第04讲 选择性必修三Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites 教材知识新课预习-【寒假自学课】2025年高二英语寒假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

第04讲 Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites(选择必修三) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用与常见的遗产保护与破坏相关的词汇、语法等知识； 文化意识：了解世界遗产的基本情况及其面临的危险，意识到保护遗产的重要性； 思维品质：能把握讲座文稿的篇章结构，了解对世界遗产造成损坏的原因； 学习能力：培养合作学习意识，乐于分享与“遗产保护”相关的学习资源，主动开展课外学习。 单元知识点 单元词汇 1. preserve vt. 保护，维护，保存；维持 n. 保护区 [教材原句]If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. 如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。 (1)preserve sb./sth.from sth. 保护某人/某物免受…… (2)nature preserve 自然保护区 (3)well­preserved adj. 保存良好的 preserved adj. 保藏的；腌制的 preservation n. 保护 2. urgent adj. 紧急的；紧迫的；催促的，急切的 [教材原句]Unfortunately, they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection. 很遗憾，它们正面临各种危险，其中多处急需保护。 (1)urgency n. 紧急；迫切 (2)urge vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事 urge sth.on sb. 极力主张某人某事 it is urged that...(should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事 feel/have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事 3. ruin vt. 毁坏，破坏；使破产，毁灭 n. 毁灭，毁坏；破产；残垣断壁 [教材原句]Natural disasters, the sudden and powerful natural forces，can lead to the destruction of heritage sites: in 2003，a terrible earthquake shook south­eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam, an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site. 自然灾害这种突发而强大的自然力会破坏遗产地：2003年，一场可怕的地震袭击了伊朗东南部，摧毁了巴姆古城的大部分地区。该古城是一处令人叹为观止的联合国教科文组织文化遗产地。 (1)ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉 (2)be/lie in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪 fall/go/come into ruin 毁灭；败落 4. conflict n. (军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi.冲突，抵触 [教材原句]In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose. 在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区，战士甚至会故意炸毁遗产地。 in conflict with...over... 在……上与……有冲突/争执 come into conflict with... 与……发生冲突/发生争执/发生矛盾 conflict with... 与……有冲突，与……相抵触 5. assess vt. 评估，评定；估算 [教材原句]For years，a panel of specialists discussed and assessed different means of repairing the pagoda. 多年来，一个专家小组讨论并评估了修复这座宝塔的不同方法。 (1)assess sth.at... 对……估价为…… (2)assessment n. 看法，评价，评定 assessor n. 顾问；评判员 6. consultation n. 咨询，商讨；就诊 [教材原句]After close consultation with the specialists，the local government couldn't agree on how to make the repairs safely. 经过与专家们的密切协商，当地政府未能就如何安全地进行修理达成一致意见。 (1)consult vi. 咨询；商量，商议vt.咨询，向……请教；商量 consult (with) sb.about/on sth. 向某人咨询/请教某事；就某事和某人商量 consult a dictionary 查阅字典 (2)consultant n. 顾问；会诊医师 7. suspend vt. 暂停；悬，挂 [教材原句]Therefore，the repair work was suspended. 因此，维修工作暂停了。 suspend sb.from sth. 使某人暂时停学/停职 suspend sth.from sth. 将某物悬挂于…… 8. pursue vt. 追求，致力于，执行；追逐 [教材原句]The three countries jointly pursued an application for UNESCO World Heritage status. 这三个国家联合致力于申报联合国教科文组织世界遗产。 (1)pursue one's dream/goal/degree/career 追求某人的梦想/目标/学位/事业 (2)pursuit n. 追求 in pursuit of 追求，寻求 in hot pursuit 紧紧追赶，穷追不舍 9. submit vt. & vi. 提交，呈递；屈服 [教材原句]They submitted the proposal which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor. 他们递交了提案，其中包括对廊道沿线33处遗址的详细研究。 (1)submit...to... 向……提交…… submit to 服从于；屈从于 submit sb./oneself to 使某人甘受……；服从…… (2)submission n. 提交，呈递；屈服，顺从 in submission to 顺从……，服从……，听从…… (3)submissive adj. 唯命是从的，顺从的 [名师点津]在submit...to...中，submit是及物动词，意为“提交”；而在submit to中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从”。 10. assign vt. 指定，指派；分配；确定 [教材原句]Assigned by the emperor，the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang'an to Central Asia, seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. 使者张骞奉旨由长安城出发，长途跋涉至中亚地区，力求搭建汉朝和西域沟通的桥梁。 (1)assign sth.to sb.(＝assign sb.sth.) 把某物分配/布置给某人 assign sb. to... 委派某人去…… assign sb.to do sth. 派遣某人去做某事 (2)assignment n. (分配的)任务，工作；分派，布置 11. expansion n. 扩展，扩大，膨胀；(想法、做事等的)详述 [教材原句]All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods, knowledge and ideas. 所有这些活动都催生了一个发展的大时代，因为贸易往来和文化交流使人们接触到了新商品、新知识和新观念。 (1)expand vt. & vi. 扩大，增强，增加；扩展 expand one's vocabulary 扩大某人的词汇量 expand into (使……)扩大成…… expand on/upon 详述，详细阐明 (2)expandable adj. 可扩大的，可放大的 12. ban vt. 明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 n. 禁令 [教材原句]The introduction of non­native species is banned. 禁止引进非本地物种。 (1)ban sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 ban doing sth. 禁止做某事 (2)a ban on... 关于……的禁令 put a ban on 禁止 单元句型 1. the more…, the more… [教材原句]The_more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites，the_more likely we are to treat them with respect. 我们越明白遗产地突出的普遍价值，就越可能会尊重它们。 (1)“the＋比较级. .., the＋比较级. ..”， 表示“越……，越……”，其中的比较级可用形容词的比较级，也可用副词的比较级； (2)“the＋比较级. ..，the＋比较级. ..”， 表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，前一分句相当于条件状语从句，后一分句相当于主句，意为“越……，越……”； (3)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化； (4)“more and more＋多音节或部分双音节形容词/副词原级”，表示“越来越……”。 2. while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比 [教材原句]China's exports included silk, china and tea, while horses, wool，cotton and grapes were all imported over vast distances along the network. 中国出口丝绸、瓷器和茶叶，而马匹、羊毛织物、棉花织物和葡萄则不远万里沿着路网运到中国。 while作连词的用法： (1)作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”，用来连接两个并列句； (2)作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，从句谓语动词应用延续性动词； (3)作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，从句常位于主句前面。 【巩固练习】 I.根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1. The rain stopped and the sun e________ from behind the clouds. 2. At the age of 14, he decided to p________ a career as a musician. 3. People trapped in the c_______ building in the earthquake were rescued. 4. The victims in the floodstricken areas are in u________ need of assistance. 5. The prize went to him in r_______ of his achievement in the field of medicine. 6. Children who still can’t do ________(除法) will have extra classes. 7. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience ________(打断) him. 8. There’s a ________(预报) of cooler weather towards the end of the week. 9. The flight to New York had to be ________(暂停) because of the pandemic. 10. Most incidents of domestic ________(暴力) are never reported to the police. 【答案】 1. emerged　 2. pursue　 3. collapsed　 4. urgent 5. recognition　 6. division 　 7. interrupted　 8. forecast 9. suspended　 10. violence II.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 take shape　 play an important role in wear and tear　 at risk take one’s breath away　 in recognition of be at the top of the agenda 1. Parents ________________ in their child’s learning.  2. The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal ________________.  3. She was awarded an honourary degree ________________ her work in the community.  4.The past few months have seen the state’s health insurance legislation begin to ________________.  5. The subject of safety must be placed ________________ for this afternoon’s meeting.   【答案】 1. play an important role 2. wear and tear 3. in recognition of 1. take shape 5. at the top of the agenda III.完成句子 1.________________________, the more frightened we got. 离熊越近，我们就越害怕。 2.________________________ you (should) be exposed to different cultures to broaden your horizons. 你有必要接触不同的文化以开阔你的视野。 3.________________________ the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.(过去分词作原因状语) 由于受到外面噪音的惊吓，小女孩不敢在她的卧室睡觉了。 4. The reason Hollywood was a good place for making movies was________________________. 好莱坞是拍电影的好地方，原因是那里天天有太阳。 5.________________________, you had better consult your teacher about the problem. 如果是这样,你最好向你的老师请教这个问题。 【答案】 1. The nearer the bear was 2. It’s necessary that 3. Frightened by the noise outside 4. that the sunshine there every day 5. If so 单元语法 考点1 that引导的同位语从句 that引导同位语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略，也不可用which替换。 This leads Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating.这让琼斯得出结论，他的社区里有太多极度孤独的人，他们很容易成为被欺骗的目标。 考点2 whether引导的同位语从句 whether引导同位语从句时不充当任何句子成分，表示“是否”，不可以用if替换。 The question came up at the meeting whether we could get enough support for our research.会议上提出了我们的研究是否能够得到足够的支持的问题。 考点3 连接代词引导的同位语从句 常见的引导同位语从句的连接代词有who，what等，引导同位语从句时保留自身的含义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当成分(作主语、宾语等)。 I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.我不知道那个男孩现在正在隔壁房间里干什么。 考点4 连接副词引导的同位语从句 常见的引导同位语从句的连接副词有when, where, how，why。它们在从句中作状语。 They haven't settled the question where they are going to spend their summer vacation this summer.他们还没有解决今年到哪里过暑假的问题。 I have no idea why the cell phone isn't working，so could you fix it for me？我不知道手机为什么不能用了，你能帮我修一下吗？ 考点5 同位语从句的注意事项 1. 有时同位语从句并不紧跟在它所要解释的词的后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子的结构显得平衡，这在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。 Word has spread on campus that some American students will come to our college for a visit next week.一些美国学生下周要来我们学院参观的消息已经在校园里传开了。 2. 表示建议、命令、要求等的名词(如suggestion, order, demand，command，request，advice等)后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可以省略。 The officer gave an order that his soldiers (should) fight back bravely.军官命令士兵们勇敢反击。 3. 名词doubt(怀疑)用于肯定句时，其后的同位语从句用whether引导；用于否定句时，其后的同位语从句用that引导。 There is no doubt that you are qualified enough and experienced in presenting your ideas, because of your abundant skills.毫无疑问，因为你丰富的技能，所以你有足够的资格和经验来表达你的想法。 We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们有点怀疑，他们是否能按时完成任务。 【巩固练习】 (1)It is well known ________ cultural heritage represents human civilization. (2)People will ask ________ his paintings have awed and amazed the public for half a century. (3)We shouldn’t ignore the fact ________ in some places cultural relics and heritage sites are damaged or ruined. (4)There is no doubt ________ it is urgent to preserve these cultural relics and heritage sites. (5)It is doubtful ________ the pyramids will ever stand natural wear and tear. (6)The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be put off. (7)There’s a possibility ________ we will travel to Europe this summer vacation. (8)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. (9)The proposal ________ we should send another satellite into space is to be discussed at the meeting. (10)It is incredible ________ little we know about the universe. 【答案】 (1) that (2) why/how (3) that (4) that (5) whether (6) that (7) that (8) that (9) that (10) how 单元写作 写一篇保护文化遗产的倡议书 本单元的写作任务是写一篇保护文化遗产的倡议书。倡议书是应用文的一种,一般首先写明倡议书的背景原因和目的,然后写明倡议的具体内容和要求,结尾往往要表示倡议者的决心和希望。 典题分析 假定你是李华,在世界文化和自然遗产日(World Cultural and Natural Heritage Day)到来之前,请你用英文写一个保护文化和自然遗产的倡议书。内容包括:1.倡议的目的; 2.倡议的内容。 注意: 词数80左右。 【语篇解读】 体裁：倡议书(保护文化遗产) 时态：一般现在时 人称：第一，三人称 框架：第一段：提出倡议的原因。 第二段：倡议书的具体内容。 第三段：表达自己的愿望。 【参考范文】 Dear everyone, The World Cultural and Natural Heritage Day is approaching and in order to raise people’s awareness of the protection of cultural and natural heritage, I propose that we make the following survey. Firstly, find out how many cultural and natural heritage sites there are in your area.Secondly, learn about the significance of these local cultural and natural heritage sites.Lastly, find out what local safeguards are in place. It is hoped that the proposal will make us more aware of the importance of our cultural and natural heritage, thus raising our awareness of conservation. Li Hua [写作迁移] 为了配合学校即将开展的以“保护中国文化遗产”为主题的活动，请你代表校学生会给校英语宣传栏写一封倡议书。内容包括： 1. 倡议目的； 2. 具体措施； 3. 发出倡议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Preserving China’s Cultural Heritage _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】范文 Preserving China’s Cultural Heritage With the approach of the campaign themed “Preserving China’s Cultural Heritage”, it is a call for each one of us to actively engage in the preservation of our cultural legacy. Practical steps should be taken, such as designing aware-raising posters that highlight the significance of the campaign. We can also actively participate in local conservation projects, volunteering to maintain historical sites and monuments. Lastly, take good advantage of social media to share our cultural heritage globally, which serves as a bridge between the past, present, and future. Let’s join hands in preserving our invaluable cultural heritage, ensuring that it remains a source of inspiration and pride for generations to come. The Students’ Union 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“保护中国文化遗产”为主题给校英语宣传栏写一封倡议书。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参与：engage in → take part in 充分利用：take good advantage of → make the most of 极珍贵的：invaluable → priceless 确保：ensure → make sure 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：With the approach of the campaign themed “Preserving China’s Cultural Heritage”, it is a call for each one of us to actively engage in the preservation of our cultural legacy. 拓展句：As the campaign themed “Preserving China’s Cultural Heritage” is approaching, it is a call for each one of us to actively engage in the preservation of our cultural legacy. 【点睛】 [高分句型1]Practical steps should be taken, such as designing aware-raising posters that highlight the significance of the campaign. (运用了that引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]Lastly, take good advantage of social media to share our cultural heritage globally, which serves as a bridge between the past, present, and future. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 考点1 preserve vt. 保护，维护，保存；维持 n. 保护区 1. The famous paintings by Xu Beihong were in an excellent state of ________(preserve) in the museum. 【答案】preservation 【详解】考查名词。句意：徐悲鸿的名画在这个博物馆里保存得很好。空处作of的宾语，preserve的名词形式preservation符合题意，意为“保存”，是不可数名词，state of preservation表示“保存状态”。故填preservation。 2. It is crucial ________(preserve) ancient artifacts so that future generations can learn about their history. 【答案】to preserve 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：保护古代文物是至关重要的，这样子孙后代才能了解它们的历史。此处是固定搭配：it is+形容词+不定式，其中it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to preserve。 3. Our ultimate goal must be the ________(preserve) of the environment. 【答案】preservation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的最终目的必须是环境保护。冠词修饰名词，preserve“保护”是动词，名词形式是preservation，不可数名词，作表语，故填preservation。 考点2 urgent adj. 紧急的；紧迫的；催促的，急切的 1. There are a lot of old people waiting there ________(urgent) to purchase organic vegetables. 【答案】urgently 【详解】考查副词。句意：有很多老人在那里急着购买有机蔬菜。空处修饰空前的动词wait，用副词修饰。故填urgently。 2. ________ is most urgent that the patient should get to hospital. 【答案】It 【详解】考查形式主语。句意：病人应该去医院，这是最紧急的。真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句，空处需要it作形式主语，句首单词首字母大写，故填It。 考点3 ruin vt. 毁坏，破坏；使破产，毁灭 n. 毁灭，毁坏；破产；残垣断壁 1. It has rained for two weeks, completely ________(ruin) our holiday. 【答案】ruining 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：雨已经下了两个星期了，把我们的假期完全毁了。句中谓语是has rained，空格处用非谓语动词，此处用现在分词表结果，故填ruining。 2. With a history of more than 2,000 years, some sections of the Great Wall are now ________ ruins or even have disappeared. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：有着两千多年历史的长城，有些部分如今已处于废墟状态，甚至已经消失。根据下文“even have disappeared(甚至已经消失)”可知本句说的是部分长城如今处于废墟状态，“in ruins”是固定短语，意为“处于废墟中；破败不堪”，故填in。 3. The empty house in the village fell ________ ruin without anyone living there. 【答案】into 【详解】考查介词。句意：村庄里那座空房子因为没有人居住而沦为废墟。“fall into ruin”为固定短语，意思是“沦为废墟”，符合语境。故填into。 考点4 conflict n. (军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致 vi. 冲突，抵触 1. She found herself ________ conflict with her parents over her future career. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：她发现自己在将来的职业问题上与父母存在分歧。固定短语 in conflict with意为“与……有冲突，与……有分歧”，符合句意。故填in。 2. When a robot’s behavior conflicts ________ the orders given by human beings, it will pose a threat to human existence. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：当机器人的行为与人类下达的命令相冲突时，就会对人类的生存构成威胁。conflict with意为“与……冲突”，为固定搭配。故填with。 3. My mother always feels ________(conflict) about the choices before her. 【答案】conflicted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我母亲总是对摆在她面前的选择感到矛盾。feels后跟形容词作表语，conflict的形容词是conflicted，意为“(感觉)相互矛盾的”，故填conflicted。 考点5 assess vt. 评估，评定；估算 1. What’s your ________(assess) of her chances of winning? 【答案】assessment 【详解】考查名词。句意：你估计她获胜的可能性有多大?分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作主语，assess的名词为assessment意为“看法，评估”，且谓语动词是is，所以此处为名词单数形式。故填assessment。 2. ________(assess) different means of repairing the pagoda for months, a panel of specialists got down to the repair work. 【答案】Having assessed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几个月来，专家小组对修复宝塔的各种方法进行了评估，然后开始着手修复工作。分析可知，句中谓语是got down to，空格处用非谓语动词作状语，specialists和assess之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，assess的动作发生在got down to之前，因此空格处用现在分词完成式having done表示发生在谓语动作之前的非谓语动作，因此空格处是having assessed，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Having assessed。 3. The doctor made an ________(assess) of the damage and said he must have an operation immediately. 【答案】assessment 【详解】考查名词。句意：医生对损伤作了评估，说他必须马上动手术。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少made的宾语，an后面搭配名词单数。assess的名词形式为assessment。故填：assessment。 考点6 consultation n. 咨询，商讨；就诊 1. After the clinical examination, the ________(consult) invited his students to put forward any suggestions they had kicked about the nature of the disease. 【答案】consultant 【详解】考查名词。句意：临床检查后，会诊医师邀请他的学生就疾病的性质提出任何建议。空格前面是冠词the，后面要用名词consultant，意为“会诊医师”，作主语。故填consultant。 2. Have you ever ________(consultant) your lawyer about the case in advance? 【答案】consulted 【详解】考查时态。句意：你事先就这个案子咨询过你的律师吗？作谓语，应用动词consult，根据上文Have you ever可知为现在完成时。故填consulted。 3. You shouldn’t have done it without ________(consult) me. 【答案】consulting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：你不该不和我商量就做了这件事。根据“without”可知，空处需填动名词作宾语，consult作动词，表示“咨询，商量”。故填consulting。 4. I finally chose the present ________ consultation with my friends. 【答案】in 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我和朋友商量后终于选定了礼物。此处为固定短语in consultation with，意为“与……协商”，故填in。 考点7. assign vt. 指定，指派；分配；确定 1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first ________ at the office of a popular English newspaper, who was ________ as a chief editor. (assign) 【答案】assignment; assigned 【详解】考查名词和动词。句意：周洋永远不会忘记他在一家流行英文报纸办公室的第一份工作，那时他被被任命为主编。第一空应用名词assignment作宾语，由first可知，此处指第一个任务，为单数意义；第二空是谓语动词，主语who和动词assign是被动关系，应用过去分词形式与was构成一般过去时的被动语态，故填assignment；assigned。 2. If you take this ________(assign), take it seriously and read the instructions. 【答案】assignment 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你接受了这个任务，请认真对待并阅读说明。此处为名词作宾语，assign的名词为assignment意为“任务”，空前有this修饰限制，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填assignment。 3. After graduation, Sally ________(assign) to teach English in a remote village and lived a simple life. 【答案】was assigned 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：毕业后，Sally被分配到一个偏远的村庄教英语，过着简朴的生活。此处为谓语动词，根据并列谓语动词lived可知，此处使用一般过去时，assign与主语Sally之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填was assigned。 4. The tasks have been ________(assign) to different groups. 【答案】assigned 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这些任务已分配给不同的小组。动词短语assign sth. to sb.意为“指派某事给某人，分配某事给某人”，assign和主语tasks之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。故填assigned。 考点8 expansion n. 扩展，扩大，膨胀；(想法、做事等的)详述 1. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded ________ the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. 【答案】on/upon 【详解】考查介词。句意：在威肯登的书中，她进一步阐述了西方的历史，也涉及到了女权主义，这当然影响了女孩们去埃尔克黑德的决定。expand on/upon“进一步阐述”为固定短语，符合句意。故填on/upon。 2. It is widely accepted that students’ vocabulary ________(expand) through extensive reading. 【答案】expands 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人们普遍认为学生的词汇量通过大量的阅读得到扩展。设空处在that引导的主语从句中作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时；从句主语是students’ vocabulary，在这个短语中，vocabulary是主语的核心名词，泛指学生的“词汇量”，因此动词用单数形式。此处应填动词expand的第三人称单数形式expands。故填expands。 3. After years of struggle, his company has expanded ________ a big one, with branches all over the country. 【答案】into 【详解】考查介词。句意：经过多年的奋斗，他的公司已发展成为一个大公司，在全国各地都设有分公司。固定短语“expand into”意为“扩大为”，故填into。 4. How can the pain be relieved by using that method? Could you expand ________ that point, please? 【答案】on/upon 【详解】考查介词。句意：用那种方法如何减轻疼痛？你能详细谈谈那一点吗？由句意空处应填介词on/upon，expand on/upon意为“详细阐述”，固定搭配。故填on/upon。 考点9 ban vt. 明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 n. 禁令 1. There should be a ban ________ talking loudly in the cinema. 【答案】on 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：应该禁止在电影院里大声说话。a ban on (doing) sth.是一个固定短语。意为：……的禁令。故填on。 2. Since the new mayor came to power, the use of single-use plastic bags ________(ban) in many cities to reduce environmental pollution. 【答案】has been banned 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：自从新市长上台以来，许多城市都禁止使用一次性塑料袋，以减少环境污染。根据时间状语从句Since the new mayor came to power可知，这里应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，还有可能继续下去。主语the use of single-use plastic bags和ban之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语的中心词是use，所以助动词应用has。故填has been banned。 3. Parking ________(ban) in front of the building. 【答案】is banned 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：大楼前禁止停车。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述通常性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，ban“禁止”和主语Parking之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是不可数名词，be动词应用is。故填is banned。 4. He ________(ban) from teaching permanently. 【答案】is banned 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：他被永久禁止教书。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，he和ban为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为he，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is banned。 考点10 the more…, the more… 1. 你读的书越多，你学到的知识就越多。(the more..., the more...) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The more books you read, the more knowledge you will gain. 【详解】考查the more..., the more...。分析句子可知，本句为the more..., the more...“越来......越来......”引导的比较状语从句。从句为一般现在时，主句为一般将来时。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：The more books you read, the more knowledge you will gain。 2.他越解释，我就越迷惑。(the more… the more…)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The more he explained, the more confused I became. 【详解】考查固定句型。根据汉语意思和提示可知本句应用比较级的固定句型the+比较级… the +比较级…，根据句意可知是一般过去时，他解释译为“he explained”，所以前半句为the more he explained，我迷惑译为“I became confused”，本句为形容词confused的比较级，所以放在固定句型里把confused提到主语前，因此后半句为 the more confused I became，故翻译为The more he explained, the more confused I became. 3. 在新冠疫情的这个特殊时期，高科技医疗技术变得越来越重要，然而功能越强大的医疗设备，操纵起来越困难。(the more… the more)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】During this special COVID-19 period, high-tech medical technology becomes increasingly important; however, the more powerful medical facilities are, the more difficult they are to operate. 【详解】考查动词、名词、形容词和固定句型。根据汉语可知，句子描述客观事实，时态宜用一般现在时。时间状语“在新冠疫情的这个特殊时期”可译为介词短语during this special COVID-19 period，主语“高科技医疗技术”可译为名词短语high-tech medical technology，是单数，系动词“变得”应译为动词becomes，表语“越来越重要”可译为increasingly important；“然而”可译为副词however，结合提示可知，“功能越强大的医疗设备，操纵起来越困难”应用the more… the more的固定句型，从句“功能越强大的医疗设备”可理解为“医疗设备功能越强大”，“功能越强大”应译为the more powerful，主语“医疗设备”应译为名词短语medical facilities，是复数，系动词用are；主句中“越困难”应译为the more difficult，主语用代词they，“操纵起来”可译为operate。故可译为：During this special COVID-19 period, high-tech medical technology becomes increasingly important; however, the more powerful medical facilities are, the more difficult they are to operate. 4. 毫无疑问，练得越多，你的英语口语就越流利。(the more……the more ……) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no doubt that the more you practice, the more fluently you can speak English. 【详解】考查固定句型，固定搭配和时态。根据句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“毫无疑问”是固定句型There is no doubt that...，that引导同位语从句；“越……越……”用固定句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，“练得越多”是the more you practice，“你的英语口语就越流利”是the more fluently you can speak English，故答案为There is no doubt that the more you practice, the more fluently you can speak English. 考点11 while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比 写出下列句中while的含义 ①The eagle kite is made of plastic while the butterfly kite is made of cloth. ________ ②While social media have some advantages, they might have bad impacts on teenagers. ________ ③She was cooking while she was keeping an eye on her baby sleeping in the cradle. ________ 【答案】①而，然而 ②虽然；尽管 ③当……的时候 【解析】①考查连词。句意：鹰风筝是塑料做的，而蝴蝶风筝是布做的。句中while是连词，意为“然而”，表示前后对比。故翻译为：而，然而。 ②考查连词。句意：虽然社交媒体有一些优势，但它们可能对青少年产生不良影响。句中while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。故翻译为：虽然，尽管。 ③考查连词。句意：她一边做饭，一边照看睡在摇篮里的婴儿。句中while为连词，引导时间状语从句，此处翻译“当……的时候”。故翻译为：当……的时候。 考点12 同位语从句 1. The question remains ________ the new policy will have a positive impact on the economy in the long run. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：新政策是否会对经济产生长远的积极影响的问题依然存在。“the new policy will have a positive impact on the economy in the long run”是对名词The question内容的解释说明，是同位语从句，结合句意，表示“是否”，应用whether引导该从句，故填whether。 2. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition ________________________. 87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由之中，献身于人人生而平等的理想。 【答案】that all men are created equal 【详解】考查同位语从句。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“人人生而平等的”，用同位语从句，说明先行词proposition的具体内容，“人人生而平等”是习语all men are created equal，是一般现在时的被动语态，从句中句意完整，且不缺少成分，所以此处使用that引导同位语从句。故填that all men are created equal。 考点13 同位语从句和定语从句的辨析 写出下列句子中黑体部分连接词引导的从句类型 ①The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. ②The idea that he gave surprises many people. ③The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. ④The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. ⑤Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test. ⑥Dad made a promise that excited all his children. ⑦I had no idea at all what I should do next. ⑧There is no proof whether he was killed by others. ⑨The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. ⑩This is the reason that he gave for his absence. 【答案】 ①同位语从句 ②定语从句 ③同位语从句 ④定语从句 ⑤同位语从句 ⑥定语从句 ⑦同位语从句 ⑧同位语从句 ⑨定语从句 ⑩定语从句 【解析】①考查同位语从句。句意：计算机能够识别人类声音的想法使许多人感到惊讶。that引导的从句说明的是先行词idea的具体内容，idea表示“想法”，是抽象名词，连接代词that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，因此that引导的是同位语从句，故答案为“同位语从句”。 ②考查定语从句。句意：他提出的想法使许多人吃惊。that引导的从句修饰先行词idea，先行词在从句中作宾语，因此that引导的是定语从句，故答案为“定语从句”。 ③考查同位语从句。句意：学生应该学习一些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。that引导的从句说明的是先行词suggestion的具体内容，suggestion表示“建议”，是抽象名词，连接代词that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，因此that引导的是同位语从句，故答案为“同位语从句”。 ④考查定语从句。句意：值得考虑的建议是学生们应该学习一些实用的东西。that引导的从句修饰先行词suggestion，先行词在从句中作主语，因此that引导的是定语从句，故答案为“定语从句”。 ⑤考查同位语从句。句意：爸爸答应我，如果我通过了英语考试，他就给我买一个CD播放机。that引导的从句说明的是先行词promise的具体内容，promise表示“承诺”，是抽象名词，连接代词that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，因此that引导的是同位语从句，故答案为“同位语从句”。 ⑥考查定语从句。句意：爸爸许下的诺言使他所有的孩子都很兴奋。that引导的从句修饰先行词promise，先行词在从句中作主语，因此that引导的是定语从句，故答案为“定语从句”。 ⑦考查同位语从句。句意：我完全不知道下一步该做什么。that引导的从句说明的是先行词idea的具体内容，idea表示“想法”，是抽象名词，连接代词that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，因此that引导的是同位语从句，故答案为“同位语从句”。 ⑧考查同位语从句。句意：没有证据表明他是否被他人杀害。that引导的从句说明的是先行词proof的具体内容，proof表示“证明”，是抽象名词，连接代词that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，因此that引导的是同位语从句，故答案为“同位语从句”。 ⑨考查定语从句。句意：他提出的第一个要求是要求自由。that引导的从句修饰先行词request，先行词在从句中作宾语，因此that引导的是定语从句，故答案为“定语从句”。 ⑩考查定语从句。句意：这就是他给出的缺席理由。that引导的从句修饰先行词reason，先行词在从句中作宾语，因此that引导的是定语从句，故答案为“定语从句”。 一、阅读理解 What year were you born in? Are you a dragon? That is to say, were you born in the Year of the Dragon? As we know, the Year of the Dragon has arrived with us for a while, and everyone is excited about talking about dragons. Many of them have noticed that more and more people are using the word “loong” instead of “dragon” in their daily life. Actually, the longs in Chinese culture, believe it or not, are far different from the dragons in Western culture. First, let’s talk about their origins (起源). Longs are connected to stars and rain. They are believed to have to do with the power of emperors in the past. Dragons, however, are related to floods and dangerous waters underground. Second, let’s dig into their stories. Longs are like messengers between the sky and the earth. They help out the rulers, who become kings because of them. Dragons, though, are troublemakers. They fight with the rulers and can even beat them! But as time passes, dragons lose their shine and heroes start killing them. Third, let’s look at what they mean. Since longs represent (代表) power, they are seen as a symbol of the emperor and an important part of ceremonies and traditions. Dragons, though, are bad news. They are a symbol of evil (恶), and beating the dragons is seen as a victory over evil. Lastly, let’s check out how they look. Longs are like a mix of animals, with heads like camels and necks like snakes. They don’t need wings to fly because they are already skilled at it. Dragons are more like snakes, living underground and causing problems. They don’t have wings either, but people add those to make them look more impressive. 1. Why does the writer start the passage by asking questions? A. To make a report. B. To do a survey. C. To introduce a normal year. D. To catch readers’ interests. 2. What are longs connected with according to the passage? A. Stars and the moon. B. The power of emperors. C. Troublemakers and evil. D. Dangerous waters underground. 3. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Rulers. B. Snakes. C. Heroes. D. Longs. 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. Longs have wings. B. Dragons are good news. C. Longs are used in ceremonies. D. Dragons’ heads are like camels. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“龙”与西方“dragon”的不同之处及其文化意义。通过清晰结构和比较法帮助读者理解龙在不同文化中承担的不同角色与意义。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“What year were you born in? Are you a dragon? That is to say, were you born in the Year of the Dragon?(你是哪一年出生的？你是龙吗？也就是说，你是龙年出生的吗？)”和第二段“As we know, the Year of the Dragon has arrived with us for a while, and everyone is excited about talking about dragons.(正如我们所知，龙年已经到来了一段时间，每个人都很兴奋地谈论龙)”可知，作者通过提问读者的生肖是否是龙来开头，是为了吸引读者的兴趣，从而引出下文关于中西文化中龙的不同之处的讨论。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Longs are connected to stars and rain. They are believed to have to do with the power of emperors in the past.(longs与星星和雨有关联。过去它们被认为与皇帝的权力有关)”可知，longs与星星和雨水有关联，并且过去被认为与皇帝的权力有关。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Longs are like messengers between the sky and the earth. They help out the rulers, who become kings because of them. Dragons, though, are troublemakers. They fight with the rulers and can even beat them! But as time passes, dragons lose their shine and heroes start killing them.(Longs就像天空与大地之间的信使。它们帮助统治者，统治者因此成为国君。然而，Dragons是麻烦制造者。他们与统治者斗争，甚至可以打败他们！但随着时间的流逝，Dragons失去了光芒，英雄们开始杀死它们。)”可知，此处的them指的是Rulers(统治者)。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Since longs represent (代表) power, they are seen as a symbol of the emperor and an important part of ceremonies and traditions.(由于longs代表着权力，它们被视为皇帝的象征，也是仪式和传统的重要组成部分)”可知，longs代表权力，被视为皇帝的象征，也是仪式和传统的重要组成部分。因此，我们可以从文章中了解到longs被用于仪式中。故选C。 二、七选五 In the Chinese lunar calendar, Sanfu refers to the three 10-day periods that are predicted to be the hottest days of the year, which are called Toufu, Zhongfu and Mofu. 1 . Let’s take a look at the traditional Chinese ways of spending the dog days of summer. Receiving the Sanfutie Sanfutie, or Sanfu medicinal patch, is a bandage made of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believe that receiving Sanfutie during the hottest summer days is effective for coughs, asthma(哮喘) and arthritis(关节炎); it is a patchwork solution for winter ills in summer. 2 Eating dumplings during Toufu When the dog days come, people tend to lose their appetites. Jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, can refresh people’s feelings toward food. Actually jiaozi is an all-time classic, with 2,000 years of history. Besides Sanfu, people eat it at Liqiu, the start of autumn, and Dongzhi, the start of winter. Eating noodles during Zhongfu 3 They are believed to help people sweat and relieve internal heat. Some time-honored noodle restaurants around China have increased their supply and launched new products. Eating Chinese egg pancake during Mofu As Mofu comes, the weather turns cool. And it is easy to get cold if a person keeps eating noodles drenched in sweat. People, especially those living in North China, customarily eat the Chinese egg pancake. 4 As the weather in Changsha, capital of Hunan province, is hot with heavy rainfall in summer, people there eat rooster during Sanfu, especially during Toufu. They believe that it can clear the damp. There is an old saying that goes “A rooster at the start of Sanfu, a healthy body the whole year.” Drinking mutton soup There is a custom in Southern Shandong province where people drink mutton soup during Sanfu, 5 Many people go to local restaurants to drink mutton soup, which is called “summer mutton soup”. A. Eating rooster. B. Clear the damp. C. Sanfu usually comes between mid-July to mid-August. D. Sanfutie is believed to be a supportive therapy to diseases. E. The second phase of Sanfu is traditionally a time for consuming noodles. F. People assume that mutton which is hot in nature can relieve internal cold. G. It has enjoyed a revival in recent years as more patients turn to TCM treatment. 【答案】1. C 2. G 3. E 4. A 5. F 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国农历中三伏天的传统习俗，包括贴三伏贴预防疾病、头伏吃饺子、中伏吃面条、末伏吃鸡蛋煎饼，以及湖南长沙吃公鸡、山东南部喝羊肉汤的地域特色，展示了中国人应对酷暑的独特方式和饮食文化。 1. 由上文“In the Chinese lunar calendar, Sanfu refers to the three 10-day periods that are predicted to be the hottest days of the year, which are called Toufu, Zhongfu and Mofu.(在中国农历中，“三伏”指的是预计一年中最热的三个10天，分别被称为“头伏”、“中伏”和“末伏”。)”可知，本段在介绍三伏天的概念，C选项“Sanfu usually comes between mid-July to mid-August.(三伏通常在七月中旬到八月中旬。)”是对三伏天具体时间的解释，符合题意。故选C。 2. 由上文“Sanfutie, or Sanfu medicinal patch, is a bandage made of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believe that receiving Sanfutie during the hottest summer days is effective for coughs, asthma (哮喘)and arthritis (关节炎); it is a patchwork solution for winter ills in summer.(三伏贴，或三伏药膏贴，是一种由中药制成的绷带。中医师认为，在最热的夏日接受三伏贴对于咳嗽、哮喘和关节炎有效；它是夏季治疗冬季疾病的良方。)”可知，本段介绍了三伏贴的功效，G选项“It has enjoyed a revival in recent years as more patients turn to TCM treatment.(近年来，随着越来越多的患者转向中医治疗，它(三伏贴)得到了复兴)”是对三伏贴现状的描述，符合题意。故选G。 3. 由小标题“Eating noodles during Zhongfu(中伏期间吃面条)”及后文“They are believed to help people sweat and relieve internal heat.(他们被认为可以帮助人们排汗，缓解内热。)”可知，本段在介绍中伏期间吃面条的传统，E选项“The second phase of Sanfu is traditionally a time for consuming noodles.(中伏的第二个阶段传统上是吃面条的时候)”符合题意。故选E。 4. 空格处是本段的小标题。由本段内容“As the weather in Changsha, capital of Hunan province, is hot with heavy rainfall in summer, people there eat rooster during Sanfu, especially during Toufu. They believe that it can clear the damp. There is an old saying that goes “A rooster at the start of Sanfu, a healthy body the whole year.”(由于湖南省会长沙夏季炎热多雨，当地人在三伏期间，尤其是在头伏，吃公鸡。他们相信这样可以清除湿气。有一句老话说，“头伏一只鸡，全年身体健”。)”可知，本段在介绍长沙地区三伏天吃鸡的习俗，A选项“Eating rooster.(吃鸡肉)”符合题意。故选A 。 5. 由上文“There is a custom in Southern Shandong province where people drink mutton soup during Sanfu(在山东南部有一个习俗，人们在三伏期间喝羊肉汤)”及后文“Many people go to local restaurants to drink mutton soup, which is called “summer mutton soup”(许多人去当地的餐馆喝羊肉汤，这被称为“夏日羊肉汤”。)”可知，本段在介绍山东南部地区三伏天喝羊肉汤的习俗，F选项“People assume that mutton which is hot in nature can relieve internal cold.(人们认为羊肉性热，可以缓解体内的寒气)”解释了喝羊肉汤的原因，符合题意。故选F。 三、完形填空 One girl is being praised for a letter of apology she wrote to the rangers(园林管理员) at the National Parks Service (NPS). She reportedly 1 a rock home. In expressing her 2 , the girl also returned the rock to the park. Later the NPS shared the letter on their Facebook page. “Dear Park Ranger, I 3 like Tom Branch Falls,” the girl, named Karina, began her letter. “I love it so much that I 4 to take a souvenir home.” “So I took a rock. I’m 5 , and I want to return it,” she said. The heartfelt letter 6 with a postscript(附言) of “also look at the back”—where the girl 7 a picture of Tom Branch Falls. 8 for Karina, the park rangers were 9 by her sincere apology and even 10 back. “Dear Karina, thank you for returning the rock! It has made its way back to Tom Branch Falls. If every 11 took a rock home, that would 12 11 million rocks would be gone from the park every year,” the park officials wrote in their Facebook post. “Now that you know to leave 13 the way you find it, we hope you will help share this 14 with others,” the officials wrote. “It is always a 15 thing to give others the chance to discover something meaningful!” 1. A. sent B. took C. bought D. hid 2. A. regret B. sadness C. happiness D. surprise 3. A. partly B. finally C. especially D. simply 4. A. wanted B. feared C. asked D. agreed 5. A. tired B. afraid C. sorry D. upset 6. A. changed B. developed C. arrived D. ended 7. A. cut B. drew C. hung D. found 8. A. Lucky B. Necessary C. Easy D. Possible 9. A. shocked B. excited C. puzzled D. moved 10. A. thought B. wrote C. called D. held 11. A. child B. visitor C. farmer D. student 12. A. show B. prove C. mean D. explain 13. A. life B. time C. space D. nature 14. A. message B. promise C. excuse D. example 15. A. hard B. secret C. strange D. great 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女孩因为喜欢汤姆·布兰奇瀑布，所以从公园带了一块岩石回家，后来感到后悔，归还了岩石，并写信向园林管理员道歉，园林管理员被她感动并给她回信，希望她向更多人传递保护自然景观的信息。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：据报道，她带了一块岩石回家。A. sent发送；B. took拿走，携带；C. bought买；D. hid藏。根据文章第三段关键句“So I took a rock.”可知，女孩是带了一块岩石回家，故空格处应用“took”。故选B项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在表示后悔的同时，女孩还把岩石送回了公园。A. regret后悔；B. sadness悲伤；C. happiness幸福；D. surprise惊讶。根据句中“the girl also returned the rock to the park”可知，女孩把岩石送回了公园，由此可知，她后悔把岩石带回家了，写信表达了自己的后悔。故选A项。 3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“亲爱的园林管理员，我特别喜欢汤姆·布兰奇瀑布，”这个名叫卡丽娜的女孩在信的开头写道。“我太喜欢它了，以至于我想带个纪念品回家。”A. partly部分地；B. finally最后；C. especially尤其，特别；D. simply只，仅仅。根据下文“I love it so much that I _____ to take a souvenir home.”和“So I took a rock.”可知，女孩太喜欢汤姆·布兰奇瀑布了，以至于她带了一块岩石回家，由此可知，女孩特别喜欢汤姆·布兰奇瀑布。故选C项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“亲爱的园林管理员，我特别喜欢汤姆·布兰奇瀑布，”这个名叫卡丽娜的女孩在信的开头写道。“我太喜欢它了，以至于我想带个纪念品回家。”A. wanted想要；B. feared害怕；C. asked询问；D. agreed同意。根据下文“So I took a rock.”可知，女孩带了一块岩石回家，由此可知，女孩是想要带个纪念品回家，所以带了一块岩石回家。故选A项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“所以我带走了一块岩石。对不起，我想把它还给你，”她说。A. tired疲倦的；B. afraid害怕的；C. sorry抱歉的；D. upset沮丧的。根据句中“I want to return it”可知，女孩想把岩石还回来，由此可知，她是对自己的行为感到后悔，在信中向园林管理员道歉，“I’m sorry”意为“对不起，我很抱歉”。故选C项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这封真诚的信以“也看看后面”的附言结尾，女孩在附言中画了一张汤姆·布兰奇瀑布的图片。A. changed改变；B. developed发展；C. arrived到达；D. ended结束。根据句中“a postscript”可知，附言应该是放在信末的，故应是以“也看看后面”的附言结尾，“end with…”意为“以……结束”。故选D项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这封真诚的信以“也看看后面”的附言结尾，女孩在附言中画了一张汤姆·布兰奇瀑布的图片。A. cut切，割；B. drew画；C. hung悬挂；D. found发现。根据空格后“a picture of Tom Branch Falls”可知，女孩应该是在信的后面画了一张汤姆·布兰奇瀑布的图片。故选B项。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡丽娜是幸运的，园林管理员被她真诚的道歉感动了，甚至给她回信了。A. Lucky幸运的；B. Necessary必要的；C. Easy容易的；D. Possible可能的。结合后文“Dear Karina, thank you for returning the rock!”可知，园林管理员原谅了卡丽娜并给她回信了，由此可知，卡丽娜是幸运的。故选A项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：卡丽娜是幸运的，园林管理员被她真诚的道歉感动了，甚至给她回信了。A. shocked使震惊；B. excited使激动；C. puzzled使困惑；D. moved使感动。结合后文“Dear Karina, thank you for returning the rock!”可知，园林管理员原谅了卡丽娜并给她回信了，由此可知，他们被她真诚的道歉感动了。故选D项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：卡丽娜是幸运的，园林管理员被她真诚的道歉感动了，甚至给她回信了。A. thought认为；B. wrote写信；C. called称呼；D. held举行。结合后文“Dear Karina, thank you for returning the rock!”可知，园林管理员给卡丽娜回信了，“write back”意为“回信”。故选B项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如果每位游客都带着一块岩石回家，那意味着每年公园里会有1100万块岩石消失，”公园官员在Facebook上的帖子中写道。A. child儿童；B. visitor游客；C. farmer农民；D. student学生。根据句中“11 million rocks would be gone from the park every year”可知，应该是公园每年的游客数量大约1100万，由此可知，应该是如果每位游客都带着一块岩石回家，不仅限于儿童、农民或学生。故选B项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果每位游客都带着一块岩石回家，那意味着每年公园里会有1100万块岩石消失，”公园官员在Facebook上的帖子中写道。A. show显示，表明；B. prove证明；C. mean意味着；D. explain解释。根据句中“If every _____ took a rock home”可知，公园每年的游客数量很多，如果每位游客都带着一块岩石回家，意味着每年会有1100万块岩石从公园里消失。故选C项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：官员们写道：“既然你知道要让大自然保持原样，我们希望你能帮助与别人分享这一信息。”A. life生命；B. time时间；C. space空间；D. nature大自然。根据上文内容可知，女孩拿走的岩石属于汤姆·布兰奇瀑布，由此可知，女孩把岩石还了回来，证明她知道要让大自然保持原样，不要因为自己的利益而破坏它。故选D项。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：官员们写道：“既然你知道要让大自然保持原样，我们希望你能帮助与别人分享这一信息。”A. message信息；B. promise承诺；C. excuse借口；D. example例子。根据句中“you know to leave _____ the way you find it”可知，官员们希望女孩能够和别人分享“让大自然保持原样”这个信息，呼吁人们不要因为自己的喜好破坏公园里的自然景观。故选A项。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“让别人有机会发现有意义的事情总是一件好事！”A. hard艰难的；B. secret秘密的；C. strange奇怪的；D. great好的，极好的。根据句中“give others the chance to discover something meaningful”可知，让别人有机会发现有意义的事情应该是一件好事，呼应了上文官员让女孩与别人分享保护公园自然景观这件事。故选D项。 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。 The Honghe Hani Rice Terraces (梯田), in southern Yunnan, China, cover a huge 16, 603-hectare area. The terraces, 1 (know) to all of the world now, were made out of a thick forest by the Hani people. The terraces rise at different angles from a shallow 15° 2 a steep(陡峭的) 75°, forming a wonderful landscape that 3 (be) rare in the world. In 2003,the terraced fields were 4 (official) recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural and Natural Heritage site. About 1, 300 years ago, the Hani people first 5 (come) to the steep mountains. They struggled against the difficult terrain (地形), successfully creating the terraces, where they grew rice in order to make 6 living. Over the past 1, 300 years, the Hani people have developed a complex system of channels 7 (bring) water from the forested mountaintops. They show great appreciation for natural phenomena such as rivers, mountains, the sun, fire and the moon. They have also created a complete farming system 8 involves cattle, ducks, and fish and supports the 9 (produce) of red rice, the area’s main crop. The landscape changes through the year. In April the terraces are all green as rice starts to grow; in later parts of the year it is yellowish brown as the rice ripens. In February, the terraces become bare earth, with the water 10 (reflect) the sky. 【答案】 1. known 2. to 3. is 4. officially 5. came 6. a 7. to bring 8. which/that 9. production 10. reflecting 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了被联合国教科文组织认定为世界文化和自然遗产的红河哈尼梯田的总体情况、悠久历史和重要作用。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在举世闻名的红河哈尼梯田，是哈尼族人民在茂密的森林里建造的。句中已有谓语动词were made，空处用非谓语，The terraces和动词know是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填known。 2. 考查介词。句意：梯田从15度的缓坡到75度的峭壁以不同的角度上升，形成了世界上罕见的美妙景观。from...to...“从……到……”，故填to。 3. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：同上。此处描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语that指代先行词a wonderful landscape，表示单数意义，故填is。 4. 考查副词。句意：2003年，红河哈尼梯田被联合国教科文组织正式认定为世界文化和自然遗产。修饰动词recognized用副词，故填officially。 5. 考查一般过去时。句意：大约在1300年前，哈尼族人第一次来到这陡峭的山脉。根据1,300 years ago可知用一般过去时，故填came。 6. 考查冠词。句意：他们与艰难的地形作斗争，成功地创造了梯田，在那里他们种植水稻以谋生。make a living“谋生”，固定短语，故填a。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的1300年里，哈尼族开发了一个复杂的渠道系统，从森林覆盖的山顶引水。句中已有谓语动词，空处用非谓语，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，故填to bring。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：他们还创建了一个完整的农业系统，包括牛、鸭和鱼，并支持该地区的主要作物红米的生产。空处引导定语从句，先行词是farming system，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。 9. 考查名词。句意：同上。空处作supports的宾语且由the修饰，应用名词production，为不可数名词，故填production。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：二月，梯田变成了光秃秃的土地，水面反射着天空。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，reflect和宾语the water之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作宾补，故填reflecting。 五、写作 1. 应用文写作 世界历史文化名城博览会每两年在南京举办一次。该博览会针对自然遗产和文化遗产面临的各种危机，呼吁大家一起保护世界遗产。请你代表主办方，用英文写一封倡议书，内容包括： 1. 世界遗产的重要性； 2. 保护措施； 3. 发出倡议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Respected All, In response to the call of the World Historical and Cultural City Expo, I call on you to protect our world heritage sites. These sites are invaluable treasures shared by all humanity, bearing testament to our history, culture, and nature. They are irreplaceable resources. If they are damaged or lost, they can never be restored. Thus, we bear a responsibility to take action and protect these precious legacies. We can protect them through several aspects. First, we can enact stricter laws and regulations to ensure the safety and integrity of world heritage sites. Moreover, we can enhance public awareness and conservation spirits towards world heritage through education and publicity. Let us all take action and contribute our part to protecting world heritage! 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“世界历史文化名城博览会每两年在南京举办一次”一事，代表主办方，用英文写一封倡议书，呼吁大家一起保护世界遗产。 【详解】1.词汇积累 呼吁：call on → appeal to 保护：protect → preserve 此外：moreover → what’s more 采取行动：take action → make a move 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：First, we can enact stricter laws and regulations to ensure the safety and integrity of world heritage sites. Moreover, we can enhance public awareness and conservation spirits towards world heritage through education and publicity. 拓展句：Not only can we enact stricter laws and regulations to ensure the safety and integrity of world heritage sites, but also we can enhance public awareness and conservation spirits towards world heritage through education and publicity. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】These sites are invaluable treasures shared by all humanity, bearing testament to our history, culture, and nature. (运用了过去分词作定语和现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】If they are damaged or lost, they can never be restored. (运用了If引导的条件状语从句) 读后续写 阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, I moved to America with my parents. As I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer the same. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. Meanwhile, the food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was such a diverse collection of foods that I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language. Of course, I managed to enjoy nice food and learn the importance of accepting diversity. In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. So the lessons I learned stuck in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I chose to volunteer in a government agency in New York, where new immigrants much like me in the lunch line flooded in our office seeking help. My work was to help them and I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to communicate before I learned English. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages and to be able to see diversity. My work also helped to expand my mind in many ways and offered me a chance to understand the joint efforts of society to preserve diversity.   注意：续写词数应为150左右。 For example, I’ve learned there are a number of social programs. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 For example, I’ve learned there are a number of social programs. They are designed to help new immigrants adapt to their new lives in America. These programs offer language classes, job training, and cultural orientation sessions to ease the transition. Seeing these initiatives in action has deepened my appreciation for the value of community support and the importance of preserving one’s cultural identity while integrating into a new society. I am grateful that I have the chance to experience diverse culture and at the same to help others in my own way. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused. Instead, I feel a profound sense of belonging and pride in this mosaic of cultures. The diverse faces and varied cuisines that once seemed overwhelming now represent the beauty of human connection and the richness of our shared experiences. Each encounter with someone from a different background serves as a reminder of the strength found in our differences, and the endless opportunities for growth they provide. 【语篇解读】本文以人物为线索展开，本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者从意大利移民到美国，在多元文化中努力适应、学会包容，并通过志愿工作助力移民的经历与感悟。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“例如，我了解到有许多社会项目。”可知，第一段可描写作者想到多种社会项目对帮助人们适应美国的生活起到的作用。 ②由第二段首句内容“今天走在布鲁克林的街道上，我不再感到困惑。”可知，第二段可描写作者找到了归属感和自豪感以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：想到社会项目——它们的作用——社区支持的意义——有了归属感——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①适应：adapt to/adjust to ②保持；保存：preserve/conserve ③担任；充当：serve as/act as 情绪类 ①感激的：grateful/thankful ②困惑的：confused/puzzled 【点睛】 [高分句型1]Seeing these initiatives in action has deepened my appreciation for the value of community support and the importance of preserving one’s cultural identity while integrating into a new society.(运用了动名词短语作主语和while引导的状语从句的省略) [高分句型2]The diverse faces and varied cuisines that once seemed overwhelming now represent the beauty of human connection and the richness of our shared experiences.(运用了关系代词that引导的定语从句) ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲 Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites(选择必修三) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用与常见的遗产保护与破坏相关的词汇、语法等知识； 文化意识：了解世界遗产的基本情况及其面临的危险，意识到保护遗产的重要性； 思维品质：能把握讲座文稿的篇章结构，了解对世界遗产造成损坏的原因； 学习能力：培养合作学习意识，乐于分享与“遗产保护”相关的学习资源，主动开展课外学习。 单元知识点 单元词汇 1. preserve vt. 保护，维护，保存；维持 n. 保护区 [教材原句]If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. 如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。 (1)preserve sb./sth.from sth. 保护某人/某物免受…… (2)nature preserve 自然保护区 (3)well­preserved adj. 保存良好的 preserved adj. 保藏的；腌制的 preservation n. 保护 2. urgent adj. 紧急的；紧迫的；催促的，急切的 [教材原句]Unfortunately, they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection. 很遗憾，它们正面临各种危险，其中多处急需保护。 (1)urgency n. 紧急；迫切 (2)urge vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事 urge sth.on sb. 极力主张某人某事 it is urged that...(should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事 feel/have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事 3. ruin vt. 毁坏，破坏；使破产，毁灭 n. 毁灭，毁坏；破产；残垣断壁 [教材原句]Natural disasters, the sudden and powerful natural forces，can lead to the destruction of heritage sites: in 2003，a terrible earthquake shook south­eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam, an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site. 自然灾害这种突发而强大的自然力会破坏遗产地：2003年，一场可怕的地震袭击了伊朗东南部，摧毁了巴姆古城的大部分地区。该古城是一处令人叹为观止的联合国教科文组织文化遗产地。 (1)ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉 (2)be/lie in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪 fall/go/come into ruin 毁灭；败落 4. conflict n. (军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi.冲突，抵触 [教材原句]In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose. 在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区，战士甚至会故意炸毁遗产地。 in conflict with...over... 在……上与……有冲突/争执 come into conflict with... 与……发生冲突/发生争执/发生矛盾 conflict with... 与……有冲突，与……相抵触 5. assess vt. 评估，评定；估算 [教材原句]For years，a panel of specialists discussed and assessed different means of repairing the pagoda. 多年来，一个专家小组讨论并评估了修复这座宝塔的不同方法。 (1)assess sth.at... 对……估价为…… (2)assessment n. 看法，评价，评定 assessor n. 顾问；评判员 6. consultation n. 咨询，商讨；就诊 [教材原句]After close consultation with the specialists，the local government couldn't agree on how to make the repairs safely. 经过与专家们的密切协商，当地政府未能就如何安全地进行修理达成一致意见。 (1)consult vi. 咨询；商量，商议vt.咨询，向……请教；商量 consult (with) sb.about/on sth. 向某人咨询/请教某事；就某事和某人商量 consult a dictionary 查阅字典 (2)consultant n. 顾问；会诊医师 7. suspend vt. 暂停；悬，挂 [教材原句]Therefore，the repair work was suspended. 因此，维修工作暂停了。 suspend sb.from sth. 使某人暂时停学/停职 suspend sth.from sth. 将某物悬挂于…… 8. pursue vt. 追求，致力于，执行；追逐 [教材原句]The three countries jointly pursued an application for UNESCO World Heritage status. 这三个国家联合致力于申报联合国教科文组织世界遗产。 (1)pursue one's dream/goal/degree/career 追求某人的梦想/目标/学位/事业 (2)pursuit n. 追求 in pursuit of 追求，寻求 in hot pursuit 紧紧追赶，穷追不舍 9. submit vt. & vi. 提交，呈递；屈服 [教材原句]They submitted the proposal which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor. 他们递交了提案，其中包括对廊道沿线33处遗址的详细研究。 (1)submit...to... 向……提交…… submit to 服从于；屈从于 submit sb./oneself to 使某人甘受……；服从…… (2)submission n. 提交，呈递；屈服，顺从 in submission to 顺从……，服从……，听从…… (3)submissive adj. 唯命是从的，顺从的 [名师点津]在submit...to...中，submit是及物动词，意为“提交”；而在submit to中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从”。 10. assign vt. 指定，指派；分配；确定 [教材原句]Assigned by the emperor，the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang'an to Central Asia, seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. 使者张骞奉旨由长安城出发，长途跋涉至中亚地区，力求搭建汉朝和西域沟通的桥梁。 (1)assign sth.to sb.(＝assign sb.sth.) 把某物分配/布置给某人 assign sb. to... 委派某人去…… assign sb.to do sth. 派遣某人去做某事 (2)assignment n. (分配的)任务，工作；分派，布置 11. expansion n. 扩展，扩大，膨胀；(想法、做事等的)详述 [教材原句]All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods, knowledge and ideas. 所有这些活动都催生了一个发展的大时代，因为贸易往来和文化交流使人们接触到了新商品、新知识和新观念。 (1)expand vt. & vi. 扩大，增强，增加；扩展 expand one's vocabulary 扩大某人的词汇量 expand into (使……)扩大成…… expand on/upon 详述，详细阐明 (2)expandable adj. 可扩大的，可放大的 12. ban vt. 明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 n. 禁令 [教材原句]The introduction of non­native species is banned. 禁止引进非本地物种。 (1)ban sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 ban doing sth. 禁止做某事 (2)a ban on... 关于……的禁令 put a ban on 禁止 单元句型 1. the more…, the more… [教材原句]The_more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites，the_more likely we are to treat them with respect. 我们越明白遗产地突出的普遍价值，就越可能会尊重它们。 (1)“the＋比较级. .., the＋比较级. ..”， 表示“越……，越……”，其中的比较级可用形容词的比较级，也可用副词的比较级； (2)“the＋比较级. ..，the＋比较级. ..”， 表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，前一分句相当于条件状语从句，后一分句相当于主句，意为“越……，越……”； (3)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化； (4)“more and more＋多音节或部分双音节形容词/副词原级”，表示“越来越……”。 2. while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比 [教材原句]China's exports included silk, china and tea, while horses, wool，cotton and grapes were all imported over vast distances along the network. 中国出口丝绸、瓷器和茶叶，而马匹、羊毛织物、棉花织物和葡萄则不远万里沿着路网运到中国。 while作连词的用法： (1)作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”，用来连接两个并列句； (2)作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，从句谓语动词应用延续性动词； (3)作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，从句常位于主句前面。 【巩固练习】 I.根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1. The rain stopped and the sun e________ from behind the clouds. 2. At the age of 14, he decided to p________ a career as a musician. 3. People trapped in the c_______ building in the earthquake were rescued. 4. The victims in the floodstricken areas are in u________ need of assistance. 5. The prize went to him in r_______ of his achievement in the field of medicine. 6. Children who still can’t do ________(除法) will have extra classes. 7. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience ________(打断) him. 8. There’s a ________(预报) of cooler weather towards the end of the week. 9. The flight to New York had to be ________(暂停) because of the pandemic. 10. Most incidents of domestic ________(暴力) are never reported to the police. II.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 take shape　 play an important role in wear and tear　 at risk take one’s breath away　 in recognition of be at the top of the agenda 1. Parents ________________ in their child’s learning.  2. The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal ________________.  3. She was awarded an honourary degree ________________ her work in the community.  4.The past few months have seen the state’s health insurance legislation begin to ________________.  5. The subject of safety must be placed ________________ for this afternoon’s meeting.   III.完成句子 1.________________________, the more frightened we got. 离熊越近，我们就越害怕。 2.________________________ you (should) be exposed to different cultures to broaden your horizons. 你有必要接触不同的文化以开阔你的视野。 3.________________________ the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.(过去分词作原因状语) 由于受到外面噪音的惊吓，小女孩不敢在她的卧室睡觉了。 4. The reason Hollywood was a good place for making movies was________________________. 好莱坞是拍电影的好地方，原因是那里天天有太阳。 5.________________________, you had better consult your teacher about the problem. 如果是这样,你最好向你的老师请教这个问题。 单元语法 考点1 that引导的同位语从句 that引导同位语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略，也不可用which替换。 This leads Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating.这让琼斯得出结论，他的社区里有太多极度孤独的人，他们很容易成为被欺骗的目标。 考点2 whether引导的同位语从句 whether引导同位语从句时不充当任何句子成分，表示“是否”，不可以用if替换。 The question came up at the meeting whether we could get enough support for our research.会议上提出了我们的研究是否能够得到足够的支持的问题。 考点3 连接代词引导的同位语从句 常见的引导同位语从句的连接代词有who，what等，引导同位语从句时保留自身的含义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当成分(作主语、宾语等)。 I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.我不知道那个男孩现在正在隔壁房间里干什么。 考点4 连接副词引导的同位语从句 常见的引导同位语从句的连接副词有when, where, how，why。它们在从句中作状语。 They haven't settled the question where they are going to spend their summer vacation this summer.他们还没有解决今年到哪里过暑假的问题。 I have no idea why the cell phone isn't working，so could you fix it for me？我不知道手机为什么不能用了，你能帮我修一下吗？ 考点5 同位语从句的注意事项 1. 有时同位语从句并不紧跟在它所要解释的词的后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子的结构显得平衡，这在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。 Word has spread on campus that some American students will come to our college for a visit next week.一些美国学生下周要来我们学院参观的消息已经在校园里传开了。 2. 表示建议、命令、要求等的名词(如suggestion, order, demand，command，request，advice等)后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可以省略。 The officer gave an order that his soldiers (should) fight back bravely.军官命令士兵们勇敢反击。 3. 名词doubt(怀疑)用于肯定句时，其后的同位语从句用whether引导；用于否定句时，其后的同位语从句用that引导。 There is no doubt that you are qualified enough and experienced in presenting your ideas, because of your abundant skills.毫无疑问，因为你丰富的技能，所以你有足够的资格和经验来表达你的想法。 We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们有点怀疑，他们是否能按时完成任务。 【巩固练习】 (1)It is well known ________ cultural heritage represents human civilization. (2)People will ask ________ his paintings have awed and amazed the public for half a century. (3)We shouldn’t ignore the fact ________ in some places cultural relics and heritage sites are damaged or ruined. (4)There is no doubt ________ it is urgent to preserve these cultural relics and heritage sites. (5)It is doubtful ________ the pyramids will ever stand natural wear and tear. (6)The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be put off. (7)There’s a possibility ________ we will travel to Europe this summer vacation. (8)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. (9)The proposal ________ we should send another satellite into space is to be discussed at the meeting. (10)It is incredible ________ little we know about the universe. 单元写作 写一篇保护文化遗产的倡议书 本单元的写作任务是写一篇保护文化遗产的倡议书。倡议书是应用文的一种,一般首先写明倡议书的背景原因和目的,然后写明倡议的具体内容和要求,结尾往往要表示倡议者的决心和希望。 典题分析 假定你是李华,在世界文化和自然遗产日(World Cultural and Natural Heritage Day)到来之前,请你用英文写一个保护文化和自然遗产的倡议书。内容包括:1.倡议的目的; 2.倡议的内容。 注意: 词数80左右。 【语篇解读】 体裁：倡议书(保护文化遗产) 时态：一般现在时 人称：第一，三人称 框架：第一段：提出倡议的原因。 第二段：倡议书的具体内容。 第三段：表达自己的愿望。 【参考范文】 Dear everyone, The World Cultural and Natural Heritage Day is approaching and in order to raise people’s awareness of the protection of cultural and natural heritage, I propose that we make the following survey. Firstly, find out how many cultural and natural heritage sites there are in your area.Secondly, learn about the significance of these local cultural and natural heritage sites.Lastly, find out what local safeguards are in place. It is hoped that the proposal will make us more aware of the importance of our cultural and natural heritage, thus raising our awareness of conservation. Li Hua [写作迁移] 为了配合学校即将开展的以“保护中国文化遗产”为主题的活动，请你代表校学生会给校英语宣传栏写一封倡议书。内容包括： 1. 倡议目的； 2. 具体措施； 3. 发出倡议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Preserving China’s Cultural Heritage _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 考点1 preserve vt. 保护，维护，保存；维持 n. 保护区 1. The famous paintings by Xu Beihong were in an excellent state of ________(preserve) in the museum. 2. It is crucial ________(preserve) ancient artifacts so that future generations can learn about their history. 3. Our ultimate goal must be the ________(preserve) of the environment. 考点2 urgent adj. 紧急的；紧迫的；催促的，急切的 1. There are a lot of old people waiting there ________(urgent) to purchase organic vegetables. 2. ________ is most urgent that the patient should get to hospital. 考点3 ruin vt. 毁坏，破坏；使破产，毁灭 n. 毁灭，毁坏；破产；残垣断壁 1. It has rained for two weeks, completely ________(ruin) our holiday. 2. With a history of more than 2,000 years, some sections of the Great Wall are now ________ ruins or even have disappeared. 3. The empty house in the village fell ________ ruin without anyone living there. 考点4 conflict n. (军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致 vi. 冲突，抵触 1. She found herself ________ conflict with her parents over her future career. 2. When a robot’s behavior conflicts ________ the orders given by human beings, it will pose a threat to human existence. 3. My mother always feels ________(conflict) about the choices before her. 考点5 assess vt. 评估，评定；估算 1. What’s your ________(assess) of her chances of winning? 2. ________(assess) different means of repairing the pagoda for months, a panel of specialists got down to the repair work. 3. The doctor made an ________(assess) of the damage and said he must have an operation immediately. 考点6 consultation n. 咨询，商讨；就诊 1. After the clinical examination, the ________(consult) invited his students to put forward any suggestions they had kicked about the nature of the disease. 2. Have you ever ________(consultant) your lawyer about the case in advance? 3. You shouldn’t have done it without ________(consult) me. 4. I finally chose the present ________ consultation with my friends. 考点7. assign vt. 指定，指派；分配；确定 1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first ________ at the office of a popular English newspaper, who was ________ as a chief editor. (assign) 2. If you take this ________(assign), take it seriously and read the instructions. 3. After graduation, Sally ________(assign) to teach English in a remote village and lived a simple life. 4. The tasks have been ________(assign) to different groups. 考点8 expansion n. 扩展，扩大，膨胀；(想法、做事等的)详述 1. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded ________ the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. 2. It is widely accepted that students’ vocabulary ________(expand) through extensive reading. 3. After years of struggle, his company has expanded ________ a big one, with branches all over the country. 4. How can the pain be relieved by using that method? Could you expand ________ that point, please? 考点9 ban vt. 明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 n. 禁令 1. There should be a ban ________ talking loudly in the cinema. 2. Since the new mayor came to power, the use of single-use plastic bags ________(ban) in many cities to reduce environmental pollution. 3. Parking ________(ban) in front of the building. 4. He ________(ban) from teaching permanently. 考点10 the more…, the more… 1. 你读的书越多，你学到的知识就越多。(the more..., the more...) ________________________________________________________________ 2.他越解释，我就越迷惑。(the more… the more…)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 3. 在新冠疫情的这个特殊时期，高科技医疗技术变得越来越重要，然而功能越强大的医疗设备，操纵起来越困难。(the more… the more)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 4. 毫无疑问，练得越多，你的英语口语就越流利。(the more……the more ……) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 考点11 while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比 写出下列句中while的含义 ①The eagle kite is made of plastic while the butterfly kite is made of cloth. ________ ②While social media have some advantages, they might have bad impacts on teenagers. ________ ③She was cooking while she was keeping an eye on her baby sleeping in the cradle. ________ 考点12 同位语从句 1. The question remains ________ the new policy will have a positive impact on the economy in the long run. 2. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition ________________________. 87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由之中，献身于人人生而平等的理想。 考点13 同位语从句和定语从句的辨析 写出下列句子中黑体部分连接词引导的从句类型 ①The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. ②The idea that he gave surprises many people. ③The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. ④The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. ⑤Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test. ⑥Dad made a promise that excited all his children. ⑦I had no idea at all what I should do next. ⑧There is no proof whether he was killed by others. ⑨The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. ⑩This is the reason that he gave for his absence. 一、阅读理解 What year were you born in? Are you a dragon? That is to say, were you born in the Year of the Dragon? As we know, the Year of the Dragon has arrived with us for a while, and everyone is excited about talking about dragons. Many of them have noticed that more and more people are using the word “loong” instead of “dragon” in their daily life. Actually, the longs in Chinese culture, believe it or not, are far different from the dragons in Western culture. First, let’s talk about their origins (起源). Longs are connected to stars and rain. They are believed to have to do with the power of emperors in the past. Dragons, however, are related to floods and dangerous waters underground. Second, let’s dig into their stories. Longs are like messengers between the sky and the earth. They help out the rulers, who become kings because of them. Dragons, though, are troublemakers. They fight with the rulers and can even beat them! But as time passes, dragons lose their shine and heroes start killing them. Third, let’s look at what they mean. Since longs represent (代表) power, they are seen as a symbol of the emperor and an important part of ceremonies and traditions. Dragons, though, are bad news. They are a symbol of evil (恶), and beating the dragons is seen as a victory over evil. Lastly, let’s check out how they look. Longs are like a mix of animals, with heads like camels and necks like snakes. They don’t need wings to fly because they are already skilled at it. Dragons are more like snakes, living underground and causing problems. They don’t have wings either, but people add those to make them look more impressive. 1. Why does the writer start the passage by asking questions? A. To make a report. B. To do a survey. C. To introduce a normal year. D. To catch readers’ interests. 2. What are longs connected with according to the passage? A. Stars and the moon. B. The power of emperors. C. Troublemakers and evil. D. Dangerous waters underground. 3. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Rulers. B. Snakes. C. Heroes. D. Longs. 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. Longs have wings. B. Dragons are good news. C. Longs are used in ceremonies. D. Dragons’ heads are like camels. 二、七选五 In the Chinese lunar calendar, Sanfu refers to the three 10-day periods that are predicted to be the hottest days of the year, which are called Toufu, Zhongfu and Mofu. 1 . Let’s take a look at the traditional Chinese ways of spending the dog days of summer. Receiving the Sanfutie Sanfutie, or Sanfu medicinal patch, is a bandage made of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believe that receiving Sanfutie during the hottest summer days is effective for coughs, asthma(哮喘) and arthritis(关节炎); it is a patchwork solution for winter ills in summer. 2 Eating dumplings during Toufu When the dog days come, people tend to lose their appetites. Jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, can refresh people’s feelings toward food. Actually jiaozi is an all-time classic, with 2,000 years of history. Besides Sanfu, people eat it at Liqiu, the start of autumn, and Dongzhi, the start of winter. Eating noodles during Zhongfu 3 They are believed to help people sweat and relieve internal heat. Some time-honored noodle restaurants around China have increased their supply and launched new products. Eating Chinese egg pancake during Mofu As Mofu comes, the weather turns cool. And it is easy to get cold if a person keeps eating noodles drenched in sweat. People, especially those living in North China, customarily eat the Chinese egg pancake. 4 As the weather in Changsha, capital of Hunan province, is hot with heavy rainfall in summer, people there eat rooster during Sanfu, especially during Toufu. They believe that it can clear the damp. There is an old saying that goes “A rooster at the start of Sanfu, a healthy body the whole year.” Drinking mutton soup There is a custom in Southern Shandong province where people drink mutton soup during Sanfu, 5 Many people go to local restaurants to drink mutton soup, which is called “summer mutton soup”. A. Eating rooster. B. Clear the damp. C. Sanfu usually comes between mid-July to mid-August. D. Sanfutie is believed to be a supportive therapy to diseases. E. The second phase of Sanfu is traditionally a time for consuming noodles. F. People assume that mutton which is hot in nature can relieve internal cold. G. It has enjoyed a revival in recent years as more patients turn to TCM treatment. 三、完形填空 One girl is being praised for a letter of apology she wrote to the rangers(园林管理员) at the National Parks Service (NPS). She reportedly 1 a rock home. In expressing her 2 , the girl also returned the rock to the park. Later the NPS shared the letter on their Facebook page. “Dear Park Ranger, I 3 like Tom Branch Falls,” the girl, named Karina, began her letter. “I love it so much that I 4 to take a souvenir home.” “So I took a rock. I’m 5 , and I want to return it,” she said. The heartfelt letter 6 with a postscript(附言) of “also look at the back”—where the girl 7 a picture of Tom Branch Falls. 8 for Karina, the park rangers were 9 by her sincere apology and even 10 back. “Dear Karina, thank you for returning the rock! It has made its way back to Tom Branch Falls. If every 11 took a rock home, that would 12 11 million rocks would be gone from the park every year,” the park officials wrote in their Facebook post. “Now that you know to leave 13 the way you find it, we hope you will help share this 14 with others,” the officials wrote. “It is always a 15 thing to give others the chance to discover something meaningful!” 1. A. sent B. took C. bought D. hid 2. A. regret B. sadness C. happiness D. surprise 3. A. partly B. finally C. especially D. simply 4. A. wanted B. feared C. asked D. agreed 5. A. tired B. afraid C. sorry D. upset 6. A. changed B. developed C. arrived D. ended 7. A. cut B. drew C. hung D. found 8. A. Lucky B. Necessary C. Easy D. Possible 9. A. shocked B. excited C. puzzled D. moved 10. A. thought B. wrote C. called D. held 11. A. child B. visitor C. farmer D. student 12. A. show B. prove C. mean D. explain 13. A. life B. time C. space D. nature 14. A. message B. promise C. excuse D. example 15. A. hard B. secret C. strange D. great 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。 The Honghe Hani Rice Terraces (梯田), in southern Yunnan, China, cover a huge 16, 603-hectare area. The terraces, 1 (know) to all of the world now, were made out of a thick forest by the Hani people. The terraces rise at different angles from a shallow 15° 2 a steep(陡峭的) 75°, forming a wonderful landscape that 3 (be) rare in the world. In 2003,the terraced fields were 4 (official) recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural and Natural Heritage site. About 1, 300 years ago, the Hani people first 5 (come) to the steep mountains. They struggled against the difficult terrain (地形), successfully creating the terraces, where they grew rice in order to make 6 living. Over the past 1, 300 years, the Hani people have developed a complex system of channels 7 (bring) water from the forested mountaintops. They show great appreciation for natural phenomena such as rivers, mountains, the sun, fire and the moon. They have also created a complete farming system 8 involves cattle, ducks, and fish and supports the 9 (produce) of red rice, the area’s main crop. The landscape changes through the year. In April the terraces are all green as rice starts to grow; in later parts of the year it is yellowish brown as the rice ripens. In February, the terraces become bare earth, with the water 10 (reflect) the sky. 五、写作 1. 应用文写作 世界历史文化名城博览会每两年在南京举办一次。该博览会针对自然遗产和文化遗产面临的各种危机，呼吁大家一起保护世界遗产。请你代表主办方，用英文写一封倡议书，内容包括： 1. 世界遗产的重要性； 2. 保护措施； 3. 发出倡议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 读后续写 阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, I moved to America with my parents. As I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer the same. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. Meanwhile, the food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was such a diverse collection of foods that I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language. Of course, I managed to enjoy nice food and learn the importance of accepting diversity. In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. So the lessons I learned stuck in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I chose to volunteer in a government agency in New York, where new immigrants much like me in the lunch line flooded in our office seeking help. My work was to help them and I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to communicate before I learned English. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages and to be able to see diversity. My work also helped to expand my mind in many ways and offered me a chance to understand the joint efforts of society to preserve diversity.   注意：续写词数应为150左右。 For example, I’ve learned there are a number of social programs. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 15 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$