专题10 动词的分类-2025届中考英语语法全面讲解

2025-01-08
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 动词
使用场景 中考复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
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地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2025-01-08
更新时间 2025-01-08
作者 小米夏
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审核时间 2025-01-08
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动词的分类全面精讲 目录 一.动词的分类概述 1 二.实义动词 2 1.及物动词 2 2.不及物动词 2 3.延续性动词和非延续性动词 3 三.系动词 4 1.系动词的分类 4 2.系动词的用法 5 系动词专练 5 四.助动词 5 1.助动词do,does,did 5 2.助动词be 6 3.助动词have,has,had 6 4.助动词shall和will,should和would 7 助动词专项练习 7 五.情态动词 7 1.情态动词的特征 7 2.情态动词的基本用法 8 知识拓展 10 3.情态动词表推测的用法 10 情态动词专项练习 12 动词分类综合训练 13 一.基础训练 13 二. 中考试题训练 13 一.动词的分类概述 类 别 意 义 例 句 实义 动词 含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。 They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。 I’m reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。 连系 动词 起到连系主语和表语的作用,像一纽带,把主语和表语“系”在一起。 His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。 The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。 助动词 本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词(原形)一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。 He is a student. Is he a student? Yes,/No. He plays basketball. Plays he basketball. 助动词 Does he play basketball? Does he plays basketball? He doesn’t speak English. 他不说英语。 We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。 Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟吗? I haven’t seen you for a long time. 我好久没有见到你。 情态 动词 本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。 She can keep the books for two weeks. 这些书你能借两个星期。 May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗? We must go now. 我们现在必须走了。 二.实义动词 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。按其延续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 1.及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 (1)动词+宾语 I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。 (2)动词+宾语+宾补 We call the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟波莉。 I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见这些孩子们在公园玩。 注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。 (3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。 常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read等。 2.不及物动词 不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。如: Horses run fast.马跑得快。 They work in a factory.他们在一家工厂工作。 (1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。 We study English.我们学习英语。(及物) We study hard.我们学习很努力。(不及物) Boys fly kites.男孩们放风筝。(及物) Birds can fly.鸟会飞。(不及物) (2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词,要注意积累。 ①动词+介词 Listen to me carefully.仔细听我讲。 此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。 ②动词+副词 He turned off the light when he left.他离开时把灯关了。 He picked it up and gave it to me.他把它捡起来,并给了我。 注意:代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前,当宾语是名词时,放在副词前后均可。 ③动词+副词+介词 Let’s go on with the work.咱们继续这项工作吧。 注意:宾语只能放在介词之后。 ④动词+名词+介词 He takes pride in doing his job well.他以做好自己的工作而自豪。 Please pay attention to the phrases in the article.请注意文章中的短语。 We can make good use of air.我们可以充分利用空气。 注意:这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语,宾语只能放在介词之后。 ⑤be+形容词+介词 We are proud of being Chinese.我们都为是中国人而感到骄傲。 She was satisfied with what I said.她对我说的话感到满意。 3.延续性动词和非延续性动词 (1)延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如live,stay,study,work,keep,teach等,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 We have lived in China since 2001.自从2001年以来,我们一直住在中国。 You can keep the book for two weeks.你可以借用这本书两周。 (2)非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一经发生便立即结束,如 buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。如: He has been here for five days.他已经到这儿五天了。(这里不能用has arrived here) The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已经开始十分钟了。(这里不能用has begun) 三.系动词 1.系动词的分类 系动词有一定的词义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。 (1)表示状态的系动词 常见的有be(是),stay(保持),keep(保持),remain(保持不变),lie(保持……状态),stand(处于某种状态)。 The general cannot find a happy person and the king remains unhappy forever. 将军找不到一个快乐的人,国王就永远不开心。 Eating right to stay healthy.要饮食恰当以保持健康。 (2)表示感官、表象的系动词 常见的有look(看起来),feel(感觉,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),seem(看起来好像,似乎),appear(显得,看起来)。 That sounds good.那听起来好极了。 The food tasted better than it looked.这食物吃起来味道比看上去要好。 (3)表示转变和结果的系动词 常见的有become(变成),grow(变得),turn(变得),fall(变成),get(变得),go(变得)。 His face always turned red when he talked to girls.跟女孩谈话时他的脸总是变红。 The young should then look after their parents as they get older.父母老了之后,晚辈应该照顾他们。 (4)系动词也可跟不定式to do/to be 常见的有appear,seem,remain和prove等。 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.去国外旅行对这对老夫妇当然有好处,但他们是否喜欢还有待于观察。 On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.在漫长的旅途中,彼得证明了自己是一位很有趣的导游。我们都过得很愉快。 2.系动词的用法 (1)系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时中,但是表示变化的系动词(如get,become,grow,turn和go)等可用于进行时态,表示逐渐变化的过程。 Spring is coming, and the days are getting longer and longer.春天来了,天变得越来越长了。 (2)在一般情况下,系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。如: Be careful when you cross this very busy street.If not,you may get run over by a car.当你穿过这条繁忙的街道时要小心,否则你就可能被车撞到。 (3)常见的能跟名词作表语的系动词有be,become,appear,seem,prove,remain和turn等。如: The population growth in China remains a problem.中国的人口增长还是个问题。 系动词专练 1.Mr.Wang   (似乎)very angry.   2.This kind of cloth   (摸起来)very soft.  3.Now my dream   (实现了)true.  4.You must   (保持)healthy.   5.Her face   (变得)red.   四.助动词 1.助动词do,does,did (1)构成一般疑问句 Does she inform you when they will hold a meeting?她通知你他们什么时候开会了吗? Do you want a single or a return ticket?你要单程票还是往返票? (2)do,does,did+not构成否定句 Although he ran up against many difficulties, he did not lose heart.虽然他碰到了许多困难,但他并不气馁。 We do not know the value of health till we lose it.我们直到失去健康才知道它的可贵。 (3)构成否定祈使句。注意只用do,不用does或did Do not keep asking me!别老是问我! Do not touch the exhibits.请勿触摸展品。 (4)放在动词前,加强语气 I do remember the story.我的确记得这个故事。 I did go there.我确实去那儿了。 (5)用于倒装句 Never did he break his promise.他从不食言。 Only when he read the newspaper did he know the story.他看了报纸后才知道那则故事。 (6)用来代替动词(短语) —Do you like singing?你喜欢唱歌吗? —Yes, I do.是的,喜欢。(do代替like singing) He comes from Norway,doesn’t he?他是从挪威来的,对吗?(does代替come from) 2.助动词be (1)be+现在分词,构成进行时。 One day while he was teaching, he suddenly fell onto his desk.那天他正在讲着课,突然扑倒在讲台上。 We are listening to a report.我们正在听一场报告。 (2)be+过去分词,构成被动语态。 The cup fell and was broken into pieces.茶杯掉了,摔成了碎片。 The boy was given an apple.有人给了那个男孩一个苹果。 3.助动词have,has,had (1)have(has)+过去分词,构成现在完成时态。 How much have you borrowed from him?你向他借了多少钱? He has read many books on the subject.他看过许多关于这一主题的书。 (2)have/has+been+现在分词,构成现在完成进行时。 I have been reading Mark Twain’s works this week.本周我一直在读马克·吐温的作品。 (3)had+过去分词,构成过去完成时。 The teacher had just left the room when the boy started to make noise.老师刚离开教室那个男孩便开始吵闹起来。 (4)have/has/had+been+过去分词,构成完成时的被动语态。 They have been beaten by an outstanding team.他们已被一支优秀的球队击败。 The problem had been solved by the end of last month.问题在上月末解决了。 4.助动词shall和will,should和would (1)shall/will+动词原形,表示一般将来时。shall用于第一人称,will用于各种人称。 When I see her, I shall give her your message.我见到她就把你的口信带给她。 We shall have a sports meeting next month.我们下个月要开运动会。 He will come here next week.他将在下周来访。 (2)助动词should和would should/would+动词原形,表示过去将来时。should用于第一人称,would用于各种人称。如: I telephoned my mother to ask what I should do the next day.我打电话给妈妈问她我第二天做什么。 I wanted to ask how I should send out the invites.我想来请教应该怎样发出邀请。 We wanted to know when he would finish the article.我们想知道他什么时候写完这篇文章。 助动词专项练习 1.学生们正在上课。The students   .  2.许多国家都讲英语。English    in many countries.   3.自从他出生以来,他一直住在北京。He   in Beijing since he was born.  4.孩子们,务必安静点!Do    ,children!   5.今晚将有一场足球比赛。There   this evening.   6.杰克总是把房间保持得干净、整洁。Jack always   .  7.我可以问你个问题吗?May I   ?  8.孩子们正在放风筝。The children   .  9.他一生致力于教孩子们英语。He   teaching the children English.  五.情态动词 1.情态动词的特征 (1)有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词连用,构成谓语。 (2)一般无人称和数的变化(have to例外:用于第三人称单数时用has to)。 (3)后接动词原形。 (4)具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简略答语。如: —Can you sing an English song?——你会唱英文歌吗?—Yes,I can.——会,我会唱。 2.情态动词的基本用法 1.can,could的用法 (1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。 Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗? (2)表示怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句和疑问句中。 Li Hua can’t be in the classroom.李华不可能在教室里。 (3)表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may。如: You can go now.你现在可以走了。 (4)could是can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力。 I could play the piano when I was seven years old.我七岁时就会弹钢琴。 2.may,might的用法 (1)表示推测,意为“可能,也许”,用于肯定句中。might比may语气更委婉。如: He may come tomorrow.明天他可能会来。 (2)表示请求、许可,意为“可以”。如: May I borrow your book?我可以借用你的书吗? may表示请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,其否定回答用mustn􀆳t,不用may not,意为“不可以,不允许,禁止”。如: —May I go now?——我现在可以走了吗? —No,you mustn’t.——不,不可以。 (3)may置于句首,表示祝愿。 May you have a happy life!祝你生活幸福! 3.must的用法 (1)表示“必须、应该”。 (2)否定句中,mustn’t表示禁止,意为“不允许”。must引导的疑问句,肯定回答应用must,而否定回答则常用needn’t,needn’t表示“不需要、不必”,相当于don’t have to。如: —Must I finish the project today?——我必须今天完成这个项目吗? —No,you needn’t.——不,你不必。 (3)must和have to must和have to意思均为“必须”,常可互换使用。但have to是用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”;must用于表示主观看法,意为“必须,应该”。如: It’s late and I have to go now.时间不早了,我现在必须走了。 We must work hard at school.在学校我们必须努力学习。 4.need的用法 need后加to do说明need为实义动词,用助动词提问或引起否定;need后加doing表被动意义;若need后加do,则need为情态动词,用need提问,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。如: You needn’t come to school so early.你不必这么早来学校。(此处need是情态动词) You don’t need to come to school so early.你不必这么早来学校。(此处need是实义动词) The desk needs repairing.这张桌子需要修理。(此处need是实义动词) —Must I hand in my homework now?——我现在必须上交家庭作业吗? —No,you needn’t.——不,你不必。 5.dare的用法 dare表示“敢,有胆量”,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,其否定形式为dare not,疑问句形式是把dare直接提至主语前。如: You dare not arouse my displeasure.你不敢惹我不高兴。 How dare you say that?你竟敢那样说? 6.used to的用法 used to表示“过去常常,过去是”,没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式为usedn’t to或didn’t use to,其疑问句形式是将used提到主语前或用Did...use to?如: I used to go to work by underground when I was in London.我在伦敦时,通常乘地铁上班。 I didn’t use to like opera, but now I’m getting interested.我过去不喜欢歌剧,但是现在慢慢感兴趣了。 Did you use to live in Shanghai?你以前住在上海吗? 7.had better的用法 “had better+动词原形”表示最好做某事,否定用had better not。如: You’d better stay at home.你最好待在家里。 8.shall(should),will(would)的用法 (1)shall用于第一人称表示征求意见、询问。 Shall I open the window?我打开窗户好吗? Shall we have lunch here?我们在这儿吃午饭好吗? (2)should常用来表示义务、责任。如: We should obey traffic rules.我们应该遵守交通规则。 (3)will用于表示询问、请求,也可以表达现在的“意愿”。如: Will you pass me the book?把那本书递给我好吗? We will do anything for you.我们会为你做任何事情。 (4)would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。 Would you tell me the way to the station?你能告诉我去车站的路吗? 知识拓展    1.will还可表示规律性的“注定会”。如: You will fail if you don’t work hard.你不努力注定要失败。 Man will die without air.没有空气,人无法生存。 2.need还可以作实义动词,意为“需要”,有人称和数的变化,后接名词、动名词(表示被动)或带to的不定式。如: This shoe needs repairing.这只鞋需要修补。 —Do you need to see him today?——你今天需要见他吗? —Yes, I need to.——是的,我需要。 —No, I don’t need to.——不,不必。 3.dare用作实义动词,后接动词不定式,其否定句、疑问句的构成同其他动词一样,借助于助动词do。在一般情况下,dare后可接带to的或不带to的动词不定式,在daren’t后只能接不带to的不定式(此时,daren’t可视为情态动词)。如: He does not dare to jump from the top of the wall.他不敢从墙上跳下来。 My younger sister dare not go out alone.我的妹妹不敢自己出去。 3.情态动词表推测的用法   情态动词除了各自有自己的词义外,还可以表示推测和责备等意义。在初中阶段,我们主要接触的是表推测的用法。 表示推测时,肯定句一般用must,may/might,would,should;否定句用can/could not,may/might not;疑问句用can/could。 初中阶段主要学习“对现在状态的推测”。 He must be at home.他一定在家。 He may be at home.他可能在家。 He would be at home.他大概在家。 He should be at home.他应当在家。 He must/may know you.他一定/可能认识你。 He can’t be at home.他一定不在家。 He may not be at home.他可能不在家。 Can he be at home?他会在家吗? 易混易错 1.can和may表示可能性时的区别 (1)在肯定句中用may表示可能。如: You had better ask the policeman.He may know.你最好问警察,他可能知道。 (2)在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用cannot(can’t);若语气不肯定,表示“可能不”时用may not。如: Mr. Li can’t be in.He has gone to Beijing for a holiday.李老师不可能在家,他去北京度假了。 2.can与be able to的区别 (1)be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力,而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如: She can sing the song in English.她能用英语唱这首歌。 He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too.几分钟后,他也能用英语唱这首歌。 (2)be able to强调一种结果,而can只强调一种可能。如: Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end.幸运的是,他最终逃出了大火。 If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him.要是他早来到这儿几小时,我还能救他。 (3)be able to可以有各种时态;而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。如: I could help you last night, but you didn’t come.昨晚我能帮你,但你没来。 Can you see it there?你能看见它在那儿吗? He is/was/will be able to help you.他能帮你的忙。 (4)can可用于表示可能性、推测、允许等情况,而be able to通常不这样用。 3.may be和maybe的区别 may be中的may为情态动词,be为动词原形。而maybe是副词,意思是“大概,也许”,常放在句首,作状语。如: He may be wrong, but I’m not sure.也许他错了,但我也不确定。 Maybe she’ll come this afternoon.她可能今天下午来。 情态动词专项练习 一、填空题 1.But unless he can hide his tail, he    (can) turn himself into a man.  2.—Can I go swimming, Mom? —Certainly. But you   (一定)be back by four.  3.—Jack,    (会)you ride a bike?  —Yes,I can. 4.—Mom,must I go shopping with you? —No,you    (不必).You can watch the film Big Hero 6 with your friends.  5.Please don’t make so much noise. I     (不能)hear the speaker very well.  6.Reading a large number of books    (能)make us wiser.The more we read,the more we know.  7.—Doctor Wang,I’m feeling much better. Must I go on taking the medicine? —No,you    (不必).You’ll get well soon.  8.—You    (禁止)park here! Look at the sign.It says “No parking”.  —Sorry,I didn’t notice that sign just now. 9.The girl in the classroom   (不可能)be Sarah. She has gone to the library.   10.—What’s the matter with Tom?He has been absent for two days. —Oh!He    (可能)be ill.Let’s go and ask Ms Brown.  11.The girl riding a horse there    (不可能)be Shirley.Her left leg was badly hurt in an accident yesterday.  动词分类综合训练 一.基础训练 choose practise seem warn be prefer can sell look clean 1.According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people ________ their teeth with some tree branches. 2.There was a boy sitting in the corner of the room and he ________ sad. 3.He has to study in a junior school near his home. 4.Mr. Li his students not to play computer games too much. It's harmful to their study. 5.This book on places of interest in Henan well in this bookshop. 6.Mr. Lin makes his students __________ speaking English for 20 minutes every day. 7.My aunt said she play the piano when she was only six. 8.There is going to a football match this Sunday. 9.We must stop and both ways before we cross the road. 10.Susan ________ to wear clothes which are made of cotton. She thinks they are comfortable. 2. 中考试题训练 真题训练 1.(2024·广西·中考真题)—What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen? —It ________ really good. I’d like to drink more. A.tastes B.feels C.sounds 2.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—I wonder if these are Jane’s glasses. —They ________hers. She doesn’t wear glasses. A.are B.might be C.must be D.can’t be 3.(2024·海南·中考真题)—________ I go out with my friend now, Dad? —I’m afraid you have to finish your homework first. A.Can B.Should C.Must 4.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—In order to keep healthy, we ________ have breakfast. —You’re right. Breakfast is very important for our health. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.must 5.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—Must I use pink to paint my bedroom? —No, you ________. You can use any colour you like, A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t 6.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)— ________ you show me how to play the violin, Suzy? — No problem. A.Can B.Should C.Must D.Need 7.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Must I come before 6:00 tomorrow morning? —No, you ________. The meeting will begin at 8:00. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 8.(2024·西藏·中考真题)You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, or it’s bad for you. A.can B.could C.shouldn’t D.would 9.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)With the help of modern technology, now people ________ enjoy the proudest moment when China’s first astronaut Yang Liwei entered space. A.may B.can C.should D.must 10.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Although the little boy is only 6 years old, he _______ do DIY well with his special mind. A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t 11.(2024·北京·中考真题)— Bill, ________ I use your ruler? — Of course you can. Here you are. A.can B.must C.need D.should 12.(2024·江苏常州·中考真题)When you make a fresh salad, you ______ add your favorite fruit if you would like to. A.may B.should C.must D.have to 13.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Whose volleyball is this? —It ________ be Lucy’s. She loves volleyball. A.can’t B.must C.mustn’t 14.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)Lili ________ be at home. She has gone to the farm to pick apples. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.must D.can 15.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)Shh… ! This is a library. You ________ keep your voice down. A.can B.can’t C.should D.shouldn’t 16.(2024·四川乐山·中考真题)—People ________ wear helmets (头盔) when they ride e-bikes according to the traffic rules. —Yes. Or they will be punished. A.must B.can C.may 17.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)—Must I answer this question in English? —No, you ________. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t 18.(2024·四川雅安·中考真题)—Is that your friend Laura over there? —No, it ____________ be Laura. She has gone to Shenzhen. A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t 19.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)—Jane, I saw your brother yesterday. —It ________ be him. My brother is studying in Shenzhen. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t 20.(2024·天津·中考真题)It _________ be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices. A.may not B.mustn’t C.need D.should 21.(2024·河北·中考真题)—Look! Is that girl Alice? —No, it ________ be her. She is on a tour in Beijing now. A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t 22.(2024·云南·中考真题)—Whose dictionary is this? —It ________ be Sarah’s. Look! Her name is on it. A.must   B.need C.mustn’t   D.needn’t 23.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)—You ________ be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs. —Yes. I’ll take a deep rest and make myself comfortable. A.may B.may not C.must D.can’t 24.(2024·四川凉山·中考真题)—Ruby, when did your father go out? —I’m not sure, but he ______ go too far. His tea is still hot. A.can’t B.must C.might 25.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Tina, is that our math teacher Mr. Wang? —It ________ be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Beijing. A.must B.mustn’t C.can’t D.can 26.(2024·江苏连云港·中考真题)Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems _________ be cured. A.can B.must C.should D.need 27.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)—Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday? —Not yet. I ______ volunteer at the old people’s home. A.may B.must C.should D.would 28.(2024·四川成都·中考真题)Having an ice-cream in the hot summer ________ be cool. A.must B.need C.can’t 模拟试题 一.选择题 1.(2024·广西南宁·三模)You should take this medicine according to the instructions, even if it ________ bad. A.sounds B.tastes C.feels 2.(2024·广西南宁·三模)—I want to take a look at that red dress. —Good choice! It is beautiful and it ________ soft. A.feels B.tastes C.smells 3.(2024·黑龙江·三模)“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ________ prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping. A.are B.is C.were 4.(2024·广西·二模)—What do you think of the song “Juvenile (少年)”? —It ______ lively. I like listening to it. A.sounds B.tastes C.looks 5.(2024·广西柳州·三模)My sister likes the silk dress very much. It ________ very soft. A.sounds B.feels C.tastes 6.(2024·江苏南京·三模)Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school. A.is B.are C.have D.were 7.(2024·河北唐山·二模)My English ________ really poor before my teacher helped me. A.is B.was C.has been D.will be 8.(2024·广西柳州·模拟预测)The dish smells delicious, but it ________ a little salty. A.looks B.tastes C.feels 二、完成句子 1.(2024·广东广州·二模)随着中国文化的国际传播和全球交流的增加,越来越多的外国人对这一古老的艺术形式感兴趣。 With the increase of international communication and global exchange of Chinese culture, more and more foreigners this ancient art form. 2.(2024·贵州黔东南·二模)能歌善舞的苗族人民大部分居住在贵州。 The Miao people talented in singing and dancing mostly live in Guizhou Province. 3.(2024·贵州毕节·模拟预测)不要害羞,在课堂上大胆提问。 Don’t and ask questions bravely in class. 4.(2024·贵州黔东南·二模)我上了初中才习惯每天早上跑步。 I get used to running every morning I entered junior high school. 5.(2024·重庆渝中·三模)China sent the Shenzhou-18 up successfully on April 25th. (对划线部分提问) China send the Shenzhou-18 up successfully? 6.(2024·重庆江津·三模)My mother goes to work by bike every day. (对画线部分提问) your mother go to work every day? 7.(2024·四川达州·二模)He hurt himself when playing football yesterday. (改为否定句) He himself when playing football yesterday. 8.(2024·重庆沙坪坝·一模)Mary worries about her success in the exam.(改为否定句) Mary about her success in the exam. 9.(2024·重庆渝中·二模)Mark has to exercise for two hours every day.(改为否定句) Mark to exercise for two hours every day. 10.(2024·甘肃武威·三模)Why was the bigger knife used? (改为主动语态) Why people the bigger knife? 11.(2024·重庆永川·一模)Mary goes to school by subway. (对划线部分提问) Mary go to school? 12.(2024·甘肃陇南·二模)Tom hurt himself by accident. (改为一般疑问句) Tom himself by accident? 13.(2024·上海金山·二模)You need to explain your opinions quite clearly when having a debate.(划线部分提问) you need to explain your opinions when having a debate? 14.(2024·上海闵行·二模)Wendy and her family had a great time in Tianshui, Gansu province. (改为一般疑问句) Wendy and her family a great time in Tianshui, Gansu province? 15.(2024·上海奉贤·二模)The old man described his experience in his own words. (对划线部分提问) the old man describe his experience? 16.(2024·上海浦东新·二模)He stayed up late last night so that he could finish the task in time. (对划线部分提问) he stay up late last night? 17.(2024·江苏扬州·一模)那个女孩花了多少时间把那本小说翻译成了法语?(句子翻译) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 动词的分类全面精讲 目录 一.动词的分类概述 1 二.实义动词 2 1.及物动词 2 2.不及物动词 2 3.延续性动词和非延续性动词 3 三.系动词 4 1.系动词的分类 4 2.系动词的用法 5 系动词专练 5 四.助动词 5 1.助动词do,does,did 5 2.助动词be 6 3.助动词have,has,had 6 4.助动词shall和will,should和would 7 助动词专项练习 7 五.情态动词 7 1.情态动词的特征 7 2.情态动词的基本用法 8 知识拓展 10 3.情态动词表推测的用法 10 情态动词专项练习 12 动词分类综合训练 13 一.基础训练 13 二. 中考试题训练 13 一.动词的分类概述 类 别 意 义 例 句 实义 动词 含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。 They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。 I’m reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。 连系 动词 起到连系主语和表语的作用,像一纽带,把主语和表语“系”在一起。 His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。 The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。 助动词 本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词(原形)一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。 He is a student. Is he a student? Yes,/No. He plays basketball. Plays he basketball. 助动词 Does he play basketball? Does he plays basketball? He doesn’t speak English. 他不说英语。 We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。 Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟吗? I haven’t seen you for a long time. 我好久没有见到你。 情态 动词 本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。 She can keep the books for two weeks. 这些书你能借两个星期。 May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗? We must go now. 我们现在必须走了。 二.实义动词 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。按其延续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 1.及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 (1)动词+宾语 I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。 (2)动词+宾语+宾补 We call the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟波莉。 I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见这些孩子们在公园玩。 注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。 (3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。 常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read等。 2.不及物动词 不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。如: Horses run fast.马跑得快。 They work in a factory.他们在一家工厂工作。 (1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。 We study English.我们学习英语。(及物) We study hard.我们学习很努力。(不及物) Boys fly kites.男孩们放风筝。(及物) Birds can fly.鸟会飞。(不及物) (2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词,要注意积累。 ①动词+介词 Listen to me carefully.仔细听我讲。 此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。 ②动词+副词 He turned off the light when he left.他离开时把灯关了。 He picked it up and gave it to me.他把它捡起来,并给了我。 注意:代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前,当宾语是名词时,放在副词前后均可。 ③动词+副词+介词 Let’s go on with the work.咱们继续这项工作吧。 注意:宾语只能放在介词之后。 ④动词+名词+介词 He takes pride in doing his job well.他以做好自己的工作而自豪。 Please pay attention to the phrases in the article.请注意文章中的短语。 We can make good use of air.我们可以充分利用空气。 注意:这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语,宾语只能放在介词之后。 ⑤be+形容词+介词 We are proud of being Chinese.我们都为是中国人而感到骄傲。 She was satisfied with what I said.她对我说的话感到满意。 3.延续性动词和非延续性动词 (1)延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如live,stay,study,work,keep,teach等,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 We have lived in China since 2001.自从2001年以来,我们一直住在中国。 You can keep the book for two weeks.你可以借用这本书两周。 (2)非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一经发生便立即结束,如 buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。如: He has been here for five days.他已经到这儿五天了。(这里不能用has arrived here) The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已经开始十分钟了。(这里不能用has begun) 三.系动词 1.系动词的分类 系动词有一定的词义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。 (1)表示状态的系动词 常见的有be(是),stay(保持),keep(保持),remain(保持不变),lie(保持……状态),stand(处于某种状态)。 The general cannot find a happy person and the king remains unhappy forever. 将军找不到一个快乐的人,国王就永远不开心。 Eating right to stay healthy.要饮食恰当以保持健康。 (2)表示感官、表象的系动词 常见的有look(看起来),feel(感觉,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),seem(看起来好像,似乎),appear(显得,看起来)。 That sounds good.那听起来好极了。 The food tasted better than it looked.这食物吃起来味道比看上去要好。 (3)表示转变和结果的系动词 常见的有become(变成),grow(变得),turn(变得),fall(变成),get(变得),go(变得)。 His face always turned red when he talked to girls.跟女孩谈话时他的脸总是变红。 The young should then look after their parents as they get older.父母老了之后,晚辈应该照顾他们。 (4)系动词也可跟不定式to do/to be 常见的有appear,seem,remain和prove等。 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.去国外旅行对这对老夫妇当然有好处,但他们是否喜欢还有待于观察。 On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.在漫长的旅途中,彼得证明了自己是一位很有趣的导游。我们都过得很愉快。 2.系动词的用法 (1)系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时中,但是表示变化的系动词(如get,become,grow,turn和go)等可用于进行时态,表示逐渐变化的过程。 Spring is coming, and the days are getting longer and longer.春天来了,天变得越来越长了。 (2)在一般情况下,系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。如: Be careful when you cross this very busy street.If not,you may get run over by a car.当你穿过这条繁忙的街道时要小心,否则你就可能被车撞到。 (3)常见的能跟名词作表语的系动词有be,become,appear,seem,prove,remain和turn等。如: The population growth in China remains a problem.中国的人口增长还是个问题。 系动词专练 1.Mr.Wang seems (似乎)very angry.   2.This kind of cloth feels (摸起来)very soft.  3.Now my dream has come (实现了)true.  4.You must keep (保持)healthy.   5.Her face turned (变得)red.   四.助动词 1.助动词do,does,did (1)构成一般疑问句 Does she inform you when they will hold a meeting?她通知你他们什么时候开会了吗? Do you want a single or a return ticket?你要单程票还是往返票? (2)do,does,did+not构成否定句 Although he ran up against many difficulties, he did not lose heart.虽然他碰到了许多困难,但他并不气馁。 We do not know the value of health till we lose it.我们直到失去健康才知道它的可贵。 (3)构成否定祈使句。注意只用do,不用does或did Do not keep asking me!别老是问我! Do not touch the exhibits.请勿触摸展品。 (4)放在动词前,加强语气 I do remember the story.我的确记得这个故事。 I did go there.我确实去那儿了。 (5)用于倒装句 Never did he break his promise.他从不食言。 Only when he read the newspaper did he know the story.他看了报纸后才知道那则故事。 (6)用来代替动词(短语) —Do you like singing?你喜欢唱歌吗? —Yes, I do.是的,喜欢。(do代替like singing) He comes from Norway,doesn’t he?他是从挪威来的,对吗?(does代替come from) 2.助动词be (1)be+现在分词,构成进行时。 One day while he was teaching, he suddenly fell onto his desk.那天他正在讲着课,突然扑倒在讲台上。 We are listening to a report.我们正在听一场报告。 (2)be+过去分词,构成被动语态。 The cup fell and was broken into pieces.茶杯掉了,摔成了碎片。 The boy was given an apple.有人给了那个男孩一个苹果。 3.助动词have,has,had (1)have(has)+过去分词,构成现在完成时态。 How much have you borrowed from him?你向他借了多少钱? He has read many books on the subject.他看过许多关于这一主题的书。 (2)have/has+been+现在分词,构成现在完成进行时。 I have been reading Mark Twain’s works this week.本周我一直在读马克·吐温的作品。 (3)had+过去分词,构成过去完成时。 The teacher had just left the room when the boy started to make noise.老师刚离开教室那个男孩便开始吵闹起来。 (4)have/has/had+been+过去分词,构成完成时的被动语态。 They have been beaten by an outstanding team.他们已被一支优秀的球队击败。 The problem had been solved by the end of last month.问题在上月末解决了。 4.助动词shall和will,should和would (1)shall/will+动词原形,表示一般将来时。shall用于第一人称,will用于各种人称。 When I see her, I shall give her your message.我见到她就把你的口信带给她。 We shall have a sports meeting next month.我们下个月要开运动会。 He will come here next week.他将在下周来访。 (2)助动词should和would should/would+动词原形,表示过去将来时。should用于第一人称,would用于各种人称。如: I telephoned my mother to ask what I should do the next day.我打电话给妈妈问她我第二天做什么。 I wanted to ask how I should send out the invites.我想来请教应该怎样发出邀请。 We wanted to know when he would finish the article.我们想知道他什么时候写完这篇文章。 助动词专项练习 1.学生们正在上课。The students are having a class .  2.许多国家都讲英语。English  is spoken in many countries.   3.自从他出生以来,他一直住在北京。He has lived in Beijing since he was born.  4.孩子们,务必安静点!Do  be quiet ,children!   5.今晚将有一场足球比赛。There will be a football match this evening.   6.杰克总是把房间保持得干净、整洁。Jack always keeps his room clean and tidy .  7.我可以问你个问题吗?May I ask you a question ?  8.孩子们正在放风筝。The children are flying kites .  9.他一生致力于教孩子们英语。He devoted his lifetime to teaching the children English.  五.情态动词 1.情态动词的特征 (1)有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词连用,构成谓语。 (2)一般无人称和数的变化(have to例外:用于第三人称单数时用has to)。 (3)后接动词原形。 (4)具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简略答语。如: —Can you sing an English song?——你会唱英文歌吗?—Yes,I can.——会,我会唱。 2.情态动词的基本用法 1.can,could的用法 (1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。 Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗? (2)表示怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句和疑问句中。 Li Hua can’t be in the classroom.李华不可能在教室里。 (3)表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may。如: You can go now.你现在可以走了。 (4)could是can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力。 I could play the piano when I was seven years old.我七岁时就会弹钢琴。 2.may,might的用法 (1)表示推测,意为“可能,也许”,用于肯定句中。might比may语气更委婉。如: He may come tomorrow.明天他可能会来。 (2)表示请求、许可,意为“可以”。如: May I borrow your book?我可以借用你的书吗? may表示请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,其否定回答用mustn􀆳t,不用may not,意为“不可以,不允许,禁止”。如: —May I go now?——我现在可以走了吗? —No,you mustn’t.——不,不可以。 (3)may置于句首,表示祝愿。 May you have a happy life!祝你生活幸福! 3.must的用法 (1)表示“必须、应该”。 (2)否定句中,mustn’t表示禁止,意为“不允许”。must引导的疑问句,肯定回答应用must,而否定回答则常用needn’t,needn’t表示“不需要、不必”,相当于don’t have to。如: —Must I finish the project today?——我必须今天完成这个项目吗? —No,you needn’t.——不,你不必。 (3)must和have to must和have to意思均为“必须”,常可互换使用。但have to是用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”;must用于表示主观看法,意为“必须,应该”。如: It’s late and I have to go now.时间不早了,我现在必须走了。 We must work hard at school.在学校我们必须努力学习。 4.need的用法 need后加to do说明need为实义动词,用助动词提问或引起否定;need后加doing表被动意义;若need后加do,则need为情态动词,用need提问,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。如: You needn’t come to school so early.你不必这么早来学校。(此处need是情态动词) You don’t need to come to school so early.你不必这么早来学校。(此处need是实义动词) The desk needs repairing.这张桌子需要修理。(此处need是实义动词) —Must I hand in my homework now?——我现在必须上交家庭作业吗? —No,you needn’t.——不,你不必。 5.dare的用法 dare表示“敢,有胆量”,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,其否定形式为dare not,疑问句形式是把dare直接提至主语前。如: You dare not arouse my displeasure.你不敢惹我不高兴。 How dare you say that?你竟敢那样说? 6.used to的用法 used to表示“过去常常,过去是”,没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式为usedn’t to或didn’t use to,其疑问句形式是将used提到主语前或用Did...use to?如: I used to go to work by underground when I was in London.我在伦敦时,通常乘地铁上班。 I didn’t use to like opera, but now I’m getting interested.我过去不喜欢歌剧,但是现在慢慢感兴趣了。 Did you use to live in Shanghai?你以前住在上海吗? 7.had better的用法 “had better+动词原形”表示最好做某事,否定用had better not。如: You’d better stay at home.你最好待在家里。 8.shall(should),will(would)的用法 (1)shall用于第一人称表示征求意见、询问。 Shall I open the window?我打开窗户好吗? Shall we have lunch here?我们在这儿吃午饭好吗? (2)should常用来表示义务、责任。如: We should obey traffic rules.我们应该遵守交通规则。 (3)will用于表示询问、请求,也可以表达现在的“意愿”。如: Will you pass me the book?把那本书递给我好吗? We will do anything for you.我们会为你做任何事情。 (4)would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。 Would you tell me the way to the station?你能告诉我去车站的路吗? 知识拓展    1.will还可表示规律性的“注定会”。如: You will fail if you don’t work hard.你不努力注定要失败。 Man will die without air.没有空气,人无法生存。 2.need还可以作实义动词,意为“需要”,有人称和数的变化,后接名词、动名词(表示被动)或带to的不定式。如: This shoe needs repairing.这只鞋需要修补。 —Do you need to see him today?——你今天需要见他吗? —Yes, I need to.——是的,我需要。 —No, I don’t need to.——不,不必。 3.dare用作实义动词,后接动词不定式,其否定句、疑问句的构成同其他动词一样,借助于助动词do。在一般情况下,dare后可接带to的或不带to的动词不定式,在daren’t后只能接不带to的不定式(此时,daren’t可视为情态动词)。如: He does not dare to jump from the top of the wall.他不敢从墙上跳下来。 My younger sister dare not go out alone.我的妹妹不敢自己出去。 3.情态动词表推测的用法   情态动词除了各自有自己的词义外,还可以表示推测和责备等意义。在初中阶段,我们主要接触的是表推测的用法。 表示推测时,肯定句一般用must,may/might,would,should;否定句用can/could not,may/might not;疑问句用can/could。 初中阶段主要学习“对现在状态的推测”。 He must be at home.他一定在家。 He may be at home.他可能在家。 He would be at home.他大概在家。 He should be at home.他应当在家。 He must/may know you.他一定/可能认识你。 He can’t be at home.他一定不在家。 He may not be at home.他可能不在家。 Can he be at home?他会在家吗? 易混易错 1.can和may表示可能性时的区别 (1)在肯定句中用may表示可能。如: You had better ask the policeman.He may know.你最好问警察,他可能知道。 (2)在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用cannot(can’t);若语气不肯定,表示“可能不”时用may not。如: Mr. Li can’t be in.He has gone to Beijing for a holiday.李老师不可能在家,他去北京度假了。 2.can与be able to的区别 (1)be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力,而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如: She can sing the song in English.她能用英语唱这首歌。 He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too.几分钟后,他也能用英语唱这首歌。 (2)be able to强调一种结果,而can只强调一种可能。如: Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end.幸运的是,他最终逃出了大火。 If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him.要是他早来到这儿几小时,我还能救他。 (3)be able to可以有各种时态;而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。如: I could help you last night, but you didn’t come.昨晚我能帮你,但你没来。 Can you see it there?你能看见它在那儿吗? He is/was/will be able to help you.他能帮你的忙。 (4)can可用于表示可能性、推测、允许等情况,而be able to通常不这样用。 3.may be和maybe的区别 may be中的may为情态动词,be为动词原形。而maybe是副词,意思是“大概,也许”,常放在句首,作状语。如: He may be wrong, but I’m not sure.也许他错了,但我也不确定。 Maybe she’ll come this afternoon.她可能今天下午来。 情态动词专项练习 一、填空题 1.But unless he can hide his tail, he    (can) turn himself into a man.  答案 can’t/cannot 根据语境可知除非他能藏起尾巴,否则他不能把自己变成人。故正确答案是can’t/cannot。 2.—Can I go swimming, Mom? —Certainly. But you   (一定)be back by four.  答案 must 句意:——我能去游泳吗,妈妈?——当然可以。但是你必须四点前回来。本题考查情态动词。must必须。 3.—Jack,    (会)you ride a bike?  —Yes,I can. 答案 can 本题考查情态动词。根据答语“是的,我会(骑自行车)”可知填can。 4.—Mom,must I go shopping with you? —No,you    (不必).You can watch the film Big Hero 6 with your friends.  答案 needn’t 句意:——妈妈,我必须和你一起去购物吗?——不,你不必。你可以和你的朋友们一起看电影《超能陆战队》。本题考查情态动词的用法。以must开头的疑问句的否定回答应用needn’t。 5.Please don’t make so much noise. I     (不能)hear the speaker very well.  答案 can’t 句意:请不要制造那么多噪音,我听不清楚讲话人说的话。本题考查情态动词。Can’t 不能。 6.Reading a large number of books    (能)make us wiser.The more we read,the more we know.  答案 can 句意:阅读大量的书籍会使我们更聪明,我们读书越多,我们知道得就越多。本题考查情态动词用法。can意为“能,会”。 7.—Doctor Wang,I’m feeling much better. Must I go on taking the medicine? —No,you    (不必).You’ll get well soon.  答案 needn’t 句意:——王医生,我感觉好多了。我必须继续吃药吗?——不,没必要。你马上就好了。情态动词must 引导的一般疑问句,其否定回答一般用needn’t(没必要)。 8.—You    (禁止)park here! Look at the sign.It says “No parking”.  —Sorry,I didn’t notice that sign just now. 答案 mustn’t 句意:——你不可以在这里停车!看这个标牌,上面写着“禁止停车”。——对不起,我刚才没看见这个标牌。本题考查情态动词。根据题干中的Look at the sign.It says“No parking”.可知,此处禁止停车。 9.The girl in the classroom   (不可能)be Sarah. She has gone to the library.   答案 can’t 句意:在教室里的那个女孩不可能是Sarah。她已经去图书馆了。本题考查情态动词。情态动词表推测:can’t 不可能。 10.—What’s the matter with Tom?He has been absent for two days. —Oh!He    (可能)be ill.Let’s go and ask Ms Brown.  答案 may 句意:——Tom怎么了?他已经两天没来了。——噢!他可能病了,让我们去问问布朗女士吧。本题考查情态动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处表示推测,故使用may。 11.The girl riding a horse there    (不可能)be Shirley.Her left leg was badly hurt in an accident yesterday.  答案 can’t 句意:在那边骑马的女孩不可能是雪莉。昨天她的左腿在一次事故中严重受伤。考查情态动词表推测。Can’t不可能;此处表示非常有把握的否定推测。 动词分类综合训练 一.基础训练 choose practise seem warn be prefer can sell look clean 1.According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people ________ their teeth with some tree branches. 2.There was a boy sitting in the corner of the room and he ________ sad. 3.He has to study in a junior school near his home. 4.Mr. Li his students not to play computer games too much. It's harmful to their study. 5.This book on places of interest in Henan well in this bookshop. 6.Mr. Lin makes his students __________ speaking English for 20 minutes every day. 7.My aunt said she play the piano when she was only six. 8.There is going to a football match this Sunday. 9.We must stop and both ways before we cross the road. 10.Susan ________ to wear clothes which are made of cotton. She thinks they are comfortable. [答案]1.cleaned2.seemed3.chosen4.warns5.sells6.practise7.could8.be9.look10.prefers 2. 中考试题训练 真题训练 1.(2024·广西·中考真题)—What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen? —It ________ really good. I’d like to drink more. A.tastes B.feels C.sounds 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——海伦,你觉得鸡汤怎么样?——味道真的很好。我想多喝点。 考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来;feels感觉;sounds听起来。根据“It ... really good. I’d like to drink more.”可知,鸡汤尝起来味道很好,故选A。 2.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—I wonder if these are Jane’s glasses. —They ________hers. She doesn’t wear glasses. A.are B.might be C.must be D.can’t be 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我想知道这是不是Jane的眼镜。——它们不可能是她的。她不戴眼镜。 考查情态动词表推测。are是;might be可能是;must be一定是;can’t be不可能是。根据“She doesn’t wear glasses.”可知,此处表示眼镜不可能是她的,否定推测用can’t be。故选D。 3.(2024·海南·中考真题)—________ I go out with my friend now, Dad? —I’m afraid you have to finish your homework first. A.Can B.Should C.Must 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我现在可以和我的朋友出去了吗,爸爸?——恐怕你得先完成作业。 考查动词辨析。Can可以;Should应该;Must必须。根据“I go out with my friend now, Dad?”可知,此处表示请求许可,需用can表示“可以”。故选A。 4.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—In order to keep healthy, we ________ have breakfast. —You’re right. Breakfast is very important for our health. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.must 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——为了保持健康,我们必须吃早餐。——你是对的。早餐对我们的健康很重要。 考查动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;must必须。根据“In order to keep healthy, we...have breakfast.”可知,早餐对我们的健康很重要,所以我们必须吃早餐。故选C。 5.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—Must I use pink to paint my bedroom? —No, you ________. You can use any colour you like, A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我必须用粉红色来粉刷我的卧室吗?——不,你不用。你可以用任何你喜欢的颜色。 考查情态动词。can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必。根据“Must I...”可知其否定回答用needn’t。故选D。 6.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)— ________ you show me how to play the violin, Suzy? — No problem. A.Can B.Should C.Must D.Need 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——苏西,你能教我怎么拉小提琴吗?——没问题。 考查情景交际。can能,可以;should应该;must必须;need需要。根据“you show me how to play the violin”可知此处是请求许可,can符合语境。故选A。 7.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Must I come before 6:00 tomorrow morning? —No, you ________. The meeting will begin at 8:00. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我明天早上必须在6点之前来吗?——不,你不必。会议将在8点开始。 考查动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。对于must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答,用needn’t或don’t have to。故选B。 8.(2024·西藏·中考真题)You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, or it’s bad for you. A.can B.could C.shouldn’t D.would 【答案】C 【详解】句意:你不应该在睡觉前吃太多的食物,否则对你的身体不好。 考查情态动词辨析。can 可以;could可以;shouldn’t不应该;would将会。根据“or it’s bad for you”可知,此处建议睡觉前不要吃太多的食物,故选C。 9.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)With the help of modern technology, now people ________ enjoy the proudest moment when China’s first astronaut Yang Liwei entered space. A.may B.can C.should D.must 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在现代科技的帮助下,现在人们可以享受中国第一位宇航员杨利伟进入太空的最自豪的时刻。 考查情态动词辨析。may可能;can能够,可以;should应该;must必须。根据“With the help of modern technology, now people … enjoy the proudest moment when China’s first astronaut Yang Liwei entered space.”可知,人们可以享受中国第一位宇航员杨利伟进入太空的最自豪的时刻,故选B。 10.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Although the little boy is only 6 years old, he _______ do DIY well with his special mind. A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:虽然这个小男孩只有6岁,但他可以用他特殊的头脑做DIY做得很好。 考查情态动词辨析。can可以;can’t不可能;must必须;mustn’t禁止。根据“do DIY well”可知,此处强调能力,能够做DIY,故选A。 11.(2024·北京·中考真题)— Bill, ________ I use your ruler? — Of course you can. Here you are. A.can B.must C.need D.should 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——Bill,我可以用你的尺子吗?——当然可以。给你。 考查情态动词辨析。can可以;must必须;need需要;should应该。根据答语中的“Of course you can.”可知,此处表示“请求使用对方的东西”,can表“请求允许”,符合句意。故选A。 12.(2024·江苏常州·中考真题)When you make a fresh salad, you ______ add your favorite fruit if you would like to. A.may B.should C.must D.have to 【答案】A 【详解】句意:当你做新鲜的沙拉时,如果你想,你可以添加你最喜欢的水果。 考查情态动词辨析。may可以;should应该;must必须;have to不得不。根据“When you make a fresh salad, you ... add your favorite fruit if you would like to.”可知,做沙拉时,你可以添加你最喜欢的水果。故选A。 13.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Whose volleyball is this? —It ________ be Lucy’s. She loves volleyball. A.can’t B.must C.mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——这是谁的排球?——一定是露西的。她爱排球。 考查情态动词。can’t不是;must一定;mustn’t禁止。根据“She loves volleyball.”可知此处指肯定推测,用must。故选B。 14.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)Lili ________ be at home. She has gone to the farm to pick apples. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.must D.can 【答案】B 【详解】句意:莉莉不可能在家。她去农场摘苹果了。 考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能;must必须;can可以。根据“She has gone to the farm to pick apples.”可知她去农场摘苹果了,所以她不可能在家,表示否定推测用can’t。故选B。 15.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)Shh… ! This is a library. You ________ keep your voice down. A.can B.can’t C.should D.shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意:嘘……!这里是图书馆。你应该小点声。 考查情态动词辨析和should表示建议。can能;can’t不能;should应该;shouldn’t不应该。根据“This is a library. You...keep your voice down.”可知,此处是建议小点声,故选C。 16.(2024·四川乐山·中考真题)—People ________ wear helmets (头盔) when they ride e-bikes according to the traffic rules. —Yes. Or they will be punished. A.must B.can C.may 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——根据交通规则,人们骑电动自行车时必须戴头盔。——是的。否则他们将受到惩罚。 考查动词辨析。must必须;can可以;may也许。根据“People ... wear helmets (头盔) when they ride e-bikes according to the traffic rules.”可知,戴头盔是交通规则,必须遵守,故选A。 17.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)—Must I answer this question in English? —No, you ________. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我必须用英语回答这个问题吗?——不,你不必。 考查情态动词及一般疑问句。mustn’t表禁止;needn’t不必;can’t不能。上文是情态动词must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答是:No, 主语+needn’t/don’t have to。故选B。 18.(2024·四川雅安·中考真题)—Is that your friend Laura over there? —No, it ____________ be Laura. She has gone to Shenzhen. A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——那边是你的朋友劳拉吗?——不,不可能是她。她去深圳了。 考查情态动词。must一定;mustn’t表禁止;can能够;can’t不可能。根据“She has gone to Shenzhen.”可知,劳拉去深圳了,所以那个人一定不是她。此处表否定推测,用can’t。故选D。 19.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)—Jane, I saw your brother yesterday. —It ________ be him. My brother is studying in Shenzhen. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——简,我昨天看到你哥哥了。——不可能是他。我哥哥在深圳读书。 考查动词辨析和can表推测。根据“It ... be him. My brother is studying in Shenzhen.”可知,哥哥在深圳读书,所以不可能看到他,故选A。 20.(2024·天津·中考真题)It _________ be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices. A.may not B.mustn’t C.need D.should 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这可能不是解决问题的唯一方法。还有其他选择。 考查情态动词。may not可能不;mustn’t表禁止;need需要;should应该。根据“There are other choices.”可知,还有其他解决问题的方式,故此处指这可能不是解决问题的唯一方法,应用may not。故选A。 21.(2024·河北·中考真题)—Look! Is that girl Alice? —No, it ________ be her. She is on a tour in Beijing now. A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——看!那个女孩是爱丽丝吗?——不,一定不是她。她现在在北京旅行。 考查情态动词。can能够;can’t不可能;must一定;mustn’t表禁止。根据“She is on a tour in Beijing now”可知,爱丽丝正在北京旅行,所以那个女孩一定不是她,此处表否定推测,用can’t。故选B。 22.(2024·云南·中考真题)—Whose dictionary is this? —It ________ be Sarah’s. Look! Her name is on it. A.must   B.need C.mustn’t   D.needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——这是谁的字典?——它一定是Sarah的。看!她的名字在它上面。 考查情态动词辨析。must一定;need需要;mustn’t 禁止;needn’t不必。根据“Look! Her name is on it.”可知,此处表示十分肯定的推测,应填must,故选A。 23.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)—You ________ be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs. —Yes. I’ll take a deep rest and make myself comfortable. A.may B.may not C.must D.can’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你做完那些艰苦的工作后一定很累了。——是的。我要好好休息一下,让自己舒服点。 考查动词辨析。may也许;may not也许不;must一定;can’t不可能。根据“You ... be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs.”可知,此处表示非常肯定的推测,故选C。 24.(2024·四川凉山·中考真题)—Ruby, when did your father go out? —I’m not sure, but he ______ go too far. His tea is still hot. A.can’t B.must C.might 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——鲁比,你爸爸什么时候出去的?——我不确定,但他不可能走得太远。他的茶还热着。 考查情态动词。can’t不可能;must一定;might可能。根据“His tea is still hot.”可知,茶还是热的,说明他不可能走太远,表否定推测,用can’t。故选A。 25.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Tina, is that our math teacher Mr. Wang? —It ________ be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Beijing. A.must B.mustn’t C.can’t D.can 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——蒂娜,那是我们的数学老师王老师吗?——一定不是王老师。他去北京了。 考查情态动词。must一定;mustn’t表禁止;can’t不可能;can可以,能够。根据“He has gone to Beijing.”可知,王老师去北京了,所以那不可能是他,此处表否定推测,应用can’t。故选C。 26.(2024·江苏连云港·中考真题)Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems _________ be cured. A.can B.must C.should D.need 【答案】A 【详解】句意:现代医学发展迅速,现在大多数眼部问题都可以治愈。 考查情态动词。can能够;must必须;should应该;need需要。根据“most eye problems…be cured”可知,此处指眼部问题能够被治愈,强调能够、能力,应用can。故选A。 27.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)—Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday? —Not yet. I ______ volunteer at the old people’s home. A.may B.must C.should D.would 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——Rebecca,你决定这个星期六做什么了吗?——还没有。我可能会在敬老院做志愿者。 考查情态动词辨析。may可能;must一定;should应该;would将。根据“Not yet”及“volunteer at the old people’s home”可知,还没有做决定,在敬老院做志愿者只是一种可能性,故选A。 28.(2024·四川成都·中考真题)Having an ice-cream in the hot summer ________ be cool. A.must B.need C.can’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:在炎热的夏天吃冰淇淋一定很凉爽。 考查情态动词。must一定;need需要;can’t不可能。根据“Having an ice-cream in the hot summer…be cool.”可知,在炎热的夏天吃冰淇淋一定是凉爽的,此处表肯定推测,应用must。故选A。 模拟试题 一.选择题 1.(2024·广西南宁·三模)You should take this medicine according to the instructions, even if it ________ bad. A.sounds B.tastes C.feels 【答案】B 【详解】句意:即使这药味道不好,你也应该按照说明服用。 考查动词辨析。sounds听起来;tastes尝起来;feels感觉。根据上文“You should take this medicine according to the instructions,”可知,此处是指即使药的味道尝起来不好,也要按照说明吃。故选B。 2.(2024·广西南宁·三模)—I want to take a look at that red dress. —Good choice! It is beautiful and it ________ soft. A.feels B.tastes C.smells 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我想看看那件红裙子。——不错的选择!它很漂亮,摸起来很柔软。 考查系动词辨析。feels摸起来;tastes尝起来;smells闻起来。根据“It is beautiful and it…soft”可知,是一种触觉感受,摸起来很柔软。故选A。 3.(2024·黑龙江·三模)“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ________ prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping. A.are B.is C.were 【答案】A 【详解】句意:习主席说:“一个国家只有在人民繁荣的时候才是真正的繁荣”。 考查主谓一致。根据“A country is truly prosperous”可知,时态为一般现在时;主语“its people”表示复数,be动词应用are。故选A。 4.(2024·广西·二模)—What do you think of the song “Juvenile (少年)”? —It ______ lively. I like listening to it. A.sounds B.tastes C.looks 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你认为“少年”这首歌曲怎么样? ——听起来很生动。我喜欢听它。 考查动词辨析。sounds听起来;tastes尝起来;looks看起来。根据“What do you think of the song”和回答“I like listenig to it.”可知,这首歌听起来很生动。故选A。 5.(2024·广西柳州·三模)My sister likes the silk dress very much. It ________ very soft. A.sounds B.feels C.tastes 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我姐姐很喜欢这条真丝连衣裙。摸起来很柔软。 考查感官动词辨析。sound听起来;feel摸起来; taste尝起来。根据“My sister likes the silk dress very much. It …very soft.”可知真丝连衣裙摸起来很软。故选B。 6.(2024·江苏南京·三模)Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school. A.is B.are C.have D.were 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们学校每学期有一次家长会和读书日。 考查主谓一致。is用于一般现在时,修饰名词单数形式;are用于一般现在时,修饰名词复数形式;have有,用于一般现在时;were用于一般过去时,修饰名词复数形式。分析题干,该句为“there be”句型,应遵循“就近原则”,即be动词的形式由离它最近的名词来确定,“a parents’ meeting一次家长会”为名词单数形式,be动词应用is。故选A。 7.(2024·河北唐山·二模)My English ________ really poor before my teacher helped me. A.is B.was C.has been D.will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在老师帮助我之前,我的英语真的很差。 考查动词时态。结合“helped”可知时态为一般过去时,动词应用过去式。故选B。 8.(2024·广西柳州·模拟预测)The dish smells delicious, but it ________ a little salty. A.looks B.tastes C.feels 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这道菜闻起来很香,但尝起来有点咸。 考查动词辨析。looks看起来;tastes尝起来;feels感觉起来。根据“a little salty”可知,应该是“品尝起来”有点咸,应用tastes,故选B。 二、完成句子 1.(2024·广东广州·二模)随着中国文化的国际传播和全球交流的增加,越来越多的外国人对这一古老的艺术形式感兴趣。 With the increase of international communication and global exchange of Chinese culture, more and more foreigners this ancient art form. 【答案】 are interested in 【详解】结合中英文提示可知,此处缺少“对……感兴趣”,英语表达为be interested in,主语是复数名词,be动词用are,故填are;interested;in。 2.(2024·贵州黔东南·二模)能歌善舞的苗族人民大部分居住在贵州。 The Miao people talented in singing and dancing mostly live in Guizhou Province. 【答案】who are/that are 【详解】分析句子结构可知,空处所在句为定语从句,先行词为指人的“The Miao people”,关系词代替先行词在从句中充当主语,应用who/that引导定语从句;be talented in…“在……方面有天赋”,固定词组;时态为一般现在时,主语为“The Miao people”,所以此处应用be动词are。故填who are/that are。 3.(2024·贵州毕节·模拟预测)不要害羞,在课堂上大胆提问。 Don’t and ask questions bravely in class. 【答案】 be shy 【详解】根据还有提示可知,空处缺少“害羞”。shy“害羞的”。句子为祈使句,Don’t后用动词原形be,shy“害羞的”。故填be;shy。 4.(2024·贵州黔东南·二模)我上了初中才习惯每天早上跑步。 I get used to running every morning I entered junior high school. 【答案】 didn’t until 【详解】对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“直到……才……”;not…until…“直到……才……”,句子时态为一般过去时,此处应用助动词did。故填didn’t;until。 5.(2024·重庆渝中·三模)China sent the Shenzhou-18 up successfully on April 25th. (对划线部分提问) China send the Shenzhou-18 up successfully? 【答案】 When did 【详解】句意:4月25日,中国成功发射了神舟十八号。划线部分是时间,疑问词用when,根据“sent”可知变疑问句时借助助动词did。故填When;did。 6.(2024·重庆江津·三模)My mother goes to work by bike every day. (对画线部分提问) your mother go to work every day? 【答案】 How does 【详解】by bike“骑自行车”表示交通方式,提问用特殊疑问词how,置于句首,首字母大写;原句谓语动词是goes,疑问词中主语your mother是三单,在主语前添加助动词does。故填How;does。 7.(2024·四川达州·二模)He hurt himself when playing football yesterday. (改为否定句) He himself when playing football yesterday. 【答案】 didn’t hurt 【详解】句意:他昨天踢足球时受伤了。根据“ yesterday ”可知,时态为一般过去时,hurt是实义动词,改为否定句需用助动词didn’t,后面接动词原形hurt。故填didn’t;hurt。 8.(2024·重庆沙坪坝·一模)Mary worries about her success in the exam.(改为否定句) Mary about her success in the exam. 【答案】 doesn’t worry 【详解】句意:玛丽担心考试能否成功。原句是一般现在时且带有实义动词,主语Mary是第三人称单数,改为否定句需借助助动词doesn’t,后接动词原形worry。故填doesn’t;worry。 9.(2024·重庆渝中·二模)Mark has to exercise for two hours every day.(改为否定句) Mark to exercise for two hours every day. 【答案】 doesn’t have 【详解】句意:马克每天要锻炼两个小时。根据“has”可知句子是一般现在时,变否定句借助助动词doesn’t,后加动词原形have。故填doesn’t;have。 10.(2024·甘肃武威·三模)Why was the bigger knife used? (改为主动语态) Why people the bigger knife? 【答案】 did use 【详解】句意:为什么要用更大的刀?原句时态为一般过去时,use为实义动词,此处应借助助动词did;主语后接动词原形use。故填did;use。 11.(2024·重庆永川·一模)Mary goes to school by subway. (对划线部分提问) Mary go to school? 【答案】 How does 【详解】句意:玛丽乘地铁去上学。划线部分是上学方式,应用how提问。其后加一般疑问句,原句谓语动词是goes,对应的助动词是does。故填How;does。 12.(2024·甘肃陇南·二模)Tom hurt himself by accident. (改为一般疑问句) Tom himself by accident? 【答案】 Did hurt 【详解】句意:他意外伤到了他自己。原句时态为一般过去时,hurt为实义动词,改为一般疑问句时,需借助助动词did,位于句首,首字母大写,主语后接动词原形hurt。故填Did;hurt。 13.(2024·上海金山·二模)You need to explain your opinions quite clearly when having a debate.(划线部分提问) you need to explain your opinions when having a debate? 【答案】 How do 【详解】句意:在辩论时,你需要清楚地解释你的观点。划线部分表示方式,用how提问,原句是一般现在时,主语是you,助动词用do。故填How;do。 14.(2024·上海闵行·二模)Wendy and her family had a great time in Tianshui, Gansu province. (改为一般疑问句) Wendy and her family a great time in Tianshui, Gansu province? 【答案】 Did have 【详解】句意:温蒂和她的家人在甘肃天水玩得很开心。该句时态为一般过去时,改为一般疑问句时,应用助动词did引导,句首首字母大写,后接had的动词原形have。故填Did;have。 15.(2024·上海奉贤·二模)The old man described his experience in his own words. (对划线部分提问) the old man describe his experience? 【答案】How did 【详解】句意:老人用自己的话描述了他的经历。划线部分是方式,疑问词用how,根据“described”可知句子用一般过去时,变疑问句借助助动词did。故填How did。 16.(2024·上海浦东新·二模)He stayed up late last night so that he could finish the task in time. (对划线部分提问) he stay up late last night? 【答案】Why did 【详解】句意:昨晚为了能及时完成任务他熬夜了。划线部分是目的状语,对其提问应是询问为什么熬夜,用疑问词“why”,又根据“last night”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,所以助动词用did,句首首字母大写。故填Why did。 17.(2024·江苏扬州·一模)那个女孩花了多少时间把那本小说翻译成了法语?(句子翻译) 【答案】How long did it take the girl to translate the novel into French? 【详解】句子时态为一般过去时;多少时间“how long”,引导特殊疑问句,句首首字母大写;it took sb. time to do sb.“做某事花费某人时间”,固定句式,谓语为实义动词,所以此处应用助动词did,位于it前,took应用动词原形;那个女孩“the girl”,作宾语;把……翻译成“translate…into”,固定词组,此处应用动词原形;那本小说“the novel”;法语“French”。故填How long did it take the girl to translate the novel into French? 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题10 动词的分类-2025届中考英语语法全面讲解
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专题10 动词的分类-2025届中考英语语法全面讲解
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专题10 动词的分类-2025届中考英语语法全面讲解
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