定语从句 课件 2025届高考英语一轮复习

定语从句 解题方法 准确判断定语从句 找出先行词 从句中缺什么成分 是否属于特殊情况 基本概念 定语从句 先行词 关系词 分类 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 考点 关系词的选择 主谓一致 考点必记 用that不用which 用which不用that 用who不用that 用that不用who as 的用法 介词+关系代词 特殊情况 关系词基本用法 在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which: 1. 当先行词是anything，everything，nothing，something，few ，all，none，little等代词时，或者是由any，every，all，some， no，little， few，much，each等修饰时： 2．当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时： 3．当先行词为形容词最高级被形容词最高级修饰时： 4．当先行词被the very／only／same／last 修饰时： 5．当先行词前有who，which等疑问代词时： 6．当先行词既有人，又有动物或者物体时： 7．当先行词在定语从句中做表语时： 在下列情况下，关系词只能用which不用that： 1．介词前置时，关系代词只能用which： 2．引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which 在下列情况下，关系词用who而不用that: 1. 在非限制性定语从句中 2．当先行词是指人的不定代词时 在下列情况下，关系词只能用that不用who： 主语是以who开头的特殊疑问句时 as的用法--as在定语从句中人也可指物，在从句中常可作主语、宾语、表语 1. as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用于the same… as…，such…as…结构中。 These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. We have found such materials as are used in their factory He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。 知识拓展 ①such...as与 such...that的区别such…as中，as 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语 宾语等，等。such...hat 引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。 They had such a fierce dog as I had never seen.（as 在从句中作seen的宾语）They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house. ②the same...as与the same...that的区别 I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed. （同一类的两本词典） I met the same person that I saw yesterday. （同一个人） 2. as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句，成“正如，正像”。 As everybody knows, Shakespeare is a famous writer. 3. as和which的用法辨析（引导非限制性定语从句时） 1）共同点：都可指代整个主句或主句中的某一部分。 2）不同点区分 as位置灵活，可位于主句前、中、后, which只能位于主句之后 as翻译为正如，正像，which翻译为这一点，这件事 as从句的先行词一般只能是句子，which引导的非限制性定语从句先行词还可以是一个名词 as多用于下列习惯用语中： as we all know 正如大家所知 as is well known 众所周知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as was expected 正如预料的那样 as you see 如你所见 as has been said before 如前所述 as is often the case这是常有的事 as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样 as the old saying goes 正如古语所说；常言道 as someone put（s） it 正如某人所说 介词+关系代词 引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词常用which（指物）或whom（指人），即“介词＋which／whom”。 1．当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词which或whom 不能省略。 In the dark street,there wasn't a single person, to whom she could turn for help.在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 2．在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用 that／which（指物），that／whom／who（指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略 This is the hero whom we are proud of.（可省略） This is the pen which I wrote the letter with.（可省略） 3．“介词＋which／whom＋不定式”结构 The poor man has no house in which to live. =The poor man has no house to live in. =The poor man has no house in which he can live. The beggar has no money with which to buy food. =The beggar has no money to buy food with. =The beggar has no money with which he can buy food. 4．“名词／代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构此类结构常见的有：some／both/ several／a few／a little／many／more/most +of which/whom whose+n= the+n+of which/ whom 5．关系代词前介词的确定 1）依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved. 2）依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定。 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which had taken more than three years. 3）根据句子所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 注意： ①当表示地点、时间或原因的名词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时，用that／which引导。 This is the reason that／which he gave me. This is the house that／which we visited yesterday. I still remember the day that／which is his birthday. ②当先行词为表“模糊地点或抽象地点”的名词，如condition，point，position，activity，case，situation 等，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时，也可用where引导。 They have reached the point where they have to separate. Can you think of a situation where we can use this word? 3．way 后面的定语从句如果先行词way后面的定语从句中缺少宾语，则用that或which或省略关系词。如果定语从句中缺少方式状语，则用in which，that或省略。 The way that/which he explained to us was quite simple. The way that/ in which he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 4．time后面的定语从句当先行词是time时，若time表示“次数”，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲，应用关系副词when或at／during＋which引导定语从句。 This is the second time(that)the President has visited the country. There was a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones and no TV sets. 主谓一致的考察： ①有时先行词与关系代词隔开，这时先确定先行词。 Henry is doing experiments in the laboratory which are important to his study of certain chemicals. ②当先行词是“one of the＋复数名词（短语）”，并且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式。 当“one of the＋复数名词（短语）”前有the only，the very 等时，关系代词所代表的是一个单数的概念，所以从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw（draw） lots of visitors. It is said that the Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen（see）from the moon. $$