名词性从句 课件 -2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

名词性从句 名词性从句 概念 语序时态 连接词 分类 一，概述： 在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 句子成分？ 基本句子结构？句子种类？ It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. The trouble is that she has lost his address. They have no idea at all where he has gone. Do you remember how it came about? 二，连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词大致相同，分别是： 从属连词：that, whether, if； 连接代词：what, who, whom, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever； 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 。 引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。 类 别 词 义 在从句中的作用 that 无任何词义 仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分 if和whether 意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性 起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分 关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 有各自自身的意义 起连接作用，在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语 关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever 有各自自身的意义 起连接作用，在从句中充当状语 三，whether & if 区别 （1）whether可以应到所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句； 在引起主语从句时，特别是主语从句在句首时，不能用if，除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。 Whether the 2032 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. Whether we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing. The question whether we need it has not been decided. （2）whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句，而if不能。 I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll lend him the money. They are talking about whether they will go there. （3）whether后可以直接跟or not或or no，构成whether or not或whether or no，if则不能。 但可以说whether/if… or not, whether/if… or。 I don't know whether or not he'll come. He will leave for Paris tomorrow, whether or no. I don’t care whether/ if you come or not. （4）whether可以和不定式连用，而if不能。 He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait. They haven’t decided whether to go there or not. （5）if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语，whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。 I don't care if you won't come. He doesn’t care if you don’t pay the money. （6）whether …or可以引导让步状语从句，or不可省略； if可以引导条件状语从句。 Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike. If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 主语从句 1. 在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。 2. 引导主语从句的词有 从属连词that、whether， 连接代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever； 连接副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。 That you don’t like him is none of my business. 。 What he said is true. Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. 3. 用作it作形式主语的结构： （1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句 It’s natural that… It’s obvious that … It’s fortunate that … It’s unlikely that… It’s strange that… （2）It is/was +名词+that 从句 It’s a pity that… It’s a fact that … It’s good news that… It’s a wonder that… It’s an honour that… It’s a shame that… It’s common knowledge that … 是常识… （3）It +不及物动词+that 从句 It seems that… 似乎…… It happened that…碰巧…… It appears that…看来…… It turns out that…结果…… （4）It is/was +过去分词+that 从句 It’s said that… It’s reported that… It’s decided that…It’s believed that… It’s announced that… （5）其他 It doesn’t matter … 是无关紧要的 It makes no difference …毫无区别…… It is of little consequence that…无关紧要 It suddenly struck me (occur to me that… 我突然想到（感觉到）…… It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. It's strange that he didn't come yesterday. It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing. It is said that there was a terrible plane crash this morning. 4. 主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况: （1）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句、感叹句时，主语从句不可提前，用引导词it作形式主语。 Is it really true that he has gone abroad? How surprising it was that he failed in the exam! 2）It is said, reported, …结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It’s reported that the highway will be opened to traffic next week. （3）It happens, occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door. （4）It doesn’t matter how, whether or not…结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It doesn’t matter whether he likes it or not. 5. it作形式主语与it引导强调句的比较 it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构（特别是谓语较短时），主语从句的连词没有变化。 it引导强调句则是对某一句子成分的强调（这一成分可以是词、词组或句子），其结构是“It is(was)+ 强调成分+that”。无论强调什么成分，都要求用连接词that(强调人时可以用who代替)。 It is certain that she will succeed. （主语从句） It is in New York that I met him. （强调句） 表语从句 1. 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。 2. 连接词有: 从属连词that、whether、as though(if), because； 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等； 连接副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。 3. 可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。 4. that引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。 The trouble is that we are short of money. That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow. 同位语从句 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。 它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。 引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有连接代词what, which, who, 以及连接副词how，when，where，why等。 It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. I have no idea what you mean. He made the suggestion that we go by train. There is no doubt that he is guilty. 4、定语从句与同位语从句的区别： （1）同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用； 定语从句相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。 The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good. (定语从句) The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good. (同位语从句) （2）引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略； 引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。 The fact (that) we talked about is important. (定语从句，that作从句中介词about的宾语) The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. (同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分) （3）引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词； 引导同位语从句的when，where是连接副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。 Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied. (定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系) I have no idea when he will be back. (同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系) （4）同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等， 定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。 He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday. （同位语从句） I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together. (定语从句) 宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。 宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，连接代词what, who, whose, which和连接副词when、where、how、why等引导。 He said he wanted to go to town. I hope you'll be better soon. I’m so glad that you were able to come to this party. I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers. 。 Most of the Chinese people usually go to work by bike except when it rains. He asked me whether she was coming. 3、作介词宾语 It depends on whether he is coming or not. I was curious about what we could do next. 注意：that引导的宾语从句只在in, but, except, besides等少数介词后作宾语，形成固定搭配，in that在于（因为），but that要不是(只是)，except that除了……。 The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. His paper is perfect except that there were some misprints. 4、作形容词宾语 No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years． I am not certain whether I have met him before. I'm sorry (that) you're ill. 注意：that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语，that可以省略。anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。 I'm sure (that) he'll help you. I'm glad (that)he has passed the exam. 5、it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语---宾语从句后置 常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况： （1）在make, think, believe, consider, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, prove, understand 等动词接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。 She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone． （2）在like，enjoy，love，hate, take 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语 it。 I like it that everyone passed the exam． （3）由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接 that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。 We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money． I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. （4）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。 Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock. 6、that引导宾语从句的省略。 一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时，特别第一个宾语从句特别长，后面的宾语从句的that不可省略 谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时，that不可省去 当一个句子很复杂，句中有多个状语时，that不可省略 He said you needn't worry and that he would help you .（said之后可省去that，但第二个that不可省去） We decide, as he has suggested, that we will start out tomorrow. 7. 时态的呼应与语序。 在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则： （1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。 Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？ They have no idea at all where he has gone． Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？ （2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。 He said he would come to see us the next day. I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing. （3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。 The teacher said the sun rises in the east． 8 介词后的who/whom，whoever/whomever的选择问题， 则要看连接词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如在从句中作主语则只能选用who/whoever。 Give them to whoever is likely to be interested. Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests. 注意： wh-ever引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句：whatever = anything that，whoever=anyone who, wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when表示泛指； 而what，which，who，when，where，how等词都有时含有疑问意义，表示特指。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. It was a matter of who would take the position. Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. $$