15. 2025年高一英语寒假作业 单词复习+习题精做 每天80分钟 （十五）必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration 学习测试版+答案解析版

第二部分 弯道超车 必修第三册 2025高一寒假作业 每天80分钟 （十五） 答案解析版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 Unit 4 Space Exploration Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人 2. procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续 3. cm abbr. (centimetre or centimeter)厘米 4. rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹 5. gravity n. 重力；引力 6. frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区 7. vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆 8. satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 9. orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt. & vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 10. giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人 11. leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi. & vt. (leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped) 跳过；跃过 12. agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 13. transmit vt. & vi. 传输；发送 14. data n. [pl. ]资料；数据 15. spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走的时间 16. jade n. 玉；翡翠；玉器 17. solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 18. solar system太阳系；类太阳系 19. sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 20. soap n. 肥皂 21. microwave n. (also microwave oven)微波炉 22. tissue n. 纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织 23. facility n. 设施；设备 24. fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的 25. high-end adj. 高端的 26. foam n. 泡沫橡胶；泡沫 27. pillow n. 枕头 28. smartphone n. 智能手机 29. closing adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. launch vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市 2. mankind n. 人类 3. signal vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志 4. recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 5. muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力 6. float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流 7. otherwise adv. 否则；要不然 8. beyond prep. 在更远处；超出 9. current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮 10. towel n. 毛巾；抹布 11. keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的 12. shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的 13. pattern n. 模式；图案；模范 14. monitor n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控 15. resource n. 资源；财力；物力 16. oxygen n. 氧；氧气 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. mental adj. 精神的；思想的→mentally adv. 精神上地 2. intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n. 智慧 3. determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt. 查明；确定；决定→determination n. 决心；果断 4. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt. 使失望→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointment n. 失望；沮丧 5. desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望→desirable adj. 值得做的 6. independent adj. 独立的；自立的→independently adv. 独立地；自立地→independence n. 独立；自立→depend vi. 依靠 7. lack vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺→lacking adj. 缺乏的；不足的 8. globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪→global adj. 全球的；全面的 9. argue vt. & vi. 论证；争辩；争论→argument n. 争论；争吵；论点 10. analysis n. (pl. analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v. 分析 11. regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv. 有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj. 无规律的；不定期的 12. limited adj. 有限的→limitless/unlimited adj. 无限的→limit vt. & n. 限制 13. mystery n. 神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj. 神秘的 14. attach vt. 系；绑；贴→attached adj. 附着的；依恋的→attachment n. 附件；附属品；依恋 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. carry on继续做，坚持干 2. on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 3. in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望 4. so as to (do sth)为了；以便 5. figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 6. result in导致；造成 7. as a result所以；结果(是) 8. provide for sb 提供生活所需 9. in closing最后 10. run out用完；耗尽 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. (otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句) 宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。 2. Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve. (主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do. . . ) 把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。 3. Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. (动名词短语作主语) 首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。 4. As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. (现在分词作前置定语) 因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。 晨检得分 _______/_______ · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共12分) 1. procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续 2. sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 3. gravity n. 重力；引力 4. fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的 5. vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆 6. satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 7. orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt. & vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 8. high-end adj. 高端的 9. agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 10. leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi. & vt. 跳过；跃过 11. data n. [pl. ]资料；数据 12. transmit vi. & vt. 传输；发送 Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. launch vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市 2. signal vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志 3. recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 4. beyond prep. 在更远处；超出 5. float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流 6. current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮 7. keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的 8. pattern n. 模式；图案；模范 9. monitor n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控 10. resource n. 资源；财力；物力 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分) 1. mental adj. 精神的；思想的→mentally adv. 精神上地 2. intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n. 智慧 3. desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望→desirable adj. 值得做的 4. lack vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺→lacking adj. 缺乏的；不足的 5. globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪→global adj. 全球的；全面的 6. regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv. 有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj. 无规律的；不定期的 7. mystery n. 神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj. 神秘的 Ⅳ. 拔高词汇(每小题2分，共10分) 1. accustomed adj. 习惯于；通常的 2. cherish vt. 抱有(信念、希望)；怀念；珍爱 3. exhausted adj. 筋疲力尽的；枯竭的 4. capture n. (被)捕获；(被)俘获 vt. 俘虏；俘获；捕获 5. whatsoever adv. 丝毫(不)；一点也(不) Ⅴ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共12分) 1. carry on继续做，坚持干 2. on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 3. so as to (do sth)为了；以便 4. figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 5. as a result所以；结果(是) 6. in closing最后 · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ. 词形变化填空(每小题2. 5分，共20分) 1. When asked whether he was determined to be an astronaut，the boy just looked at me with determination. (determine) 2. What disappointed me was not the disappointing result of the match. It was your disappointed look that gave me a strong sense of disappointment. (disappoint) 3. Most of us are longing to be independent from our parents，because our independence shows that we’ve grown up but when meeting with difficulties，we’ll have to depend on our parents. (depend) 4. A person’s life is limited but knowledge is limitless/unlimited. (limit) 5. An argument about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the conference and some people argued that we should stop wasting time and money on it. (argue) 6. Unsatisfied with the results of the analysis，the researchers analyzed the data again. (analyze) 7. He is healthy mentally and physically. That is to say，he has mental and physical health. (mental) 8. Many parents attach great importance to getting a good education at this school attached to Peking University. (attach) Ⅱ. 选词填空(每小题2分，共12分) 1. Only after he failed a second time did he realize that it was his laziness that resulted in his failure. 2. My car broke down on the way to the beach because petrol had run out. 3. We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. 4. Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe. 5. We are anxious to know whether you have figured out how much the trip will cost altogether. 6. She’d have sufficient money to provide for her children until she could find a job. Ⅲ. 经典句型仿写(每小题2. 5分，共10分) 1. 工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句) The workers were not better organized，otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time. 2. 你知道来参加聚会的人数吗？(现在分词短语作定语) Do you know the number of people coming to the party? 3. 我真诚地邀请你和我们一起过春节。你会发现这里的人很友好，他们很容易相处。(主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do. . . ) I sincerely invite you to spend Spring Festival with us. You’ll find people here friendly and they are easy to get along/on with. 4. 听录音机是提高你听力技能的好方法。 (动名词短语作主语) Listening to the radio is a good way to improve your listening skill. 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与社会之建议买望远镜之前要多了解一些天文知识 说明文 643 适中(0. 65) B 人与社会之日本第一航空公司推出了虚拟航空旅行 说明文 372 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与社会之利用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物 说明文 401 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之香港学生陈曼林参加“带着我的梦想上天宫”的全国性活动，幸运地得到了宇航员陈冬的回信的故事 说明文 556 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与社会之中国天宫空间站宇航员在绕地球飞行期间举办了一场科学讲座 说明文 191 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 投稿 介绍班级关于太空探索的必要性的讨论情况并表明自己的观点 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （22-23高一·全国·期末）If you are ever planning to buy a telescope and want to get yourself involved in astronomy it is always a good idea to know a bit of the sky. Get acquainted with a few constellations(星座) so that it will be easier for you to spot the constellations when you are using your telescope. It’s a good idea to buy a few magazines on astronomy to help you to get familiar with the constellations in the sky and also read a few reviews on the different types of telescopes in the market. This will help you gather all the information about telescopes and what people have to say about them. It’s advisable to go in for a pair of binoculars(双筒望远镜) before you buy your first telescope so that you can get used to spotting constellations before your view of the sky is narrowed down. This will also help you know if you really want to get involved in astronomy. Many people buy a costly telescope and then discover that they’re not actually interested in astronomy. Experience has no substitute, and there certainly is nothing better than using different telescopes before you buy one. This will help you to get the feel of all the types of telescopes and you will know which one is easier for you to use. A large aperture(光圈) refractor(折射) may give you an excellent image but you may not be able to keep a steady hand while using it resulting in an unclear image. There are three types of telescopes that are available in the market. If you want a more elegant looking telescope you can always choose to buy a fine brass telescope. It’s good to become acquainted with each type before going for the plunge of a first telescope. The first type of telescope is the refractor telescope, which uses lenses(镜片) to gather light to a focus at the eye piece. The use of lenses helps the telescope have a superior image. A refracting telescope is not as portable as the other two types of telescopes and so you will have to buy one with a small aperture. The second type of telescope is the Reflector. This telescope functions by focusing the light back at the front of the tube,which is where the eyepiece sits,by using parabolic(抛物线的) mirrors and another smaller mirror to deflect the light. There is no added colour in the image caused by refraction of light since this telescope does not use lenses. These are the cheapest of all telescopes and are more portable than refractors. 1. According to the text,a telescope is intended to be bought for ________. A. getting experience B. watching stars C. studying the climate D. learning about a bit of the sky 2. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A. One must know something about astronomy and telescopes. B. One can’t buy a telescope without buying several astronomy magazines. C. One should check the telescopes in the market and try to find a better one. D. One must be familiar with new information of astronomy and space instruments. 3. Why does the author advise buying a pair of binoculars first? A. The telescope is too expensive. B. The binoculars are easier to use. C. You may gain plenty of experience in astronomy. D. Your view will be narrow by using a pair of binoculars. 4. What do we know about the refracting telescope? A. It looks very elegant. B. It refracts light by an eye piece. C. It has clear images without any lenses. D. It is not convenient to take along for its size. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】科普知识 、方法/策略、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者建议买望远镜之前要多了解一些天文知识。同时作者介绍了购买望远镜前应该了解市场上对各种望远镜的评价，从而对产品有所了解。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“If you are ever planning to buy a telescope and want to get yourself involved in astronomy it is always a good idea to know a bit of the sky. Get acquainted with a few constellations(星座) so that it will be easier for you to spot the constellations when you are using your telescope. ( 如果你打算买一个望远镜，想让自己参与到天文学中来，了解一些天空总是一个好主意。熟悉几个星座，这样你在使用望远镜时就能更容易地发现星座。)”可知，作者建议买望远镜之前多了解一些天文知识，特别是星座方面的知识,这就说明望远镜的用途是用来观察星星。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’s a good idea to buy a few magazines on astronomy to help you to get familiar with the constellations in the sky and also read a few reviews on the different types of telescopes in the market. (买几本天文学杂志是一个好主意，可以帮助你熟悉天空中的星座，也可以阅读一些关于市场上不同类型望远镜的评论。)”可知，作者建议在购买望远镜前多了解一些天文知识，并且了解人们对市场上各种望远镜的评价，从而对产品有所了解。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。在第三段中“It’s advisable to go in for a pair of binoculars(双筒望远镜) before you buy your first telescope so that you can get used to spotting constellations before your view of the sky is narrowed down. (在你买第一个望远镜之前，最好先买一副双筒望远镜，这样你就可以在你的天空视野缩小之前习惯发现星座。)”以及“This will also help you know if you really want to get involved in astronomy. (这也会帮助你知道你是否真的想参与天文学。)”可知，作者建议先使用双筒望远镜以获取经验并且确定对观测天文现象是否真的感兴趣。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“A refracting telescope is not as portable as the other two types of telescopes and so you will have to buy one with a small aperture. (折射望远镜不像其他两种望远镜那样便携，所以你必须买一个小口径的望远镜。)”可知，折射望远镜不如其他两种方便携带。故选D。 B （22-23高一·全国·期末）Imagine flying from Tokyo to Paris,enjoying first-class travel,a four-course dinner and a city tour—all without leaving the ground. This is the future of air travel according to Japanese company First Airlines,which has used the power of virtual reality to create dream vacations. Passengers avoid the costly airport transfer,the baggage fees or busy airport terminal(航站楼)—and instead enjoy the privileges of business or first-class travel and an expensive tour of Paris—all while remaining motionless in Tokyo. As well as Paris,First Airlines also offers the virtual destinations of New York,Rome and Hawaii. After boarding,guests can settle down for the two-hour flight on their advanced Airbus seat-surrounded by decoration that is modeled on the inside of an aircraft,for maximum realism. There is flight service and VR,foods,music for every destination. Passengers will be served a delicious meal by air stewards,alongside drinks and other desserts. The menu depends on the destination of choice—Manhattan clam chowder(蛤蜊杂烩汤) and cheesecake for New York and salmon and onion soup for Paris. After landing at the destination,guests can enjoy a 360-degree tour of the destination—all thanks to projection(投影) mapping and video. It makes for a supposedly stress-free vacation,perfect for those whose ability to travel abroad is limited by cost or health. Virtual reality is becoming increasingly present everywhere at all times in the world of travel—allowing travellers to appreciate the wonders of the world,all without leaving their houses. At just 4,980 yen($46) for business class and 5,980 yen($56) for first class—these two-hour flights are far more affordable than their real-life flights. 5. What can we learn about the future of air travel from Tokyo to Paris? A. It is high-flying. B. It is money-saving. C. It is power-wasting. D. It is time-consuming. 6. Who is the flight perfect for? A. People who do little physical exercise. B. People who work under great pressure. C. People who desire to travel a long distance. D. People who have health or money troubles. 7. What can be the best title for the text? A. A scientific fantasy B. The power of virtual reality C. Japan’s virtual air travel abroad D. Appreciation of the global wonders 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. C 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】发明与创造 、说明文 【导语】本文是说明文。本文主要讲述的是日本第一航空公司推出了虚拟航空旅行，描述了航空旅行的未来，它利用虚拟现实的力量创造了梦幻般的假期。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Passengers avoid the costly airport transfer,the baggage fees or busy airport terminal—and instead enjoy the privileges of business or first-class travel and an expensive tour of Paris—all while remaining motionless in Tokyo. (乘客们不用支付昂贵的机场接送费、行李费或繁忙的机场终端机，而是享受商务或头等舱的特权，以及昂贵的巴黎之旅——所有这些都在东京一动不动)”可知，从东京到巴黎的航空旅行在未来是省钱的。故选B项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It makes for a supposedly stress-free vacation,perfect for those whose ability to travel abroad is limited by cost or health. (这是一个据称没有压力的假期，非常适合那些因成本或健康状况限制出国旅行的人)”可知，对于那些有健康或金钱问题的人来说，这个体验是完美的。故选D项。 7. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Imagine flying from Tokyo to Paris,enjoying first-class travel,a four-course dinner and a city tour—all without leaving the ground. This is the future of air travel according to Japanese company First Airlines,which has used the power of virtual reality to create dream vacations. (想象一下，从东京飞往巴黎，享受头等舱的旅行，四道菜的晚餐和一次城市之旅——所有这些都不用离开地面。日本第一航空公司表示，这是航空旅行的未来，该公司利用虚拟现实的力量来创造梦想假期)”可知，本文主要讲述的是日本第一航空公司推出了虚拟航空旅行，描述了航空旅行的未来，它利用虚拟现实的力量创造了梦幻般的假期。故选C项。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高一上·北京朝阳·期末）Future astronauts could potentially rely on food made from bacteria (细菌) that feed on minor planets, to produce a kind of yogurt. While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves, the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth. 8 That’s why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario, Canada, decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food. This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets. But Pearce’s team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags. 9 The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder. 10 “We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food,” he says. “It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using, more or less, has a third each for the three major nutrients people need. ” If the idea is sound, a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, could feed between 600 and 17,000 astronauts for a year, says Pearce. 11 A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space. This would take a long time to get everything in place. 12 They plan to start off with coal and then moving to space rocks that have fallen to Earth. A. It would be impossible for more distant, longer-lasting tasks. B. So the researchers hope to test the idea on a lower level in the coming year. C. Future astronauts could soon enjoy a nutritionally perfect diet made from bacteria. D. While that might not sound delicious, Pearce says the bacteria are well-suited for human needs. E. They heated the plastic without oxygen and then fed this to a mixture of bacteria that eat carbon. F. Although there is certainly hope, it is still a very futuristic idea that needs to be thought through. G. The exact number depends on how effectively the bacteria can break down the minor planet’s carbon materials. 【答案】8. A 9. E 10. D 11. G 12. B 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】发明与创造 、航空航天 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了一种未来宇航员可能在太空中获取食物的新方法：利用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物，类似于酸奶或粉末。如果成功，这种方法可以在小行星上大规模生产食物，为未来的太空探索提供支持。 8. 根据空前“While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves, the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth. (虽然国际空间站上的宇航员已经尝试种植沙拉叶，但在太空中消费的大部分食物都是从地球运输过去的)”和空后“That’s why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario, Canada, decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food. (这就是为什么加拿大安大略省西安大略大学的约书亚·皮尔斯决定尝试使用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物)”可知，太空使用的大部分食物来自地球，因此更加遥远且持久的任务是不可能的，因为食物无法供应，因此推断A项“这对于更远距离、更长时间的任务来说是不可能的。”符合语境，并且引出下文的解决办法——尝试使用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物，故选A。 9. 根据前文“This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets. But Pearce’s team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags. ( 这一过程尚未在真正的行星上进行。但皮尔斯的团队已经进行了类似的实验，使用细菌分解军队食品供应袋中的塑料残留物)”和后文“The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder. (最终的细菌混合物看起来像一种棕色奶昔，团队还尝试将这种物质干燥，以生产出类似酸奶或粉末的东西)”可知，本段讲述实验过程，因此E项“他们在没有氧气的情况下加热塑料，然后将其喂给一种以碳为食的细菌混合物。”符合语境，承上启下。故选E。 10. 根据后文““We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food,” he says. “It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using, more or less, has a third each for the three major nutrients people need. ”(“我们进行了营养研究，结果发现它几乎是一种完美的食物，”他说。“我们使用的细菌混合物中，几乎三分之一是人类所需的三大主要营养素之一。”)”可知，此处是一位研究人员介绍的研究结果，结合前文应是Joshua Pearce说的话，因此推断D项“虽然这听起来可能不太美味，但皮尔斯表示，这些细菌非常适合人类的需求。”符合语境，承接前一段，介绍实验的食物。故选D。 11. 根据前文“If the idea is sound, a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, could feed between 600 and 17,000 astronauts for a year, says Pearce. (如果这个想法是可行的，皮尔斯表示，一个类似2020年NASA访问的贝努小行星的500米宽的小行星，每年可以为600到17000名宇航员提供食物)”可知，实验成功后可以在一个500米宽的小行星，每年可以为600到17000名宇航员提供食物，因此推断G项“具体数字取决于细菌分解小行星碳物质的效率。”符合语境，与前文语境相符。故选G。 12. 根据前文“A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space. This would take a long time to get everything in place. (一个完整的行星食物项目将需要一个“工业级智能机器”在太空中运行。这需要很长时间才能将一切安排妥当)”和后文“They plan to start off with coal and then moving to space rocks that have fallen to Earth. ( 他们计划从煤炭开始，然后转向落到地球上的太空岩石)”可知，在太空运行的“工业级智能机器”需要很长时间才能安排妥当，研究人员计划从煤炭开始研究，因此推断B项“因此，研究人员希望在来年在较低水平上测试这个想法。”符合语境，前后文是因果关系，故选B。 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高一上·江西上饶·期中）Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. The 13 of receiving those letters is beyond description. Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was very happy. Her pen pal was orbiting in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. When Chen 14 the national letter-writing activity named “Sending My Dream to Tiangong” to write to the 15 on Tiangong, she wrote a letter the same evening. In her letter, she detailed every moment of her own planned 16 toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development, and what she knew about astronauts and the national aerospace development program. Chen’s 17 to write the letter was more than just an impulse (冲动). Her 18 in space had begun at the age of six 19 she watched the live broadcast from orbit (轨道) of a science lecture. She poured that passion for space into her letter, as well as some of her problems over her studies in life. The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong, 20 about a month later. As one of the 30,000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity, Chen was 21 chosen to receive a reply, the only one in Hong Kong. To encourage the students, Chen Dong recalled 22 he became an astronaut step by step. He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties when studying physics and other 23 necessary to achieve his goals. He hoped that young Hong Kong people could follow 24 dreams and make contributions to the country. The arrival of a letter from space was also a 25 gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. “I’ll do as he 26 in the letter; study harder and 27 to stay healthy. I look forward to contributing to national aerospace development in the future,” said Chen. 13. A. report B. beauty C. message D. kindness 14. A. thought about B. cared about C. talked about D. learned about 15. A. astronauts B. writers C. parents D. teachers 16. A. vacation B. journey C. race D. interview 17. A. purpose B. chance C. decision D. notice 18. A. habit B. style C. story D. interest 19. A. when B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as 20. A. posted B. left C. arrived D. brought 21. A. suddenly B. luckily C. widely D. truly 22. A. when B. where C. why D. how 23. A. abilities B. skills C. subjects D. hobbies 24. A. his B. their C. our D. your 25. A. proper B. possible C. fair D. useful 26. A. ordered B. promised C. prepared D. advised 27. A. find out B. come out C. work out D. look out 【答案】 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】记叙文、生活故事、航空航天 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了香港学生陈曼林参加“带着我的梦想上天宫”的全国性活动，幸运地得到了宇航员陈冬的回信的故事。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：收到这些信的美妙之处无法形容。A. report报道；B. beauty美妙；C. message信息；D. kindness善良。根据上文“Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. ”可知，此处指收到信的美妙之处，故选B。 14. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当陈了解到“把我的梦想送到天宫”给天宫上的宇航员写信的全国性写信活动时，她当晚就写了一封信。A. thought about考虑；B. cared about关心；C. talked about谈论；D. learned about了解。根据下文“she wrote a letter the same evening”可知，她了解到这个活动后当晚就写了一封信，故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. astronauts宇航员；B. writers作家；C. parents父母；D. teachers老师。根据“Sending My Dream to Tiangong”以及下文“and what she knew about astronauts”可知，该活动是给宇航员写信，故选A。 16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她的信中，她详细介绍了自己为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的计划旅程的每一刻，以及她对宇航员和国家航空航天发展计划的了解。A. vacation假期；B. journey旅程；C. race比赛；D. interview采访。根据“toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development”可知，此处指为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的计划旅程，故选B。 17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：陈写这封信的决定不仅仅是一时冲动。A. purpose目的；B. chance机会；C. decision决定；D. notice通知。根据上文“she wrote a letter the same evening”可知，她给宇航员写了一封信，此处指写信这个决定，故选C。 18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对太空的兴趣始于六岁，当时她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的直播。A. habit习惯；B. style风格；C. story故事；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“passion for space”可知，陈对太空感兴趣，故选D。 19. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. when当……时；B. as long as只要；C. as soon as一……就……；D. as far as就……而言。空处引导定语从句，先行词是“at the age of six”，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导，故选A。 20. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约一个月后，神舟十四号宇航员陈冬发来了三页的回复。A. posted发布；B. left离开；C. arrived到达；D. brought带来。根据下文“Chen was ____9____ chosen to receive a reply”可知，Chen被宇航员选中回信，故此处指回信到达，下文“The arrival of a letter from space”中arrival也是提示，故选C。 21. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为来自全国各地参加活动的3万名学生之一，陈很幸运地收到了回复，这是香港唯一的回复。A. suddenly突然；B. luckily幸运地；C. widely广泛地；D. truly真正地。根据上文“As one of the 30, 000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity”可知，全国有30000名学生参加活动，故被选中回信是非常幸运的，故选B。 22. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：为了鼓励同学们，陈冬回忆了自己一步一步成为宇航员的。A. when当……时；B. where哪里；C. why为什么；D. how如何。空处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，结合“step by step”可知，此处指“如何一步步成为宇航员”，使用how引导，故选D。 23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还分享了他在学习物理和其他必要科目时克服困难的技巧，以实现他的目标。A. abilities能力；B. skills技巧；C. subjects科目；D. hobbies爱好。根据“physics”可知，此处指物理和其他科目，故选C。 24. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：他希望香港的年轻人能够追随自己的梦想，为国家做出贡献。A. his他的；B. their他们的；C. our我们的；D. your你（们）的。根据“young Hong Kong people”可知，他希望香港的年轻人能够追随他们的梦想，故选B。 25. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这封来自太空的信件，也是纪念香港回归祖国25周年的合适礼物。A. proper适当的；B. possible可能的；C. fair公平的；D. useful有用的。结合句意及“to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland”可知，这封来自太空的信是纪念香港回归祖国25周年一个合适的礼物，故选A。 26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将按照他在信中所建议的去做；努力学习，锻炼身体，保持健康。A. ordered命令；B. promised承诺；C. prepared准备；D. advised建议。根据上文“He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties”可知，陈冬在回信中给出了一些建议，故选D。 27. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. find out查明；B. come out出现；C. work out锻炼；D. look out当心。根据“to stay healthy”可知，此处指锻炼以保持健康，故选C。 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) （24-25高一上·云南大理·期末）阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese astronauts in Tiangong space station hosted a science lecture 28 December 9th, 2021 as they travelled around the Earth. As one of the world’s largest and 29 (advance) spacecraft, Tiangong space provided   30 unique platform for this educational outreach (社区服务). There was a lecture and some inspiring activities on that exciting day. First, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, all members of the Shenzhou VIII mission crew, 31 (greet) students, teachers and so on as the lecture began. They then showed viewers the place where they live and work. The astronauts carried out experiments 32 (show) interesting physical phenomena in space, 33 (explain) the special physical effects that happen in space without gravity. At last, before the end of the live streamed activities, they 34 (happy) answered questions from students. 35 (million) of students across China watched the 60-minute televised (电视转播的) event, 36 was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class. The event marked a significant milestone in China’s space exploration journey, showing the country’s commitment to promoting scientific literacy 37 fostering a new generation of space enthusiasts. 【答案】 28. on 29. most advanced 30. a 31. greeted 32. to show 33. explaining 34. happily 35. Millions 36. which 37. and 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】航空航天 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了2021年12月9日，中国天宫空间站宇航员在绕地球飞行期间举办了一场科学讲座。 28. 考查介词。句意：2021年12月9日，中国天宫空间站宇航员在绕地球飞行期间举办了一场科学讲座。此处表示“在2021年12月9日”，表示在具体某一时间或某一天的上午、下午、晚上等，用介词on。故填on。 29. 考查最高级。句意：作为世界上最大和最先进的航天器之一，天宫空间为这次教育推广提供了一个独特的平台。空处修饰名词spacecraft，应用形容词advanced，根据上文one of the world’s largest and可知，应用形容词advanced的最高级形式most advanced。故填most advanced。 30. 考查冠词。句意：作为世界上最大和最先进的航天器之一，天宫空间为这次教育推广提供了一个独特的平台。platform为泛指，且unique是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。 31. 考查时态。句意：首先，讲座开始时，翟志刚、王亚平、叶光富全体神舟八号机组成员向同学、老师等致意。根据后文as the lecture began可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填greeted。 32. 考查非谓语动词。句意：宇航员们进行了实验，展示了太空中有趣的物理现象，解释了在没有重力的太空中发生的特殊物理效应。句中已有谓语carried out，空处作非谓语动词，此处是不定式作目的状语，表示“宇航员进行实验的目的是展示有趣的物理现象”。故填to show。 33. 考查非谓语动词。句意：宇航员们进行了实验，展示了太空中有趣的物理现象，解释了在没有重力的太空中发生的特殊物理效应。句中已有谓语carried out，空处作非谓语动词，此处astronauts 和explain之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。故填explaining。 34. 考查副词。最后，在直播活动结束前，他们愉快地回答了同学们提出的问题。空处修饰动词answered，用副词happily作状语。故填happily。 35. 考查固定短语。句意：全国数百万学生观看了这场60分钟的电视直播活动，这是天宫课堂的第一堂课。此处表示“数百万”短语为millions of，且句首单词首字母大写。故填Millions。 36. 考查定语从句。句意：全国数百万学生观看了这场60分钟的电视直播活动，这是天宫课堂的第一堂课。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，表示“这个事件是天宫课堂的第一讲”，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 37. 考查连词。句意：这一事件标志着中国太空探索之旅的一个重要里程碑，显示了中国对提高科学素养和培养新一代太空爱好者的承诺。此处表示并列关系，即“促进科学素养”和“培养新一代太空爱好者”是两个并列的目标，所以用and连接。故填and。 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） 38. （23-24高一下·山东济宁·期末）假定你是李华，在上周五的英语课上，你班同学围绕“太空探索的必要性”这一话题展开了讨论。请给你校英文报“Voice”栏目投稿，内容包括： （1）讨论的情况； （2）你的观点。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Exploring Space, Yes or No? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Exploring Space, Yes or No? Last Friday witnessed a heated discussion about whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration in the English class. Opinions vary from person to person. Some are in favor of space exploration, as it is of benefit to many fields concerned, including farming, technology and medicine. However, others argue that the success of space exploration is achieved at the expense of time, money and lives. From my point of view, despite the cost, space exploration has brought us more benefits and solutions, which are far beyond our imagination. Therefore, exploring space should not be a choice but a mission for humans. 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】航空航天 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给学校英文报“Voice”栏目投稿介绍班级关于太空探索的必要性的讨论情况并表明自己的观点。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 不同：vary→differ 有益的：of benefit→beneficial 然而：however→nevertheless 尽管：despite→in spite of 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Therefore, exploring space should not be a choice but a mission for humans. 拓展句：Therefore, I hold the belief that exploring space should not be a choice but a mission for humans. 【点睛】[高分句型1] From my point of view, despite the cost, space exploration has brought us more benefits and solutions, which are far beyond our imagination. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] However, others argue that the success of space exploration is achieved at the expense of time, money and lives. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第二部分 弯道超车 必修第三册 2025高一寒假作业 每天80分钟 （十五） 学习测试版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 Unit 4 Space Exploration Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人 2. procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续 3. cm abbr. (centimetre or centimeter)厘米 4. rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹 5. gravity n. 重力；引力 6. frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区 7. vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆 8. satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 9. orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt. & vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 10. giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人 11. leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi. & vt. (leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped) 跳过；跃过 12. agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 13. transmit vt. & vi. 传输；发送 14. data n. [pl. ]资料；数据 15. spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走的时间 16. jade n. 玉；翡翠；玉器 17. solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 18. solar system太阳系；类太阳系 19. sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 20. soap n. 肥皂 21. microwave n. (also microwave oven)微波炉 22. tissue n. 纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织 23. facility n. 设施；设备 24. fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的 25. high-end adj. 高端的 26. foam n. 泡沫橡胶；泡沫 27. pillow n. 枕头 28. smartphone n. 智能手机 29. closing adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. launch vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市 2. mankind n. 人类 3. signal vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志 4. recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 5. muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力 6. float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流 7. otherwise adv. 否则；要不然 8. beyond prep. 在更远处；超出 9. current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮 10. towel n. 毛巾；抹布 11. keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的 12. shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的 13. pattern n. 模式；图案；模范 14. monitor n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控 15. resource n. 资源；财力；物力 16. oxygen n. 氧；氧气 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. mental adj. 精神的；思想的→mentally adv. 精神上地 2. intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n. 智慧 3. determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt. 查明；确定；决定→determination n. 决心；果断 4. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt. 使失望→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointment n. 失望；沮丧 5. desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望→desirable adj. 值得做的 6. independent adj. 独立的；自立的→independently adv. 独立地；自立地→independence n. 独立；自立→depend vi. 依靠 7. lack vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺→lacking adj. 缺乏的；不足的 8. globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪→global adj. 全球的；全面的 9. argue vt. & vi. 论证；争辩；争论→argument n. 争论；争吵；论点 10. analysis n. (pl. analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v. 分析 11. regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv. 有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj. 无规律的；不定期的 12. limited adj. 有限的→limitless/unlimited adj. 无限的→limit vt. & n. 限制 13. mystery n. 神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj. 神秘的 14. attach vt. 系；绑；贴→attached adj. 附着的；依恋的→attachment n. 附件；附属品；依恋 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. carry on继续做，坚持干 2. on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 3. in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望 4. so as to (do sth)为了；以便 5. figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 6. result in导致；造成 7. as a result所以；结果(是) 8. provide for sb 提供生活所需 9. in closing最后 10. run out用完；耗尽 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. (otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句) 宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。 2. Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve. (主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do. . . ) 把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。 3. Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. (动名词短语作主语) 首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。 4. As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. (现在分词作前置定语) 因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。 晨检得分 _______/_______ · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共12分) 1. procedure n. __________________ 2. sufficient adj. __________________ 3. gravity n. __________________ 4. fatal adj. __________________ 5. vehicle n. __________________ 6. satellite n. __________________ 7. orbit n. __________________ vt. & vi. __________________ 8. high-end adj. __________________ 9. agency n. __________________ 10. leap n. __________________ vi. & vt. __________________ 11. data n. [pl. ]__________________ 12. transmit vi. & vt. __________________ Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. __________________ vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市 2. __________________ vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志 3. __________________ vt. 回收利用；再利用 4. __________________ prep. 在更远处；超出 5. __________________ vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流 6. __________________ adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮 7. __________________ adj. 热衷的；渴望的 8. __________________ n. 模式；图案；模范 9. __________________ n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控 10. __________________ n. 资源；财力；物力 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分) 1. __________________ adj. 精神的；思想的→__________________ adv. 精神上地 2. __________________ adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→__________________ n. 智慧 3. __________________ n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望→__________________ adj. 值得做的 4. __________________ vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺→__________________ adj. 缺乏的；不足的 5. __________________ n. 地球；世界；地球仪→__________________ adj. 全球的；全面的 6. __________________ adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的→__________________ adv. 有规律地；经常；定期地→__________________ adj. 无规律的；不定期的 7. __________________ n. 神秘事物；谜→__________________ adj. 神秘的 Ⅳ. 拔高词汇(每小题2分，共10分) 1. __________________ adj. 习惯于；通常的 2. __________________ vt. 抱有(信念、希望)；怀念；珍爱 3. __________________ adj. 筋疲力尽的；枯竭的 4. __________________ n. (被)捕获；(被)俘获 vt. 俘虏；俘获；捕获 5. whatsoever adv. __________________ Ⅴ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共12分) 1. __________________继续做，坚持干 2. __________________在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 3. __________________为了；以便 4. __________________弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 5. __________________所以；结果(是) 6. __________________最后 · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ. 词形变化填空(每小题2. 5分，共20分) 1. When asked whether he was __________________ to be an astronaut，the boy just looked at me with __________________. (determine) 2. What __________________ me was not the __________________ result of the match. It was your __________________ look that gave me a strong sense of __________________. (disappoint) 3. Most of us are longing to be __________________ from our parents，because our __________________ shows that we’ve grown up but when meeting with difficulties，we’ll have to __________________ on our parents. (depend) 4. A person’s life is __________________ but knowledge is __________________. (limit) 5. An __________________ about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the conference and some people __________________ that we should stop wasting time and money on it. (argue) 6. Unsatisfied with the results of the __________________，the researchers __________________ the data again. (analyze) 7. He is healthy __________________ and physically. That is to say，he has __________________ and physical health. (mental) 8. Many parents __________________ great importance to getting a good education at this school __________________ to Peking University. (attach) Ⅱ. 选词填空(每小题2分，共12分) 1. Only after he failed a second time did he realize that it was his laziness that __________________ his failure. 2. My car broke down on the way to the beach because petrol __________________. 3. We must __________________ till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. 4. Mankind is exploring space __________________ finding out more about the universe. 5. We are anxious to know whether you have __________________ how much the trip will cost altogether. 6. She’d have sufficient money to __________________ her children until she could find a job. Ⅲ. 经典句型仿写(每小题2. 5分，共10分) 1. 工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句) The workers were not better organized，_______________________________________. 2. 你知道来参加聚会的人数吗？(现在分词短语作定语) Do you know the number of people _______________________________________ 3. 我真诚地邀请你和我们一起过春节。你会发现这里的人很友好，他们很容易相处。(主语＋be＋adj. ＋to do. . . ) I sincerely invite you to spend Spring Festival with us. You’ll find people here friendly and _______________________________________. 4. 听录音机是提高你听力技能的好方法。 (动名词短语作主语) _______________________________________ to improve your listening skill. 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与社会之建议买望远镜之前要多了解一些天文知识 说明文 643 适中(0. 65) B 人与社会之日本第一航空公司推出了虚拟航空旅行 说明文 372 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与社会之利用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物 说明文 401 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之香港学生陈曼林参加“带着我的梦想上天宫”的全国性活动，幸运地得到了宇航员陈冬的回信的故事 说明文 556 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与社会之中国天宫空间站宇航员在绕地球飞行期间举办了一场科学讲座 说明文 191 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 投稿 介绍班级关于太空探索的必要性的讨论情况并表明自己的观点 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （22-23高一·全国·期末）If you are ever planning to buy a telescope and want to get yourself involved in astronomy it is always a good idea to know a bit of the sky. Get acquainted with a few constellations(星座) so that it will be easier for you to spot the constellations when you are using your telescope. It’s a good idea to buy a few magazines on astronomy to help you to get familiar with the constellations in the sky and also read a few reviews on the different types of telescopes in the market. This will help you gather all the information about telescopes and what people have to say about them. It’s advisable to go in for a pair of binoculars(双筒望远镜) before you buy your first telescope so that you can get used to spotting constellations before your view of the sky is narrowed down. This will also help you know if you really want to get involved in astronomy. Many people buy a costly telescope and then discover that they’re not actually interested in astronomy. Experience has no substitute, and there certainly is nothing better than using different telescopes before you buy one. This will help you to get the feel of all the types of telescopes and you will know which one is easier for you to use. A large aperture(光圈) refractor(折射) may give you an excellent image but you may not be able to keep a steady hand while using it resulting in an unclear image. There are three types of telescopes that are available in the market. If you want a more elegant looking telescope you can always choose to buy a fine brass telescope. It’s good to become acquainted with each type before going for the plunge of a first telescope. The first type of telescope is the refractor telescope, which uses lenses(镜片) to gather light to a focus at the eye piece. The use of lenses helps the telescope have a superior image. A refracting telescope is not as portable as the other two types of telescopes and so you will have to buy one with a small aperture. The second type of telescope is the Reflector. This telescope functions by focusing the light back at the front of the tube,which is where the eyepiece sits,by using parabolic(抛物线的) mirrors and another smaller mirror to deflect the light. There is no added colour in the image caused by refraction of light since this telescope does not use lenses. These are the cheapest of all telescopes and are more portable than refractors. 1. According to the text,a telescope is intended to be bought for ________. A. getting experience B. watching stars C. studying the climate D. learning about a bit of the sky 2. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A. One must know something about astronomy and telescopes. B. One can’t buy a telescope without buying several astronomy magazines. C. One should check the telescopes in the market and try to find a better one. D. One must be familiar with new information of astronomy and space instruments. 3. Why does the author advise buying a pair of binoculars first? A. The telescope is too expensive. B. The binoculars are easier to use. C. You may gain plenty of experience in astronomy. D. Your view will be narrow by using a pair of binoculars. 4. What do we know about the refracting telescope? A. It looks very elegant. B. It refracts light by an eye piece. C. It has clear images without any lenses. D. It is not convenient to take along for its size. B （22-23高一·全国·期末）Imagine flying from Tokyo to Paris,enjoying first-class travel,a four-course dinner and a city tour—all without leaving the ground. This is the future of air travel according to Japanese company First Airlines,which has used the power of virtual reality to create dream vacations. Passengers avoid the costly airport transfer,the baggage fees or busy airport terminal(航站楼)—and instead enjoy the privileges of business or first-class travel and an expensive tour of Paris—all while remaining motionless in Tokyo. As well as Paris,First Airlines also offers the virtual destinations of New York,Rome and Hawaii. After boarding,guests can settle down for the two-hour flight on their advanced Airbus seat-surrounded by decoration that is modeled on the inside of an aircraft,for maximum realism. There is flight service and VR,foods,music for every destination. Passengers will be served a delicious meal by air stewards,alongside drinks and other desserts. The menu depends on the destination of choice—Manhattan clam chowder(蛤蜊杂烩汤) and cheesecake for New York and salmon and onion soup for Paris. After landing at the destination,guests can enjoy a 360-degree tour of the destination—all thanks to projection(投影) mapping and video. It makes for a supposedly stress-free vacation,perfect for those whose ability to travel abroad is limited by cost or health. Virtual reality is becoming increasingly present everywhere at all times in the world of travel—allowing travellers to appreciate the wonders of the world,all without leaving their houses. At just 4,980 yen($46) for business class and 5,980 yen($56) for first class—these two-hour flights are far more affordable than their real-life flights. 5. What can we learn about the future of air travel from Tokyo to Paris? A. It is high-flying. B. It is money-saving. C. It is power-wasting. D. It is time-consuming. 6. Who is the flight perfect for? A. People who do little physical exercise. B. People who work under great pressure. C. People who desire to travel a long distance. D. People who have health or money troubles. 7. What can be the best title for the text? A. A scientific fantasy B. The power of virtual reality C. Japan’s virtual air travel abroad D. Appreciation of the global wonders 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高一上·北京朝阳·期末）Future astronauts could potentially rely on food made from bacteria (细菌) that feed on minor planets, to produce a kind of yogurt. While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves, the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth. 8 That’s why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario, Canada, decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food. This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets. But Pearce’s team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags. 9 The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder. 10 “We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food,” he says. “It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using, more or less, has a third each for the three major nutrients people need. ” If the idea is sound, a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, could feed between 600 and 17,000 astronauts for a year, says Pearce. 11 A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space. This would take a long time to get everything in place. 12 They plan to start off with coal and then moving to space rocks that have fallen to Earth. A. It would be impossible for more distant, longer-lasting tasks. B. So the researchers hope to test the idea on a lower level in the coming year. C. Future astronauts could soon enjoy a nutritionally perfect diet made from bacteria. D. While that might not sound delicious, Pearce says the bacteria are well-suited for human needs. E. They heated the plastic without oxygen and then fed this to a mixture of bacteria that eat carbon. F. Although there is certainly hope, it is still a very futuristic idea that needs to be thought through. G. The exact number depends on how effectively the bacteria can break down the minor planet’s carbon materials. 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高一上·江西上饶·期中）Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. The 13 of receiving those letters is beyond description. Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was very happy. Her pen pal was orbiting in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. When Chen 14 the national letter-writing activity named “Sending My Dream to Tiangong” to write to the 15 on Tiangong, she wrote a letter the same evening. In her letter, she detailed every moment of her own planned 16 toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development, and what she knew about astronauts and the national aerospace development program. Chen’s 17 to write the letter was more than just an impulse (冲动). Her 18 in space had begun at the age of six 19 she watched the live broadcast from orbit (轨道) of a science lecture. She poured that passion for space into her letter, as well as some of her problems over her studies in life. The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong, 20 about a month later. As one of the 30,000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity, Chen was 21 chosen to receive a reply, the only one in Hong Kong. To encourage the students, Chen Dong recalled 22 he became an astronaut step by step. He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties when studying physics and other 23 necessary to achieve his goals. He hoped that young Hong Kong people could follow 24 dreams and make contributions to the country. The arrival of a letter from space was also a 25 gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. “I’ll do as he 26 in the letter; study harder and 27 to stay healthy. I look forward to contributing to national aerospace development in the future,” said Chen. 13. A. report B. beauty C. message D. kindness 14. A. thought about B. cared about C. talked about D. learned about 15. A. astronauts B. writers C. parents D. teachers 16. A. vacation B. journey C. race D. interview 17. A. purpose B. chance C. decision D. notice 18. A. habit B. style C. story D. interest 19. A. when B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as 20. A. posted B. left C. arrived D. brought 21. A. suddenly B. luckily C. widely D. truly 22. A. when B. where C. why D. how 23. A. abilities B. skills C. subjects D. hobbies 24. A. his B. their C. our D. your 25. A. proper B. possible C. fair D. useful 26. A. ordered B. promised C. prepared D. advised 27. A. find out B. come out C. work out D. look out 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) （24-25高一上·云南大理·期末）阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese astronauts in Tiangong space station hosted a science lecture 28 December 9th, 2021 as they travelled around the Earth. As one of the world’s largest and 29 (advance) spacecraft, Tiangong space provided   30 unique platform for this educational outreach (社区服务). There was a lecture and some inspiring activities on that exciting day. First, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, all members of the Shenzhou VIII mission crew, 31 (greet) students, teachers and so on as the lecture began. They then showed viewers the place where they live and work. The astronauts carried out experiments 32 (show) interesting physical phenomena in space, 33 (explain) the special physical effects that happen in space without gravity. At last, before the end of the live streamed activities, they 34 (happy) answered questions from students. 35 (million) of students across China watched the 60-minute televised (电视转播的) event, 36 was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class. The event marked a significant milestone in China’s space exploration journey, showing the country’s commitment to promoting scientific literacy 37 fostering a new generation of space enthusiasts. 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） 38. （23-24高一下·山东济宁·期末）假定你是李华，在上周五的英语课上，你班同学围绕“太空探索的必要性”这一话题展开了讨论。请给你校英文报“Voice”栏目投稿，内容包括： （1）讨论的情况； （2）你的观点。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Exploring Space, Yes or No? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$