话题12 科学与技术-【一战成名新中考】2025山东中考英语（鲁教版）·一轮复习·话题读写进阶训练优质课件PPT（讲册）

英语 1 2 第一部分 话题读写精讲练 范畴二 人与社会 话题12 科学与技术 3 【2022课标子主题】科学技术与工程,人类发明与创新 【常考角度】发明创造、新科技、新能源、信息技术与安全、宇宙探索 【教材单元链接】 人教 鲁教 八（上）U7未来的生活 九（全）U6 发明创造 七（下）U3未来的生活 九（全）U1 发明创造 4 话题核心词句 科技 与发明 What technological products are you interested in? 1.science and technology 科学技术 2.scientific study 科学研究 3.great invention 伟大的发明 4.mobile robot 移动机器人 5.artificial intelligence（AI） 人工智能 6.information technology 信息技术 7.surf the Internet 上网 5 科技 与发 明 8.change one's life 改变某人的生活 9.electronic product 电子产品 10.high-speed railway 高铁 11.take the place of 取代 12.be used for 被用于…… 13.be invented by 由……发明 14.make life more convenient and comfortable 使生活更方便和舒适 6 宇宙 航天 Have you ever dreamed of traveling in space? 1.astronaut 宇航员 2.the Galaxy 银河系 3.solar system 太阳系 4.space station 空间站 5.space travel 太空旅行 6.travel into space 去太空旅行 7.send a spaceship into space 把一艘宇宙飞船送入太空 8.explore the mystery of the universe 探索宇宙的奥秘 7 话题随堂精讲 [2024 烟台]A Long March 5 rocket took off from the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province on May 3, 2024. After flying for about 37 minutes, it successfully placed the Chang'e 6 robotic lunar probe（月球探测器） into an Earth-moon transfer trajectory（转移轨道）. Several days later the probe was programmed to land on the moon's far side and started its tasks, which would last about 53 days. 8 This is the world's first try to bring samples（样本） from the moon's far side. For China, it's the second sample-return moon journey. Chang'e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the former Soviet Union（前苏联） and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon's near side. The moon's far side has always been a subject of scientific wonder because of its many mysteries. It's facing away from Earth and it can never be seen from Earth. It was once called the “dark side of the moon” even though it receives just as much sunlight as the near side. Chinese researchers have found that the soil on the far side is much thicker than that on the near side, but they haven't found out the reason. Samples brought back by Chang'e 5 have helped scientists find that there were volcanic（火山的） activities on the near side around 2 billion years ago. Some scientists thought maybe volcanoes became inactive on the far side about 4 billion years ago. Is it true? ▲ “Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang'e 6 with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community,” said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering. 1.When did Chang'e 6 begin to work on the moon? ___ A. On May 3, 2024. B. After flying for about 37 minutes. C. In the winter of 2020. D. After landing on the moon's far side. √ 11 2.How many times has China got samples from the moon's near side?___ A. Once. B. Twice. C. Five times. D. Ten times. 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，这是世界上第一次尝试从月 球背面采集样本。对中国来说，这是第二次取样返回月球之旅，之前所有 这些样本都是从月球近侧收集的，也就是说中国已经有过一次从月球近侧 采集样本。 √ 12 3.According to the passage, the moon's far side ___. A. receives less sunlight than the near side B. has thicker soil compared with the near side C. can be seen from Earth with powerful cameras D. has more recent volcanic activities than the near side √ 13 4.句子还原Which of following can be put in ▲? ___ A. The rocks nearby there will give us the answer. B. We can use higher technology to explore it. C. Scientists can find out the answer from the earth. D. Samples from the far side will allow them to know the answer. 【解析】句子还原题。根据第四段尤其是第三、四句可知，一些科学家们 认为，大约40亿年前，月球背面的火山可能变得不活跃了。这是真的吗？ 而且上文提到嫦娥五号带回来的样本的作用，此处对这一问题进行了回答， 并且和样本有关，“嫦娥五号所带来的样本可以帮助科学家找到几十亿年 前火山活动的答案”符合语境。 √ 14 新考法点拨 句子还原题：解答此类试题时可参考以下步骤： Step 1 分析选项中句子的含义。 Step 2 观察空处所在位置,分析空处与其前后文的逻辑关系（常见的逻辑 关系有：并列关系、因果关系、递进关系、转折关系及解释例证关系）,初 步选定答案。 （1）若在段首,挖空句可能为本段主旨句或过渡句； （2）若在段中,挖空句可能为过渡句或注释句； 15 （3）若在段尾,挖空句可能为过渡句或总结句； 本题中,挖空句位于段尾,上文出现了问句,此处可能是对于前面问句的回答； 通读本段可知,这一段主要是介绍从月球上带回来的样本的作用,并且上文 提到了月球背面的火山活动,对应选项中的Samples和far side,根据这些关键 词,可锁定答案为D。 Step 3 将所选答案代入原文,再次通读上下文,确认逻辑正确。 16 5.What can we learn from Martin Sweeting's words?___ A. Chang'e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks. B. Chang'e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world. C. Chang'e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon. D. Chang'e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back. 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，嫦娥6号收集的远端样本 和近端样本对国际社会来说将具有重大的科学价值，也就是说嫦娥六号正 在为世界执行一项重要的任务。 √ 17 课标高频词句 1.take off ______________ 2.up to now__________ 3.collect from… ______________ 4.even though________________ 5.find out____________ 6.the make-up of ____________ 7.be of great value to________________ （飞机）起飞 迄今为止 从……中收集 尽管,虽然；即使 找出；发现 ……的构成 对……很有价值 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了长征5号的情况，由此引 出对于月球情况的介绍，突出了从月球上带回的样本对于航空事业有重大帮助。 18 话题语篇精练 Passage 1（2024 潍坊二模） How has technology made your life easier? When you go to a shopping mall, you can . .1. . free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with your phone. In fact, all of these things can be seen as the first building blocks of a smart city. The . .2. . of a smart city was first suggested by tech company IBM in 2010. Generally, a smart city is a city . .3. . uses digital （电子的） 19 technology, such as 5G networks and the “Internet of things”, to improve urban planning, save money and resources（资源）, and make our lives more convenient. Cities . .4. . Boston, Amsterdam and Copenhagen are already using smart technology to improve public services. In the US cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart rubbish bins（桶） can sense how . .5. . they are and tell workers when they need to be cleaned. In Amsterdam, traffic is monitored（监测） and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors around the city. There are . .6. . traffic jams. Smart cities will allow us to . .7. . resources. By using sensors and 5G networks to check the usage of water, gas and electricity, city managers can make sure how to use these resources more efficiently. For example, water and gas pipes（管道） could . .8. . repair workers when there is a leak（泄漏）. Air pollution could be more closely monitored, too. Of course, . .9. . will take time to build the smart cities of the future. But since we've already seen successful examples, it won't be long . .10. . more cities join in. Tech Republic estimates（估计） that by 2050, about 60 percent of people worldwide will live in smart cities. 1.( ) A. ask B. find C. offer D. enjoy 2.( ) A. idea B. fact C. truth D. question 3.( ) A. that B. who C. what D. where 【解析】句意：一般来说，智能城市是指使用5G网络和“物联网”等数字 技术来改善城市规划，节省资金和资源，使我们的生活更方便的城市。该 句是定语从句，先行词是“city”，从句中缺主语，故选that。 4.( ) A. as B. for C. like D. from 【解析】根据下文的城市名可知，下文开始举例，介词like符合语境。 √ √ √ √ 22 5.( ) A. full B. dirty C. polluted D. expensive 【解析】句意：在美国波士顿和巴尔的摩等城市，智能垃圾桶可以感应到 里面有多满，并在需要清理的时候告诉工作人员。 6.( ) A. less B. fewer C. busier D. heavier 7.( ) A. use B. save C. invent D. discover 8.( ) A. speak B. obey C. create D. remind 【解析】句意：例如，水和煤气管道可以在有泄漏时提醒维修工人。根据 第四段第二句以及空后内容可知，通过使用传感器和5G网络来检查水、 气和电的使用情况，城市管理者可以确保如何更有效地利用这些资源。此 处指的是当有泄漏时提醒维修工人。 √ √ √ √ 23 9.( ) A. it B. this C. that D. they 10.( ) A. since B. after C. before D. unless 【解析】句意：但由于我们已经看到了成功的例子，不久之后就会有更多 的城市加入进来。根据“it won't be long”并结合语境可知，此处指的是 有更多的城市加入智能城市的时间不会太久。 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能城市，同时介绍了智 能科技在世界一些城市的使用情况及优势，并提到了智能城市的发展前景。 √ √ 24 课标高频词句 1.shopping mall__________ 2.public service__________ 3.allow sb. to do sth.________________ 4.make sure______ 5.take time to do sth.________________ 6.join in______ 购物中心 公共服务 允许某人做某事 确保 花费时间做某事 加入 25 Passage 2 What will the world of the next generation（一代） look like? Many people today are confident that technology is going to help solve some of the most challenging problems we have on Earth today. 1.___ But it may also create new ones. No technology is perfect. A A. New technology may solve old problems. B. These are problems we must expect in the future. C. Looking ahead, it is not difficult to imagine a future. D. And it even might help people walk again after disease. E. The disadvantage is that such a machine is very expensive. F. An advantage of 3D printing is that you can make products anywhere. G. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. 26 When we dream about the future, many of us like to think that we will be able to fly to the sky in our own personal flying car. The advantages are clear. This technology would allow total freedom of movement. We could fly at 480 km per hour, avoiding traffic lights and busy roads. 2.___ If the G A. New technology may solve old problems. B. These are problems we must expect in the future. C. Looking ahead, it is not difficult to imagine a future. D. And it even might help people walk again after disease. E. The disadvantage is that such a machine is very expensive. F. An advantage of 3D printing is that you can make products anywhere. G. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. cars become popular, it is likely to cause a very heavy traffic. And what will happen if the cars break down? 3D printing is another new technology with exciting possibilities for the future. 3D printers are already used to make life-size models of car parts and man-made A. New technology may solve old problems. B. These are problems we must expect in the future. C. Looking ahead, it is not difficult to imagine a future. D. And it even might help people walk again after disease. E. The disadvantage is that such a machine is very expensive. F. An advantage of 3D printing is that you can make products anywhere. G. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. body parts, such as ears. As we move into the future, 3D printing will change the way we make things and the way we treat sick people.3.___ Finally, imagine having your own Iron Man suit. Several companies are trying to build a practical robot suit. This is an E A. New technology may solve old problems. B. These are problems we must expect in the future. C. Looking ahead, it is not difficult to imagine a future. D. And it even might help people walk again after disease. E. The disadvantage is that such a machine is very expensive. F. An advantage of 3D printing is that you can make products anywhere. G. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. electronic suit with robot arms and legs which follows the wearer's movements. It allows you to lift heavy objects and walk long distances（距离）.4.___ However, one disadvantage at the moment is cost. Even a simple robot suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. D A. New technology may solve old problems. B. These are problems we must expect in the future. C. Looking ahead, it is not difficult to imagine a future. D. And it even might help people walk again after disease. E. The disadvantage is that such a machine is very expensive. F. An advantage of 3D printing is that you can make products anywhere. G. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. 5.___ One day, we will be able to fly to work, print out a new pair of shoes or lift a car above our heads. Although there are some problems to solve before all of these are possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer. C A. New technology may solve old problems. B. These are problems we must expect in the future. C. Looking ahead, it is not difficult to imagine a future. D. And it even might help people walk again after disease. E. The disadvantage is that such a machine is very expensive. F. An advantage of 3D printing is that you can make products anywhere. G. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. 1.___ A 【解析】根据上下文可知，技术将有助于解决我们今天在地球上面临的一些 最具挑战性的问题。技术也会滋生出新的问题。没有完美的技术。此处可能 介绍技术的优点和缺点，A项“新技术可能可以解决老问题。”符合语境。 2.___ G 【解析】根据下文可知，如果飞行汽车变得普及，很可能会造成交通堵塞。 由此推知此处是说飞行汽车带来的交通问题，G项“然而，一些人认为交 通管制会出现问题。”符合语境。 32 3.___ E 【解析】根据第一段提到技术也会滋生出新的问题以及第二段、第四段都 是先介绍科技产物的优点，后介绍缺点可知，此处是介绍3D打印的缺点， E项“缺点是这种机器很贵。”符合语境。 4.___ D 【解析】根据上文介绍机器人套装的优点，和下文开始介绍机器人套装的 缺点可知，此处是继续介绍套装的优点，D项“它甚至可能帮助人们在疾 病后再次行走。”符合语境。 33 5.___ C 【解析】根据下文对未来生活的展望可知，此处对未来科技改变生活充满 希望，C项“展望未来，想象未来并不难。”符合语境。 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过三个例子，向读者介绍了未来 科技对生活的改变。 34 课标高频词句 1.dream about______ 2.be able to do sth.____________ 3.traffic light________ 4.break down________ 5.be used to do sth.______________ 梦想 能够做某事 红绿灯 出故障 被用于做某事 35 Passage 3 Scanning QR codes makes life easier or harder? Today, QR codes（二维码） are everywhere in our lives. However, scanning（扫描） them a lot might sometimes feel like a burden （负担）. Is scanning QR codes for everything really convenient? What do you think? Some people think using QR codes is convenient for us. We can scan a QR code to get on the bus without using cash. When you're at a 36 store, you just need to show the QR code on your phone. Then you have paid for your toys or snacks. You don't need to worry about getting the numbers wrong. Also QR codes help us get lots of information, and it's all fast and right. For example, in the zoo, there are QR codes everywhere. Scan them and you can learn all kinds of amazing facts about animals, like having a personal tour guide right on your phone. But some people think scanning QR codes feels like a burden now in our everyday lives. First, it takes more time. Back in the day, ordering food at a restaurant was simple—just talk to the waiter! Now, you might need to take out your phone and scan a QR code to follow a restaurant or an official account（公众号）. If there's no Internet, you can't even do that. Also when you scan some QR codes, there might be pop-up（弹出） ads. They may take you to some other pages. Or you need to share more of your information. Later, you may get calls and junk messages. 1.What can we scan to get on the bus without using cash? _____________ A QR code. 2.Back in the day, what was simple to do at a restaurant? ____________________________ It was simple to order food. 3.What can people learn by scanning the QR code of the zoo? ________________________________________ All kinds of amazing facts about animals. 【解析】根据第二段最后一句可知，在动物园里扫描二维码，你可以了解 到关于动物的各种神奇的事实。 39 4.What will happen if you share your own information? _____________________________________ You may get calls and junk messages. 【解析】根据最后一段最后两句可知，你可能会接到电话和收到垃圾信息。 5.What do you think about using QR codes in your daily lives? Why or why not? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ I think using QR codes is convenient for us. Because it can make our life more convenient./I don't think using QR codes is convenient for us. Because it takes more time.（开放性试题,答案不唯 一,言之有理即可） 40 课标高频词句 1.feel like________ 2.be convenient for______________ 3.worry about______ 4.help sb. （to） do sth.________________ 5.all kinds of____________ 6.take out__________ 感觉像 对……很方便 担心 帮助某人做某事 各种各样的 拿出,取出 【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了扫描二维码让生活更轻 松还是更困难。 41 拓展提升练 写作手法How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2?___ A. By comparing ideas. B. By listing numbers. C. By explaining reasons. D. By giving examples. 【解析】写作手法题。根据第二段，作者通过给出具体的例子来阐述自己 的观点，即二维码的使用是方便的。作者首先提到可以通过扫描二维码不 用现金就可以上车，然后在商店里只需展示手机上的二维码就可以完成支 付，接着提到在动物园里到处都是二维码，扫描后可以了解到各种动物的 惊人事实，就像在手机上有一个私人导游一样。这些都是作者通过给出具 体的例子来支持自己的观点。 √ 42 Passage 4（2024凉山州改编） With the development of science and technology, our life is becoming more and more convenient. It seems that everything has been reinvented and 1.__________（improve）, but there is one thing unlike them—a blind walking stick. It was invented over 100 years ago and has been used 2.____ many blind people for a long time. However, it had remained unchanged until 3.____ engineer named Kursat decided to make a change. improved by an 43 Kursat is blind. He 4._______（deep） understands the difficulties and challenges that the blind face. He put some technical knowledge into his invention and invented a smart stick, hoping 5.________（help） the blind. The smart stick 6._____（use） built-in speakers and different sensors（传感器） to warn about possible dangers. It helps blind people know about the environment around them. It makes their travel much 7._______（easy） than before. deeply to help uses easier 44 In the future, this invention is going to make a big difference to more blind people. “It will not only change 8.____（I） life, but also the life of other people.” Kursat said, “As a blind person, when I am at the subway station, I don't know which is my exit（出口）. I don't know which bus is coming or which 9._______（store） are around me. 10._____ now, the smart stick can provide a lot of information for the blind,” he said, “I believe the life of the blind will be much more convenient and safer.” my stores But 45 1.__________ 2.____ improved by 【解析】根据语境可知，此处指已经被许多盲人使用了很长一段时间，by 符合语境。 3.____ an 【解析】此处泛指一个工程师，且engineer以元音音素开头，故填an。 4._______ 5.________ deeply to help 46 6._____ 7._______ 8.____ uses easier my 【解析】此处应填形容词性物主代词来修饰名词life。 9._______ 10._____ stores But 【解析】根据前后语境可知此处表转折关系，but符合语境。注意句首单 词首字母应大写。 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位盲人工程师为盲人 群体发明了一种便捷了盲人生活的智能拐杖。 47 课标高频词句 1.It seems/seemed that… ______________ 2.blind walking stick __________ 3.make a change __________ 4.technical knowledge __________ 5.hope to do sth. ____________ 6.warn about ________________ 似乎/好像…… 盲人手杖 做出改变 技术知识 希望做某事 就……提出警告 7.make a difference to ________________ 8.subway station ________ 9.provide sth. for sb. ________________ 对……产生影响 地铁站 为某人提供某物 48 $$