八上综合检测过关卷（外研版）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

八年级上册综合过关检测 英语 （考试时间：90分钟，试卷满分：100分） 一．单项填空（共 10 小题;每小题 1分, 满分 10分） 1．George worked as a computer engineer before. The ________ helped him a lot when he started his own computer shop. A．event B．information C．relationship D．experience 【答案】D 【详解】句意：乔治以前是一名计算机工程师。当他开了自己的电脑店时，这段经历对他帮助很大。 考查名词辨析。event事件；information信息；relationship关系；experience经历。根据“George worked as a computer engineer before. The...helped him a lot when he started his own computer shop.”可知是他做计算机工程师的经历对他帮助很大。故选D。 2．—Which is your favorite, singing, dancing or drawing? —Dancing. I think it’s ________ of all. A．the most enjoyable B．more enjoyable C．enjoyable D．most enjoyable 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢唱歌、跳舞还是画画？ ——跳舞。我认为这是最令人愉快的。 考查形容词最高级。根据“singing, dancing or drawing”以及“of all”可知，此处是询问在唱歌、跳舞、画画三者中最喜欢的，应用形容词最高级，且应加定冠词。故选A。 3．—Remember to take your schoolbag when you ________ the bus. —Sure, Mom. A．get off B．look through C．care about D．come on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——下公共汽车时记得带上书包。——好的，妈妈。 考查动词短语辨析。get off下车；look through浏览；care about关心；come on加油。根据“Remember to take your schoolbag”可知，此处表示从公共汽车上下来的时候，应选择“get off”。故选A。 4．The girl sings ________ and all of us like listening to her songs. A．beautifully B．luckily C．quickly D．hardly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个女孩唱歌唱得很好听，我们都喜欢听她的歌。 考查副词词义辨析。beautifully美丽地，优美地；luckily幸运地；quickly快速地；hardly几乎不。根据“all of us like listening to her songs”可知，女孩唱歌唱得好听。故选A。 5．—What do you think of the lecture of Li Yang’s Crazy English? —I think it’s ________ , but someone thinks it’s much too ________. A． creative enough; bored B．enough creative; boring C．creative enough; boring D．enough creative; bored 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得李阳的疯狂英语讲座怎么样？——我觉得它足够有创意，但有人觉得它太无聊了。 考查enough的用法和形容词辨析。bored感到无聊的，指人的感受；boring无聊的，指物或事令人感到无聊。enough修饰形容词或副词时应后置，第一个空填creative enough，排除BD选项；第二空修饰lecture讲座，应用boring。故选C。 6．I won’t ________ his gifts ________ he let me know the reason. A．accept; until B．accept; when C．refuse; after D．refuse; as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：除非他告诉我原因，否则我不会接受他的礼物。 考查动词辨析和连词辨析。accept接受；refuse拒绝；until直到；when当……时；after在……以后；as随着。根据“I won’… his gifts…he let me know the reason.”可知，此处应使用“直到……才”的结构，即“not…until”。refuse表示“拒绝”，不符合句意，因此排除C和D选项。而when与语境不符。故选A。 7．—Susan, I’d like to order something to drink. What would you like, coffee or cola? —________. Milk is OK. A．Both B．None C．Either D．Neither 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——苏珊，我想点些喝的。你想要什么，咖啡还是可乐？——都不要。牛奶就可以。 考查代词辨析。both两者都；none没有一个，范围为三者或三者以上；either两者中的任意一个；neither两者都不。根据“What would you like, coffee or cola”及“Milk is OK”可知，咖啡和可乐这两种都不要，故选D。 8．—Jim, could you please answer the question? —Sorry, I ________. Could you say it again? A．don’t listen B．wasn’t listening C．am not listening D．won’t listen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——吉姆，你能回答这个问题吗？   ——对不起，我没在听。你能再说一遍吗？ 考查时态。根据“Sorry”和“Could you say it again”可知刚才说话的时候Jim没有在听，描述过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选B。 9．People are ________ more and more land, so a lot of animals will have fewer and fewer places to live. A．taking away B．taking out C．taking off D．taking down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：人们拿走了越来越多的土地，因此，许多动物的栖息地将越来越少。 考查动词短语。taking away剥夺，占用；taking out取出；taking off脱掉；taking down记下。根据“so a lot of animals will have fewer and fewer places to live.”可知，人们占用了越来越多的土地，所以动物的栖息地将越来越少。故选A。 10．—I want to know if it ________ tomorrow. —Don’t worry. If it ________, we will stay at home. A．will rain; rains B．rains; rains C．rains; will rain D．will rain; will rain 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我想知道明天是否会下雨。  ——不要担心。如果下雨，我们将待在家里。 考查动词时态。分析题干可知，第一句if 引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，根据tomorrow可知，句子应该用一般将来时，故填will rain；第二句if引导条件状语从句，应遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时。从句中主语为it，应用rain的三人称单数形式。故选A。 二．完形填空（共20小题; 每小题1分, 满分20分） 阅读下列短文, 从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项. A The 75-year-old Joe lived very happily in a village and had a big warm family. His children 　11　 and moved to different cities. Now he has four grandchildren, and they usually visit him during their holidays.   During one 　12　, Joe was preparing his home for the kids: cleaning the house and cooking their favorite foods. After he finished working, he realized his watch was 　13　. The watch was from his 　14　 and he treasured it very much, so he was very upset. He looked for it but could not find it 　15　.   When his grandchildren came, they promised him they would find the watch which was given by their grandma. One granddaughter asked:“Grandpa, do you remember when you saw it the 　16　 time?”  “I guess when I was cleaning the 　17　!” he replied.   The children looked for more than two hours with Joe, but they couldn't find it. The kids were now also sad, but they tried to comfort their grandpa. One grandson went back to the garden to look again. He was there for about 15 minutes and rushed back with a(an) 　18　 look on his face.   Then everyone was very surprised to see the watch in his hand. They asked how he was able to find it. The little boy replied: “I sat there without making a noise. After a few minutes, I heard the ‘tick, tick' sound and found the watch.” Joe hugged and 　19　 the little boy.   This is the power of 　20　. If we stay calm(冷静的), we are more about to find the ways of solving problems.   11. A.gave up B.looked up C.grew up D.got up 12. A.summer B.vacation C.winter D.weekday 13. A.dirty B.broken C.wet D.missing 14. A.wife B.children C.granddaughter D.grandson 15. A.somewhere B.anywhere C.here D.there 16. A.last B.next C.second D.first 17. A.kitchen B.bedroom C.yard D.garden 18. A.tired B.surprised C.excited D.bored 19. A.warned B.thanked C.punished D.kicked 20. A.silence B.courage C.discovery D.doubt 答案 语篇解读　本文叙述了一个独居老人丢了妻子送给他的手表,他的一个孙子通过一种巧妙的方法帮他在花园找回来的故事。主题语境属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“做人与做事”这一主题群,涉及子主题内容“生活与学习中的困难,问题和解决方式”。 11.C　由下文中moved to different cities可知,他的孩子们长大了,搬去了别的城市。故选C。 12.B　由下文的Joe was preparing his home for the kids可知,孙辈们要来了;由上文中they usually visit him during their holidays可知,孙辈们通常在假期来。由此可知,这是在假期。故选B。 13.D　由本段最后一句的He looked for it but could not find it可知,手表丢了。故选D。 14.A　由下一段中they promised him they would find the watch which was given by their grandma可知,Joe丢的手表是妻子给他的。故选A。 15.B　根据语境可知,此处说的是到处都找不到。anywhere表示任何地方。故选B。 16.A　因为在找手表,所以此处问的是最后一次看见它是什么时候。故选A。 17.D　由下文的“One grandson went back to the garden to look again.”可知,此处指手表是在打扫花园时丢的。故选D。 18.C　由下文内容可知,他找到了手表,故脸上带着兴奋的表情。故选C。 19.B　小男孩找到了Joe视若珍宝的手表,由此可知,Joe抱着他并感谢他。故选B。 20.A　由上文小男孩通过安静下来找到手表和下文“If we stay calm,we are more about to find the ways of solving problems.”可知,此处是总结性的哲理句子,表示这就是沉默的力量。故选A。 B Electric vehicles(电动车辆) have been around for more than a hundred years. But they have really been liked by a large number of people 　21　 the past ten years. More than ten million electric cars are sold worldwide in 2022.  Helping the Environment Most cars run on petrol(汽油). Burning petrol and other fossil fuels(化石燃料) produces greenhouse gases(气体). Electric vehicles don't burn petrol. 　22　, strong batteries(电池) run their electric engines(引擎). So, electric vehicles 　23　 produce greenhouse gases.  Poop Power Electric vehicles are better for the environment. But they are not perfect. Their batteries often use electricity 　24　 was made by burning fossil fuels. But an electric vehicle uses 　25　 energy than a vehicle that runs on petrol. Besides, some of the electricity comes from “greener” sources(来源), 　26　 wind power. And some may soon come from a new source—cow poop(牛粪)! An electric car company has worked together with a large farm. They plan to make 　27　 from cow poop.  Always Improving One of the problems with electric vehicles is their limited range(有限的范围). It is 　28　 they can travel before their batteries need another charge(充电). But now their range is improving. Some new electric vehicles can travel almost three times 　29　 as older ones did. Another problem is finding a place to recharge the batteries. But the number of charging stations 　30　 also going up. In Sweden, engineers have even designed(设计) a road that will charge electric vehicles as they drive along.  21. A.to B.since C.at D.in 22. A.Although B.So C.Instead D.Also 23. A.hardly B.often C.usually D.always 24. A.when B.that C.where D.what 25. A.more B.fewer C.less D.worse 26. A.such as B.more than C.close to D.full of 27. A.food B.electricity C.money D.trouble 28. A.how far B.how much C.how`often D.how`many 29. A.father B.far C.so far D.as far 30. A.was B.am C.is D.are 答案 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了电动汽车的优势与不足。 21.D　根据the past ten years可知,此处表示“在过去的十年里”,应用介词in,故选D。 22.C　根据前一句“Electric vehicles don't burn petrol.”可知,电动汽车不燃烧汽油,后面说它们的引擎靠电池带动,空处应用副词修饰整个句子,由语境可知,此处应用Instead引出相反的事实,故选C。 23.A　根据前文可知,电动车辆不燃烧汽油,所以几乎不会产生温室气体。hardly意为“几乎不”。故选A。 24.B　空处引导定语从句,先行词是electricity,关系词在从句中作主语,应该用that或which,故选B。 25.C　前一句说电动车辆的弊端,即电力来源是燃烧化石燃料,本句开头But表转折,说明此句是介绍其优点,由此可推测,此处表示它比汽油车耗能更少,energy为不可数名词,应该用less修饰。故选C。 26.A　前面说一些电来自“更环保”的能源,后面提到wind power,说明此处是举例,such as意为“例如”,故选A。 27.B　根据前面的“some may soon come from a new source—cow poop”可知,用牛粪可以发电,由此可推断此处表示用牛粪发电。故选B。 28.A　根据前面“One of the problems with electric vehicles is their limited range.” 可知,电动汽车的问题之一是续航里程有限,再根据空后的“they can travel before their batteries need another charge”可知,这个有限的范围指在电池需要重新充电之前能够行驶的距离。故选A。 29.D　根据前句“But now their range is improving.” 可知,现在这个行驶范围增加了。由此可推断,新电动汽车能够行驶的距离是老电动汽车的三倍远,three times as far as表示“……的三倍远”,故选D。 30.C　此处表示充电站的数量也正在增加,应该用现在进行时,主语the number of charging stations为单数,故选C。 三．补全对话（共5小题; 每小题1分, 满分5分） 从下面选项中，选择正确的句子填空。其中有两项为多余选项。 A: Hello, Jim. 31 B: Oh, yes. I like it very much. A: Well. 32 B: Twice a week. A: Who do you play basketball with? B: I play it with my good friends. A: 33 B: For about an hour. A: 34 B: On Wednesday and Friday afternoon. A: Do you like watching basketball games? B: Yes, very much. A: Tomorrow is Sunday. Would you like to go and watch a basketball game with me? B: 35 But I have to do my homework. A．No, I wouldn’t. B．How often do you play basketball? C．Yes, I’d love to. D．When do you usually play basketball? E．Do you like playing basketball? F．You’re welcome. G．How many hours do you play basketball every time. 【答案】31．E 32．B 33．G 34．D 35．C 【导语】本文主要是A和B围绕篮球运动而展开讨论的一则对话。 31．根据“Oh, yes. I like it very much.”可知，空处为一般疑问句。选项E“你喜欢打篮球吗？”与之相符。故选E。 32．根据“Twice a week.”可知，空处会询问多久去打一次篮球。选项B“你多久打一次篮球？”与之相符。故选B。 33．根据“For about an hour.”可知，空处会询问打篮球的时间长度。选项G“你每次打篮球多少小时？”与之相符。故选G。 34．根据“On Wednesday and Friday afternoon.”可知，空处会询问打篮球具体的时间。选项D“你通常什么时候打篮球？”与之相符。故选D。 35．根据“Would you like to go and watch a basketball game with me?”可知，对方邀请一起看篮球比赛，故空处会表达意愿。选项C“是的，我很乐意。”与之相符。故选C。 四．阅读理解（共20 小题; 每小题2分, 满分40分） 第一节阅读下列短文, 从每小题所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项. A The thing that I really miss most is playing with my friends. We were a big group of around 15 friends or more. We usually played balls in the parking lot. Our neighbors often talked about our faults because sometimes the ball hit the cars or broke the street lights, and most of the time we shouted too loudly and made them annoyed. We played every day from about 4 pm to 6 pm. After that, we went back home to take a shower, have dinner and then met again. In the evening, we talked about many different topics such as collecting stamps, fishing, cartoons, popular film stars. Even though some of us had a different opinion about something sometimes, we never had an angry argument with each other. A few years later, we stopped playing because we grew up. We didn't have enough time to do things together. Some of us started college, others got married or moved away. The group started to be smaller and smaller. Sometimes we didn't see each other for a long time. Nowadays, I don't hear from them. I wish I could meet them again to remember all those good times that we had in our childhood. 36.The underlined word “annoyed” in Paragraph 1 means “ 　　　”.  A.deaf　　　　 B.happy　　　　 C.angry　　　　 D.surprised 37.How often did they play together? A.Every day.　　　　 B.Once a week.　　　　 C.Twice a week.　　　　 D.Three times a week. 38.They stopped playing after some years because 　　　.  A.they started college　　　　 B.they moved away　　　　 C.they were married　　　　 D.they grew up 答案 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者最怀念的是小时候和一群朋友一起玩耍的时光,如今作者希望再次见到那些朋友。 36.C　词义猜测题。根据“we shouted too loudly”可知,我们喊得很大声,结合选项猜测这里指使他们感到生气,故选C。 37.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“We played every day from about 4 pm to 6pm.”可知,他们每天都一起玩。故选A。 38.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“A few years later, we stopped playing because we grew up.”可知,应选D。 B Developed by US company OpenAI, ChatGPT has taken the internet by storm, winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022. People can ask the robot to write stories and emails, create instructions for cooking a certain food, translate languages, and answer all kinds of questions. In its own words, it is “a language model trained on a large amount of internet text data to help users get human-like text.”  Compared with Siri or other chatbots, ChatGPT uses a much bigger information center for training. It also uses stronger software(软件) and hardware to learn things by itself. For example, if it provides a wrong answer to your question, you can tell it the right one and it will correct itself. “It's a totally different chatbot,” computer scientist Liu Xiaoguang from Nankai University told Tianjin Daily. “The knowledge level ChatGPT shows is the same as a university student. That's why it shocked the world.” But one big problem with ChatGPT is that it makes mistakes or even gives false information. When Rezza, a 28-year-old from Indonesia, used the robot to write an essay(论文), it “gave many examples which other writers actually hadn't mentioned at all”, he told The Guardian. Since the robot is trained using words from the internet, it can also pick up biases(偏见) about certain groups. These are all things that need to be dealt with. 39.Which can replace the underlined part in Paragraph 1? A.Succeeded greatly online.　　　　 B.Done harm to the internet. C.Brought strong wind and heavy rain.　　　　 D.Caused serious changes of the weather. 40.Why did ChatGPT shock the world? A.It can find mistakes by itself. B.It works differently from other chatbots. C.Its information center is easier to control than Siri's. D.Its knowledge level is as high as a university student. 41.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Anybody can make mistakes.　　　　B.Anybody may give false information. C.ChatGPT needs improvement.　　　　D.ChatGPT can't get on well with humans. 42.What might be the best title of the text? A.ChatGPT Is Coming!　　　　 B.ChatGPT Is Catching the World's Eyes! C.Can ChatGPT Take the Place of Humans?　　　　 D.Can ChatGPT Avoid Biases Properly? 答案 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了ChatGPT取得的巨大成功及它的优势和有待改进的方面。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“科学与技术”这一主题群,涉及子主题“科学技术与工程,人类发明与创新”。 39.A　词义猜测题。根据下文“winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022”可知,自ChatGPT发布以来,短时间内就拥有了大量的用户,因此可推断画线部分表示取得了巨大成功,故选A。 40.D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The knowledge level ChatGPT shows is the same as a university student. That's why it shocked the world.”可以得到答案,故选D。 41.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“But one big problem with ChatGPT is that it makes mistakes or even gives false information.”及下文的事例可知,ChatGPT还有待完善,故选C。 42.B　标题归纳题。文章第一段从ChatGPT取得的巨大成功引入,举例说明其应用范围之广;第二段从技术支持和知识储备方面介绍ChatGPT的智能程度;最后一段谈论了ChatGPT存在的问题,这些都说明ChatGPT引起人们的高度关注,故选B。 C It might be fun to use your smartphone, but be careful. Too much screen time may be harmful to your health. First, it is bad for your eyes. A researcher called Sarah Hinkley says the problem comes from the blue light that the screen gives out. Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain(视疲劳), headaches and dry eyes. So it is a good idea to take a break every 15 minutes when you are working at a computer or using a smartphone. Second, screen use can do harm to children's brains. A new study shows that using screens too much can affect(影响) how children's brains grow. If children use screens for more than one hour a day, they might have lower levels of white matter in their brains. White matter is a key to the development of language and reading skills. So it is wise to cut down the time of children using all kinds of screens. Third, using screens too much will affect your sleep. According to a study, about 95% of the people between the ages of 13 and 64 use electronics before bed, especially the young people under 20.Doctors say that the light from those electronics at night may make you excited before you go to bed.Then it's hard for you to get enough sleep. So you'd better turn off smartphones, TVs, and all other screens an hour before your bedtime. To keep healthy, doctors and researchers strongly advise that you shouldn't use screens for long hours. 43.The blue light from your screens can cause 　　　.  A.eye strain　　　　B.headaches　　　　 C.dry eyes　　　　D.all of the above 44.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A.Using smartphones for long hours does harm to your eyes. B.A lot of screen time affects children's brain growth. C.The light from electronics at night may make you excited. D.People of all ages mustn't use electronics. 45.What is the main idea of the passage? A.The ways to keep healthy. B.The harm of using screens too much. C.The ways to use screens. D.The advantages of using screens. 答案 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要从三个方面介绍了长时间看电子屏幕对健康的危害。 43.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“A researcher called Sarah Hinkley says the problem comes from the blue light that the screen gives out. Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain, headaches and dry eyes.”可知,来自屏幕的蓝光可以导致视疲劳、头痛和干眼症。故选D。 44.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,医生和研究人员建议不要长时间使用屏幕,而不是不能使用电子产品,所以D项的说法是错误的。故选D。 45.B　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了长时间使用电子屏幕对健康造成的危害,故选B。 长难句分析　A researcher called Sarah Hinkley says the problem comes from the blue light that the screen gives out. 一位名叫Sarah Hinkley的研究人员说这个问题来自屏幕发出的蓝光。 本句为主从复合句。the problem...gives out为省略了连接词that的宾语从句,其中包含that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the blue light。 重点词汇　be harmful to对……有害;take a break休息一下;do harm to对……造成伤害 D Growing up on a farm, Banting was not a clever student, but he worked hard. After entering college, he turned to medicine. When World War Ⅰ came, Banting became a war doctor. After the war, the young Canadian returned home to work as a doctor. Banting liked reading medical articles while waiting for patients. After learning that a neighbor's child died of diabetes(糖尿病), he began to follow articles about the illness. Banting had some ideas about how to deal with the illness. In 1921, with the help of Dr. Macleod at the University of Toronto, Banting got a small laboratory and an assistant(助理) named Charles Best. Working day and night, they produced a preparation called insulin(胰岛素). They first tested it on animals. 　▲　 All the animals they used in their experiments died. But they didn't give up. After countless tests, they were finally successful in trying it on animals.   The first human patient to receive insulin was a 14-year-old boy named Leonard. After treatment his health improved greatly. They did it! In 1923, Banting was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He didn't make money from his invention. Instead, he sold his insulin production patent(专利) to the University of Toronto for one dollar! In this way, insulin could be marketed cheaply to save thousands of lives. Banting was a true hero. 46.Banting began to pay attention to diabetes after he 　　　.  A.entered college　　　 　B.became a war doctor C.treated a patient with diabetes　　　　D.knew his neighbor's child died of it 47.Which of the following can be put in 　▲　.  A.Finally, they decided to test it on humans. B.However, the early results were disappointing. C.Surprisingly, the first experiment was a success. D.Luckily, everything turned out as they expected. 48.Who was the first human patient to receive insulin? A.Banting.　　　　B.Macleod.　　　　C.Leonard.　　　　D.Charles Best. 4.Why did Banting sell his insulin production patent for one dollar? A.To get money to pay his assistant.　　　　 B.To raise money for the next experiment. C.To make insulin affordable for more patients.　　　　 D.To thank the University of Toronto for helping him. 答案 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。胰岛素的发现为糖尿病患者带来了福音,本文主要讲述了班廷从发现胰岛素到将其应用于临床造福人类的过程。 46.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“After learning that a neighbor's child died of diabetes, he began to follow articles about the illness.”可知,在得知邻居家的小孩死于糖尿病以后,他开始关注有关这种疾病的文章,也就是开始注意糖尿病。故选D。 47.B　推理判断题。根据后面一句“All the animals they used in their experiments died.”可知最开始在动物身上进行的实验没有成功,这样的结果是令人失望的。故选B。 48.C　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The first human patient to receive insulin was a 14-year-old boy named Leonard.”可知,第一个接受胰岛素治疗的人是Leonard。故选C。 49.C　细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“In this way, insulin could be marketed cheaply to save thousands of lives.”可知班廷以一美元卖掉专利是为了让胰岛素便宜,从而使更多的人能负担得起,故选C。 长难句分析　After learning that a neighbor's child died of diabetes, he began to follow articles about the illness. 得知邻居的孩子死于糖尿病后, 他开始关注有关这种疾病的文章。 本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句,作learning的宾语。 重点词汇　die of死于;deal with处理;with the help of在……的帮助下 E When you, as a child, first picked up a crayon, a line might have been the first mark you make. You use lines to write numbers, symbols, and the letters of the alphabet. The lines on a map help you find the best route from one place to another. You use lines to draw pictures. 　▲　You can see lines in the grain(纹理) of a piece of wood or in the cracks on a sidewalk. You can see lines outside a building or in the field. Lines are used to create words, numbers, and symbols. They are also used to create art. In drawing, the line is an element(要素) of art that is the path of a moving point through space.  Artists use lines to lead your eyes through a work of art. They create lines in many ways. A line can be drawn on paper with a pencil or scratched into wet clay with a stick. Depending on its direction, a line can express different ideas or feelings. This is why the line is an important element in the language of art. Lines are used to express different images in Chinese calligraphic drawing. The word calligraphy means beautiful handwriting. In China, calligraphy is used to form characters (汉字) that represent the language. However, characters are more than just a letter of the alphabet. They are like pictures. They can represent an idea, an object, or a verbal sound. Calligraphic lines are usually made with brushstrokes that change from thin to thick in one stroke. To make a very thin line, artists use the tip of the brush. As you press on the brush and more of it touches the paper, the line becomes wider. (See the painting on the right, the long, flowing leaves of the orchid [兰花] plant in the rocks are made with one flowing brushstroke. ) Now practice making calligraphic lines with ink or watercolor paint. Use brushes, both thin and thick, to draw a leaf or a vegetable with lines. 50.The passage mainly talks about 　　　.  A.lines　　　 B.calligraphy　　　 C.paintings　　　 D.brushstrokes 51.Which of the following can be put in 　▲　 in Paragraph 2 as a topic sentence?  A.Artists love lines. B.Paintings need lines. C.Lines are everywhere. D.Lines can do everything. 52.Chinese calligraphic drawing is used as a(an) 　　　 in the passage.  A.reason　　　 B.example　　　 C.method　　　 D.opinion 答案　 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术的要素——线条。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“文学、艺术与体育”这一主题群,涉及子主题“中外影视、戏剧、音乐、舞蹈、绘画、建筑等艺术形式中的文化价值和作品赏析”。 50.A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了线条的各种用途。从人生的第一次拿笔,到书法和绘画等方面,线条发挥了重要作用。故选A。 51.C　推理判断题。根据设空处后两句可推知本段主要阐明线条无处不在,故选C。 52.B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Lines are used to express different images in Chinese calligraphic drawing.”可知,Chinese calligraphy drawing是线条应用的一个例子,故选B。 第二节 阅读下面短文, 并用英语回答问题（请注意每小题的词数要求）. F Eyes always on us Video cameras are everywhere: schools, theatres and stores. But in recent years, they have entered our homes. Many parents set up cameras at home to watch their children’s online classes and homework. Are cameras really helpful? What do students think about it? Li Ming Earlier last year, I liked to lie in bed and watch videos instead of studying. This affected my studies and made my grades worse. So my parents set up a camera to keep an eye on me. It worked. With the camera watching, I had to do my homework first and make plans for studying at home. When I was alone at home, the camera made me feel safe because I knew that my parents were watching on the other side. My grades improved after a year. Zhang Hua When I was in Grade 8, my parent set up a camera in my room. I really didn’t like it because I felt like there were always eyes watching me. I felt so uncomfortable that I couldn’t sleep well at night. Knowing there was a camera around, when my friends came to my home, they would speak quietly and carefully. We couldn’t have pillow fights. I was sad. So I asked my parents to take the camera away. They agreed it as long as I promised to behave well. I feel happy and free now. 回答下面5个问题, 每题答案不超过5个词。 53.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  54.What happened to Li Ming one year later? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  55.Why does Zhang Hua feel happy and free now? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  答案 [语篇解读]　文章主要介绍了现在摄像头无处不在,很多父母为了管理孩子的学习和生活,在家里安装了摄像头,本文包含了两位学生对自己家中安装摄像头的看法。 53.Video cameras.　根据第一段第一句和第三句可知,画线词所在句说的是最近几年,人们把摄像头装在了家里,所以they指代的是摄像头。 54.His grades improved./He got better grades. 　根据第一个方框中第二段最后一句My grades improved after a year.可知,一年后李明的学习成绩提高了,故回答His grades improved./He got better grades.。 55.The camera was taken away.　根据第二个方框中第二段第四句到第六句可知,摄像头被取掉了,所以张华感到开心和自由。 五．单词拼写（共5小题; 每小题1分, 满分5分） 根据首字母及汉语提示, 完成下列单词的拼写, 使句意明确, 语言通顺. 56．—What do you think of talk shows? —I don’t m (介意) them. 【答案】(m)ind 【详解】句意：——你认为脱口秀怎么样？——我不介意他们。介意：mind，动词，don’t后跟动词原形。故填(m)ind。 57．Chicken soup is ready, and s (提供) it please. 【答案】(s)erve 【详解】句意：鸡汤已经准备好了，请上桌。提供：serve；句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头。故填(s)erve。 58．It was c (粗心的) of you not to close the window on such a rainy day. 【答案】(c)areless 【详解】句意：你在这样的一个雨天不关窗真是粗心。careless“粗心的”，形容词作表语。故填(c)areless。 59．Don’t be afraid of making m (错误) because we can learn from them. 【答案】(m)istakes 【详解】句意：不要害怕犯错，因为我们可以从中学习。根据中文提示以及首字母m，mistake“错误”符合句意，可数名词，这里不是特指某一个特定的错误，包含各种类型的错误，因此用复数形式mistakes。故填(m)istakes。 60．The doctor gave some m (药) to Kevin and told him how to take it. 【答案】(m)edicine 【详解】句意：医生给凯文开了一些药，并告诉他如何服用。medicine“药”，不可数名词。故填(m)edicine。 六．书面表达（共1小题; 满分20分） 良好的习惯让人受益终身。如何培养良好的习惯?请根据以下内容提示,以“How to Develop a Good Habit”为题,用英语写一篇短文,可以适当发挥。 要点:(1)坚持锻炼,不要熬夜,睡眠充足; (2)多吃水果蔬菜,少吃垃圾食品; (3)努力学习,广泛阅读; (4)体贴父母,多做家务; …… 注意:(1)要点齐全,条理清晰,语句通顺,不需逐条翻译; (2)文中不得出现姓名、校名等真实信息; (3)短文不少于80词。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  参考范文 How to Develop a Good Habit A good habit can help us get good grades and live happily, so it is very important to develop some good ones. As teenagers, what should we do? First, in my opinion, we should keep on taking exercise. What's more, to get enough sleep, we shouldn't stay up late. Second, we should eat more vegetables and fruit and less junk food. Third, we must study hard at school. We should listen to the teacher in class carefully and take notes when necessary. It is a good habit to finish the schoolwork on time every day. In our spare time, we'd better read widely to get more knowledge. Fourth, to show our love and respect to our parents, we can help them do more housework at home. Last but not least, we should be always ready to help others when they are in trouble. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 八年级上册综合过关检测 英语 （考试时间：90分钟，试卷满分：100分） 一．单项填空（共 10 小题;每小题 1分, 满分 10分） 1．George worked as a computer engineer before. The ________ helped him a lot when he started his own computer shop. A．event B．information C．relationship D．experience 2．—Which is your favorite, singing, dancing or drawing? —Dancing. I think it’s ________ of all. A．the most enjoyable B．more enjoyable C．enjoyable D．most enjoyable 3．—Remember to take your schoolbag when you ________ the bus. —Sure, Mom. A．get off B．look through C．care about D．come on 4．The girl sings ________ and all of us like listening to her songs. A．beautifully B．luckily C．quickly D．hardly 5．—What do you think of the lecture of Li Yang’s Crazy English? —I think it’s ________ , but someone thinks it’s much too ________. A． creative enough; bored B．enough creative; boring C．creative enough; boring D．enough creative; bored 6．I won’t ________ his gifts ________ he let me know the reason. A．accept; until B．accept; when C．refuse; after D．refuse; as 7．—Susan, I’d like to order something to drink. What would you like, coffee or cola? —________. Milk is OK. A．Both B．None C．Either D．Neither 8．—Jim, could you please answer the question? —Sorry, I ________. Could you say it again? A．don’t listen B．wasn’t listening C．am not listening D．won’t listen 9．People are ________ more and more land, so a lot of animals will have fewer and fewer places to live. A．taking away B．taking out C．taking off D．taking down 10．—I want to know if it ________ tomorrow. —Don’t worry. If it ________, we will stay at home. A．will rain; rains B．rains; rains C．rains; will rain D．will rain; will rain 二．完形填空（共20小题; 每小题1分, 满分20分） 阅读下列短文, 从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项. A The 75-year-old Joe lived very happily in a village and had a big warm family. His children 　11　 and moved to different cities. Now he has four grandchildren, and they usually visit him during their holidays.   During one 　12　, Joe was preparing his home for the kids: cleaning the house and cooking their favorite foods. After he finished working, he realized his watch was 　13　. The watch was from his 　14　 and he treasured it very much, so he was very upset. He looked for it but could not find it 　15　.   When his grandchildren came, they promised him they would find the watch which was given by their grandma. One granddaughter asked:“Grandpa, do you remember when you saw it the 　16　 time?”  “I guess when I was cleaning the 　17　!” he replied.   The children looked for more than two hours with Joe, but they couldn't find it. The kids were now also sad, but they tried to comfort their grandpa. One grandson went back to the garden to look again. He was there for about 15 minutes and rushed back with a(an) 　18　 look on his face.   Then everyone was very surprised to see the watch in his hand. They asked how he was able to find it. The little boy replied: “I sat there without making a noise. After a few minutes, I heard the ‘tick, tick' sound and found the watch.” Joe hugged and 　19　 the little boy.   This is the power of 　20　. If we stay calm(冷静的), we are more about to find the ways of solving problems.   11. A.gave up B.looked up C.grew up D.got up 12. A.summer B.vacation C.winter D.weekday 13. A.dirty B.broken C.wet D.missing 14. A.wife B.children C.granddaughter D.grandson 15. A.somewhere B.anywhere C.here D.there 16. A.last B.next C.second D.first 17. A.kitchen B.bedroom C.yard D.garden 18. A.tired B.surprised C.excited D.bored 19. A.warned B.thanked C.punished D.kicked 20. A.silence B.courage C.discovery D.doubt B Electric vehicles(电动车辆) have been around for more than a hundred years. But they have really been liked by a large number of people 　21　 the past ten years. More than ten million electric cars are sold worldwide in 2022.  Helping the Environment Most cars run on petrol(汽油). Burning petrol and other fossil fuels(化石燃料) produces greenhouse gases(气体). Electric vehicles don't burn petrol. 　22　, strong batteries(电池) run their electric engines(引擎). So, electric vehicles 　23　 produce greenhouse gases.  Poop Power Electric vehicles are better for the environment. But they are not perfect. Their batteries often use electricity 　24　 was made by burning fossil fuels. But an electric vehicle uses 　25　 energy than a vehicle that runs on petrol. Besides, some of the electricity comes from “greener” sources(来源), 　26　 wind power. And some may soon come from a new source—cow poop(牛粪)! An electric car company has worked together with a large farm. They plan to make 　27　 from cow poop.  Always Improving One of the problems with electric vehicles is their limited range(有限的范围). It is 　28　 they can travel before their batteries need another charge(充电). But now their range is improving. Some new electric vehicles can travel almost three times 　29　 as older ones did. Another problem is finding a place to recharge the batteries. But the number of charging stations 　30　 also going up. In Sweden, engineers have even designed(设计) a road that will charge electric vehicles as they drive along.  21. A.to B.since C.at D.in 22. A.Although B.So C.Instead D.Also 23. A.hardly B.often C.usually D.always 24. A.when B.that C.where D.what 25. A.more B.fewer C.less D.worse 26. A.such as B.more than C.close to D.full of 27. A.food B.electricity C.money D.trouble 28. A.how far B.how much C.how`often D.how`many 29. A.father B.far C.so far D.as far 30. A.was B.am C.is D.are 三．补全对话（共5小题; 每小题1分, 满分5分） 从下面选项中，选择正确的句子填空。其中有两项为多余选项。 A: Hello, Jim. 31 B: Oh, yes. I like it very much. A: Well. 32 B: Twice a week. A: Who do you play basketball with? B: I play it with my good friends. A: 33 B: For about an hour. A: 34 B: On Wednesday and Friday afternoon. A: Do you like watching basketball games? B: Yes, very much. A: Tomorrow is Sunday. Would you like to go and watch a basketball game with me? B: 35 But I have to do my homework. A．No, I wouldn’t. B．How often do you play basketball? C．Yes, I’d love to. D．When do you usually play basketball? E．Do you like playing basketball? F．You’re welcome. G．How many hours do you play basketball every time. 四．阅读理解（共20 小题; 每小题2分, 满分40分） 第一节阅读下列短文, 从每小题所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项. A The thing that I really miss most is playing with my friends. We were a big group of around 15 friends or more. We usually played balls in the parking lot. Our neighbors often talked about our faults because sometimes the ball hit the cars or broke the street lights, and most of the time we shouted too loudly and made them annoyed. We played every day from about 4 pm to 6 pm. After that, we went back home to take a shower, have dinner and then met again. In the evening, we talked about many different topics such as collecting stamps, fishing, cartoons, popular film stars. Even though some of us had a different opinion about something sometimes, we never had an angry argument with each other. A few years later, we stopped playing because we grew up. We didn't have enough time to do things together. Some of us started college, others got married or moved away. The group started to be smaller and smaller. Sometimes we didn't see each other for a long time. Nowadays, I don't hear from them. I wish I could meet them again to remember all those good times that we had in our childhood. 36.The underlined word “annoyed” in Paragraph 1 means “ 　　　”.  A.deaf　　　　 B.happy　　　　 C.angry　　　　 D.surprised 37.How often did they play together? A.Every day.　　　　 B.Once a week.　　　　 C.Twice a week.　　　　 D.Three times a week. 38.They stopped playing after some years because 　　　.  A.they started college　　　　 B.they moved away　　　　 C.they were married　　　　 D.they grew up B Developed by US company OpenAI, ChatGPT has taken the internet by storm, winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022. People can ask the robot to write stories and emails, create instructions for cooking a certain food, translate languages, and answer all kinds of questions. In its own words, it is “a language model trained on a large amount of internet text data to help users get human-like text.”  Compared with Siri or other chatbots, ChatGPT uses a much bigger information center for training. It also uses stronger software(软件) and hardware to learn things by itself. For example, if it provides a wrong answer to your question, you can tell it the right one and it will correct itself. “It's a totally different chatbot,” computer scientist Liu Xiaoguang from Nankai University told Tianjin Daily. “The knowledge level ChatGPT shows is the same as a university student. That's why it shocked the world.” But one big problem with ChatGPT is that it makes mistakes or even gives false information. When Rezza, a 28-year-old from Indonesia, used the robot to write an essay(论文), it “gave many examples which other writers actually hadn't mentioned at all”, he told The Guardian. Since the robot is trained using words from the internet, it can also pick up biases(偏见) about certain groups. These are all things that need to be dealt with. 39.Which can replace the underlined part in Paragraph 1? A.Succeeded greatly online.　　　　 B.Done harm to the internet. C.Brought strong wind and heavy rain.　　　　 D.Caused serious changes of the weather. 40.Why did ChatGPT shock the world? A.It can find mistakes by itself. B.It works differently from other chatbots. C.Its information center is easier to control than Siri's. D.Its knowledge level is as high as a university student. 41.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Anybody can make mistakes.　　　　B.Anybody may give false information. C.ChatGPT needs improvement.　　　　D.ChatGPT can't get on well with humans. 42.What might be the best title of the text? A.ChatGPT Is Coming!　　　　 B.ChatGPT Is Catching the World's Eyes! C.Can ChatGPT Take the Place of Humans?　　　　 D.Can ChatGPT Avoid Biases Properly? C It might be fun to use your smartphone, but be careful. Too much screen time may be harmful to your health. First, it is bad for your eyes. A researcher called Sarah Hinkley says the problem comes from the blue light that the screen gives out. Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain(视疲劳), headaches and dry eyes. So it is a good idea to take a break every 15 minutes when you are working at a computer or using a smartphone. Second, screen use can do harm to children's brains. A new study shows that using screens too much can affect(影响) how children's brains grow. If children use screens for more than one hour a day, they might have lower levels of white matter in their brains. White matter is a key to the development of language and reading skills. So it is wise to cut down the time of children using all kinds of screens. Third, using screens too much will affect your sleep. According to a study, about 95% of the people between the ages of 13 and 64 use electronics before bed, especially the young people under 20.Doctors say that the light from those electronics at night may make you excited before you go to bed.Then it's hard for you to get enough sleep. So you'd better turn off smartphones, TVs, and all other screens an hour before your bedtime. To keep healthy, doctors and researchers strongly advise that you shouldn't use screens for long hours. 43.The blue light from your screens can cause 　　　.  A.eye strain　　　　B.headaches　　　　 C.dry eyes　　　　D.all of the above 44.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A.Using smartphones for long hours does harm to your eyes. B.A lot of screen time affects children's brain growth. C.The light from electronics at night may make you excited. D.People of all ages mustn't use electronics. 45.What is the main idea of the passage? A.The ways to keep healthy. B.The harm of using screens too much. C.The ways to use screens. D.The advantages of using screens. D Growing up on a farm, Banting was not a clever student, but he worked hard. After entering college, he turned to medicine. When World War Ⅰ came, Banting became a war doctor. After the war, the young Canadian returned home to work as a doctor. Banting liked reading medical articles while waiting for patients. After learning that a neighbor's child died of diabetes(糖尿病), he began to follow articles about the illness. Banting had some ideas about how to deal with the illness. In 1921, with the help of Dr. Macleod at the University of Toronto, Banting got a small laboratory and an assistant(助理) named Charles Best. Working day and night, they produced a preparation called insulin(胰岛素). They first tested it on animals. 　▲　 All the animals they used in their experiments died. But they didn't give up. After countless tests, they were finally successful in trying it on animals.   The first human patient to receive insulin was a 14-year-old boy named Leonard. After treatment his health improved greatly. They did it! In 1923, Banting was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He didn't make money from his invention. Instead, he sold his insulin production patent(专利) to the University of Toronto for one dollar! In this way, insulin could be marketed cheaply to save thousands of lives. Banting was a true hero. 46.Banting began to pay attention to diabetes after he 　　　.  A.entered college　　　 　B.became a war doctor C.treated a patient with diabetes　　　　D.knew his neighbor's child died of it 47.Which of the following can be put in 　▲　.  A.Finally, they decided to test it on humans. B.However, the early results were disappointing. C.Surprisingly, the first experiment was a success. D.Luckily, everything turned out as they expected. 48.Who was the first human patient to receive insulin? A.Banting.　　　　B.Macleod.　　　　C.Leonard.　　　　D.Charles Best. 4.Why did Banting sell his insulin production patent for one dollar? A.To get money to pay his assistant.　　　　 B.To raise money for the next experiment. C.To make insulin affordable for more patients.　　　　 D.To thank the University of Toronto for helping him. E When you, as a child, first picked up a crayon, a line might have been the first mark you make. You use lines to write numbers, symbols, and the letters of the alphabet. The lines on a map help you find the best route from one place to another. You use lines to draw pictures. 　▲　You can see lines in the grain(纹理) of a piece of wood or in the cracks on a sidewalk. You can see lines outside a building or in the field. Lines are used to create words, numbers, and symbols. They are also used to create art. In drawing, the line is an element(要素) of art that is the path of a moving point through space.  Artists use lines to lead your eyes through a work of art. They create lines in many ways. A line can be drawn on paper with a pencil or scratched into wet clay with a stick. Depending on its direction, a line can express different ideas or feelings. This is why the line is an important element in the language of art. Lines are used to express different images in Chinese calligraphic drawing. The word calligraphy means beautiful handwriting. In China, calligraphy is used to form characters (汉字) that represent the language. However, characters are more than just a letter of the alphabet. They are like pictures. They can represent an idea, an object, or a verbal sound. Calligraphic lines are usually made with brushstrokes that change from thin to thick in one stroke. To make a very thin line, artists use the tip of the brush. As you press on the brush and more of it touches the paper, the line becomes wider. (See the painting on the right, the long, flowing leaves of the orchid [兰花] plant in the rocks are made with one flowing brushstroke. ) Now practice making calligraphic lines with ink or watercolor paint. Use brushes, both thin and thick, to draw a leaf or a vegetable with lines. 50.The passage mainly talks about 　　　.  A.lines　　　 B.calligraphy　　　 C.paintings　　　 D.brushstrokes 51.Which of the following can be put in 　▲　 in Paragraph 2 as a topic sentence?  A.Artists love lines. B.Paintings need lines. C.Lines are everywhere. D.Lines can do everything. 52.Chinese calligraphic drawing is used as a(an) 　　　 in the passage.  A.reason　　　 B.example　　　 C.method　　　 D.opinion 第二节 阅读下面短文, 并用英语回答问题（请注意每小题的词数要求）. F Eyes always on us Video cameras are everywhere: schools, theatres and stores. But in recent years, they have entered our homes. Many parents set up cameras at home to watch their children’s online classes and homework. Are cameras really helpful? What do students think about it? Li Ming Earlier last year, I liked to lie in bed and watch videos instead of studying. This affected my studies and made my grades worse. So my parents set up a camera to keep an eye on me. It worked. With the camera watching, I had to do my homework first and make plans for studying at home. When I was alone at home, the camera made me feel safe because I knew that my parents were watching on the other side. My grades improved after a year. Zhang Hua When I was in Grade 8, my parent set up a camera in my room. I really didn’t like it because I felt like there were always eyes watching me. I felt so uncomfortable that I couldn’t sleep well at night. Knowing there was a camera around, when my friends came to my home, they would speak quietly and carefully. We couldn’t have pillow fights. I was sad. So I asked my parents to take the camera away. They agreed it as long as I promised to behave well. I feel happy and free now. 回答下面5个问题, 每题答案不超过5个词。 53.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  54.What happened to Li Ming one year later? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  55.Why does Zhang Hua feel happy and free now? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  五．单词拼写（共5小题; 每小题1分, 满分5分） 根据首字母及汉语提示, 完成下列单词的拼写, 使句意明确, 语言通顺. 56．—What do you think of talk shows? —I don’t m (介意) them. 57．Chicken soup is ready, and s (提供) it please. 58．It was c (粗心的) of you not to close the window on such a rainy day. 59．Don’t be afraid of making m (错误) because we can learn from them. 60．The doctor gave some m (药) to Kevin and told him how to take it. 六．书面表达（共1小题; 满分20分） 良好的习惯让人受益终身。如何培养良好的习惯?请根据以下内容提示,以“How to Develop a Good Habit”为题,用英语写一篇短文,可以适当发挥。 要点:(1)坚持锻炼,不要熬夜,睡眠充足; (2)多吃水果蔬菜,少吃垃圾食品; (3)努力学习,广泛阅读; (4)体贴父母,多做家务; …… 注意:(1)要点齐全,条理清晰,语句通顺,不需逐条翻译; (2)文中不得出现姓名、校名等真实信息; (3)短文不少于80词。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$