精品解析：2025届上海市青浦区高三上学期一模考试英语试题

2024学年第一学期青浦区高三年级期终学业质量调研 英语学科 试卷 （时间105分钟，满分115分） 2024.12 考生注意： 1．本试卷共10页。 2．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。 3．答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Washing Fruit Before Eating doesn’t Remove Pesticides (杀虫剂) Do you wash fruit before putting it into your mouth? If your answer is yes, the following news may well be ___1___ (disappoint) to you. Using specific imaging technology to see ___2___ pesticides affected apples, scientists found distribution of pesticides in the apple skin and flesh layers, confirming that the pesticides pass through the skin layer into the flesh layer, according to a report published recently in America. “Thus, the risk of pesticide intake from fruits cannot be avoided by simple washing other than peeling, which means taking the skin off fruits.” The study’s authors said they were not looking to scare ___3___ about the presence of pesticides in their food, but they want to provide guidance on how to avoid them. This study, ___4___ (situate) within the expansive research area of food safety, attempts to provide consumers with health guidance,” said Dongdong Ye, professor at Anhui Agricultural University and study author. ___5___ bringing up unnecessary anxiety, the research assumes that peeling can effectively wipe out nearly all pesticide left. This contrasts with the practice of washing, which ___6___ (recommend) frequently. As the report says, “traditional fruit-cleaning operations cannot wholly remove pesticides,” but “considering that the flesh layer lost during peeling was a great deal ___7___ (large) than 0.03mm, we believe that the peeling operation can effectively avoid the dangers of pesticides in the fruit’s skin ___8___ the probability of taking in pesticides can be reduced.” According to the most recent report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, “before allowing a pesticide ___9___ (use) on a food product, the Environmental Protection Agency sets limits on how much of the pesticide may be used on food during growing, processing, and storage, and how much can remain on the food ____10____ reaches the consumer.” Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A currently B. elsewhere C. conducting D. instantly E. curved F. total G. civilians H. waves I. crewed J. set K. previous Record Number of People in Space It’s “rush hour” in Earth orbit at the moment. We’ve reached a record number of humans in space NASA announces. Crew onboard the Russian Soyuz capsule, a flight to the International Space Station (ISS) that took place on Sept. 11, became record-breaking space residents this week, as the number ___11___ up to the now 19 humans living and working in space. A US astronaut and two Russian astronauts have joined nine others ___12___ onboard the ISS, and the two astronauts enjoying an extended stay, Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams. There are three “taikonauts” ___13___ in orbit — Ye Guangfu Li Cong, and Li Guangsu — onboard the Chinese Tiangong Space Station. There are also four ___14___ in orbit — Jared Isaacman, Scott Poteet, Sarah Gillis, and Anna Menon — who are taking part in SpaceX’s Polaris Dawn mission, and just carried out the first-ever private space walk at their own expense. With the amount of 19 humans, it beats the ___15___ record for the most amount of humans in Earth’s orbit at one time. That record was ___16___ last year in May 2023 when 17 people were in orbit, including astronaut Frank Rubio who was also on an unplanned extended stay. Bear in mind that the episode of the present time is not the record for the largest number of people in space. Using the US definition of space at 80 kilometers (50 miles), that record was broken in May 2023 when a(n) ___17___ of 20 people were in space. This involved people on the ISS and the Tiangong space station, plus two private sub-orbital space ventures by Virgin and Axiom Space. Sub-orbital flights do not orbit the Earth. Instead, they follow a(n) ___18___ trajectory (轨迹) that reaches the edge of space and then fall back to Earth. But back to September 2024, the present Polaris Dawn mission is particularly novel and exciting. Traveling in a Crew Dragon spacecraft is the furthest distance from Earth that a(n) ___19___ vehicle has flown since the era of the Apollo program in the 1960s and early 1970s. Gillis and Menon also earn the record for the furthest a woman has ever flown from Earth. On September 12, the Polaris Dawn mission made even more history by ___20___ the first spacewalk ever attempted by private citizens using SpaceX’s newly designed spacesuits. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Ever wondered why you reach for a snack after hitting the gym? Research shows that physical exercise often leads to ___21___ food consumption. With countless sports events ___22___, a new question arises: Can watching sports on a screen also influence how much we eat? The answer is yes. Our research reveals that watching sports videos can increase candy consumption. But there is more to the story: the ___23___ of the sports you are watching plays a crucial role in these effects. We first invited 112 students to the lab to watch a video and test some candies. The students who saw the sports video ate more candies than those who saw the one without physical activity. To learn more, we invited just the female students to watch videos ___24___ either easy or difficult-to-perform sports. Students who watched the easy sports video ate much more. We can thus conclude that the ease of the exercise shown ___25___ impacts candy consumption. To explain our findings, we looked at research on goal ___26___. When people feel they are not meeting a goal, they push harder; but once they see ___27___, they tend to relax. For example, after a workout, those aiming to stay fit might feel they have achieved advancement and then ease up on their efforts. This can lead to a ___28___ in the drive to pursue related goals, like healthy eating. Research shows that achieving smaller goals (like exercising) can make people feel they have earned a(n) ___29___, which results in overeating. So completing a workout might make you more likely to ____30____ yourself with extra food than if you had not finished your session. So what is the ____31____ for us? Be mindful of how watching sports can affect our eating habits. If you are aiming to stay on track with your diet, watch more ____32____ sports. Moreover, when setting dieting goals, remind yourself that real progress comes from ____33____ effort, not just imagining yourself doing a workout. Engage in activities that genuinely challenge you, and pair them with healthy eating habits. This way, you can avoid the trap of feeling the fitness goal to be ____34____ accomplished and then overeating. In conclusion, should you watch the Olympic Games if you want to ____35____ your diet? Of course, but it might be better to choose the physical activities you find the most difficult to perform — and watch them without moderation. 21. A. wasteful B. increased C. processed D. healthy 22. A. airing B. happening C. celebrating D. unfolding 23. A. category B. length C. difficulty D. audience 24. A. testing B. promoting C. capturing D. explaining 25. A. misleadingly B. frequently C. rarely D. significantly 26. A. feasibility B. motivation C. visualization D. clarity 27. A. hope B. videos C. treats D. progress 28. A. delay B. drop C. doubt D. confidence 29. A. break B. honor C. diet D. title 30. A. sustain B. prepare C. cheat D. reward 31. A. transition B. stimulation C. implication D. intervention 32. A. instructive B. relaxing C. influential D. challenging 33. A. consistent B. prospective C. ultimate D. individual 34. A. overly B. barely C. prematurely D. remarkably 35. A. put up with B. keep up with C. make up for D. set up for Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My doctor took me for a walk around the farm where she lived. I was physically and emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression. The place was full of life. There were insects, horses, rabbits, and a cat. She told me to focus on my body in the environment. When I was ill, I tended to withdraw into my mind and disconnect from the here and now. So, when I met a horse named Fira, I expected nothing. As I got closer to Fira, she rubbed her nose into my chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart. Something happened inside me: I felt as if I had reached a wellspring of past hurts, fears and failings. I began to melt emotionally. I patted Fira’s nose and breathed in her smell. I found I didn’t have to concentrate on feeling better; Fira helped me feel loved and safe. I worked with Fira often, learning basic communication and leading methods to work together with her. Initially, I wasn’t sure exactly what one would do with a horse except riding it. But I knew that Fira had touched me in an uncommon way and had made me feel better. She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way. In my meetings with Fira, I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place. I learned to forget the past, with all its hurt. I learned to forget the future, which hasn’t happened yet. With Fira by my side, I saw into a life in which trust comes first, and compassion follows. I found a deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right. I felt an inner quiet and even joy. My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very dark night in my soul. 36. Why did the writer expect nothing when meeting Fira? A. Because Fira’s reaction led the writer to feel hurt and fearful. B. Because the writer’s mentality kept her from connecting with others. C. Because the writer knew nothing about Fira and didn’t know what to expect. D. Because the animals on the farm distracted the writer from focusing on her body. 37. Which of the following statements about Fira is TRUE? A. Fira was the writer’s pet, living on her farm. B. Fira made the writer feel better by giving her rides. C. Fira got the writer to concentrate on her hurt feelings. D. Fira responded affectionately to the writer’s approach. 38. In the last paragraph, the writer shares her experience with Fira to imply that _______. A. animals can follow people’s instructions, thus gaining their trust B interacting with animals can be a therapy to psychological distress C. meetings with animals can help people step out of their comfort zone D. people can access temporary peace and joy when working with animals 39. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. My Doctor’s Farm: A Place of Healing B. Fira: The Horse that Saved My Life C From Darkness to Light: My Journey with Fira D. Horse Smell: The Magic Power (B) Special Offers & Promotions If you have a promotion code, simply enter it in the corresponding field at the Shopping Bag page or Order Review page. 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Your purchase supports The Met’s collection, study, conservation, and presentation of 5,000 years of art. 40. According to “Special Offers & Promotions”, if you have a promotion code, you can ______. A. enjoy a Member discount B. get free gift wrap C. ask for shopping bag D. cancel previous orders 41. The underlined word “incur” in “Shipping Offers” section is closest in meaning to “______”. A. reduce B. insure C. cause D. spare 42. According to the passage, which of the following services can customers enjoy? A. They can return and exchange some clearance products. B. They can be sure to get the same free gift for each order they place. C. They can have discounted or free standard shipping to any U.S. addresses. D. They can enjoy some discounted products when buying the required number of items. (C) Human doctors perform amputations, surgical removals of an arm, leg, or finger, after a serious injury. But new research shows that some ants perform amputations on injured ants to help them survive an injury. The behavior was documented in Florida carpenter ants. Two carpenter ants are seen in a laboratory at the University of Lausanne. Scientists said they either cleaned the wound using their mouthparts or amputated the limb, or leg, by biting it off. The choice of care depended on the injury’s location. When it was further up the leg, they always amputated. When it was further down, they never amputated. Erik Frank of the University of Würzburg in Germany is the lead writer of the research. Frank said the study describes “for the first time how a non-human animal uses amputations on another individual to save their life.” He believes “that the ants’ ‘medical system’ to care for the injured is the most complicated in the animal kingdom,” and compares well to human medicine. “Injuries further down the leg have an increased flow of hemolymph (血淋巴),” Frank said. So harmful bacteria can enter the body after only five minutes. An amputation would not help infection after that time. He continued, “Injuries further up the leg have a much slower hemolymph flow, giving enough time for timely and effective amputations.” The study found that after an upper leg injury, an ant that experiences amputation has a survival rate of 90 to 95 percent. For lower leg injuries in which just cleaning was performed, the survival rate was about 75 percent, compared to about 15 percent for injuries that received no care. Ants can function well without one of their six legs. And only female ants perform the treatment of wounds by cleaning or amputation. “All worker ants are female. Males play only a minor role in ant community,” Frank said. So why do ants do these amputations? Frank said, “There is a very simple evolutionary reason for caring for the injured. It saves resources.” He noted that if an ant could be saved with little effort to remain productive, “there is a very high value of doing so.” “At the same time, if an individual is too heavily injured, the ants will not care for her, but rather leave her behind to die,” Frank added. 43. The type of treatments applied to injured ants depends on ______. A. how the medical system of the ants is developed B. whether the ant still remains productive and valuable C. which kind of ants performs the treatments of wounds D. whether the ant suffers from an upper leg injury or a lower one 44. What can we infer from the survival rates mentioned in the text? A. The location of the injury and the corresponding treatment greatly affect the ant’s survival. B. Cleaning the wound is more effective than amputation for all leg injuries. C. Injured ants with no care have a similar survival rate to those with treatment in some cases. D. Amputation is always the best way to ensure the survival of injured ants. 45. It can be concluded from Frank’s study that ______. A. male ants provide medical care for the ant community B. slightly-injured ants will receive no care to save resources C. the heavily injured ants will eventually die for lack of medical care D. the cleaning of an upper leg injury greatly increases the ants’ survival rate 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. How ants perform amputations. B. How injured ants are dealt with. C. How ants evolve and reproduce. D. How amputations affect ants. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Urban Green Spaces and Their Impact on Children’s Health A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living in areas with more concrete and fewer trees. _____47_____ The fatness crisis began in the 1980s, and many people credit it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can’t be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been with us for a long time. “Most experts agree that the changes were related to something in the environment,” says social scientist Thomas Glass. _____48_____ The new research isn’t the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer to identifying what works and why. _____49_____ But green space is good for the mind too. Research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive benefits for children with attention-deficit disorder (注意力缺乏症). In one study, just reading outside in a green setting improved kids’ symptoms. Exposure to grassy areas has also been linked to less stress and a lower body mass index (指数）among adults. And an analysis of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity among senior citizens. Glass cautions that most studies don’t necessarily prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they’re nonetheless helping urge action. _____50_____ So, if you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take advantage of what’s there. Your children in particular will love it and their bodies and minds will be grateful to you. A. That something could be a shrinking of the green. B. Several environmental factors could explain the spread of fatness. C. He emphasizes that further action is needed to prove the association between green space access and childhood fatness. D. In September the U.S. approved the No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors. E. Such findings tell a powerful story. F. In its purest sense, a green neighborhood simply means more places for kids to play, which is closely related to children’s activity levels. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Tchaikovsky Cure for Worry The 19th-century Russian composer Tchaikovsky was not a happy man. In his 5,365 letters to friends and family, we find constant references to his sadness and anxiety. He had just one, temporary pain reliever for his misery: “… a new idea awakens in me and begins to assume a definite form.” Tchaikovsky’s experience is not abnormal. Modern research in neuroscience (神经科学) and psychology reveals that active engagement in creative pursuits is an effective way to gain relief from negative emotions and see the world in a much more positive way. At a time when mood disorders are exploding and less than a third of U.S. adults believe that they are living up to their creative potential, this might be the simplest, easiest, and most natural way for anyone to improve their life. Neuroscientific research offers explanations of how creativity might lower negative emotion, and anxiety in particular. In a fascinating 2015 study, neuroscientists observed people as they wrote poetry. They found that during the idea-generation phase of writing, the medial prefrontal cortex (前额叶内侧皮层) is especially active. This is the same part of the brain that is activated during meditation (an activity in which people sit still and focus on their thoughts), which suggests that creative activity might have some of the same effects on stress as meditational exercises do — thus why some anxious people routinely use it to treat themselves. Yet, so many different creative outlets exist that the task of finding one that fits your personality and tastes can be scary. One method I like to suggest, to help people find the ideal activity for them, is to start by categorizing creative pursuits as public or private and inventive or interpretive. All you need is to know your personality type and your preference. Outgoing people who prefer to interpret the works of others can try theater or classical music; people who are shy might prefer studying poetry. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. AI已经慢慢融入创造性艺术，让生活充满惊喜。 (integrate) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 这部电影激发了外国观众对中国语言和文化的好奇心。(curiosity) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 终身学习指的是一种自我驱动的能力提升方式，这种学习关注个人的成长且往往发生在教室之外。(refer) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这些大学生志愿者活跃在各行各业，如环境保护、健康卫生、公益教育，让我们看到了青春该有的模样。(range) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是浦润中学高三学生李青，你校英语报面向高三学生开辟了“未来之路”的专栏，征集学生对于大学专业选择和未来职业规划的想法，请你投稿，你的文章须包括： (1)简要描述你心仪的大学专业和未来职业规划； (2)陈述你的理由。 (注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024学年第一学期青浦区高三年级期终学业质量调研 英语学科 试卷 （时间105分钟，满分115分） 2024.12 考生注意： 1．本试卷共10页。 2．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。 3．答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Washing Fruit Before Eating doesn’t Remove Pesticides (杀虫剂) Do you wash fruit before putting it into your mouth? If your answer is yes, the following news may well be ___1___ (disappoint) to you. Using specific imaging technology to see ___2___ pesticides affected apples, scientists found distribution of pesticides in the apple skin and flesh layers, confirming that the pesticides pass through the skin layer into the flesh layer, according to a report published recently in America. “Thus, the risk of pesticide intake from fruits cannot be avoided by simple washing other than peeling, which means taking the skin off fruits.” The study’s authors said they were not looking to scare ___3___ about the presence of pesticides in their food, but they want to provide guidance on how to avoid them. This study, ___4___ (situate) within the expansive research area of food safety, attempts to provide consumers with health guidance,” said Dongdong Ye, professor at Anhui Agricultural University and study author. ___5___ bringing up unnecessary anxiety, the research assumes that peeling can effectively wipe out nearly all pesticide left. This contrasts with the practice of washing, which ___6___ (recommend) frequently. As the report says, “traditional fruit-cleaning operations cannot wholly remove pesticides,” but “considering that the flesh layer lost during peeling was a great deal ___7___ (large) than 0.03mm, we believe that the peeling operation can effectively avoid the dangers of pesticides in the fruit’s skin ___8___ the probability of taking in pesticides can be reduced.” According to the most recent report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, “before allowing a pesticide ___9___ (use) on a food product, the Environmental Protection Agency sets limits on how much of the pesticide may be used on food during growing, processing, and storage, and how much can remain on the food ____10____ reaches the consumer.” 【答案】1. disappointing 2. how 3. anyone##anybody##one 4. situated 5. Rather than##Instead of 6. is recommended 7. larger 8. so that 9. to be used 10 that##which 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了根据美国最近发表的一份报告，科学家们利用特定的成像技术来观察农药是如何影响苹果的，他们发现了农药在苹果皮和果肉层中的分布，证实了农药通过皮层进入了果肉层，并建议吃水果前最好削皮。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果你的答案是肯定的，下面的消息可能会让你失望。作表语，主语为news，故用形容词disappointing“令人失望的”。故填disappointing。 【2题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：根据美国最近发表的一份报告，科学家们利用特定的成像技术来观察农药是如何影响苹果的，他们发现了农药在苹果皮和果肉层中的分布，证实了农药是通过皮层进入果肉层的。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用how。故填how。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：该研究的作者表示，他们并不是想吓唬别人，因为他们的食物中存在农药，但他们想提供如何避免使用农药的指导。此处作宾语，且表示“任何人，别人，某人”可用不定代词anyone、anybody或表示“一个人”用代词one。故填anyone/anybody/one。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“这项研究位于食品安全的广阔研究领域，试图为消费者提供健康指导，”研究作者、安徽农业大学教授叶冬冬（音译）说。此处situate与study构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填situated。 【5题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：这项研究认为，去皮可以有效地清除几乎所有残留农药，而不是带来不必要的焦虑。后跟动名词作宾语，表示“而不是”可用rather than或instead of，首字母大写。故填Rather than/ Instead of。 【6题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：这与经常建议的洗的做法形成对比。which指代先行词practice，在从句作主语，与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is recommended。 【7题详解】 考查比较级。句意：正如报告中所说，“传统的水果清洗操作并不能完全去除农药”，但“考虑到去皮过程中损失的果肉层大大大于0.03mm，我们认为去皮操作可以有效地避免农药在果皮中的危害，从而降低农药的摄入概率。”根据后文than可知应用比较级。故填larger。 【8题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：正如报告中所说，“传统的水果清洗操作并不能完全去除农药”，但“考虑到去皮过程中损失的果肉层大大大于0.03mm，我们认为去皮操作可以有效地避免农药在果皮中的危害，从而降低农药的摄入概率。”引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”应用so that。故填so that。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据美国农业部最近的一份报告，“在允许在食品上使用农药之前，环境保护署会对食品在种植、加工和储存过程中可以使用的农药数量以及到达消费者手中的食品中可以残留的农药数量设定限制。”上文为短语allow…to do sth.，且use与pesticide构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be used。 【10题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：根据美国农业部最近的一份报告，“在允许在食品上使用农药之前，环境保护署会对食品在种植、加工和储存过程中可以使用的农药数量以及到达消费者手中的食品中可以残留的农药数量设定限制。”定语从句修饰先行词food，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. currently B. elsewhere C. conducting D. instantly E. curved F. total G. civilians H. waves I. crewed J. set K. previous Record Number of People in Space It’s “rush hour” in Earth orbit at the moment. We’ve reached a record number of humans in space, NASA announces. Crew onboard the Russian Soyuz capsule, a flight to the International Space Station (ISS) that took place on Sept. 11, became record-breaking space residents this week, as the number ___11___ up to the now 19 humans living and working in space. A US astronaut and two Russian astronauts have joined nine others ___12___ onboard the ISS, and the two astronauts enjoying an extended stay, Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams. There are three “taikonauts” ___13___ in orbit — Ye Guangfu, Li Cong, and Li Guangsu — onboard the Chinese Tiangong Space Station. There are also four ___14___ in orbit — Jared Isaacman, Scott Poteet, Sarah Gillis, and Anna Menon — who are taking part in SpaceX’s Polaris Dawn mission, and just carried out the first-ever private space walk at their own expense. With the amount of 19 humans, it beats the ___15___ record for the most amount of humans in Earth’s orbit at one time. That record was ___16___ last year in May 2023 when 17 people were in orbit, including astronaut Frank Rubio who was also on an unplanned extended stay. Bear in mind that the episode of the present time is not the record for the largest number of people in space. Using the US definition of space at 80 kilometers (50 miles), that record was broken in May 2023 when a(n) ___17___ of 20 people were in space. This involved people on the ISS and the Tiangong space station, plus two private sub-orbital space ventures by Virgin and Axiom Space. Sub-orbital flights do not orbit the Earth. Instead, they follow a(n) ___18___ trajectory (轨迹) that reaches the edge of space and then fall back to Earth. But back to September 2024, the present Polaris Dawn mission is particularly novel and exciting. Traveling in a Crew Dragon spacecraft is the furthest distance from Earth that a(n) ___19___ vehicle has flown since the era of the Apollo program in the 1960s and early 1970s. Gillis and Menon also earn the record for the furthest a woman has ever flown from Earth. On September 12, the Polaris Dawn mission made even more history by ___20___ the first spacewalk ever attempted by private citizens using SpaceX’s newly designed spacesuits. 【答案】11. H 12. A 13. B 14. G 15. K 16. J 17. F 18. E 19. I 20. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了美国国家航空航天局宣布在太空中的人类数量已经达到了创纪录的水平。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：9月11日飞往国际空间站的俄罗斯联盟号太空舱上的机组人员本周成为破纪录的太空居民，随着人数激增，目前有19人在太空生活和工作。根据“up to the now 19 humans living and working in space”以及句意“激增”可知应用动词wave，根据后文now可知为一般现在时，主语为number，谓语用三单形式。故选H。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：一名美国宇航员和两名俄罗斯宇航员加入了目前在国际空间站上的其他九名宇航员的行列，这两名宇航员布奇·威尔默和苏尼·威廉姆斯将在空间站上停留更长时间。根据“A US astronaut and two Russian astronauts have joined nine others”以及句意“目前”可知应用副词currently，作状语。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：还有三名“宇航员”在轨道”——中国天宫空间站的叶光富、李聪和李广苏。根据“There are three “taikonauts””以及句意“在别处”可知应用副词elsewhere，故选B。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：轨道上还有四名平民——贾里德·艾萨曼、斯科特·波提特、莎拉·吉利斯和安娜·梅农——他们参加了SpaceX公司的北极星黎明号任务，并且刚刚自费进行了有史以来第一次私人太空行走。根据“who are taking part in SpaceX’s Polaris Dawn mission, and just carried out the first-ever private space walk at their own expense”以及句意“平民”可知应用名词civilian，结合上文four可知为复数。故选G。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这次搭载了19人，打破了此前地球轨道上同时搭载最多人类的记录。根据“record for the most amount of humans in Earth’s orbit at one time”以及句意“此前”可知应用形容词previous，修饰名词record。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：这一纪录是在去年2023年5月创下的，当时有17人在轨道上，其中包括宇航员弗兰克·卢比奥，他也在计划外的长时间停留。根据“That record”以及句意“创下”可知应用动词set，与主语构成被动关系，结合was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故选J。 【17题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：按照美国对太空80公里（50英里）的定义，这一纪录在2023年5月被打破，当时共有20人进入太空。根据“20 people were in space”以及句意“共有”可知短语为a total of，故选F。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：相反，它们沿着弯曲的轨迹到达太空边缘，然后落回地球。根据“Sub-orbital flights do not orbit the Earth.(亚轨道飞行不绕地球飞行)”以及句意“弯曲的”可知应用形容词curved，修饰名词trajectory。故选E。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“龙”号载人飞船是自上世纪60年代和70年代初阿波罗计划以来，载人飞船离地球最远的距离。根据“Traveling in a Crew Dragon spacecraft is the furthest distance from Earth”以及句意“载人”可知应用形容词crewed，修饰vehicle。故选I。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：9月12日，北极星黎明号任务创造了更多的历史，它使用SpaceX新设计的宇航服进行了有史以来第一次私人太空行走。根据“the first spacewalk ever attempted by private citizens using SpaceX’s newly designed spacesuits”以及句意“进行”可知应用动名词conducting，作宾语。故选C。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Ever wondered why you reach for a snack after hitting the gym? Research shows that physical exercise often leads to ___21___ food consumption. With countless sports events ___22___, a new question arises: Can watching sports on a screen also influence how much we eat? The answer is yes. Our research reveals that watching sports videos can increase candy consumption. But there is more to the story: the ___23___ of the sports you are watching plays a crucial role in these effects. We first invited 112 students to the lab to watch a video and test some candies. The students who saw the sports video ate more candies than those who saw the one without physical activity. To learn more, we invited just the female students to watch videos ___24___ either easy or difficult-to-perform sports. Students who watched the easy sports video ate much more. We can thus conclude that the ease of the exercise shown ___25___ impacts candy consumption. To explain our findings, we looked at research on goal ___26___. When people feel they are not meeting a goal, they push harder; but once they see ___27___, they tend to relax. For example, after a workout, those aiming to stay fit might feel they have achieved advancement and then ease up on their efforts. This can lead to a ___28___ in the drive to pursue related goals, like healthy eating. Research shows that achieving smaller goals (like exercising) can make people feel they have earned a(n) ___29___, which results in overeating. So completing a workout might make you more likely to ____30____ yourself with extra food than if you had not finished your session. So what is the ____31____ for us? Be mindful of how watching sports can affect our eating habits. If you are aiming to stay on track with your diet, watch more ____32____ sports. Moreover, when setting dieting goals, remind yourself that real progress comes from ____33____ effort, not just imagining yourself doing a workout. Engage in activities that genuinely challenge you, and pair them with healthy eating habits. This way, you can avoid the trap of feeling the fitness goal to be ____34____ accomplished and then overeating. In conclusion, should you watch the Olympic Games if you want to ____35____ your diet? Of course, but it might be better to choose the physical activities you find the most difficult to perform — and watch them without moderation. 21. A. wasteful B. increased C. processed D. healthy 22. A. airing B. happening C. celebrating D. unfolding 23. A. category B. length C. difficulty D. audience 24. A. testing B. promoting C. capturing D. explaining 25. A. misleadingly B. frequently C. rarely D. significantly 26. A. feasibility B. motivation C. visualization D. clarity 27. A. hope B. videos C. treats D. progress 28. A. delay B. drop C. doubt D. confidence 29. A. break B. honor C. diet D. title 30. A. sustain B. prepare C. cheat D. reward 31. A. transition B. stimulation C. implication D. intervention 32. A. instructive B. relaxing C. influential D. challenging 33. A. consistent B. prospective C. ultimate D. individual 34. A. overly B. barely C. prematurely D. remarkably 35. A. put up with B. keep up with C. make up for D. set up for 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，在屏幕上观看体育比赛会影响我们的食量，运动的容易程度对我们的食量有显著影响。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，体育锻炼往往会导致食物摄入量增加。A. wasteful浪费的；B. increased增加的；C. processed经过加工的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文“Ever wondered why you reach for a snack after hitting the gym?”可知，我们在健身房锻炼后想要吃零食，由此可知，体育锻炼往往会导致食物摄入量增加，所以想要吃零食。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着无数体育赛事的播出，一个新的问题出现了：在屏幕上观看体育比赛是否也会影响我们的食量？A. airing播出；B. happening发生；C. celebrating庆祝；D. unfolding展开。根据下文“Can watching sports on a screen also influence how much we eat?”可知，下文讨论的是在屏幕上观看体育比赛是否也会影响我们的食量，由此可知，句中指无数体育赛事在电视上播出。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但事实不止如此：你正在观看的运动的难度在这些影响中起着至关重要的作用。A. category类别；B. length长度；C. difficulty难度；D. audience观众。根据下文“Students who watched the easy sports video ate much more.”可知，研究发现，观看简单体育视频的学生吃得更多，由此可知，观看的运动的难度影响我们的食量。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了了解更多信息，我们只邀请了女生观看拍摄简单或困难运动的视频。A. testing测试；B. promoting提升；C. capturing拍摄；D. explaining解释。根据上文“the _____ of the sports you are watching plays a crucial role in these effects.”可知，研究是为了确认观看的运动的难度是否会影响我们的食量，由此可知，视频中拍摄了简单或困难的运动。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们可以得出结论，运动的容易程度对糖果的消耗有显著影响。A. misleadingly误导地；B. frequently频繁地；C. rarely很少地；D. significantly显著地。根据上文“Students who watched the easy sports video ate much more.”可知，观看简单体育视频的学生吃更多糖果，由此可知，运动的容易程度对糖果的消耗有显著影响。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了解释我们的发现，我们看了关于目标动机的研究。A. feasibility可行性；B. motivation动机；C. visualization可视化；D. clarity清晰。根据下文“When people feel they are not meeting a goal, they push harder; but once they see _____, they tend to relax.”可知，当人们觉得自己没有达到目标时，他们会更加努力；但一旦他们看到进步，他们往往会放松，也就是说，是否实现目标会影响我们的心态，从而影响我们进食数量的动机，由此可知，这里是关于目标动机的研究。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们觉得自己没有达到目标时，他们会更加努力；但一旦他们看到进步，他们往往会放松。A. hope希望；B. videos录像；C. treats款待；D. progress进步。根据下文“For example, after a workout, those aiming to stay fit might feel they have achieved advancement and then ease up on their efforts.”可知，锻炼后，人们可能会觉得自己取得了进步，然后放松了努力，由此可知，一旦人们看到进步，往往会放松。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能会导致追求健康饮食等相关目标的动力的下降。A. delay延迟；B. drop下降；C. doubt疑惑；D. confidence信心。根据上文“For example, after a workout, those aiming to stay fit might feel they have achieved advancement and then ease up on their efforts.”可知，锻炼后，人们可能会觉得自己取得了进步，然后放松了努力，由此可知，人们放松了努力，不再追求健康饮食，会导致追求健康饮食等相关目标的动力的下降。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，实现较小的目标（如锻炼）会让人觉得自己得到了休息机会，从而导致暴饮暴食。A. break休息；B. honor荣誉；C. diet日常饮食；D. title标题。根据句中“which results in overeating”可知，暴饮暴食是因为人们觉得实现了一个小目标，可以休息一下了，所以不再追求健康饮食，开始暴饮暴食。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，比起没有完成锻炼，完成一项锻炼可能会让你更有可能用额外的食物来奖励自己。A. sustain维持；B. prepare准备；C. cheat欺骗；D. reward奖励。根据上文“Research shows that achieving smaller goals (like exercising) can make people feel they have earned a(n) _____, which results in overeating.”可知，实现较小的目标会导致暴饮暴食，由此可知，完成一项锻炼后，你会用额外的食物来奖励自己。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，这对我们来说可能的影响是什么？A. transition转变；B. stimulation激励；C. implication可能的影响；D. intervention干预。根据下文“Be mindful of how watching sports can affect our eating habits.”可知，通过研究结果，我们要注意看运动会如何影响我们的饮食习惯，由此可知，问句问的是这项研究发现会给我们带来什么影响。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你的目标是保持饮食正常，那就观看更具挑战性的运动。A. instructive有益的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. influential有很大影响的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。根据上文“Students who watched the easy sports video ate much more.”可知，观看简单体育视频的学生吃得更多，由此可知，如果你想保持饮食正常，就不要看简单的体育视频，要观看更具挑战性的运动。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，在设定节食目标时，提醒自己真正的进步来自持续的努力，而不仅仅是想象自己在锻炼。A. consistent持续的；B. prospective潜在的；C. ultimate最终的；D. individual单独的。根据句中“not just imagining yourself doing a workout”可知，我们不要想象自己在锻炼，由此可知，真正的进步来自持续的努力，而不是有进步就放纵。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这样，你就可以避免落入感觉健身目标过早实现，然后暴饮暴食的陷阱。A. overly过于；B. barely仅仅，几乎没有；C. prematurely过早地；D. remarkably显著地。根据上文“Engage in activities that genuinely challenge you, and pair them with healthy eating habits.”可知，参与真正挑战你的活动能够避免落入感觉健身目标过早实现的陷阱。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：总之，如果你想保持饮食习惯，你应该看奥运会吗？A. put up with忍受；B. keep up with跟上，与……保持联系；C. make up for弥补；D. set up for为……为……做准备。根据下文“Of course, but it might be better to choose the physical activities you find the most difficult to perform — and watch them without moderation.”可知，最好选择你觉得最难进行的体育活动，并适度观看，由此可知，句中指如果你想保持饮食习惯，要看最难进行的体育活动，避免放松导致暴饮暴食。故选B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My doctor took me for a walk around the farm where she lived. I was physically and emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression. The place was full of life. There were insects, horses, rabbits, and a cat. She told me to focus on my body in the environment. When I was ill, I tended to withdraw into my mind and disconnect from the here and now. So, when I met a horse named Fira, I expected nothing. As I got closer to Fira, she rubbed her nose into my chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart. Something happened inside me: I felt as if I had reached a wellspring of past hurts, fears and failings. I began to melt emotionally. I patted Fira’s nose and breathed in her smell. I found I didn’t have to concentrate on feeling better; Fira helped me feel loved and safe. I worked with Fira often, learning basic communication and leading methods to work together with her. Initially, I wasn’t sure exactly what one would do with a horse except riding it. But I knew that Fira had touched me in an uncommon way and had made me feel better. She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way. In my meetings with Fira, I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place. I learned to forget the past, with all its hurt. I learned to forget the future, which hasn’t happened yet. With Fira by my side, I saw into a life in which trust comes first, and compassion follows. I found a deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right. I felt an inner quiet and even joy. My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very dark night in my soul. 36. Why did the writer expect nothing when meeting Fira? A. Because Fira’s reaction led the writer to feel hurt and fearful. B. Because the writer’s mentality kept her from connecting with others. C. Because the writer knew nothing about Fira and didn’t know what to expect. D. Because the animals on the farm distracted the writer from focusing on her body. 37. Which of the following statements about Fira is TRUE? A. Fira was the writer’s pet, living on her farm. B. Fira made the writer feel better by giving her rides. C. Fira got the writer to concentrate on her hurt feelings. D. Fira responded affectionately to the writer’s approach. 38. In the last paragraph, the writer shares her experience with Fira to imply that _______. A. animals can follow people’s instructions, thus gaining their trust B. interacting with animals can be a therapy to psychological distress C. meetings with animals can help people step out of their comfort zone D. people can access temporary peace and joy when working with animals 39. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. My Doctor’s Farm: A Place of Healing B. Fira: The Horse that Saved My Life C. From Darkness to Light: My Journey with Fira D. Horse Smell: The Magic Power 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者身心俱疲，因焦虑和抑郁而灰心丧气，这时遇到了一匹马费拉，在和费拉接触的过程中，作者也逐渐走出了黑暗。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I was physically and emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression. The place was full of life. There were insects, horses, rabbits, and a cat. She told me to focus on my body in the environment. When I was ill, I tended to withdraw into my mind and disconnect from the here and now.(我身心俱疲，因焦虑和抑郁而灰心丧气。这个地方充满了生机。有昆虫、马、兔子和一只猫。她告诉我在环境中要关注自己的身体。当我生病时，我倾向于退回到我的思想中，与此时此地脱节)”可知，作者见到费拉时没有任何期待是因为作者的心态使她无法与他人交流。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“As I got closer to Fira, she rubbed her nose into my chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart.(当我靠近菲拉时，她用鼻子蹭我的胸口，轻轻地压在我的心脏上)”以及第二段“She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way.(她通过回应我的情绪状态，并以一种开放、深情的方式反馈给我，从而与我建立联系)”可知，D选项“费拉深情地回应了作者的靠近”正确。故选D。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In my meetings with Fira, I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place. I learned to forget the past, with all its hurt. I learned to forget the future, which hasn’t happened yet. With Fira by my side, I saw into a life in which trust comes first, and compassion follows. I found a deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right. I felt an inner quiet and even joy. My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very dark night in my soul.(在与费拉的会面中，我学会了活在当下，专注于今天、此时此刻、这个地方正在发生的事情。我学会了忘记过去，忘记所有的伤痛。我学会了忘记尚未发生的未来。有费拉在我身边，我看到了一种信任为先、同情为辅的生活。我用我自己的意念来指示她是开始，是停止，是左转还是右转，在引导她沿着一条路走的过程中，我找到了一种深深的平静。我感到一种内心的平静，甚至是喜悦。我和这匹马的工作是我灵魂深处黑暗之夜旅程的一部分)”可知，作者分享了她与费拉的经历，暗示与动物互动可以成为一种心理困扰的治疗方法。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very dark night in my soul.(我和这匹马的工作是我灵魂深处黑暗之夜旅程的一部分)”结合文章主要讲述了作者身心俱疲，因焦虑和抑郁而灰心丧气，这时遇到了一匹马费拉，在和费拉接触的过程中，作者也逐渐走出了黑暗。可知，C选项“从黑暗到光明：我和费拉的旅程”最符合文章标题。故选C。 (B) Special Offers & Promotions If you have a promotion code, simply enter it in the corresponding field at the Shopping Bag page or Order Review page. Only one code can be entered per order unless specified otherwise; codes cannot be applied to prior purchases, minimum order total requirements (excluding tax, shipping /handling, and gift wrap charges) must be met for each order, and the code must not be past due. All offers are subject to change or cancellation without notice. Promotions do not apply to the purchase of Museum Admission, Museum Memberships, Met Custom Prints, donations, prior purchases, clearance products, or select items, including fine jewelry, and unless specified otherwise, cannot be combined with other offers or discounts, except a Member discount. Product Offers For products that advertise a discount when buying a specific number of items (such as for a set of four mugs), you must add the correct quantity to your shopping bag to receive the discount. If you purchase additional units above the discounted quantity, you will be charged the individual item price for those items. Shipping Offers Discounted or free standard shipping is available only to shipping addresses within the lower 48 United States. Orders shipping to US addresses in Hawaii, Alaska, APO/FPO, US Territories, and to all other countries will incur shipping charges. Free Gifts For gifts with purchase promotions, you must add the free gift item to your shopping bag, and then enter the promotion code at checkout (if required). Please note that free gifts will be available while supplies last; comparable items may be substituted. Gifts with purchase promotions are onetime use only, and only one promotion code can be used per order. Clearance, Sale, and Special Values Savings off original, regular, and/or already-reduced prices. Clearance items are not qualified for Member discount, sitewide promotions, discounts, and/or other offers. All clearance merchandise is final sale and cannot be returned or exchanged. Your purchase supports The Met’s collection, study, conservation, and presentation of 5,000 years of art. 40. According to “Special Offers & Promotions”, if you have a promotion code, you can ______. A. enjoy a Member discount B. get free gift wrap C. ask for shopping bag D. cancel previous orders 41. The underlined word “incur” in “Shipping Offers” section is closest in meaning to “______”. A. reduce B. insure C. cause D. spare 42. According to the passage, which of the following services can customers enjoy? A. They can return and exchange some clearance products. B. They can be sure to get the same free gift for each order they place. C. They can have discounted or free standard shipping to any U.S. addresses. D. They can enjoy some discounted products when buying the required number of items. 【答案】40. A 41. C 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章列举了大都会博物馆在售商品的购物提示。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Special Offers & Promotions 板块下第二段“Promotions do not apply to the purchase of Museum Admission, Museum Memberships, Met Custom Prints, donations, prior purchases, clearance products, or select items, including fine jewelry, and unless specified otherwise, cannot be combined with other offers or discounts, except a Member discount.(促销活动不适用于购买博物馆入场券、博物馆会员资格、Met定制版画、捐赠、先前购买、清卖产品或精选商品（包括高级珠宝），除非另有说明，否则不得与其他优惠或折扣合并使用，会员折扣除外。)”可知，促销活动不得与其他优惠或折扣合并使用，但可以用于会员折扣。故选A。 【41题详解】 词义猜测题。根据Shipping Offers板块下“Discounted or free standard shipping is available only to shipping addresses within the lower 48 United States.(折扣或免费标准航运只适用于美国48个州以内的送货地址。)”可知，除以上48个国家，运费有折扣或是免费，如订单运到其余地址则需收费，与上句形成对比，补充。因此此处划线单词incur可以推断其含义为“产生收费”。故选C。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Product Offers 板块下“For products that advertise a discount when buying a specific number of items (such as for a set of four mugs), you must add the correct quantity to your shopping bag to receive the discount. If you purchase additional units above the discounted quantity, you will be charged the individual item price for those items.(对于在购买特定数量的商品（例如一套四个马克杯）时宣传折扣的产品，您必须在购物袋中添加正确的数量才能获得折扣。如果您购买超过折扣数量的额外单位，您将被收取这些项目的个别项目价格。)”可知，购买一定数量的商品才可以享受一些折扣。故选D。 (C) Human doctors perform amputations, surgical removals of an arm, leg, or finger, after a serious injury. But new research shows that some ants perform amputations on injured ants to help them survive an injury. The behavior was documented in Florida carpenter ants. Two carpenter ants are seen in a laboratory at the University of Lausanne. Scientists said they either cleaned the wound using their mouthparts or amputated the limb, or leg, by biting it off. The choice of care depended on the injury’s location. When it was further up the leg, they always amputated. When it was further down, they never amputated. Erik Frank of the University of Würzburg in Germany is the lead writer of the research. Frank said the study describes “for the first time how a non-human animal uses amputations on another individual to save their life.” He believes “that the ants’ ‘medical system’ to care for the injured is the most complicated in the animal kingdom,” and compares well to human medicine. “Injuries further down the leg have an increased flow of hemolymph (血淋巴),” Frank said. So harmful bacteria can enter the body after only five minutes. An amputation would not help infection after that time. He continued, “Injuries further up the leg have a much slower hemolymph flow, giving enough time for timely and effective amputations.” The study found that after an upper leg injury, an ant that experiences amputation has a survival rate of 90 to 95 percent. For lower leg injuries in which just cleaning was performed, the survival rate was about 75 percent, compared to about 15 percent for injuries that received no care. Ants can function well without one of their six legs. And only female ants perform the treatment of wounds by cleaning or amputation. “All worker ants are female. Males play only a minor role in ant community,” Frank said. So why do ants do these amputations? Frank said, “There is a very simple evolutionary reason for caring for the injured. It saves resources.” He noted that if an ant could be saved with little effort to remain productive, “there is a very high value of doing so.” “At the same time, if an individual is too heavily injured, the ants will not care for her, but rather leave her behind to die,” Frank added. 43. The type of treatments applied to injured ants depends on ______. A. how the medical system of the ants is developed B. whether the ant still remains productive and valuable C which kind of ants performs the treatments of wounds D. whether the ant suffers from an upper leg injury or a lower one 44. What can we infer from the survival rates mentioned in the text? A. The location of the injury and the corresponding treatment greatly affect the ant’s survival. B. Cleaning the wound is more effective than amputation for all leg injuries. C. Injured ants with no care have a similar survival rate to those with treatment in some cases. D. Amputation is always the best way to ensure the survival of injured ants. 45. It can be concluded from Frank’s study that ______. A. male ants provide medical care for the ant community B. slightly-injured ants will receive no care to save resources C. the heavily injured ants will eventually die for lack of medical care D. the cleaning of an upper leg injury greatly increases the ants’ survival rate 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. How ants perform amputations. B. How injured ants are dealt with. C. How ants evolve and reproduce. D. How amputations affect ants. 【答案】43. D 44. A 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蚂蚁如何处理受伤同伴，包括截肢和清洁伤口等。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“The choice of care depended on the injury’s location. When it was further up the leg, they always amputated. When it was further down, they never amputated. (采取何种护理方式取决于受伤部位。如果伤口靠近腿部上方，它们总是会选择截肢。如果靠近腿部下方，它们则从不截肢。)”可知，对受伤蚂蚁的治疗方式取决于蚂蚁是腿部上方受伤还是腿部下方受伤。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第五段“The study found that after an upper leg injury, an ant that experiences amputation has a survival rate of 90 to 95 percent. For lower leg injuries in which just cleaning was performed, the survival rate was about 75 percent, compared to about 15 percent for injuries that received no care. (研究发现，大腿受伤后进行截肢的蚂蚁存活率为90%到95%。对于小腿受伤只进行清理的蚂蚁，存活率约为75%，而未经任何护理的蚂蚁存活率仅为15%左右。)”可知，受伤的位置和相应的治疗对蚂蚁的存活有很大影响。故选A。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。由文章最后一段中““At the same time, if an individual is too heavily injured, the ants will not care for her, but rather leave her behind to die,” Frank added. (“同时，如果个体受伤过重，蚂蚁就不会照顾它，而是会将其留下等死，”Frank补充道。)”可知，严重受伤的蚂蚁最终将因缺乏医疗护理而死亡。故选C。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“But new research shows that some ants perform amputations on injured ants to help them survive an injury. (但新的研究表明，一些蚂蚁会对受伤的同伴实施截肢手术，以帮助它们存活下来。)”和第二段中“The choice of care depended on the injury’s location. When it was further up the leg, they always amputated. When it was further down, they never amputated. (采取何种护理方式取决于受伤部位。如果伤口靠近腿部上方，它们总是会选择截肢。如果靠近腿部下方，它们则从不截肢。)”可知，文章主要关于受伤蚂蚁的处理方式。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Urban Green Spaces and Their Impact on Children’s Health A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living in areas with more concrete and fewer trees. _____47_____ The fatness crisis began in the 1980s, and many people credit it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can’t be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been with us for a long time. “Most experts agree that the changes were related to something in the environment,” says social scientist Thomas Glass. _____48_____ The new research isn’t the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer to identifying what works and why. _____49_____ But green space is good for the mind too. Research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive benefits for children with attention-deficit disorder (注意力缺乏症). In one study just reading outside in a green setting improved kids’ symptoms. Exposure to grassy areas has also been linked to less stress and a lower body mass index (指数）among adults. And an analysis of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity among senior citizens. Glass cautions that most studies don’t necessarily prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they’re nonetheless helping urge action. _____50_____ So, if you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take advantage of what’s there. Your children in particular will love it and their bodies and minds will be grateful to you. A. That something could be a shrinking of the green. B. Several environmental factors could explain the spread of fatness. C. He emphasizes that further action is needed to prove the association between green space access and childhood fatness. D. In September the U.S. approved the No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors. E. Such findings tell a powerful story. F. In its purest sense, a green neighborhood simply means more places for kids to play, which is closely related to children’s activity levels. 【答案】47. E 48. A 49. F 50. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了城市绿地及其对儿童健康的影响。 【47题详解】 根据上文“A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living in areas with more concrete and fewer trees.(一项新的研究发现，在两年的时间里，生活在绿地较多社区的市中心儿童的体重增长比生活在混凝土较多、树木较少地区的儿童要少13%左右)”以及后文“The fatness crisis began in the 1980s, and many people credit it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can’t be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been with us for a long time. (肥胖危机始于20世纪80年代，许多人将其归因于食物份量增加和缺乏运动，但这并不是全部。快餐和电视已经伴随我们很长时间了)”可知，后文列举了一些与上文儿童体重猛涨原因，即分析这一发现的现象背后的原因。E选项中Such findings对应上文A new study found。故E选项“这些发现讲述了一个强有力的故事”符合语境，故选E。 【48题详解】 根据上文““Most experts agree that the changes were related to something in the environment,” says social scientist Thomas Glass.(“大多数专家都认为，这些变化与环境中的某些因素有关，”社会科学家托马斯·格拉斯说)”可知，上文提到专家认为儿童体重增加与环境有关。由此可知，本句是在具体说明与哪些环境因素有关。故A选项“可能是绿色的萎缩”符合语境，故选A。 【49题详解】 根据后文“But green space is good for the mind too. Research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive benefits for children with attention-deficit disorder (注意力缺乏症). In one study, just reading outside in a green setting improved kids’ symptoms.(但绿色空间对心灵也有好处。环境心理学家的研究表明，它对患有注意力缺陷障碍的儿童有认知益处。在一项研究中，仅仅在户外绿色环境中阅读就能改善孩子们的症状)”可知，后文提到了绿色空间对心灵的好处，可知本句是在说明绿色空间为肉体活动带来的好处。故F选项“从最纯粹的意义上讲，绿色社区仅仅意味着孩子们有更多的玩耍的地方，这与孩子们的活动水平密切相关”符合语境，故选F。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Glass cautions that most studies don’t necessarily prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they’re nonetheless helping urge action.(格拉斯警告说，大多数研究不一定证明绿色和健康之间存在因果关系，但它们仍然有助于敦促人们采取行动)”可知，上文提到了研究敦促人们采取行动，本句为本段最后一句，应该具体说明采取了哪些行动。故D选项“9月，美国通过了《不让孩子留在室内法》，鼓励旨在让孩子们接触户外活动的公共倡议”符合语境，故选D。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Tchaikovsky Cure for Worry The 19th-century Russian composer Tchaikovsky was not a happy man. In his 5,365 letters to friends and family, we find constant references to his sadness and anxiety. He had just one, temporary pain reliever for his misery: “… a new idea awakens in me and begins to assume a definite form.” Tchaikovsky’s experience is not abnormal. Modern research in neuroscience (神经科学) and psychology reveals that active engagement in creative pursuits is an effective way to gain relief from negative emotions and see the world in a much more positive way. At a time when mood disorders are exploding and less than a third of U.S. adults believe that they are living up to their creative potential, this might be the simplest, easiest, and most natural way for anyone to improve their life. Neuroscientific research offers explanations of how creativity might lower negative emotion, and anxiety in particular. In a fascinating 2015 study, neuroscientists observed people as they wrote poetry. They found that during the idea-generation phase of writing, the medial prefrontal cortex (前额叶内侧皮层) is especially active. This is the same part of the brain that is activated during meditation (an activity in which people sit still and focus on their thoughts), which suggests that creative activity might have some of the same effects on stress as meditational exercises do — thus why some anxious people routinely use it to treat themselves. Yet, so many different creative outlets exist that the task of finding one that fits your personality and tastes can be scary. One method I like to suggest, to help people find the ideal activity for them, is to start by categorizing creative pursuits as public or private and inventive or interpretive. All you need is to know your personality type and your preference. Outgoing people who prefer to interpret the works of others can try theater or classical music; people who are shy might prefer studying poetry. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Tchaikovsky found temporary relief from his sadness and anxiety through innovation. His way still works today and neuroscientists uncover the mechanism behind it. Creative activities are as beneficial as meditation--they stimulate the same brain part. The author suggests categorizing innovative activities and then finding the most suitable one for our personality.(52 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以柴可夫斯基为例，引出创造性追求能缓解负面情绪的主题。接着通过神经科学研究解释创造力如何降低焦虑。最后提供了一种根据个人性格和偏好选择适合自己创造性活动的方法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①He had just one, temporary pain reliever for his misery: “… a new idea awakens in me and begins to assume a definite form.” ②Tchaikovsky’s experience is not abnormal. ③Modern research in neuroscience (神经科学) and psychology reveals that active engagement in creative pursuits is an effective way to gain relief from negative emotions and see the world in a much more positive way. ④Neuroscientific research offers explanations of how creativity might lower negative emotion, and anxiety in particular. ⑤This is the same part of the brain that is activated during meditation (an activity in which people sit still and focus on their thoughts), which suggests that creative activity might have some of the same effects on stress as meditational exercises do — thus why some anxious people routinely use it to treat themselves. ⑥One method I like to suggest, to help people find the ideal activity for them, is to start by categorizing creative pursuits as public or private and inventive or interpretive. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。将第6要点进行重组。 3. 遣词造句 Tchaikovsky found temporary relief from his sadness and anxiety through innovation. Creative activities are as beneficial as meditation--they stimulate the same brain part. The author suggests categorizing innovative activities and then finding the most suitable one for our personality. 【点睛】[高分句型1]His way still works today and neuroscientists uncover the mechanism behind it. 用并列句概括了第二和第三段内容。 [高分句型2]The author suggests categorizing innovative activities and then finding the most suitable one for our personality.用动名词作宾语，概括了最后一段内容。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. AI已经慢慢融入创造性艺术，让生活充满惊喜。 (integrate) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】AI has gradually been integrated into creative arts, filling life with a delightful surprise./AI has gradually been integrated into creative arts, which fills life with delightful surprises. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配、非谓语动词和定语从句。根据汉语提示中的“已经”可知，句子应该用现在完成时，“慢慢”翻译为gradually；“融入……”用动词短语integrate into表示，作谓语，主语AI与integrate构成被动关系，用被动语态；“创造性艺术”翻译为creative arts，作宾语；“AI已经慢慢融入创造性艺术”翻译为AI has gradually been integrated into creative arts；“让生活充满惊喜”翻译为fill life with a delightful surprise/delightful surprises，动词fill应该用非谓语形式作状语，与上文的内容之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词filling作状语。“让生活充满惊喜”也可以用定语从句表示，对上文的内容进行补充说明，所以应该用关系代词which代替上文的内容在从句中作主语。故翻译为AI has gradually been integrated into creative arts, filling life with a delightful surprise./AI has gradually been integrated into creative arts, which fills life with delightful surprises. 53. 这部电影激发了外国观众对中国语言和文化的好奇心。(curiosity) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This movie has sparked/aroused the curiosity of the foreign audience about the Chinese language and culture. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词，动词，介词，现在完成时。根据句意提示，句中“激发了外国观众对中国语言和文化的好奇心”强调动作的结束并产生的结果，因此本句需使用现在完成时。英语“电影”英文可使用“movie”，“激发”可使用动词“spark或arouse”，此处所给名词“curiosity”为不可数名词，因此没有复数形式，英语“外国的”可使用“foreign”，英语“观众”可使用“audience”，英文“中国语言”英语表达为“Chinese language”，英语“文化”可使用“culture”，表示“……的好奇心”可使用介词of表示，即the curiosity of...，“对于……中国语言和文化的好奇心”可使用介词about表示，即“about the Chinese language and culture”。谓语动词“spark或arouse”为及物动词，因此可直接使用“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构连词成句。故翻译为：This movie sparked/aroused the curiosity of the foreign audience about the Chinese language and culture. 54. 终身学习指的是一种自我驱动的能力提升方式，这种学习关注个人的成长且往往发生在教室之外。(refer) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Lifelong learning refers to a self-initiated/self-motivated / self-driven form of ability enhancement, which focuses on personal / individual development/growth and tends to occur / happen / take place outside / beyond the classroom. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。陈述事实用一般现在时，表示“终身学习”应用lifelong learning作主语；表示“指的是”短语为refer to；表示“一种自我驱动的能力提升方式”可用a self-initiated/self-motivated / self-driven form of ability enhancement；后跟非限制性定语从句learning，修饰先行词，从句缺少主语，指物，用which引导；表示“关注”为focus on；表示“个人的成长”可用personal/individual development/growth；表示“往往”短语为tend to；表示“发生”可用occur / happen / take place；表示“在教室之外”短语诶outside / beyond the classroom。故翻译为Lifelong learning refers to a self-initiated/self-motivated / self-driven form of ability enhancement, which focuses on personal / individual development/growth and tends to occur / happen / take place outside / beyond the classroom. 55. 这些大学生志愿者活跃在各行各业，如环境保护、健康卫生、公益教育，让我们看到了青春该有的模样。(range) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】These college volunteers are active in all / different /various / diverse fields, ranging/ which range from environmental protection, health care to public welfare education, which shows us what being young is supposed to mean. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。句子陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“这些大学生志愿者”为these college volunteers，作主语；表示“活跃在各行各业”可用be active in all / different /various / diverse fields；表示“从……到……变化”短语为range from…to…，与fields构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语；也可用非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用which；表示“环境保护”为environmental protection；表示“健康卫生”短语为health care；表示“公益教育”为public welfare education；后跟非限制性定语从句，从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，用which引导；表示“让某人看到”可用show sb. sth.；此处用what引导宾语从句，在从句作宾语；表示“青春”可用动名词短语being young，作主语；表示“该有的模样”可翻译为be supposed to mean。故翻译为These college volunteers are active in all / different /various / diverse fields, ranging/ which range from environmental protection, health care to public welfare education, which shows us what being young is supposed to mean. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是浦润中学高三学生李青，你校英语报面向高三学生开辟了“未来之路”的专栏，征集学生对于大学专业选择和未来职业规划的想法，请你投稿，你的文章须包括： (1)简要描述你心仪的大学专业和未来职业规划； (2)陈述你的理由。 (注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 As a senior student at Purun High School, I am eager to contribute to the “Path to the Future” column with my vision for my future. I have my sights set on majoring in environmental science at university, because I anticipate preparing myself for a fulfilling career as an environmental consultant. This field, which is dedicated to understanding and safeguarding our planet, resonates deeply with my passion for sustainability, a passion that has been fostered through my active involvement in our school’s environmental club. My decision to pursue this path is fueled by the urgent need to fight climate change, which will have an impact on future generations. Therefore, only through proactive and collective action, can we hope to lessen the environmental harm we’ve inflicted and ensure a healthier planet for future generations. Looking forward to the journey ahead, I am filled with enthusiasm for the opportunities that lie in wait and the exploitation of my potential to make a significant impact. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生投稿，表达对大学专业选择和未来职业规划的想法。 详解】1.词汇积累 机会：opportunity→chance 期待：anticipate→expect 确保：ensure→make sure 致力于：be dedicated to→be committed to 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：My decision to pursue this path is fueled by the urgent need to fight climate change, which will have an impact on future generations. 拓展句：The reason why I pursue this path is that I was fueled by the urgent need to fight climate change, which will have an impact on future generations. 【点睛】[高分句型1] This field, which is dedicated to understanding and safeguarding our planet, resonates deeply with my passion for sustainability, a passion that has been fostered through my active involvement in our school’s environmental club. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] I have my sights set on majoring in environmental science at university, because I anticipate preparing myself for a fulfilling career as an environmental consultant. (运用了because引导原因状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $