoted to...致力于…… [注意]to 为介词。其后要接名词、代词或动词­ing形式。 ⑫clue/kluː/n.线索，提示 ⑬the aging process 衰老进程 aging adj. 变老的，变旧的 ⑭potential n．可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜质 adj.(只作前置定语)潜在的，可能的 potential for...……的可能性 ⑮accurate/'ækjərət/adj.准确的，正确的 an accurate description/account/calculation 准确的描述/叙述/计算 [词链] accuracy n. 准确，精确→accurate adj.准确的，正确的→accurately adv.精确地 ⑯treatment/'triːtmənt/n.诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 ⑰provoke strong emotions激起强烈的情绪 provoke /prə'vəʊk/vt.激起，引起 provoke debate/discussion激起辩论/讨论 ⑱crucial/'kruːʃəl/ adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 [近义] critical，essential a crucial factor/issue/decision关键性的因素/问题/决定 be crucial to/for...对……来说至关重要 ⑲moral concerns道德方面的担忧 moral adj.道德的 ⑳bound /baʊnd/ adj.很有可能，肯定会 ㉑ethical/'eθɪkəl/adj.关于伦理的；合乎道德的 ethical issues/standards有关道德的问题/道德标准 ㉒inferior/In'fIəriə/adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的 [反义] superior adj.更高的；更好的 ㉓abuse/ə'bjuːz/vt.滥用，妄用；虐待/ə'bjuːs/n.滥用；虐待 [近义] misuse vt.&n.滥用 ㉔blessing /'blesIŋ/n.福气，幸运 ㉕curse /kɜːs/n.祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语 文化采风 Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua “中中”和“华华”是世界首对体细胞克隆猴。首只克隆猴“中中”于2017年11月27日在位于上海的中国科学院神经科学研究所、脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心的非人灵长类平台诞生；2017年12月5日，第二只克隆猴“华华”诞生。 ◎………………………………………………………………………………… Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially.Natural cloning has been going on for generations.For example，gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium，such as soil.Another example of natural cloning is identical twins，who are produced from the same egg[1]. [1]画线部分为who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词twins，who在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。 For years，there had been attempts① to clone animals artificially.The first successfully cloned[2] animal was a sheep named Dolly② in 1996.At first，Dolly grew normally，but later she developed an illness that is more normally found in much older animals[3].She lived for six and a half years，only half the life of the sheep from which she was cloned[4].After Dolly，scientists have cloned more than 20 mammal species③，including camels，cattle，deer，dogs，goats and mice.However， 学生用书第92页 they have found a similar pattern of④ health problems with these other species as well.This has led to questions such as，“Will this be a major issue for all cloned animals？”“Will it continue to happen forever？”． [2]画线部分为动词­ed形式作定语，修饰名词animal，单个动词­ed形式作定语需放在被修饰的名词的前面。 [3]画线部分为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an illness，that在从句中作主语，不可省略，但可用which代替。 [4]画线部分为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the sheep。 In January 2018，the cloning of two long­tailed⑤ monkeys，Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua，was announced by Chinese scientists.They were the first­ever primates⑥ (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned! [5] In comparison with⑦ other species，cloning primates has proved to be“much harder”，and doing so with non­reproductive cells⑧ was even more complicated⑨.Dr.Sun Qiang，director of the research team，said they had been wholly⑩ devoted to⑪ the research and had been taking care of more than 1，000 monkeys 24 hours a day，7 days a week for more than 5 years.There had been a number of failures before they eventually found a way to successfully clone a monkey[6].The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health.[7] [5]在本句中，名词primates 的前面有 the first­ever 修饰，其后的动词clone 用动词不定式的完成时的被动语态作后置定语，修饰名词 primates。 [6]画线部分为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词a way。 [7]本句中的“they worked so hard to break this technical barrier”为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词 reason；“to get animals...human health”为动词不定式短语作表语，其中还含有一个 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 animal models。 学生用书第93页 The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues⑫ on how to prevent the aging process⑬[8].With this technology，we have the potential⑭ to raise a large number of monkeys with identical genes in a short amount of time，and we can even change their genes to suit research needs.This could help save research time，reduce the number of animals required for testing[9]，produce more accurate⑮ results，and lead to more effective treatments⑯. [8]画线部分为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在句中作介词on的宾语。 [9]画线部分为动词­ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词animals。 Cloning，however，continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes strong emotions⑰.While some people believe it is crucial⑱ for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns.⑲[10]They believe it is bound⑳ to lead to cloning of other species，and they worry about the ethical㉑ questions this raises.For example，they wonder if clones should be treated as objects or as individuals with their own identity[11].Furthermore，clones may be viewed as mere copies of originals thus being seen as inferior㉒.Finally，they worry that some organisations may abuse㉓ the technology for unethical purposes. [10]本句是一个复合句。While引导让步状语从句，while意为“虽然；尽管”。 [11]画线部分为if引导的宾语从句，作动词wonder的宾语，if意为“是否”。 So far，it is still unknown what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up.[12] Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced.[13] As Einstein said，“Science is a powerful instrument.How it is used，whether it is a blessing㉔ or a curse㉕ to mankind，depends on mankind and not on the instrument.A knife is useful，but it can also kill.” 学生用书第94页 [12]it在此为形式主语，“what will...grow up”为真正的主语；其中，还包含一个as引导的时间状语从句。 [13]此处insist后的宾语从句使用了虚拟语气，即谓语部分为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 …………………………………………………………………………………◎ 克隆是通过自然或人为的方式，对植物或动物进行精确复制、培育的过程。自然克隆由来已久。例如，园丁们一直在使用一种克隆技术，从植物上截取一段，放在合适的培养基中，例如土壤。自然克隆的另一个例子是同卵双胞胎，它们是由同一个卵子受精产生的。 多年来，人们一直在尝试人工克隆动物。第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。起初，多莉发育正常，但后来她患上了一种疾病，这种疾病更常见于衰老的动物。多莉活了六年半，寿命只有母体绵羊的一半。继多莉之后，科学家们已经克隆了20多种哺乳动物，包括骆驼、牛、鹿、狗、山羊和老鼠。然而，在这些其他物种的克隆动物身上科学家们也发现了与多莉羊相似的健康问题。由此引发了一些疑问，例如：“这会是所有克隆动物的主要问题吗？”“这个问题会永远持续下去吗？”。 2018年1月，中国科学家宣布成功克隆两只长尾猴，中中和华华。它们是首次被克隆的灵长目动物(哺乳动物的一个目，包括猿、猴子和人类)！与其他的物种相比，克隆灵长目动物要“困难得多”，而且使用非生殖细胞克隆则更为复杂。研究小组的负责人孙强博士说，他们全身心地投入到这项研究中，五年多来每周七天，每天24小时照看一千多只猴子。他们历经多次失败，最终才找到成功克隆猴子的方法。他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒，是为了获得经过基因编辑的动物，研制有助于医学研究和人类健康的动物模型。 灵长目动物的成功克隆获得了全世界的赞誉，被认为是一项巨大的突破，也许能治愈多种疾病并为如何延缓衰老提供线索。有了这项技术，我们就有可能在短时间内培育大量基因相同的猴子，甚至可以改变它们的基因，以适应研究需要。这有助于节省研究时间，减少实验所需动物的数量，使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。 但是，克隆仍是一个会引起很多争议、激起强烈(反对)情绪的问题。尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但其他人提出了道德方面的担忧。他们认为这项技术必将导致其他物种的克隆，担心由此会引发伦理问题。比如，他们提出克隆体是应该被当作物体还是具有独特个性的个体。而且，克隆体可能会被看作母体的副本，因此被认为更低等。最后，他们担心某些组织可能会出于不道德的目的滥用该技术。 到目前为止，我们仍不清楚中中和华华长大后会发生什么。研究人员坚持认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。正如爱因斯坦所言：“科学是一种强有力的工具。怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，取决于人类自己，而不是取决于工具。刀子是有用的，但刀子也能杀人。” 学生用书第95页 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．clone animals　　　　　　　 克隆动物 2．a dominant gene 显性基因 3．mammal species 哺乳动物物种 4．the first­ever primates 第一个灵长目动物 5．non­reproductive cells 非生殖细胞 6．provoke strong emotions 引起强烈的情绪 7．ethical question 伦理问题 8．a curse to mankind 对人类的诅咒 ◎核心单词——练通 1．the barrier to success 成功的障碍 2．a twin brother 孪生兄弟 3．last forever 永世长存 4．a clue to the puzzle 谜题的线索 5．a crucial factor 关键性的因素 6．be bound to pass the exam 一定会通过考试 7．alcohol abuse 酗酒 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．edit vi.&vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→edition n．版本；版次→editor n．编者，编辑 2．artificially adv.人为地，虚假地→artificial adj.人造的；非原产地的 3．identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的→identically adv.同一地；相等地 4．comparison n．比较→compare v．比较，对比；与……类似，将……比作…… 5．accurate adj.准确的，正确的→accurately adv.精确地，准确地→accuracy n．精确度，准确性 6．treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式→treat vt.治疗；对待；视为 n．请客；款待 7．emotion n．强烈的情感，激情→emotional adj.感情的；情感的→emotionally adv.情感上地 8．mere adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的→merely adv.仅仅，只不过 9．blessing n．福气，幸运→bless vt.祝福→blessed adj.有福的；无忧无虑的 1．规律：动词后跟­ment变成名词 treat vt.治疗；对待；视为＋­ment→treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 例如：advancement n．发展，推动；提升argument n．理由；论据agreement n．意见一致，相符；同意 2．规律：形容词后跟­cy变成名词 accurate adj.准确的，正确的＋­cy→accuracy n．精确度，准确性 例如：efficiency n．效率 delicacy n．娇嫩，脆弱 fluency n．流利，流畅frequency n．频繁，频率　　 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．依靠　　　　　　　　　 depend_on 2．遭受，受……折磨 suffer_from 3．导致 lead_to 4．全身心地投入 be_devoted_to 第二组　英译汉 5．on one's own 独自 6．in comparison with 与……比较 7．a large number of/a great deal of 大量的 8．be bound to 注定；很有可能，肯定会；有义务，有责任…… 9．be viewed as 被视为，被看作 学生用书第96页 ◎典型句式——默背 1．句型公式　the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式(作定语) 教材原句　They were the_first­ever_primates (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to_have_been_cloned(第一个被克隆的灵长目动物)! 2．句型公式　while引导让步状语从句 教材原句　While_some_people_believe(尽管有些人认为) it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns. 3．句型公式　as引导定语从句 教材原句　As_Einstein_said(正如爱因斯坦所言)，“Science is a powerful instrument.” Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 comparison n．比较 (教材原句)In comparison with other species，cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”，and doing so with non­reproductive cells was even more complicated. 与其他物种相比，克隆灵长目动物要“困难得多”，而且使用非生殖细胞克隆则更加复杂。 (1)in comparison with　　 与……相比 (2)compare v．&n. 比较；比喻 compare...with/to... 把……和……相比较 compare...to... 把……比作…… compared to/with... 与……相比(通常作状语 温馨提示　分词作状语时，如果谓语动词与主语是被动关系，要用其动词­ed形式；如果谓语动词与主语是主动关系，要用其动词­ing形式。 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Compared(compare) with other languages，Chinese is more confusing and it may lead to confusion for you. ②Teachers are often compared to candles.Because their devotion to work is beyond compare. ③They made a comparison(compare) of different countries' eating habits. ④If you compare the task with the previous one，you will find it more challenging. →Compare_the_task_with_the_previous_one，and you will find it more challenging. →Comparing_the_task_with_the_previous_one，you will find it more challenging. →Compared_to/with_the_previous_one，the task is more challenging. bound adj.很有可能，肯定会 (教材原句)They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species，and they worry about the ethical questions this raises.他们认为这项技术必将导致其他物种的克隆，担心由此会引发伦理问题。 学生用书第97页 be bound to　　很有可能，肯定会；有义务，有责任…… be bound for 前 温馨提示　此处，bound还有“vi.跳跃；跳跃着前进”的含义。 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①Marriages based on money rather than love are bound to_end(end) in divorce sooner or later. ②We are bound for Beijing to attend his anniversary of marriage next week. ③波利拿着一封信，蹦蹦跳跳地进了房间。 Polly_came_bounding_into_the_room holding a letter. be devoted to 致力于…… (教材原句)...they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1，000 monkeys 24 hours a day，7 days a week for more than 5 years. ……他们全身心地投入到这项研究中，五年多来每周七天，每天24小时照看一千多只猴子。 (1)devote v.　　　　 致力，献身，倾注 devote...to... 把……奉献给……；把……专注于……(to为介词) devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 (2)devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的 be devoted to 专心于；致力于 (3)devotion n. 热爱；奉 单句语法填空/应用文写作之人物介绍 ①He devoted all his spare time to helping (help) his students with their English. ②We have learned a great deal from her devotion(devote)to her work and her willingness to help others. ③我最钦佩的人是我的英语老师，他全身心地投入到教学中。 →The person I admire most is my English teacher devoted_to_his_teaching．(动词­ed形式短语作定语) →The person I admire most is my English teacher who/that_devotes_himself_to_his teaching．(定语从句) Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式(作定语) (教材原句)They were the first­ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned！它们是首次被克隆的灵长目动物(哺乳动物的一个目，包括猿、猴子和人类)! 句中to have been cloned为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词the first­ever primates。动词不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。常用动词不定式作后置定语的情况： (1)位于序数词、形容词最高级后或名词被序数词、形容词最高级或only，last，next等词修饰时。 学生用书第98页 (2)一些名词后常用动词不定式作定语，常见的名词：time，way，reason，chance，right，courage，ability等。 (3)当被修饰的词为something，nothing，anything 等不定代词时，常用动词不定式作后置定语 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①My mother is the first woman in her village to_receive(receive)high education. ②As far as I know，Amy was the only person to_witness(witness)the car accident. ③She declined to have dinner with us because she had something to_attend(attend) to. ④我们抓住了爬上梯子的黄金机会，通过梯子上了直升机。 We seized the_golden_chance_to_climb_the_ladder and through it we got into the helicopter. 句型公式：while引导让步状语从句 (教材原句)While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns. 尽管一些人认为这对科学进步至关重要，但另一些人则提出了道德方面的担忧。 句中while引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然，尽管”，可用although/though替换。 while作连词的用法： (1)“尽管，虽然”，多位于句首，引导让步状语从句。 (2)“在……期间”，引导时间状语从句。 (3)while为并列连词，表示对称性转折，用来连接两个并列分句，意为“而；然而” 语境辨义/应用文写作之建议信 ①I found these photos while I was cleaning out my cupboards.当……时候 ②While I fully understand your point of view，I also have some sympathy with Michael's.尽管，虽然 ③I do all the housework while he just does the dishes now and again.然而 ④一些运动通常在室内做，然而其他的在室外做。 Some sports are usually done indoors，while_others_are_done_outdoors． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$