命题点1 名词词义辨析-【一战成名新中考】2025安徽中考英语·一轮复习·精讲册优质课件PPT（讲册）

英语 1 第二部分 语法专题精讲 专题二 名词 2 知识必备 可数名词与不可数名词 名词按其是否可数，分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1.可数名词 可数名词指能够以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或事物。可数名词 分单数和复数形式。复数形式的变化如下： 3 （1）可数名词变复数的规则变化 构成方法 示例 一般情况加 -s star→stars gift→gifts invention→inventions 以字母s， x， sh， ch结尾 的词加 -es class→classes box→boxes brush→brushes watch→watches 特例：stomach→stomachs 4 构成方法 示例 以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再 加-es leaf→leaves knife→knives shelf→shelves wife→wives 特例：roof→roofs belief→beliefs scarf→scarfs/scarves 以辅音字母加y结尾的词先变 y为i，再加 -es party→parties baby→babies story→stories family→families 5 构成方法 示例 以元音字母加y结尾的词加 -s key→keys holiday→holidays monkey→monkeys 以ce， se， ze， ge等结尾 的词加 -s face→faces license→licenses prize→prizes orange→oranges 以o结尾有生命的加 -es， 无 生命的加 -s tomato→tomatoes hero→heroes potato→potatoes photo→photos piano→pianos 6 （2）可数名词变复数的不规则变化 构成方法 示例 a→e型 man→men woman→women fireman→firemen postman→postmen gentleman→gentlemen policeman→policemen policewoman→policewomen 特例：human→humans oo→ee型 foot→feet tooth→teeth 特例：boot→boots 7 构成方法 示例 “某国人”变化 口诀 ①中日永不变 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese ②英法a变e Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen ③其余s加后面 American→Americans Canadian→Canadians German→Germans Indian→Indians Russian→Russians 8 构成方法 示例 单复数同形 deer→deer sheep→sheep 合成词：将主 体词变为复数 passer-by→passers-by toothbrush→toothbrushes 其他 mouse→mice child→children 只能修饰可数名词的词（组）：few， a few， quite a few， several， many， a great/large number of等。 9 2.不可数名词 不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、 品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它 的前面不能用不定冠词a/an，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般要与一个名 词短语连用，相当于中文里的【数词+（量词）+ 名词】，其中的量词意 义根据与具体的名词搭配而定。 10 （1）不可数名词的分类 不可数名词分为以下四类： 抽象类：advice， time， news， help， fun， trouble， homework， knowledge， information， harm， progress， traffic， wealth… 材料类：paper， plastic， silk， gold， cotton… 饮食类：food， water， coffee， meat， bread， salt， rice， sugar… 自然类：light， fire， rain， wind， snow， ice， weather… 11 （2）不可数名词的量化 不可数名词量化的表达方式：数词/冠词+表示数量单位的名词+of+不可数 名词，如： a glass of milk 一杯牛奶 a piece of paper 一张纸 three kilos of rice三千克大米 12 （3）既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词的词 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 橙汁 experience 经历 经验 paper 试卷；论文 纸 exercise 练习 锻炼 radio 收音机 无线电 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间 iron 熨斗 铁 time 次数；倍数 时间 life 生命 生活 wood 树林 木头；木材 light 电灯 光；光线 work 作品 工作 13 1.只能修饰不可数名词的词（组）：little， a little， much， a good/great deal of， a bit of， a large/small amountof等； 2.既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词（组）：a lot of， lots of， plenty of， all， some， most， any， no， the rest of等。 14 命题点1 名词词义辨析 （单项填空：每年必考1道；完形填空：每年必考5~8道） 考点精讲 分析安徽近10年中考真题可知，名词词义辨析主要在单项填空和完形 填空中进行考查。 16 考点精练 1.[2024合肥庐阳中学三模]—Would you like to watch the new film with me this evening? —Oh， I'd love to， but I can't. I've accepted Kelly's ___. A. tradition B. invitation C. competition D. invention 2.[2024合肥包河区一模]—How can I get along well with others? —Smiling is one of the simplest ___ to develop a new friendship. A. standards B. results C. scores D. methods √ √ 17 3.[2024 C20教育联盟三模]The success of China's Space Program is the ___ of many scientists' hard work. A. idea B. result C. cause D. opinion 4.[2024芜湖三模]The movie tells a ___ of an old woman who has helped more than 1，000 children go to school. A. attention B. story C. form D. menu 5.[2024黄山二模]—Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in kung fu. —That's true. It's an important part of Chinese ___. A. value B. story C. culture D. history √ √ √ 18 6.[2024合肥瑶海区二模]—Did you have a ___ when you were a little boy， Dad? —Yes. I liked making plane models with my classmates. A. hobby B. diary C. stage D. prize 7.[2024淮北五校联考三模]—Do you know where I can see something about history? —You can visit a ___. A. museum B. park C. restaurant D. zoo √ √ 19 8.[2024齐齐哈尔]—The movie is popular with students. Do you know the ___ ? —It tells the real life of the students. A. result B. reason C. choice D. decision 9.[2024东营]—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam， your brain is more active when you are hungry. —Interesting! So in order to remember things better， we can study before ___. A. meals B. exams C. sleep D. exercise √ √ 20 10.[2024天津]Don't speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your ___ down. A. body B. voice C. interest D. service 11.[2024乐山]—World Sleep Day falls on March 21st. Do you think sleep is important? —I think so. Sleeping well can give you enough ___. A. courage B. energy C. reason D. knowledge √ √ 21 12.—Mr. Smith， could you give us some ___ about the school news website? —No problem. You can choose a theme first. A. decisions B. suggestions C. inventions D. advantages 13.—Some schools usually hold interesting ___ like school trips on Children's Day. —Wow! These are great ways to bring joy and fun to children. A. activities B. shows C. meetings D. competitions √ √ 22 14.Maria is thought to have good ___ in music. The songs she listens to are pleasant. A. talent B. style C. interest D. taste 15.My teacher gives me much ___ on improving English speaking skills. A. problem B. idea C. advice D. reply 16.We can look through a lot of ___ about a star， such as his age， height， hobbies and so on. A. information B. news C. message D. ability √ √ √ 23 17.Amy always wins high ___ from both her teachers and classmates because of her creative thinking. A. price B. prize C. praise D. pride 18.—Why are you late， Annie? —Because there was a lot of ___ when I came here. A. accident B. direction C. address D. traffic √ √ 24 $$