状语从句 课件-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

状语从句 状语从句分类 从句连接词 连接词用法区别 状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。 When I came home， my wife was cooking dinner. Though he was poor， he was happy. If you ask him, he will help you. Since you ask, I will tell you. I can't tell you when you won't listen. He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 状语从句 连词 时间 when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, the moment, immediately, the day, no sooner … than, hardly(scarcely)… when, the minute, the second, every(each) time 地点 where, wherever, everywhere 条件 if, unless, providing/provided that, as(so) long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, only if, 原因 because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that, in view of the fact that(鉴于) 让步 though, although, even if(though), as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh词， granting/granted, whether … or, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that 比较 as…as, not the same as, not so…as, than 方式 as, as if(though), the way 目的 that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest(免得，以免) 结果 so that, so… that, such … that 状语从句分为： 时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件、比较九种。 时间状语从句 1. 常用来引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:when，whenever，after，before，as，as soon as/hardly…when/no sooner…than(一……就……)，while，till/until，since，once等 Don’t be afraid of asking for help when it is needed. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as Father was away in France. Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer the telephone. He had no sooner got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. I'll go to the cinema after I've finished the work. I'll give you a phone as soon as I come back. I haven't heard from Tom since May. He worked till midnight. Come to see me whenever you like. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 2、while, when, whenever和as的用法比较 （1）while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。它不能表示一时性或短暂的动作。 Don't talk so loud while( as) others are working. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me $2. We should strike while the iron is hot. （2）when引导的时间状语从句，可指时间点，也可以指时间段，从句的谓语动词可用终止性动词，也可用持续性动词。when引导的从句表示的具体的时间，从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时，也可以先于主句的动作。Whenever指任何一个不具体的时间。 It was raining when we arrived. （动作同时，指时间点） When you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you. （动作有先后，指时间点） Come whenever you like. （3）用as时主句和从句的动作往往同时发生，具有延伸意义，一般同延续性动词连用，有时可译作“一边…一边…”。 As time went on, his theory proved to be correct. As we walked, we talked. As（when）he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause. 3、名词词组引导时间状语从句 有时名词every/each time(每次)，the first time, the next time(下一次)，the next day(第二天)，the moment(一……就……)， the instant, the second, the year/the day/the week等，也可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。 I gave it to her the moment I saw her． I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor. I didn't have a penny the last time I saw you. 4、副词作连词用引导时间状语从句 有些副词如instantly, immediately，instantly，directly, presently等也可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句，表示"一……就……"的意思。 I recognized her instantly I saw her. The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet. 5、since和before的用法比较 两者均可用于“It+ be...+since/before-从句”的句型。 since表示“自从……以来”，It is/has been +一段时间 since sb. did sth. It was some time since sb. had done sth. before是 “(过了多久)才……”，It was/had been some time before sb. did sth. It will/won’t be some time before sb. does sth. It is 30 years since he joined the revolution. 他参加革命己三十年了。 It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回来。 It was not long before he came back. 不久他就会来了。 原因状语从句 1、because, since, as, for和now that引导原因状语从句 （1）because 表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系。 回答以why引起的特殊疑问句，只能用because。 Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining. He is absent today because he is ill. （2）since 表示对方已经知晓、无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。 I'll do it for you since you are busy. Since you insist, I'll go. （3）as 表示的往往是十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看得出来，语气较弱，只附带说明，比较口语化。 We had better hurry as it's getting dark. As you object, I'll change the plan. As it is raining, I'll not go out （4）for是并列连词，它引导的分句不表示直接的原因，而是用来附带解释或说明前面一句的情况。for引导的分句常位于第一分句之后，它们之间用逗号隔开。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. （5）now that 意为“既然”，与since同义，但更突出事实本身。 Now that you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 2、seeing that, given that, considering that和in that引导原因状语从句 这几个连词同since, as 近义，都有“鉴于某个事实，原因”是之意。 Considering that he's only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well. Seeing that he was ill, they sent for the doctor. In that she is ill, she feels unable to do it. 3、not that…but that…引导原因状语从句 这是一种加强语气的表示原因的结构，意为“不是因为，而是因为” Not that I don't like the film, but that I have no time for it.不是因为我不喜欢这部电影，而是因为我没时间看。 The soldier's essential honor was not that he killed his enemy, but that he was willing to die.军人的真正光荣不是杀敌，而是不惜牺牲。 目的状语从句 1、that，so that，in order that引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may、might、can、could、will, would等。 John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his surprise for the party. These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. Drive carefully (so) that everyone can enjoy a long life. 辨析：in order that引导的状语从句可以放在句首、与句尾，而so that 引导的只能放在句尾；如果从句主语与主句主语一致都可转换成不定式。 She went downtown so that/in order that she would buy some clothes. = She went downtown so as to /in order to buy some clothes. In order that he could make himself understood, he explained it again. = In order to make himself understood, he explained it again. 2、lest, for fear that和in case 都表示“以防，以免”，引导目的状语从句 lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。 for fear that和in case从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。 I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得顺着她，免得她生气。 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 让步状语从句 让步状语从句由though，although，as，even if (though)，however，whatever，whoever，whenever，no matter +wh词，等引导。 Although journalism seems like a good profession，I would prefer to be a teacher． Although he is considered a great writer，his works are not widely read. We won't give up even if we should fail ten times. He might have given you more help，even though he was very busy． 2、as或though引导让步状语从句 （1）由as或though引导让步状语从句用倒装语序，as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，though引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。 Much as I have traveled，I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John. Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me. （2）如果表语为单数可数名词，这个名词不带冠词 12-year-old girl as she is, she has had a good command of English. Child as he is，he knows a lot. (3)如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词，则将实意动词放在as之前 Try as I might，I couldn't lift the stone. Praised as he was, he remained modest. （4）如果句中谓语仅有实意动词，则将实意动词(原形)放在as之前，并在主语后面加助动词do, does, did或will。 Torture her as they did, the enemy got nothing out of her. Fail as he did, he would never give up. 注:但是，如果在句中谓语有副词修饰，则将副词放在as之前。 Again and again as he failed, he didn't lose heart. Much as I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely. 概括为： 形容词     + as/though+ 主与+谓语 副词 动词 分词 名词 3、由no matter+ wh词和由疑问词＋ever引导让步状语从句 这类词有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however， whenever，wherever等,他们相当于no matter+ what（which，who，how，when， where），都不能与but，so，and等并列连词同时使用。 We'll have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes. No matter what(Whatever) you do, don't tell him that I told you this. No matter how pure the water looks, I prefer not to drink it. No matter where (Wherever) you go, I would keep you company. 注意：no matter 可以和whether和if连用。 No matter whether(if) it snows or not, I shall start on the journey. 4、由whether．．．or引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”，提供两种对比情况。 I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. Whether we like a particular piece of news or not, all we have to do is sit in front of the tube and “let it happen”. 条件状语从句 由if，unless引导 if 表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”（if not） You will be late unless you leave immediately. If you don't hurry up, you'll be late. We'll go there unless it rains. 2、由suppose，supposing，as/so long as， providing, provided, on condition that和in case等引导， 这类连词（词组）意思相近，有：“如果、假设、即使、在……条件下”等意义。 Suppose (Supposing) he is ill, what shall we do? You'll do all right, as long as you follow his advice. In case John comes, please tell him to wait. 。 You may keep the book a further week provided (that) no one else requires it. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句一般由as(正如；按照)，as if/as though(好像)等引导。 1、as 和just as “如…，犹如…，正如…”引导方式状语从句 （in the same manner that）。just as 比as的强调性更强。 You must do everything as I do.你们要照我这样去做。 Just as the water is the most important of liquids, air is the most important gases.正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样，空气是气体中最重要的一种。 2、as if 和as though “好像、仿佛” 引导方式状语从句，后可用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况；也可用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况。 He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg. He spoke as if he knew the question very well. She speaks English as if she were a native speaker. 注意：在It looks as if...,It seems as if...句型中常用陈述语气。 It looks as if it is gong to rain. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句一般由where(在……地方; 那里)，wherever(无论哪里)和everywhere(在……每一个地方)引导。 After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre. You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. She found her calculator where she lost it. Everywhere they went, the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed. Sit wherever you like. You can take it with you wherever you go. 注意：where除了表示地点外，还可以表示条件、对比和让步。 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。（条件） We want to stay at home, where children would rather spend the holiday in the country.我们想留在家里，而孩子们却愿到乡间度假。（对比） Wherever I went, the dog followed me. 无论我走到哪里，这只狗总跟着我。（让步） 结果状语从句 1、so that，so…that, such…that引导结果状语从句 So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. He worked hard so that he passed the exam. The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again. He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep. 2、so…that与such…that的区别 这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。 （1）在so...that与such...that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+ a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her. = She is so good a teacher that all of us love her. （2）如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such...that。 He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English. (不可数名词) They are such interesting books that we all want to read them. (复数可数名词) （3）如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。 I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over. (复数可数名词) George had so little money that he had to get a job. (不可数名词) They are such little children that they can't do anything. 巧记so和such引导结果状语从句 名前such，形、副so，多多少少也用so。 little属特殊，“小”用such，“少”用so。 比较状语从句 比较状语从句一般由as…as(和一样)，not as/so…as(与……不一样)，than(比),the more…, the more…(越……越……)引导。 The director gave me a better offer than he gave Dick. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, the better our holiday will be. John plays football as well as, if not better than, David. I can't run as/so fast as he can. 易混易错点 一、状语从句中的省略现象：当时间，条件，让步，方式状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或为it，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语或it和be动词，这时从句中可出现如下结构： Don't speak until spoken to. While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. He often makes mistakes when speaking English. Come tomorrow if possible. If so, you must go back and get it. I'll buy a TV set if necessary. The girl never gave in unless wrong. She stood at the gate as if(she was) waiting for someone. The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though（she was）angry. The inspector looked round, as if(he was) in search of something. Though cold, he still wore a shirt. Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary. 二、such...that...引导的状语从句与such...as...引导的定语从句的区别 ①He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. ②He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him. 第①个句子中 everyone likes 为残缺的句子，即缺少宾语，故可判断为定语从句； 第②句中 everyone likes him 结构完整，不缺任何成分，故可判断为状语从句。 $$