精品解析：北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

北京市朝阳区2024~2025学年度第一学期期末质量检测 高一英语试卷 (考试时间100分钟 满分100分) 本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用(共三节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 José is the caring director of a school in Nicaragua. And nothing brings him more satisfaction than giving to the students he cares about most. However, living on a low-income ___1___ José’s ability to show his generosity. He longed for a way to provide food and a joyful future for the children at his school but lacked the ___2___ to make it happen. Everything ___3___ when Convoy of Hope brought agricultural training to his village. José learned new techniques about garden management. His previous methods were replaced by more ___4___ ones, like setting up a water-saving irrigation (灌溉) system for the dry seasons. With his new skills, José ___5___ planted a garden at his school. The produce from the garden not only provided fresh snacks for the students but also became a hands-on learning opportunity. “Something that fills me with great joy is when the children get excited and can’t wait to ___6___ activities in the garden.” José said. The garden provides José with a ___7___ from daily stresses. “Maybe I had some difficulties in the day, but when I start to water the plants, I ___8___ the problems.” Strengthening individuals’ skills sets all around the world, Convoy of Hope’s agricultural program ___9___ people to provide for their families and give back to their communities. But this project is more than teaching knowledge. Just as José said, “It has managed to put a smile on children, and they feel a(n) ____10____ to move forward.” 1. A. proved B. developed C. suggested D. limited 2. A. time B. means C. plan D. drive 3. A. appeared B. stopped C. changed D. remained 4. A. expensive B. effective C. difficult D. basic 5. A. successfully B. quietly C. suddenly D. nearly 6. A. give up B. put off C. carry out D. pay for 7. A. break B. challenge C. tip D. choice 8. A. repeat B. value C. present D. forget 9. A. hires B. forces C. equips D. reminds 10. A. concern B. hope C. honour D. weight 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了José在Convoy of Hope的帮助下，学习了农业技术，成功地在学校种植了一个花园，为学生提供了新鲜的食物，也为孩子们提供了一个动手学习的机会。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，低收入限制了José展示慷慨的能力。A. proved证明；B. developed发展；C. suggested建议；D. limited限制。根据上文“However”可知，前后为转折关系，前文提到José喜欢给予，故可推测出他的能力被限制了。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他渴望为学校里的孩子们提供食物和一个快乐的未来，但却缺乏实现这一目标的方法。A. time时间；B. means方法，手段；C. plan计划；D. drive动力。根据上文“He longed for a way to provide food and a joyful future for the children at his school but lacked the”可知，他希望给孩子们提供食物和快乐，但是因为收入太低，因此缺乏实现这一目标的方法。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Convoy of Hope给他的村庄带来农业培训时，一切都改变了。A. appeared出现；B. stopped停止；C. changed改变；D. remained保持。根据下文“His previous methods were replaced by more ___4___ ones”可知，他以前的方法被更有效的方法所代替，因此当他的村庄有了农业培训时，一切都改变了。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他以前的方法被更有效的方法所代替，比如为旱季设置节水灌溉系统。A. expensive昂贵的；B. effective有效的；C. difficult困难的；D. basic基础的。根据下文“like setting up a water-saving irrigation (灌溉) system for the dry seasons.”可知，为旱季设置节水灌溉系统，这较以前的方法，更有效。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了新技能，José成功地在他的学校种植了一个花园。A. successfully成功地；B. quietly安静地；C. suddenly突然；D. nearly几乎。根据下文“The produce from the garden not only provided fresh snacks for the students but also became a hands-on learning opportunity.”可知，这一花园种植的农产品不仅为学生提供新鲜的零食，而且还成为了一个动手学习的机会，因此他成功地在学校种植了一个花园。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：José说道：“最让我高兴的是当孩子们兴奋起来，迫不及待地想在花园里开展活动的时候。”A. give up放弃；B. put off推迟；C. carry out执行，开展；D. pay for支付。根据下文“activities in the garden.”可知，最让José高兴的是孩子迫不及待地想要花园里开展活动。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个花园为José提供了休息放松的机会，让他从日常的压力中解脱出来。A. break休息；B. challenge挑战；C. tip建议；D. choice选择。根据下文“from daily stresses.”可知，花园让他从压力中解脱出来，给了他休息的机会。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“也许我白天遇到了一些困难，但当我开始给植物浇水时，我就忘记了这些问题。”A. repeat重复；B. value重视；C. present提出；D. forget忘记。根据上文“Maybe I had some difficulties in the day, but when I start to water the plants,”可知，他白天遇到了一些问题，但当他开始给植物浇水时，他就忘记了这些问题。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Convoy of Hope的农业项目加强了世界各地的个人技能，使人们能够养家糊口，回馈社区。A. hires雇用；B. forces强迫；C. equips装备；D. reminds提醒。根据下文“people to provide for their families and give back to their communities.”可知，此处指该项目让人们有能力养家糊口，回馈社会。equip sb. to do sth.意为“使某人有能力或准备好做某事”。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像José说的，“它让孩子们脸上露出了笑容，他们感到有希望继续前进。”A. concern关心；B. hope希望；C. honour荣誉；D. weight重量。根据上文“It has managed to put a smile on children,”可知，这个项目让孩子们脸上露出了笑容，让他们充满了希望继续前进。故选B。 第二节 选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词组并用其正确形式填空。 apply for calm down a variety of take up be concerned about tend to keep up with take advantage of put up be addicted to 11. Technology changes so fast that it’s hard to _________ it. 12. We _________ the warm weather and did some yard work. 13. He _________ playing online games last year, which seriously affected his studies. 14. There are _________ books in the library, so you can always find something interesting to read. 15. Every year, they _________ some holiday pictures in the living room to welcome the new year. 16 The room looks a bit crowded because the large sofa _________ too much of the living room. 17. I _________ a job at that famous company yesterday and is now waiting for the reply. 18 She _________ her Granny’s bad cough and she hopes it isn’t something serious. 19. Recent studies show that girls _________ be better at languages than boys. 20. It took me an hour to _________ after the argument. 【答案】11. keep up with 12. took advantage of 13. was addicted to 14. a variety of 15. put up 16. takes up 17. applied for 18. is concerned about 19. tend to 20. calm down 【解析】 【11题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：技术变化如此之快，以至于很难跟上它的步伐。根据“to…it”可知，空处填动词原形，构成不定式；根据句意可知，“keep up with”是固定搭配，意为“追上，赶上”，与题意相符。故填keep up with。 【12题详解】 考查固定搭配和时态。句意：我们利用温暖的天气做了一些庭院工作。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语动词，根据空后的“did”可知，此处用一般过去时；根据句意可知，“take advantage of”是固定搭配，意为“利用”，与题意相符。故填took advantage of。 【13题详解】 考查固定搭配和时态。句意：他去年沉迷于玩网络游戏，这严重影响了他的学习。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语动词，根据空后的“affected”可知，此处用一般过去时，主语“He”是单数，谓语动词用单数第三人称；根据句意可知，“be addicted to”是固定搭配，意为“沉迷于”，与题意相符。故填was addicted to。 【14题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：图书馆里有各种各样的书，所以你总能找到一些有趣的东西来读。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词或形容词短语修饰空后的books；根据句意可知，“a variety of”是固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”，与题意相符。故填a variety of。 【15题详解】 考查固定搭配和时态。句意：每年，他们都会在客厅挂一些节日照片来迎接新年。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语动词，根据空前的“Every year”可知，此处用一般现在时，主语“they”是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；根据句意可知，“put up”是固定搭配，意为“张贴，挂起”，与题意相符。故填put up。 【16题详解】 考查固定搭配和时态。句意：房间看起来有点拥挤，因为大沙发占据了客厅的太多空间。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语动词，根据空前的“looks”可知，此处用一般现在时，主语“the large sofa”是单数，谓语动词用单数第三人称；根据句意可知，“take up”是固定搭配，意为“占据（空间）”，与题意相符。故填takes up。 【17题详解】 考查固定搭配和时态。句意：我昨天申请了那家著名公司的职位，现在正在等待回复。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语动词，根据空后的“yesterday”可知，此处用一般过去时；根据句意可知，“apply for”是固定搭配，意为“申请”，与题意相符。故填applied for。 【18题详解】 考查固定搭配和时态。句意：她担心奶奶的严重咳嗽，希望这不是什么严重的问题。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语动词，根据空后的“hopes”可知，此处用一般现在时，主语“she”是单数，谓语动词用单数第三人称；根据句意可知，“be concerned about”是固定搭配，意为“担心”，与题意相符。故填is concerned about。 【19题详解】 考查固定搭配和时态。句意：最近的研究表明，女孩往往比男孩更擅长语言。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语动词，根据空前的“show”可知，此处用一般现在时，主语“that girls”是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；根据句意可知，“tend to do”是固定搭配，意为“倾向于……”，与题意相符。故填tend to。 【20题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：争吵后我花了整整一个小时才平静下来。根据“to…be better at languages than boys”可知，空处填动词原形，构成不定式；根据句意可知，“calm down”是固定搭配，意为“平静，冷静”，与题意相符。故填calm down。 第三节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 21. It is important for us _________ (have) a balanced, healthy diet.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：对我们来说，拥有均衡、健康的饮食是很重要的。此处为“It + be + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”句型，其中 It 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，所以此处应用to have。故填to have。 22. We had to take a different path because the road _________ (repair). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being repaired 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：我们不得不走另一条路，因为那条路正在修理。空处作谓语，根据“We had to take a different path”可知，此处表示说话的这一时刻路正在修理，时态应用过去进行时，repair和主语the road之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was being repaired。 23. _________ (enjoy) a grander sight, you must climb to a greater height. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To enjoy 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要看更壮观的景色，你必须爬到更高的高度。此处enjoy在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，首字母大写。故填To enjoy。 24. My friend called me last night and said he _________ (come) to see me this weekend. (所给词适当形式填空) 【答案】would come 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：我的朋友昨晚给我打电话，说他这个周末要来看我。根据句中“last night”以及“this weekend”可知，此处表示从过去看将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时，其结构为“would + 动词原形”，故填would come。 25. You work hard on your lessons and your efforts _________ (reward) with success in the end. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be rewarded 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：你努力学习功课，你的努力最终会得到成功的回报。主语efforts与谓语构成被动关系，且动作发生在将来，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be rewarded。 26. They traveled with a famous scientist _________ name often appears in the newspaper. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们和一位著名的科学家一起旅行，他的名字经常出现在报纸上。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“scientist”，指人，在从句中作定语，即“the scientist’s name often appears in the newspaper”，故应用关系代词“whose”引导从句。故填whose。 27. The canal _________ played an important role in ancient China is now being widened. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which##that 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这条对古中国很重要的运河现在正在被扩宽。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The canal，指物，且在定语从句中作主语，故应用which/that引导，故填which/that。 28. The purpose of education is _________ (develop) a fine personality in children. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to develop 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意：教育的目的是为了培养孩子好的品质。此处作表语，根据主语The purpose可知，此处应用不定式to do作表语，故填to develop。 29. Reading a good book is like _________ (talk) with a wise person. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】talking 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：读一本好书就像与智者交谈。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“is”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“like”意为“像”，为介词，故应用“talk”的动名词“talking”作宾语。故填talking。 30. This is the best decision _________ I have ever made. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我做过的最好的决定。空格处引导语从句，修饰先行词decision，且在从句作宾语，先行词由最高级修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。故填that。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The School of Arts at Oxford Brookes University brings together filmmakers, fine artists, musicians, photographers, news reporters and many more to form an inspiring, dynamic place of creatives. Research The School of Arts provides an energetic environment for teachers and students to develop their research and focuses on building research excellence by improving present and future strengths. We have a research center covering the fields of Art & Design, Digital Media, Film, Music, and Photography. We also have a series of research groups across all of our fields, where teachers work together and share their research projects. Courses The School of Arts offers a wide range of courses, from fine art to music digital media production, film studies and the news reporting. Aiming to help you form your own practice or get ready for future jobs, our courses use both classroom learning and creative practice to develop your interests. They build independent thinkers who think out of the box and produce creative works. Our arts students are well placed to get ready for different types of jobs in the creative industries. Student Life While your studies are a top thing, you will still want to make the most of everything else student life offers. Within the school, there are always projects you can work on outside of your chosen field of study. It could be that you wish to work with students learning other subjects, creating the music for a film or filming a piece of performance art. This might be part of your study or just something you would like to do for fun. Working together with other students across different subjects is a good way to make more friends. The School of Arts is proud to run university wide societies such as The Documentary Club and the University Orchestra and Choir. Please find us at query@brookes. ac. uk. 31. What can the School of Arts provide for students in their research? A. Various resources beyond art fields. B. Chances to learn in a dynamic environment. C. Different groups that focus on creating art works. D. A center where teachers and students work together. 32. After learning the courses in the School of Art, students will _________. A. develop their creative skills B. be ready for classroom learning C. need to hand in their art works D. be offered a job in the art industries 33. Besides subject learning, students at the School of Art can _________. A. receive job training B. manage all school clubs C. build friendships with famous artists D. work on projects across different fields 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了牛津布鲁克斯大学艺术学院的艺术研究项目，艺术课程，及学院学生生活。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The School of Arts provides an energetic environment for teachers and students to develop their research and focuses on building research excellence by improving present and future strengths.(艺术学院为教师和学生提供了一个充满活力的环境来发展他们的研究，并专注于通过提高现在和未来的优势来建立卓越的研究)”可知，艺术学院能为学生的研究提供在充满活力的环境中学习的机会。故选B。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“They build independent thinkers who think out of the box and produce creative works.(他们培养独立思考者，让他们跳出思维定式，创造出创造性的作品)”可知，在学习完艺术学院的课程后，学生将培养出创造性的技能。故选A。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Within the school, there are always projects you can work on outside of your chosen field of study.(学院内，你总是可以在你选择的学习领域之外从事项目)”可知，除了自己所选的学科领域，艺术学院的学生还可以从事其他不同领域的项目。故选D。 B One Saturday night in the spring of 2023, while most of her friends were relaxing, Elizabeth Smart, then 16, was studying in an underground room in her parents’ house. She was trying to work out how patients with blood cancers respond to CAR T-cell therapy, one of the newest and most hopeful treatments for blood cancers. Elizabeth was drawn to cancer research for two reasons: stories of children with cancer, like “Penn the Brave,” and her grandmother’s death from cancer. She hoped to relieve the pain of people like them. So when Elizabeth was looking for a science-project topic and her father emailed her a news report about CAR T-cell therapy, she decided to explore further. Elizabeth used the results from a 2022 Yale University study explaining what causes the failure of CAR T-cell treatment and tried to identify genetic biomarkers (遗传生物标志物) that would tell a patient’s response to the treatment in order to make it more effective. She even developed a way to study genetic information through specialized software instead of traditional lab work. Through late nights of uploading information and analyzing RNA sequences (序列), Elizabeth discovered certain genetic information in RNA sequences — which decides everything from hair colour to how your immune system fights diseases — could tell a patient’s response to CAR T-cell therapy, and could one day help develop more effective treatment and fewer side effects. Starting the project two years ago, Elizabeth found reading original research papers too difficult, so she taught herself by reading books, open-source papers and watching YouTube videos for non-professional people. “I thought about giving up so many times,” says Elizabeth. Instead she turned to online groups, where professional and non-professional scientists alike shared tips on similar challenges. Her research paper, titled “Optimization of CAR T-Cell therapy Using RNA-Sequencing Analysis for Biomarker Identification”, made Elizabeth not only a national science-fair champion but also won her first place at the annual European Union Contest for Young Scientists in Brussels this past fall. As she graduates from high school this year and starts preparing for university, Elizabeth is looking forward to working in a lab — not just in her parents’ house. 34. Why did Elizabeth want to do research on CAR T-Cell therapy? A. Because she had heard a lot about it. B. Because it was her science project topic. C. Because her father asked her to work on it. D. Because she wanted to help people with cancer. 35. What challenge did Elizabeth come across during her research? A. Lack of professional background. B. Limited access to traditional laboratory. C. Difficulty in getting professional guidance. D. Heavy work of uploading genetic information. 36 Which word would best describe Elizabeth? A. Honest. B. Hardworking. C. Strict. D. Confident. 37. What can we learn from this passage? A. Many hands make light work. B. A new way is better than sweat. C. Young people can make a difference. D. Love and understanding is priceless. 【答案】34. D 35. A 36. B 37. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了16岁的Elizabeth通过自己的努力在癌症研究方面取得了显著成果，她的研究论文使她成为全国科学展冠军，并在欧洲青年科学家竞赛中获得第一名。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Elizabeth was drawn to cancer research for two reasons: stories of children with cancer, like “Penn the Brave,” and her grandmother’s death from cancer. She hoped to relieve the pain of people like them. (Elizabeth被癌症研究所吸引，有两个原因：一是癌症儿童的故事，比如勇敢的Penn，二是她的祖母死于癌症。她希望减轻像他们这样的人的痛苦)”可知，她研究CAR T-Cell疗法是为了帮助癌症患者。故选D项。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Starting the project two years ago, Elizabeth found reading original research papers too difficult, so she taught herself by reading books, open-source papers and watching YouTube videos for non-professional people. (两年前开始这个项目时，Elizabeth发现阅读原创研究论文太难了，所以她通过阅读书籍、开源论文和观看非专业人士的YouTube视频来自学)”可知，挑战在于Elizabeth缺乏专业背景。故选A项。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“One Saturday night in the spring of 2023, while most of her friends were relaxing, Elizabeth Smart, then 16, was studying in an underground room in her parents’ house. (2023年春天的一个周六晚上，当她的大多数朋友都在放松的时候，16岁的Elizabeth Smart正在父母家的一间地下房间里学习)”和第四段中““I thought about giving up so many times,” says Elizabeth. Instead she turned to online groups, where professional and non-professional scientists alike shared tips on similar challenges. (“我多次想过放弃，”Elizabeth说。她转而求助于网络小组，在那里，专业和非专业的科学家都分享了关于类似挑战的建议)”可知，在大多数朋友都在放松的时候，Elizabeth独自在地下房间研究，遇到困难想放弃时又坚持下来。这些都体现了她非常勤奋努力。故选B项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中“Through late nights of uploading information and analyzing RNA sequences (序列), Elizabeth discovered certain genetic information in RNA sequences — which decides everything from hair colour to how your immune system fights diseases — could tell a patient’s response to CAR T-cell therapy, and could one day help develop more effective treatment and fewer side effects. (通过深夜上传信息和分析RNA序列，Elizabeth发现了RNA序列中的某些遗传信息——它决定了从头发颜色到免疫系统如何对抗疾病的一切——可以告诉病人对CAR T细胞疗法的反应，有朝一日可以帮助开发更有效的治疗方法，减少副作用)”可知，文章讲述了16岁的Elizabeth通过自己的努力在癌症研究方面取得了显著成果，她的研究论文使她成为全国科学展冠军，并在欧洲青年科学家竞赛中获得第一名。这表明年轻人也能有所作为，做出重要贡献。故选C项。 C We can struggle to maintain working relationships when our social group grows too large, but Artificial Intelligence (AI) models may not face the same limitation. What is Artificial Intelligence Dating back to the 1990s, the scientist Robin Dunbar presented that the number of relationships we can maintain is typically about 150 due to the size of our brains. Now, researchers have applied this idea, known as Dunbar’s number, to AI models and found that the most powerful ones with the largest “brains” can manage groups of up to 1000. Giordano De Marzo and his colleagues at the University of Konstanz experimented whether AI models like ChatGPT act like humans when “talking” to each other in groups. They ran many copies of the same AI model at once, giving each an opinion on a problem without obvious answers. At each step of the experiment, they chose one copy by chance and told it what opinion all the other copies held and why, and then asked if it would like to update its own. The team found that the high-end AI models like GPT-4 Turbo reached agreement every time. Yet copies of smaller and less powerful models like GPT-3.5 Turbo never reached agreement. The results showed that although the models in each test were the same, there was no inborn system for agreement, at least until they became capable enough. The researchers then tried to find an upper limit on each model’s ability to reach agreement — their own Dunbar’s number. For some models, like Llama 370b, the agreement process became increasingly slow as the group size grew, ending up with a Dunbar’s number of 50. But for other models, like GPT-4 Turbo, this ability never slowed down even once 1000 copies were working together. “I was very surprised,” says De Marzo. “We were able to simulate (模拟) up to thousands of models and there was no sign at all of a breaking of the ability to form a community.” He adds that memory is key. While we may struggle to recall facts, faces and opinions at a certain point, AI is limited only by its hardware. Philip Feldman at the University of Maryland, however, says AI models with a high Dunbar number may be able to reach agreement on a problem, but that doesn’t necessarily mean they will find a good solution. He believes diversity (多样性) is key to problem-solving, which is hard in groups made up of the same AI model. A larger concern is whether it even makes sense to talk about copies of an AI model as a group of individuals, says Michael Rovatsos at the University of Edinburgh. “The models don’t understand what they are, how they are separate from other models or what the experiment’s purpose is.” 38. Researchers applied Dunbar’s number to AI models to _________. A. test their memory competence B. observe their social behaviour in groups C. record the working speed of different AI models D. find the limit of AI models to maintain relationships 39. What can be inferred from the research of Giordano De Marzo’s team? A. AI models have the ability to take over larger groups than humans. B. AI models’ ability to form communities is limited by human memory. C. AI models can replace humans in managing difficult social interactions. D. AI models’ performance in reaching agreement depends on their capabilities. 40. What can we learn from this passage? A. AI models with a high Dunbar number solve problems better. B. Copies of the same AI model lack the ability to think independently. C. AI models with large “brains” have an inborn system for agreement. D Copies of the same AI model update their opinions without extra information. 41. As for the use of AI models in social activities, the author is _________. A. supportive B. puzzled C. careful D. unconcerned 【答案】38. D 39. D 40. B 41. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了研究表明，在工作和生活中，人工智能可以维持的关系数量比人类更多。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Now, researchers have applied this idea, known as Dunbar’s number, to AI models and found that the most powerful ones with the largest “brains” can manage groups of up to 1000. (现在，研究人员将这一被称为邓巴数的想法应用于人工智能模型，发现拥有最大“大脑”的最强大的模型可以管理多达1000个群体。)”可知，研究人员将邓巴数应用于人工智能模型，得出结论，人工智能可以维持的关系数量最多达到1000个群体，由此可知，研究人员将邓巴数应用于人工智能模型，是为了找出人工智能模型维持关系的极限。故选D项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段内容“The team found that the high-end AI models like GPT-4 Turbo reached agreement every time. Yet copies of smaller and less powerful models like GPT-3.5 Turbo never reached agreement. The results showed that although the models in each test were the same, there was no inborn system for agreement, at least until they became capable enough. (该团队发现，GPT-4 Turbo等高端AI模型每次都能达成一致。然而，GPT-3.5 Turbo等较小、功能较弱的模型从未达成一致。结果表明，尽管每次测试中的模型都是相同的，但至少在它们变得足够有能力之前，没有天生的一致性系统。)”可知，人工智能模型在达成一致方面的表现取决于它们的能力，GPT-4 Turbo等高端AI模型每次都能达成一致，GPT-3.5 Turbo等较小、功能较弱的模型从未达成一致，由此可知，从Giordano De Marzo团队的研究中可以推断出人工智能模型在达成一致方面的表现取决于它们的能力。故选D项。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Philip Feldman at the University of Maryland, however, says AI models with a high Dunbar number may be able to reach agreement on a problem, but that doesn’t necessarily mean they will find a good solution. He believes diversity (多样性) is key to problem-solving, which is hard in groups made up of the same AI model. (然而，马里兰大学的Philip Feldman表示，邓巴数较高的人工智能模型可能能够就一个问题达成一致，但这并不一定意味着它们会找到一个好的解决方案。他认为多样性是解决问题的关键，这在由相同AI模型组成的群体中很难做到。)”可知，同一人工智能模型的副本并不能够针对问题找到一个好的解决方案，由此可知，同一人工智能模型的副本缺乏独立思考的能力。故选B项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“A larger concern is whether it even makes sense to talk about copies of an AI model as a group of individuals, says Michael Rovatsos at the University of Edinburgh. “The models don’t understand what they are, how they are separate from other models or what the experiment’s purpose is.”(爱丁堡大学的Michael Rovatsos说，一个更大的问题是，将人工智能模型的副本作为一组个体来讨论是否有意义。“这些模型不了解它们是什么，它们如何与其他模型分开，或者实验的目的是什么。”)”可知，作者引用爱丁堡大学的Michael Rovatsos的话，人工智能模型不了解它们是什么，讨论人工智能模型在社会活动中的应用是否有意义？由此可知，关于人工智能模型在社会活动中的应用，作者是小心的，不确定是否有意义。故选C项。 D Since the early days of popular culture, fans have been viewed with a doubtful reputation, often labeled as unreasonable or aberrant, presenting a threat to the social order or suggesting a kind of mental illness. However, social psychologists offer a different view on fan culture. From within, fandoms (fan groups) look surprisingly normal. Our social lives are defined by our tendency to seek out others who share our personalities, background, interests or outlook. We are natural to live in groups, a reality that shapes almost everything we do. This simple act of partnership and belonging can be powerful. For many fans, being part of a fandom can be life-changing. One fan of Jane Austen, for instance, described how connecting with others who shared her love of Jane Austen and period dramas helped her through a difficult time, saying, “I’ve finally found my people.” Fandoms also differ from other social groups in that they bring together people from different backgrounds. Fans are drawn in by a common interest, but they stay for a host of reasons: to be entertained, to broaden their view, to experience a particular reality, to connect with like-minded others or to trade theories about their favorite topics. It might seem surprising that sharing an interest can lead to such enriching experiences, but this kind of “minimal group” effect is well known in social psychology. Henri Tajfel, a pioneer in this field, found that people could be encouraged to form loyal groups on the simplest reasons, such as a preference for a particular artist. Tajfel believed group membership gives people their own social identities, providing meaning to an otherwise empty situation. A social identity gives us a sense of ourselves in relation to others: we are who we are because of what we share with them. Social identity is separate from personal identity, which reflects individual traits such as physical appearance and personality. During those moments when you feel like an important part of a group like watching a football match, your social identity is more outstanding than your personal one. Tajfel’s theories help explain why fandoms are so powerful and widespread. Groups like Swifties may look different in their tastes and attitudes, but the dynamics behind them all are very similar. There is little to fear in the passion of these fans, and much to celebrate. 42. What does the underlined word “aberrant” in Paragraph I most probably mean? A. Creative. B. Organized. C. Abnormal. D. Traditional 43. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Fandoms promote connection and belonging. B. There are reasonable concerns about fandom passion. C. Fandoms provide individuals with a personal identity. D. People prefer groups that share common social backgrounds. 44. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Fans as Social Groups: Fandoms and Madness B. Fandoms Uncovered: The Dangerous Side of Fandoms C. The Influence of Fandoms: Fans and Their Unusual Behaviours D. From Misunderstood to Empowered: The True Impact of Fandoms 【答案】42. C 43. A 44. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了粉丝曾经被认为名声不好，但是心理学家对粉丝文化提出了不同的看法，认为粉丝团可以促进联系和归属感。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“fans have been viewed with a doubtful reputation, often labeled as unreasonable or(粉丝就被认为名声不太好，经常被贴上不合理或……的标签)”以及后文“presenting a threat to the social order or suggesting a kind of mental illness(对社会秩序构成威胁或暗示一种精神疾病)”可知，粉丝名声不太好，被贴上了不合理的标签，且对社会秩序构成威胁或暗示一种精神疾病，说明粉丝被认为反常，故划线词意思是“反常的”。故选C。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“This simple act of partnership and belonging can be powerful.(这种简单的伙伴关系和归属感的行为可以是强大的)”以及第四段“Fandoms also differ from other social groups in that they bring together people from different backgrounds. Fans are drawn in by a common interest, but they stay for a host of reasons: to be entertained, to broaden their view, to experience a particular reality, to connect with like-minded others or to trade theories about their favorite topics.(粉丝团与其他社会群体的不同之处在于，它将不同背景的人聚集在一起。粉丝们被共同的兴趣所吸引，但他们留下的原因有很多：娱乐，拓宽视野，体验特定的现实，与志同道合的人联系，或者就他们喜欢的话题交换理论)”可知，粉丝团促进联系和归属感。故选A。 【44题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Since the early days of popular culture, fans have been viewed with a doubtful reputation, often labeled as unreasonable or aberrant, presenting a threat to the social order or suggesting a kind of mental illness. However, social psychologists offer a different view on fan culture.(从流行文化的早期开始，粉丝就被认为名声不太好，经常被贴上不合理或异常的标签，对社会秩序构成威胁或暗示一种精神疾病。然而，社会心理学家对粉丝文化提出了不同的看法)”以及文章主要说明了粉丝曾经被认为名声不好，但是心理学家对粉丝文化提出了不同的看法，认为粉丝团可以促进联系和归属感。可知，D选项“从误解到获得权利：粉丝团的真正影响”最符合文章标题。故选D。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Future astronauts could potentially rely on food made from bacteria (细菌) that feed on minor planets, to produce a kind of yogurt. While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves, the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth. ___45___ That’s why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario, Canada, decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food. This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets. But Pearce’s team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags. ___46___ The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder. ___47___ “We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food,” he says. “It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using, more or less, has a third each for the three major nutrients people need.” If the idea is sound, a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, could feed between 600 and 17,000 astronauts for a year, says Pearce. ___48___ A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space. This would take a long time to get everything in place. ___49___ They plan to start off with coal and then moving to space rocks that have fallen to Earth. A. It would be impossible for more distant, longer-lasting tasks. B. So the researchers hope to test the idea on a lower level in the coming year. C. Future astronauts could soon enjoy a nutritionally perfect diet made from bacteria. D. While that might not sound delicious, Pearce says the bacteria are well-suited for human needs. E. They heated the plastic without oxygen and then fed this to a mixture of bacteria that eat carbon. F. Although there is certainly hope, it is still a very futuristic idea that needs to be thought through. G. The exact number depends on how effectively the bacteria can break down the minor planet’s carbon materials. 【答案】45. A 46. E 47. D 48. G 49. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了一种未来宇航员可能在太空中获取食物的新方法：利用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物，类似于酸奶或粉末。如果成功，这种方法可以在小行星上大规模生产食物，为未来的太空探索提供支持。 【45题详解】 根据空前“While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves, the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth.(虽然国际空间站上的宇航员已经尝试种植沙拉叶，但在太空中消费的大部分食物都是从地球运输过去的)”和空后“That’s why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario, Canada, decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food.(这就是为什么加拿大安大略省西安大略大学的约书亚·皮尔斯决定尝试使用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物)”可知，太空使用的大部分食物来自地球，因此更加遥远且持久的任务是不可能的，因为食物无法供应，因此推断A项“这对于更远距离、更长时间的任务来说是不可能的。”符合语境，并且引出下文的解决办法——尝试使用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物，故选A。 【46题详解】 根据前文“This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets. But Pearce’s team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags.( 这一过程尚未在真正的行星上进行。但皮尔斯的团队已经进行了类似的实验，使用细菌分解军队食品供应袋中的塑料残留物)”和后文“The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder.(最终的细菌混合物看起来像一种棕色奶昔，团队还尝试将这种物质干燥，以生产出类似酸奶或粉末的东西)”可知，本段讲述实验过程，因此E项“他们在没有氧气的情况下加热塑料，然后将其喂给一种以碳为食的细菌混合物。”符合语境，承上启下。故选E。 【47题详解】 根据后文““We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food,” he says. “It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using, more or less, has a third each for the three major nutrients people need.”(“我们进行了营养研究，结果发现它几乎是一种完美的食物，”他说。“我们使用的细菌混合物中，几乎三分之一是人类所需的三大主要营养素之一。”)”可知，此处是一位研究人员介绍的研究结果，结合前文应是Joshua Pearce说的话，因此推断D项“虽然这听起来可能不太美味，但皮尔斯表示，这些细菌非常适合人类的需求。”符合语境，承接前一段，介绍实验的食物。故选D。 【48题详解】 根据前文“If the idea is sound, a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, could feed between 600 and 17,000 astronauts for a year, says Pearce.(如果这个想法是可行的，皮尔斯表示，一个类似2020年NASA访问的贝努小行星的500米宽的小行星，每年可以为600到17000名宇航员提供食物)”可知，实验成功后可以在一个500米宽的小行星，每年可以为600到17000名宇航员提供食物，因此推断G项“具体数字取决于细菌分解小行星碳物质的效率。”符合语境，与前文语境相符。故选G。 【49题详解】 根据前文“A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space. This would take a long time to get everything in place.(一个完整的行星食物项目将需要一个“工业级智能机器”在太空中运行。这需要很长时间才能将一切安排妥当)”和后文“They plan to start off with coal and then moving to space rocks that have fallen to Earth.( 他们计划从煤炭开始，然后转向落到地球上的太空岩石)”可知，在太空运行的“工业级智能机器”需要很长时间才能安排妥当，研究人员计划从煤炭开始研究，因此推断B项“因此，研究人员希望在来年在较低水平上测试这个想法。”符合语境，前后文是因果关系，故选B。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When I tell friends I’ve written a book about social connection, one of the most common questions I get is about “lost” friendships, the relationships with people whom someone has lost touch with over time. Should we reconnect or let them stay in the past? Two recent papers suggest that we can all be a bit braver about reaching out. The first comes from Peggy Liu at the University of Pittsburgh and her colleagues. The team asked some people to provide information of a person with whom they hadn’t been in touch for a while. They then wrote a note to that person and answered some questions about how much they thought the friend would value the gesture. The researchers forwarded the note to the named person along with a questionnaire about their feelings. It was found that the receivers welcomed the notes far more than the authors had expected, but it’s a pity that the desire to reconnect was often balanced by a fear of being rejected. The second paper is by Lara Aknin at Simon Fraser University and Gillian Sandstrom at the University of Sussex. They found that as many as 90 percent of people have lost touch with at least one old friend, but many are now unwilling to make the first move — even when researchers gave them the time to do so. Exploring further, they found that it arose from some concerns: the people worried about what to say, and they feared that the friend had changed. The old friends had started to feel like strangers, and this made Aknin and Sandstrom wonder whether a little practice at building new ties might give people the confidence to strengthen their older ones too. Sure enough, they found that asking people to start a conversation with strangers increased the chances of reaching out to their oldest friends. Our social confidence seems like a muscle — the more we use it, the stronger it becomes. We just need to have the courage to start. 50. What are the “lost” friendships? ___________________________________________________________ 51. Based on the two papers, why do people hesitate to reconnect with old friends? ___________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to Aknin and Sandstrom, asking people to engage with strangers reduced the chances for them to reach out to their oldest friends. ___________________________________________________________ 53. What can you do to overcome the fear of reaching out to old friends? (In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】50. The relationships with people whom someone has lost touch with over time. 51. They had a fear of being rejected, worried about what to say, and feared that their friends had changed. 52. According to Aknin and Sandstrom, asking people to engage with strangers reduced the chances for them to reach out to their oldest friends. Asking people to start a conversation with strangers increased the chances of reaching out to their oldest friends. 53. To ease the nervousness of initiating a meet-up, I can start by contacting them through social media. I can follow up on one of their most recent posts to spark conversation about what they’re up to, gradually building the relationship in a way that feels natural to me. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们是否应该与失去联系的朋友重新建立联系的问题，并给出了一些研究结果和建议。 【50题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“When I tell friends I’ve written a book about social connection, one of the most common questions I get is about “lost” friendships, the relationships with people whom someone has lost touch with over time.(当我告诉朋友们我写了一本关于社交联系的书时，我最常被问到的问题之一就是 “失去的” 友谊，即随着时间的推移与某人失去联系的人际关系)”可知，“失去的”友谊指的是随着时间推移与某人失去联系的人际关系，故答案为The relationships with people whom someone has lost touch with over time. 【51题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“It was found that the receivers welcomed the notes far more than the authors had expected, but it’s a pity that the desire to reconnect was often balanced by a fear of being rejected.(研究发现，收到信件的人对信件的欢迎程度远远超出了写信人的预期，但遗憾的是，重新联系的愿望往往会被害怕被拒绝的心理所抵消)”以及第三段“Exploring further, they found that it arose from some concerns: the people worried about what to say, and they feared that the friend had changed.(进一步探究后，他们发现这源于一些担忧：人们担心该说什么，还担心朋友已经变了)”可知，人们犹豫是否与老朋友重新联系是因为害怕被拒绝、担心不知道说什么以及担心朋友已经变了，故答案为They had a fear of being rejected, worried about what to say, and feared that their friends had changed. 【52题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“Sure enough, they found that asking people to start a conversation with strangers increased the chances of reaching out to their oldest friends.(果然，他们发现让人们与陌生人开始交谈增加了与老朋友重新联系的机会)”可知，原句中“reduced the chances (减少机会)”表述错误，应将其下划线，原因就是文中明确表明让人们与陌生人开始交谈是增加了与老朋友重新联系的机会，故答案为：According to Aknin and Sandstrom, asking people to engage with strangers reduced the chances for them to reach out to their oldest friends. Asking people to start a conversation with strangers increased the chances of reaching out to their oldest friends. 【53题详解】 考查阅读表达。根据最后一段“Our social confidence seems like a muscle—the more we use it, the stronger it becomes. We just need to have the courage to start(我们的社交自信就像肌肉一样，用得越多就越强壮，我们只需要有开始的勇气)”可知，社交自信就像肌肉一样，用得越多就越强壮，我们只需要有开始的勇气。因此，为了克服联系老朋友的恐惧，可以从增加社交自信入手，比如通过社交媒体联系对方，或者回忆过去美好的时光来增加信心等。故答案为To ease the nervousness of initiating a meet-up, I can start by contacting them through social media. I can follow up on one of their most recent posts to spark conversation about what they’re up to, gradually building the relationship in a way that feels natural to me. 第二节(20分) 54. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim听说中国的“春节”申遗成功，他发来邮件表示祝贺并希望了解更多。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.介绍中国人过春节的习俗； 2.说明春节的意义。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Thank you for your congratulations! I’m excited to share more about Chunjie with you. During the festival, it is a must to have a family reunion dinner on New Year’s Eve, where family members gather to enjoy a feast featuring dishes like dumplings and fish. Besides, people decorate houses with paper cuts and red lanterns to invite good fortune. It is also a custom to set off fireworks to scare away evil spirits and welcome the new year with joy. The meaning of Chunjie goes beyond just celebrations. It’s a time to ring out the old and ring in the new. Most importantly, it embodies the traditional Chinese virtue of respecting ancestors and emphasizing family unity. I hope this helps you understand Chunjie better. Join us in celebrating it if you can! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生给外国笔友Jim写一封回信，向他介绍中国人过春节的习俗以及春节的意义。 【详解】1.词汇积累： 激动的：excited→thrilled 而且：besides→what’s more/additionally/in addition 强调：emphasize→put emphasis on/stress 高兴：joy→happiness/pleasure/delight 2.句式拓展： 原句：Most importantly, it embodies the traditional Chinese virtue of respecting ancestors and emphasizing family unity. 拓展句：What is important is that it embodies the traditional Chinese virtue of respecting ancestors and emphasizing family unity. 【点睛】【高分句型1】During the festival, it is a must to have a family reunion dinner on New Year’s Eve, where family members gather to enjoy a feast featuring dishes like dumplings and fish.(运用了where引导非限制性定语从句以及现在分词作定语) 【高分句型2】It is also a custom to set off fireworks to scare away evil spirits and welcome the new year with joy.(运用了it作形式主语和不定式作目的状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市朝阳区2024~2025学年度第一学期期末质量检测 高一英语试卷 (考试时间100分钟 满分100分) 本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用(共三节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 José is the caring director of a school in Nicaragua. And nothing brings him more satisfaction than giving to the students he cares about most. However, living on a low-income ___1___ José’s ability to show his generosity. He longed for a way to provide food and a joyful future for the children at his school but lacked the ___2___ to make it happen. Everything ___3___ when Convoy of Hope brought agricultural training to his village. José learned new techniques about garden management. His previous methods were replaced by more ___4___ ones, like setting up a water-saving irrigation (灌溉) system for the dry seasons. With his new skills, José ___5___ planted a garden at his school. The produce from the garden not only provided fresh snacks for the students but also became a hands-on learning opportunity. “Something that fills me with great joy is when the children get excited and can’t wait to ___6___ activities in the garden.” José said. The garden provides José with a ___7___ from daily stresses. “Maybe I had some difficulties in the day, but when I start to water the plants, I ___8___ the problems.” Strengthening individuals’ skills sets all around the world, Convoy of Hope’s agricultural program ___9___ people to provide for their families and give back to their communities. But this project is more than teaching knowledge. Just as José said, “It has managed to put a smile on children, and they feel a(n) ____10____ to move forward.” 1. A. proved B. developed C. suggested D. limited 2. A. time B. means C. plan D. drive 3. A. appeared B. stopped C. changed D. remained 4. A. expensive B. effective C. difficult D. basic 5. A. successfully B. quietly C. suddenly D. nearly 6. A. give up B. put off C. carry out D. pay for 7. A. break B. challenge C. tip D. choice 8. A. repeat B. value C. present D. forget 9. A. hires B. forces C. equips D. reminds 10. A. concern B. hope C. honour D. weight 第二节 选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词组并用其正确形式填空。 apply for calm down a variety of take up be concerned about tend to keep up with take advantage of put up be addicted to 11. Technology changes so fast that it’s hard to _________ it. 12 We _________ the warm weather and did some yard work. 13. He _________ playing online games last year, which seriously affected his studies. 14. There are _________ books in the library, so you can always find something interesting to read. 15. Every year, they _________ some holiday pictures in the living room to welcome the new year. 16. The room looks a bit crowded because the large sofa _________ too much of the living room. 17. I _________ a job at that famous company yesterday and is now waiting for the reply. 18. She _________ her Granny’s bad cough and she hopes it isn’t something serious. 19. Recent studies show that girls _________ be better at languages than boys. 20. It took me an hour to _________ after the argument. 第三节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 21. It is important for us _________ (have) a balanced, healthy diet.(所给词的适当形式填空) 22. We had to take a different path because the road _________ (repair). (所给词的适当形式填空) 23. _________ (enjoy) a grander sight, you must climb to a greater height. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24. My friend called me last night and said he _________ (come) to see me this weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25. You work hard on your lessons and your efforts _________ (reward) with success in the end. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26. They traveled with a famous scientist _________ name often appears in the newspaper. (用适当的词填空) 27. The canal _________ played an important role in ancient China is now being widened. (用适当的词填空) 28. The purpose of education is _________ (develop) a fine personality in children. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29. Reading a good book is like _________ (talk) with a wise person. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30. This is the best decision _________ I have ever made. (用适当的词填空) 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The School of Arts at Oxford Brookes University brings together filmmakers, fine artists, musicians, photographers, news reporters and many more to form an inspiring, dynamic place of creatives. Research The School of Arts provides an energetic environment for teachers and students to develop their research and focuses on building research excellence by improving present and future strengths. We have a research center covering the fields of Art & Design, Digital Media, Film, Music, and Photography. We also have a series of research groups across all of our fields, where teachers work together and share their research projects. Courses The School of Arts offers a wide range of courses, from fine art to music digital media production, film studies and the news reporting. Aiming to help you form your own practice or get ready for future jobs, our courses use both classroom learning and creative practice to develop your interests. They build independent thinkers who think out of the box and produce creative works. Our arts students are well placed to get ready for different types of jobs in the creative industries. Student Life While your studies are a top thing, you will still want to make the most of everything else student life offers. Within the school, there are always projects you can work on outside of your chosen field of study. It could be that you wish to work with students learning other subjects, creating the music for a film or filming a piece of performance art. This might be part of your study or just something you would like to do for fun. Working together with other students across different subjects is a good way to make more friends. The School of Arts is proud to run university wide societies such as The Documentary Club and the University Orchestra and Choir. Please find us at query@brookes. ac. uk. 31. What can the School of Arts provide for students in their research? A. Various resources beyond art fields. B. Chances to learn in a dynamic environment. C. Different groups that focus on creating art works. D. A center where teachers and students work together. 32. After learning the courses in the School of Art, students will _________. A. develop their creative skills B. be ready for classroom learning C. need to hand in their art works D. be offered a job in the art industries 33. Besides subject learning students at the School of Art can _________. A. receive job training B. manage all school clubs C build friendships with famous artists D. work on projects across different fields B One Saturday night in the spring of 2023, while most of her friends were relaxing, Elizabeth Smart, then 16, was studying in an underground room in her parents’ house. She was trying to work out how patients with blood cancers respond to CAR T-cell therapy, one of the newest and most hopeful treatments for blood cancers. Elizabeth was drawn to cancer research for two reasons: stories of children with cancer, like “Penn the Brave,” and her grandmother’s death from cancer. She hoped to relieve the pain of people like them. So when Elizabeth was looking for a science-project topic and her father emailed her a news report about CAR T-cell therapy, she decided to explore further. Elizabeth used the results from a 2022 Yale University study explaining what causes the failure of CAR T-cell treatment and tried to identify genetic biomarkers (遗传生物标志物) that would tell a patient’s response to the treatment in order to make it more effective. She even developed a way to study genetic information through specialized software instead of traditional lab work. Through late nights of uploading information and analyzing RNA sequences (序列), Elizabeth discovered certain genetic information in RNA sequences — which decides everything from hair colour to how your immune system fights diseases — could tell a patient’s response to CAR T-cell therapy, and could one day help develop more effective treatment and fewer side effects. Starting the project two years ago, Elizabeth found reading original research papers too difficult, so she taught herself by reading books, open-source papers and watching YouTube videos for non-professional people. “I thought about giving up so many times,” says Elizabeth. Instead she turned to online groups, where professional and non-professional scientists alike shared tips on similar challenges. Her research paper, titled “Optimization of CAR T-Cell therapy Using RNA-Sequencing Analysis for Biomarker Identification”, made Elizabeth not only a national science-fair champion but also won her first place at the annual European Union Contest for Young Scientists in Brussels this past fall. As she graduates from high school this year and starts preparing for university Elizabeth is looking forward to working in a lab — not just in her parents’ house. 34. Why did Elizabeth want to do research on CAR T-Cell therapy? A. Because she had heard a lot about it. B. Because it was her science project topic. C. Because her father asked her to work on it. D. Because she wanted to help people with cancer. 35. What challenge did Elizabeth come across during her research? A. Lack of professional background. B. Limited access to traditional laboratory. C. Difficulty in getting professional guidance. D. Heavy work of uploading genetic information. 36. Which word would best describe Elizabeth? A. Honest. B. Hardworking. C. Strict. D. Confident. 37. What can we learn from this passage? A. Many hands make light work. B. A new way is better than sweat. C. Young people can make a difference. D. Love and understanding is priceless. C We can struggle to maintain working relationships when our social group grows too large, but Artificial Intelligence (AI) models may not face the same limitation. What is Artificial Intelligence Dating back to the 1990s, the scientist Robin Dunbar presented that the number of relationships we can maintain is typically about 150 due to the size of our brains. Now, researchers have applied this idea, known as Dunbar’s number, to AI models and found that the most powerful ones with the largest “brains” can manage groups of up to 1000. Giordano De Marzo and his colleagues at the University of Konstanz experimented whether AI models like ChatGPT act like humans when “talking” to each other in groups. They ran many copies of the same AI model at once, giving each an opinion on a problem without obvious answers. At each step of the experiment, they chose one copy by chance and told it what opinion all the other copies held and why, and then asked if it would like to update its own. The team found that the high-end AI models like GPT-4 Turbo reached agreement every time. Yet copies of smaller and less powerful models like GPT-3.5 Turbo never reached agreement. The results showed that although the models in each test were the same, there was no inborn system for agreement, at least until they became capable enough. The researchers then tried to find an upper limit on each model’s ability to reach agreement — their own Dunbar’s number. For some models, like Llama 370b, the agreement process became increasingly slow as the group size grew, ending up with a Dunbar’s number of 50. But for other models, like GPT-4 Turbo, this ability never slowed down even once 1000 copies were working together. “I was very surprised,” says De Marzo. “We were able to simulate (模拟) up to thousands of models and there was no sign at all of a breaking of the ability to form a community.” He adds that memory is key. While we may struggle to recall facts, faces and opinions at a certain point, AI is limited only by its hardware. Philip Feldman at the University of Maryland, however, says AI models with a high Dunbar number may be able to reach agreement on a problem, but that doesn’t necessarily mean they will find a good solution. He believes diversity (多样性) is key to problem-solving, which is hard in groups made up of the same AI model. A larger concern is whether it even makes sense to talk about copies of an AI model as a group of individuals, says Michael Rovatsos at the University of Edinburgh. “The models don’t understand what they are, how they are separate from other models or what the experiment’s purpose is.” 38. Researchers applied Dunbar’s number to AI models to _________. A. test their memory competence B. observe their social behaviour in groups C. record the working speed of different AI models D. find the limit of AI models to maintain relationships 39. What can be inferred from the research of Giordano De Marzo’s team? A. AI models have the ability to take over larger groups than humans. B. AI models’ ability to form communities is limited by human memory. C. AI models can replace humans in managing difficult social interactions. D AI models’ performance in reaching agreement depends on their capabilities. 40. What can we learn from this passage? A. AI models with a high Dunbar number solve problems better. B. Copies of the same AI model lack the ability to think independently. C. AI models with large “brains” have an inborn system for agreement. D. Copies of the same AI model update their opinions without extra information. 41. As for the use of AI models in social activities, the author is _________. A. supportive B. puzzled C. careful D. unconcerned D Since the early days of popular culture, fans have been viewed with a doubtful reputation, often labeled as unreasonable or aberrant, presenting a threat to the social order or suggesting a kind of mental illness. However, social psychologists offer a different view on fan culture. From within, fandoms (fan groups) look surprisingly normal. Our social lives are defined by our tendency to seek out others who share our personalities, background, interests or outlook. We are natural to live in groups, a reality that shapes almost everything we do. This simple act of partnership and belonging can be powerful. For many fans, being part of a fandom can be life-changing. One fan of Jane Austen, for instance, described how connecting with others who shared her love of Jane Austen and period dramas helped her through a difficult time, saying, “I’ve finally found my people.” Fandoms also differ from other social groups in that they bring together people from different backgrounds. Fans are drawn in by a common interest, but they stay for a host of reasons: to be entertained, to broaden their view, to experience a particular reality, to connect with like-minded others or to trade theories about their favorite topics. It might seem surprising that sharing an interest can lead to such enriching experiences, but this kind of “minimal group” effect is well known in social psychology. Henri Tajfel, a pioneer in this field, found that people could be encouraged to form loyal groups on the simplest reasons, such as a preference for a particular artist. Tajfel believed group membership gives people their own social identities, providing meaning to an otherwise empty situation. A social identity gives us a sense of ourselves in relation to others: we are who we are because of what we share with them. Social identity is separate from personal identity, which reflects individual traits such as physical appearance and personality. During those moments when you feel like an important part of a group like watching a football match, your social identity is more outstanding than your personal one. Tajfel’s theories help explain why fandoms are so powerful and widespread. Groups like Swifties may look different in their tastes and attitudes, but the dynamics behind them all are very similar. There is little to fear in the passion of these fans, and much to celebrate. 42. What does the underlined word “aberrant” in Paragraph I most probably mean? A. Creative. B. Organized. C. Abnormal. D. Traditional 43. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Fandoms promote connection and belonging. B. There are reasonable concerns about fandom passion. C. Fandoms provide individuals with a personal identity. D. People prefer groups that share common social backgrounds. 44. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Fans as Social Groups: Fandoms and Madness B. Fandoms Uncovered: The Dangerous Side of Fandoms C. The Influence of Fandoms: Fans and Their Unusual Behaviours D. From Misunderstood to Empowered: The True Impact of Fandoms 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Future astronauts could potentially rely on food made from bacteria (细菌) that feed on minor planets, to produce a kind of yogurt. While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves, the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth. ___45___ That’s why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario, Canada, decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food. This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets. But Pearce’s team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags. ___46___ The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder. ___47___ “We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food,” he says. “It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using, more or less, has a third each for the three major nutrients people need.” If the idea is sound, a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, could feed between 600 and 17,000 astronauts for a year, says Pearce. ___48___ A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space. This would take a long time to get everything in place. ___49___ They plan to start off with coal and then moving to space rocks that have fallen to Earth. A. It would be impossible for more distant, longer-lasting tasks. B. So the researchers hope to test the idea on a lower level in the coming year. C. Future astronauts could soon enjoy a nutritionally perfect diet made from bacteria. D. While that might not sound delicious, Pearce says the bacteria are well-suited for human needs. E. They heated the plastic without oxygen and then fed this to a mixture of bacteria that eat carbon. F. Although there is certainly hope, it is still a very futuristic idea that needs to be thought through. G. The exact number depends on how effectively the bacteria can break down the minor planet’s carbon materials. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When I tell friends I’ve written a book about social connection, one of the most common questions I get is about “lost” friendships, the relationships with people whom someone has lost touch with over time. Should we reconnect or let them stay in the past? Two recent papers suggest that we can all be a bit braver about reaching out. The first comes from Peggy Liu at the University of Pittsburgh and her colleagues. The team asked some people to provide information of a person with whom they hadn’t been in touch for a while. They then wrote a note to that person and answered some questions about how much they thought the friend would value the gesture. The researchers forwarded the note to the named person along with a questionnaire about their feelings. It was found that the receivers welcomed the notes far more than the authors had expected, but it’s a pity that the desire to reconnect was often balanced by a fear of being rejected. The second paper is by Lara Aknin at Simon Fraser University and Gillian Sandstrom at the University of Sussex. They found that as many as 90 percent of people have lost touch with at least one old friend, but many are now unwilling to make the first move — even when researchers gave them the time to do so. Exploring further, they found that it arose from some concerns: the people worried about what to say, and they feared that the friend had changed. The old friends had started to feel like strangers, and this made Aknin and Sandstrom wonder whether a little practice at building new ties might give people the confidence to strengthen their older ones too. Sure enough, they found that asking people to start a conversation with strangers increased the chances of reaching out to their oldest friends. Our social confidence seems like a muscle — the more we use it, the stronger it becomes. We just need to have the courage to start. 50. What are the “lost” friendships? ___________________________________________________________ 51. Based on the two papers, why do people hesitate to reconnect with old friends? ___________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to Aknin and Sandstrom, asking people to engage with strangers reduced the chances for them to reach out to their oldest friends. ___________________________________________________________ 53. What can you do to overcome the fear of reaching out to old friends? (In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 54. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim听说中国的“春节”申遗成功，他发来邮件表示祝贺并希望了解更多。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.介绍中国人过春节的习俗； 2.说明春节的意义。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$