话题12 科学与技术-【一战成名新中考】2025山东中考英语（鲁教版）·一轮复习·话题读写进阶训练（讲册）

话题读写进阶训练·山东英语 话 题 读 写 精 讲 练 话题 12　 科学与技术 【2022 课标子主题】科学技术与工程,人类发明与创新 【常考角度】发明创造、新科技、新能源、信息技术与安全、宇宙探索 【教材单元链接】 人教 鲁教 八(上)U7 未来的生活 九(全)U6 发明创造 七(下)U3 未来的生活 九(全)U1 发明创造 话题核心词句 科技与发明 What technological products are you interested in? 1. science and technology 科学技术 2. scientific study 科学研究 3. great invention 伟大的发明 4. mobile robot 移动机器人 5. artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能 6. information technology 信息技术 7. surf the Internet 上网 8. change one􀆳s life 改变某人的生活 9. electronic product 电子产品 10. high-speed railway 高铁 11. take the place of 取代 12. be used for 被用于…… 13. be invented by 由……发明 14. make life more convenient and comfortable 使生活更方便和舒适 宇宙航天 Have you ever dreamed of traveling in space? 1. astronaut 宇航员 2. the Galaxy 银河系 3. solar system 太阳系 4. space station 空间站 5. space travel 太空旅行 6. travel into space 去太空旅行 7. send a spaceship into space 把一艘宇宙飞船送 入太空 8. explore the mystery of the universe 探索宇宙的 奥秘 话题随堂精讲 　 　 (2024 烟台)A Long March 5 rocket took off from the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province on May 3, 2024. After flying for about 37 minutes, it successfully placed the Chang􀆳e 6 robotic lunar probe (月球探测器) into an Earth-moon transfer trajectory (转移轨道). Several days later the probe was programmed to land on the moon􀆳s far side and started its tasks, which would last about 53 days. This is the world􀆳s first try to bring samples(样本) from the moon􀆳s far side. For China, it􀆳s the second sample-return moon journey. Chang􀆳e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in 课标高频词句 1. take off 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 2. up to now　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 3. collect from 􀆺 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 4. even though　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 5. find out　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 6. the make-up of 　 7. be of great value to　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the former Soviet Union(前苏联) and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon􀆳s near side. 　 　 The moon􀆳s far side has always been a subject of scientific wonder because of its many mysteries. It􀆳s 58 话题读写进阶训练·山东英语 话 题 读 写 精 讲 练 facing away from Earth and it can never be seen from Earth. It was once called the “ dark side of the moon” even though it receives just as much sunlight as the near side. 　 　 Chinese researchers have found that the soil on the far side is much thicker than that on the near side, but they haven􀆳t found out the reason. Samples brought back by Chang􀆳e 5 have helped scientists find that there were volcanic(火山的) activities on the near side around 2 billion years ago. Some scientists thought maybe volcanoes became inactive on the far side about 4 billion years ago. Is it true? 　 ▲　 　 　 “Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang􀆳e 6 with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community,” said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering. 1. When did Chang􀆳e 6 begin to work on the moon? 　 D　 　 A. On May 3, 2024. B. After flying for about 37 minutes. C. In the winter of 2020. D. After landing on the moon􀆳s far side. 2. How many times has China got samples from the moon􀆳s near side? 　 A　 　 A. Once. B. Twice. C. Five times. D. Ten times. 3. According to the passage, the moon􀆳s far side 　 B　 　 . A. receives less sunlight than the near side B. has thicker soil compared with the near side C. can be seen from Earth with powerful cameras D. has more recent volcanic activities than the near side 4. 句子还原 Which of following can be put in 　 ▲　 ? 　 D　 　 A. The rocks nearby there will give us the answer. B. We can use higher technology to explore it. C. Scientists can find out the answer from the earth. D. Samples from the far side will allow them to know the answer. 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀤂 􀦂 􀦂 􀦂􀦂 新考法点拨 　 　 句子还原题:解答此类试题时可参考以下步骤: Step 1 分析选项中句子的含义。 Step 2 观察空处所在位置,分析空处与其前后文的逻辑关系(常见的逻辑关系有:并列关系、因果关系、递进 关系、转折关系及解释例证关系),初步选定答案。 (1)若在段首,挖空句可能为本段主旨句或过渡句; (2)若在段中,挖空句可能为过渡句或注释句; (3)若在段尾,挖空句可能为过渡句或总结句; 本题中,挖空句位于段尾,上文出现了问句,此处可能是对于前面问句的回答;通读本段可知,这一段主要是 介绍从月球上带回来的样本的作用,并且上文提到了月球背面的火山活动,对应选项中的 Samples 和 far side, 根据这些关键词,可锁定答案为 D。 Step 3 将所选答案代入原文,再次通读上下文,确认逻辑正确。 5. What can we learn from Martin Sweeting􀆳s words? 　 B　 　 A. Chang􀆳e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks. B. Chang􀆳e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world. C. Chang􀆳e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon. D. Chang􀆳e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back. 68 话题读写进阶训练·山东英语 话 题 读 写 精 讲 练 话题语篇精练 Passage 1(2024 潍坊二模) 　 　 How has technology made your life easier? When you go to a shopping mall, you can 　 1　 free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with your phone. In fact, all of these things can be seen as the first building blocks of a smart city. The 　 2　 of a smart city was first suggested by tech company IBM in 2010. Generally, a smart city is a city 　 3　 uses digital (电子的) technology, such as 5G networks and the “ Internet of things”, to improve urban planning, save money and resources(资 源), and make our lives more convenient. 课标高频词句 1. shopping mall 　 2. public service 　 3. allow sb. to do sth. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 4. make sure　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 5. take time to do sth. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 6. join in　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Cities 　 4 　 Boston, Amsterdam and Copenhagen are already using smart technology to improve public services. In the US cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart rubbish bins(桶) can sense how 　 5　 they are and tell workers when they need to be cleaned. In Amsterdam, traffic is monitored(监测) and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors around the city. There are 　 6　 traffic jams. Smart cities will allow us to 　 7　 resources. By using sensors and 5G networks to check the usage of water, gas and electricity, city managers can make sure how to use these resources more efficiently. For example, water and gas pipes(管道) could 　 8 　 repair workers when there is a leak (泄漏). Air pollution could be more closely monitored, too. Of course, 　 9　 will take time to build the smart cities of the future. But since we􀆳ve already seen successful examples, it won􀆳t be long 　 10　 more cities join in. Tech Republic estimates(估计) that by 2050, about 60 percent of people worldwide will live in smart cities. ( D )1. A. ask B. find C. offer D. enjoy ( A )2. A. idea B. fact C. truth D. question ( A )3. A. that B. who C. what D. where ( C )4. A. as B. for C. like D. from ( A )5. A. full B. dirty C. polluted D. expensive ( B )6. A. less B. fewer C. busier D. heavier ( B )7. A. use B. save C. invent D. discover ( D )8. A. speak B. obey C. create D. remind ( A )9. A. it B. this C. that D. they ( C )10. A. since B. after C. before D. unless Passage 2 　 　 What will the world of the next generation(一代) look like? Many people today are confident that technology is going to help solve some of the most challenging problems we have on Earth today. 1. 　 A　 　 But it may also create new ones. No technology is perfect. 课标高频词句 1. dream about　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 2. be able to do sth. 　 3. traffic light　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 78 话题读写进阶训练·山东英语 话 题 读 写 精 讲 练 When we dream about the future, many of us like to think that we will be able to fly to the sky in our own personal flying car. The advantages are clear. This technology would allow total freedom of 4. break down　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 5. be used to do sth. 　 movement. We could fly at 480 km per hour, avoiding traffic lights and busy roads. 2. 　 G　 　 If the cars become popular, it is likely to cause a very heavy traffic. And what will happen if the cars break down? 3D printing is another new technology with exciting possibilities for the future. 3D printers are already used to make life-size models of car parts and man-made body parts, such as ears. As we move into the future, 3D printing will change the way we make things and the way we treat sick people. 3. 　 E　 　 Finally, imagine having your own Iron Man suit. Several companies are trying to build a practical robot suit. This is an electronic suit with robot arms and legs which follows the wearer􀆳s movements. It allows you to lift heavy objects and walk long distances(距离). 4. 　 D　 　 However, one disadvantage at the moment is cost. Even a simple robot suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. 5. 　 C　 　 One day, we will be able to fly to work, print out a new pair of shoes or lift a car above our heads. Although there are some problems to solve before all of these are possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer. A. New technology may solve old problems. B. These are problems we must expect in the future. C. Looking ahead, it is not difficult to imagine a future. D. And it even might help people walk again after disease. E. The disadvantage is that such a machine is very expensive. F. An advantage of 3D printing is that you can make products anywhere. G. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. Passage 3 Scanning QR codes makes life easier or harder? 　 　 Today, QR codes(二维码) are everywhere in our lives. However, scanning(扫描) them a lot might sometimes feel like a burden(负担). Is scanning QR codes for everything really convenient? What do you think? 　 　 Some people think using QR codes is convenient for us. We can scan a QR code to get on the bus without using cash. When you􀆳re at a store, you just need to show the QR code on your phone. Then you have paid for your toys or snacks. You don􀆳t 课标高频词句 1. feel like　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 2. be convenient for 　 3. worry about　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 4. help sb. ( to) do sth. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 5. all kinds of　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 6. take out　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 need to worry about getting the numbers wrong. Also QR codes help us get lots of information, and it􀆳s all fast and right. For example, in the zoo, there are QR codes everywhere. Scan them and you can learn all kinds of amazing facts about animals, like having a personal tour guide right on your phone. 　 　 But some people think scanning QR codes feels like a burden now in our everyday lives. 　 　 First, it takes more time. Back in the day, ordering food at a restaurant was simple—just talk to the waiter! Now, you might need to take out your phone and scan a QR code to follow a restaurant or an 88 话题读写进阶训练·山东英语 话 题 读 写 精 讲 练 official account(公众号). If there􀆳s no Internet, you can􀆳t even do that. Also when you scan some QR codes, there might be pop-up(弹出) ads. They may take you to some other pages. Or you need to share more of your information. Later, you may get calls and junk messages. 1. What can we scan to get on the bus without using cash? 　 2. Back in the day, what was simple to do at a restaurant? 　 3. What can people learn by scanning the QR code of the zoo? 　 4. What will happen if you share your own information? 　 5. What do you think about using QR codes in your daily lives? Why or why not? 　 　 　 　 拓展提升练 写作手法 How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? 　 D　 　 A. By comparing ideas. B. By listing numbers. C. By explaining reasons. D. By giving examples. Passage 4(2024 凉山州改编) 　 　 With the development of science and technology, our life is becoming more and more convenient. It seems that everything has been reinvented and 1. 　 　 　 　 ( improve), but there is one thing unlike them—a blind walking stick. It was invented over 100 years ago and has been used 2. 　 　 　 　 many blind people for a long time. However, it had remained unchanged until 3. 　 　 　 　 engineer named Kursat decided to make a change. Kursat is blind. He 4. 　 　 　 　 ( deep) understands the difficulties and challenges that the blind face. He put some technical knowledge into his invention and invented a smart stick, hoping 5. 　 　 　 　 (help) the blind. The smart stick 6. 　 　 　 　 ( use ) built-in speakers and different sensors(传感器) to warn about possible dangers. It helps 课标高频词句 1. It seems / seemed that􀆺 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 2. blind walking stick 　 3. make a change 　 4. technical knowledge 　 5. hope to do sth. 　 6. warn about 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 7. make a difference to 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 8. subway station 　 9. provide sth. for sb. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 blind people know about the environment around them. It makes their travel much 7. 　 　 　 　 ( easy) than before. In the future, this invention is going to make a big difference to more blind people. “It will not only change 8. 　 　 　 　 (I) life, but also the life of other people. ” Kursat said, “As a blind person, when I am at the subway station, I don􀆳t know which is my exit(出口). I don􀆳t know which bus is coming or which9. 　 　 　 　 (store) are around me. 10. 　 　 　 　 now, the smart stick can provide a lot of information for the blind,” he said, “ I believe the life of the blind will be much more convenient and safer. ” 98 参考答案·山东英语(SDJY) 话 题 读 写 进 阶 训 练 【试题答案】1. as　 2. third　 3. exactly　 4. provides 5. busiest 　 6. potatoes 　 7. a 　 8. its 　 9. to eat 　 10. because 话题写作精练 Passage 1 The Dragon Boat Festival There are many traditional festivals in China, and the Dragon Boat Festival holds a special place in my heart as my favorite festival. With a history of about 2,000 years, it falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year. On that day, Chinese people usually hold lots of interesting celebrations. The dragon boat race is the most popular, which truly is a combination of strength and beauty. And eating zongzi, which is a kind of sticky rice dumpling, is a tradition on the Dragon Boat Festival. It􀆳s said that the festival is to honor the great poet Qu Yuan. The reason why I love this festival is that it brings me much enjoyment. I can learn more about traditional culture, too. Celebrating the day also stands for Chinese people􀆳s love for our country. Passage 2 Dear Tom, I􀆳m very happy that you are interested in traditional Chinese stories. Well, let me tell you a famous one with the name “Sima Guang hit the tank”. Once Sima Guang was playing hide-and-seek with several children in the backyard. There was a large water tank in the yard. It was full of water. When the kids were playing, one child accidentally fell into the tank. Other children were so frightened that they started to run, crying for help. However, Sima Guang was different. He thought carefully and then had an idea. He picked up a big stone and threw it at the tank. “Bang!” The tank broke and the water ran out. The kid was saved. From the story, we know Sima Guang was brave and clever. When facing danger, we should calm down and try to find ways. Do you like the story? What do you think of Sima Guang? I am looking forward to hearing from you. Li Mei Passage 3 Hi, Chris! I am looking forward to your exchange visit. China is a country with a long history, so there are many customs here. Let me tell you some of them. First, you are supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time. Second, you should bring a gift when you are invited to a party and be sure to arrive on time or a few minutes earlier. Third, when you eat meals with others, it􀆳s rude to point at others with your chopsticks. And don􀆳t make noise when you have your soup. It􀆳s also impolite to stick your chopsticks into your food. I hope the advice above is helpful and see you soon! Love, Li Hua Passage 4 The Chinese Cultural Element in My Heart As a country with more than 5000-year history, China is famous for its traditional art forms such as calligraphy,kite- making, paper-cutting and Peking Opera. And as for me, making mooncakes plays a significant role in my heart. I still remember during the Mid-Autumn Festival this year, l took part in an activity which asked each of us to work with a foreign student to make mooncakes together. It was a good chance to help my foreign partner know how to make mooncakes with traditional cooking skills. At the same time, l also told him the famous folk story. Our mooncakes were ready. In the moonlight I was happy to enjoy the delicious mooncakes with him. l truly understood the meaning of the Mid-Autumn Day. After this activity we become friends. From recent photos sent to me, l am excited to know he and his family always make mooncakes, hoping to carry their wishes to the families and friends they love and miss. 话题 12　 科学与技术 话题随堂精讲 【课标高频词句】1. (飞机)起飞　 2. 迄今为止 3. 从……中收集　 4. 尽管,虽然;即使　 5. 找出;发现 6. ……的构成　 7. 对……很有价值 【试题答案】1. D　 2. A　 3. B　 4. D　 5. B 话题语篇精练 Passage 1【课标高频词句】1. 购物中心　 2. 公共服务　 3. 允许某人做某事　 4. 确保　 5. 花费时间做某事 6. 加入 【试题答案】1. D　 2. A　 3. A　 4. C　 5. A　 6. B 7. B　 8. D　 9. A　 10. C Passage 2【课标高频词句】1. 梦想　 2. 能够做某事 3. 红绿灯　 4. 出故障　 5. 被用于做某事 【试题答案】1. A　 2. G　 3. E　 4. D　 5. C Passage 3【课标高频词句】1. 感觉像　 2. 对……很方便 3. 担心　 4. 帮助某人做某事 　 5. 各种各样的 　 6. 拿 出,取出 【试题答案】1. A QR code. 2. It was simple to order food. 3. All kinds of amazing facts about animals. 4. You may get calls and junk messages. 5. I think using QR codes is convenient for us. Because it can make our life more convenient. / I don􀆳t think using QR codes is convenient for us. Because it takes more time. (开放性试题,答案不唯一,言之有理即可) 【拓展提升练】D Passage 4【课标高频词句】1. 似乎 / 好像……　 2. 盲人手 杖　 3. 做出改变　 4. 技术知识　 5. 希望做某事　 6. 就 ……提出警告　 7. 对……产生影响　 8. 地铁站　 9. 为 某人提供某物 【试题答案】1. improved　 2. by　 3. an　 4. deeply　 5. to help　 6. uses　 7. easier　 8. my　 9. stores　 10. But 话题 13　 生态与环保 话题随堂精讲 【课标高频词句】1. 匆忙做某事　 2. 和平常一样　 3. 接 某人　 4. 同时　 5. 太多　 6. 轮流做某事　 7. 为……感 到自豪 【试题答案】1. C　 2. D　 3. B　 4. A 话题语篇精练 Passage 1【课标高频词句】1. 因……而出名　 2. 去远足 3. 随着时间的流逝 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 9