精品解析：北京市五十七中学2025-2026学年第一学1+3高一期末英语试题

2025-2026学年第一学期24 1+3英语期末考试 2026.01 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was just a kid, my mother would frequently take me to our local community centre to play with my friends. One sunny afternoon, when we were playing outside, one of my friends brought a visiting relative, who clung to (紧紧抓住) his cousin like a shadow, eyes wide with ____1____. He had a speech impediment (障碍) and couldn’t get his mouth to ____2____. He couldn’t even say the name of the town where he lived. I had never seen someone stutter (结巴) like that. I thought he must have been joking, so I ____3____. My friend shot me a concerned glance, but my giggles (咯咯笑) continued. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw my mother looking at me with a(n) ___4___ I’d never seen before. It was a mix of horror, anger, and shame, all focused on me, which stopped my laughing instantly. She waved me over with seriousness that left no room for ____5____. She told me how wrong it was to laugh at someone’s struggle, and how there was never an excuse for such behavior. She asked me to apologize to the boy, give him a hug, and tell him that I love him. My heart ____6____ a mix of regret and fear of my peers’ judgement eating away at me. But my mother’s look, a silent yet powerful force, left me no other option. With trembling steps, I approached the boy and gave him a(n) ___7___ hug. I think I ___8___ him by grabbing him like that, but when he realized that I was trying to hug him, his body relaxed and he hugged me back. “Uh... also, uh... I love you...” I tried to say it as insincerely as I could get away with and half-smiled as I spoke. I was still hugging the boy, so he couldn’t see the unnatural look on my youthful face. But then the boy hugged me tighter and whispered in my ear ____9____, without a stutter and without hesitation. “I love you, too!” There was such softness and _____10_____ in his voice, and just like that, I thought I would start crying. 1. A. nervousness B. determination C. confusion D. amazement 2. A. respond B. move C. recover D. cooperate 3 A. smiled B. laughed C. jumped D. screamed 4. A. manner B. vision C. mood D. expression 5. A. performance B. forgiveness C. improvement D. hesitation 6. A. sank B. beat C. ached D. broke 7. A. soft B. awkward C. formal D. strong 8. A. inspired B. comforted C. shocked D. angered 9. A. proudly B. modestly C. sincerely D. patiently 10. A. confidence B. firmness C. courage D. calmness 第二节 语法填空(共10题;每小题1.5分, 共15分) A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Tangshan China Ceramic Expo (陶瓷博览会), rooted in “China’s Northern Porcelain Capital”, ____11____ (hold) since 1998 and grown into a national premium ceramic event. Organized annually at Tangshan International Convention and Exhibition Center, it spans over 20,000 square meters with more than 300 exhibitors.It showcases diverse wares such as Tangshan bone china, celadon and purple clay, plus masterpieces by national ceramic artists. ____12____ (highlight) of the expo include on-site master demonstrations, hands-on pottery experiences, and post-expo “ceramic fairs” ____13____ visitors can take home fine ceramic products at reasonable prices. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 After a two-week trip to Shanghai, Mike became a skillful user of Alipay, an application that almost every local would use in their daily life. During his stay in Shanghai, Mike ____14____ (recommend) his family and friends to download Alipay so that they could pay bills through free QR code scans. And via the function of transfer, Mike found it easy and efficient ____15____ (send) money to his Chinese friends. As one of the many Chinese innovations nowadays, Alipay is only a glimpse of how it contributes to ____16____ (satisfy) people’s diverse life needs. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Ms. Carter, who joined a community education program for left-behind children, had her teaching notes ____17____ (polish) by a rural teacher, a method that’s far more practical than the theoretical guides she read before. It is easier for her to relate ____18____ the kids’ hardships because she once had similar experiences in her childhood. As she talked ____19____ (gentle) with the local teacher about the children’s inner worlds, Ms. Carter realized ____20____ truly helps narrow the distance between teachers and students is the heart that can deeply connect with others. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A The start of something new can be an exciting prospect and documenting the point in time or space at which something begins has been a popular theme for photography projects throughout time. For this year’s brief, we’re asking students to show through a series of five to ten images the first part or earliest stage of something. Be it following a new life, sharing the start of someone’s day, following the preparations and beginning of a particular occasion or celebration, or revealing the promise of new technology, the story, approach and photographic style can be in any genre. Your images can be taken on any device, shot in any style-be black & white or colour-and approached from any angle you feel is best. While innovative responses are encouraged, photographers must stick to the brief. The Competition is open to all students of photography from World Photography Organisation’s selected Universities. All entries must confirm, on application, their acceptance of the rules of the Competition and these Terms and Conditions. Entries must be submitted by 13:00 GMT on 29 November 2025. By entering the Competition, each Entrant agrees and acknowledges that World Photography Organisation (WPO) is permitted to receive his/ her registration data. All personal information will be used by WPO in accordance with its privacy policy. Students are required to submit Five to Ten images responding to a brief. To enter, students must ensure their institution is registered and images are submitted via www.worldphoto.org. If your institution is not registered yet, you can register here. For a list of participating institutions, please see here. Your entry may feature manipulation, but where entries are manipulated, the extent of which must be described in the image description section when submitting. For the avoidance of doubt, all Entries must originally be from either an analogue or digital photograph which may have then been manipulated. Computer generated content cannot be the origin of the entry. Should a question arise through the judging process regarding the extent of your entry’s manipulation, you may be requested to submit the original photograph and image file to verify. The overall winning university is given Sony digital imaging equipment worth approximately €30,000 as well as the flights and accommodation for one student and one tutor to the awards ceremony in London. 21. According to this year’s brief, the photos that ________ can enter this year’s competition. A. tell the growing-up story of a teenager B. document a teacher’s morning routine C. show the decline of certain technology D. capture the moments of the graduation season 22. We can tell from the passage that ________. A. registration is needed before entry submission B. all students from selected universities can enter C. photo editing is strictly prohibited in the competition D. registered universities need to attend the award ceremony 23. This passage mainly focuses on ________. A. photography skills B. competition guidelines C. advertising WPO’s values D. presenting photography trends B “No,” Mama Lil said it plain and simple. “I ain’t never heard of no girls to be doing that. Bebe, you need to be getting yourself a real summer job, something civilized.” I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my own mama and daddy were killed in an apartment building fire. Lillian Johns was my mom’s mother. Everybody on our street called her Mama Lil and that was what I called her too. I had been butting heads with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we experienced. For weeks I’d been asking Mama Lil to let me join the youth renovation (修缮) team. It was a group of kids who had been chosen by city officials to work with engineers to help repair the Brooklyn Bridge. The project would last the summer and pay good money. It would help me get to college, where I wanted to study engineering. But for Mama Lil, the thing that made her the most stubborn this time, was exactly my dream of becoming an engineer. In some respects, Mama Lil was right. It was true that there weren’t many black women engineers. But I wanted to build bridges more than anything. “Let me go, Mama Lil,” I begged softly. Mama Lil sat as still as a statue. “Mama Lil,” I said carefully, “if you don’t sign the bridge project permission form, I will sign it myself. Nobody will know the difference.” The next morning, Mama Lil’s eyes looked red-tired. “I’m going to the bridge,” I said firmly. “I know, Bebe,” she said. From her housedress pocket, she took out a pen and signed the form. “Bebe, that bridge is lucky to have you,” she said. I hugged Mama Lil good and hard, smiling big, right at her. … Ahead, in the distance, stood the Brooklyn Bridge. This was the best spot to see the bridge. I’d come to this corner and studied the bridge a million times. And on every one of those times, I was taken with what I’d come to call Brooklyn Belle. At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cloudless night like this one, she was a sight like no other in the whole city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful. I had drawn Belle in the high-noon light, at sunset, on snowy days, and on foggy twilight mornings... I was proud of my drawings, but with each page they showed a sad truth about Belle: She needed repair. That bridge renovation project needed me; and I needed it, in more ways than I could count. 24. Mama Lil refused to sign the permission form mainly because ______. A she had become stubborn in her old age B. she wouldn’t allow Bebe to have a summer job C. she thought the bridge project was too dangerous D. she didn’t support Bebe’s desire to be an engineer 25. What can we learn from the story? A. Bebe lost her parents in the bridge project. B. Bebe liked to draw the bridge on winter mornings. C. Bebe and Mama Lil often got into arguments with each other. D. Bebe called her grandma Mama Lil because she was her mom’s mother. 26. By mentioning the name “Brooklyn Belle”, the author intends to help readers ______. A. recall the history of the bridge B. appreciate the bridge’s beauty C. ignore the damage to the bridge D. imagine the bridge’s future look 27. Which of the following could be the theme of this story? A. Dreams know no color or gender. B. Elders always make the best decisions. C. Conflict usually resolves itself in the end. D. Pride wins out but makes things more difficult. C Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. Flowers grow out of power-station chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; oil companies use sunny, friendly logos and promise cleaner technologies- although, in fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side of the business continues. This is known as greenwashing, which means “making things that are not green look green”. The phenomenon has long existed since the first Earth Day in 1970, when companies spent $300 million advertising themselves as green companies—many times more than the money they actually spent on research into pollution reduction itself. And the trend continued over the following decades when some of the planet’s worst polluters tried to pass themselves off as eco-friendly. As the public’s environmental awareness grew, so too did the experience of corporate public relations strategies, and advertisers found ever- more-creative ways to use a green curtain to hide dark motives. Of course, some businesses are genuinely committed to making the world a better, greener place. But when a company spends more time and money claiming to be “green” than actually adopting business practices that minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient slogan(口号). Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception. And what about today s consumers? Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true. Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told-why else would companies do it? More information and greater awareness are essential. Analysing the tricks used by advertisers should be part of every school curriculum. Non- governmental organisations can spread the word. Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies. But it is not enough. Legally enforceable systems must be put in place. So what is already being done about planned attempts to pull the wool over consumers’ eyes? In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission is taking action against misleading advertising claims. France has published Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avoid conveying a message contrary to the accepted principles of sustainable development”. All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer. 28. What can we learn about greenwashing? A. It is an ecological concept. B. It is a marketing technique. C. It is an awareness campaign. D. It is an advertising innovation. 29. What does the underlined phrase “conceal deception” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Hide the truth. B. Raise the risk. C. Expose the weakness. D. Break the limit. 30. What can be inferred about most consumers? A. They are lacking in legal knowledge. B. They have encouraged greenwashing. C. They may question consumer groups. D. They tend to make sensible decisions. 31. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Actions to fight false advertising. B. Ways to protect customers’ interest. C. Attempts to solve environmental problems. D. Proposals to ensure sustainable development. D Life, it could be argued, is like a long game of blackjack. In one common version of this, each person is dealt with two playing cards. The aim is for your hand to add to 21, or as close to this as you can get. Player can either “stick” with their existing hand or “twist”— asking to be dealt another card to add to their total. The risk, of course, is that you exceed 21 and are eliminated. This may sound far removed from everyday choices, but many of our most important life decisions boil down to such dilemmas. Should I stay put or take the leap and move house? Should I remain in my job or start my own business? The inherent uncertainty leaves many of us ending up staying in the status quo, never giving ourselves the chance to win big. Perhaps we can learn a trick from “maximisers”: individuals with a strong urge to find the optimal(最佳的)outcome for every situation. They would be more willing to”twist” if their current options aren’t working. And this approach to life certainly has some advantages. For example, among a sample of students looking for work, maximisers ended up getting a 20% higher salary compared with “satisficers”, people who tend to choose the first acceptable option. Nevertheless, in reality there are simply too many options to weigh up the pros and cons of every choice. Natural maximisers can feel so overwhelmed with the options, and they are troubled by the doubt that a superior option might be among those they did not evaluate. Perhaps as a consequence, they tend to suffer badly from feelings of regret and”fear of missing out”, which affects their overall life satisfaction. Fortunately, a technique appears to tackle the problem. The strategy is known as psychological distancing, which is akin to taking a fly-on-the-wall view of things. There are many ways to apply it. You might imagine you are advising a close friend in a similar dilemma, for example, or you could try to predict how you would view the decision and its consequences at some time in the mid-to-distant future. Previous research has shown that psychological distancing techniques contribute to greater intellectual humility, which encourages people to consider more sources of information before coming to a judgement. This approach can also help us deal with the consequences of our big decisions. When using psychological distancing techniques, people are better able to regulate their emotions— which we must do to process the choices we have made. In addition, discussing life’s disappointments from such a distanced perspective helps us extract meaning from our experiences. That should prevent you becoming immersed in the feelings of regret that can follow stick-or-twist decisions. As everyone knows, Lady Luck won’t work in your favour all the time, no matter how smart your decision making has been. Nevertheless, by applying this psychological research, you can make the most of your hand— and take greater pleasure in the thrill of the game. 32. The author mentions “maximisers” mainly to _______. A. highlight the advantages of maximisers B. bring out a sound way of making choices C. illustrate the difficulty of decision making D. emphasize the value of informed decisions 33. What can be inferred about psychological distancing? A. Intellectual humble people can optimize psychological distancing. B. The increased psychological distance may expose people to a feeling of regret. C. Increasing psychological distance assists in forming a proper view of negative moods. D. Emotional regulation is crucial in the application of psychological distancing techniques. 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. The first choice should be prioritized. B. Resolving a dilemma ensures the chance to win big. C. Stick-or-twist decisions are vital in reshaping people’s future. D. Looking at the bigger picture results in better decision making. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Confirmation bias is people’s tendency to process information by looking for information that is consistent (一致的) with their existing beliefs. This biased approach to decision making results in a person ignoring information that is inconsistent with their beliefs. One explanation for why people are likely to be affected by confirmation bias is that it is an efficient way to process information. Humans are forever receiving information and cannot possibly take the time to carefully process each piece of information to form an unbiased conclusion. ___35___ It is adaptive for humans to rely on instinctive behaviours that keep them out of harm’s way. Another reason why people show confirmation bias is to protect their pride. People like to feel good about themselves, and discovering that a belief that they highly value is incorrect makes them feel bad about themselves. ___36___ Confirmation bias occurs in several contexts. In decision making, once an individual makes a decision, they will look for information that supports it. ___37___ Therefore, the person will ignore it or give it little consideration. In studies examining my-side bias, people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side. ___38___ If people are told what to expect from a person they are about to meet, such as that the person is friendly and outgoing, people will look for information that supports their expectations. For example, if Maria expects her roommate to be outgoing, Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library. Confirmation bias is important because it may lead people to give more weight to information that supports their beliefs than what the evidence justifies. However, in reality they have ignored a great deal of evidence contradicting their beliefs. These factors may lead to risky decision making and lead people to overlook warning signs. Actively challenging your beliefs is one of the most effective ways to reduce confirmation bias. For example, if you believe a certain practice is beneficial, seek out reliable sources that criticize it and evaluate their arguments. ___39___ This involves engaging in conversations with people who hold opposing views or reading materials from unfamiliar perspectives. A. Confirmation bias also operates in impression formation. B. Exposing yourself to diverse viewpoints can help reduce bias. C. Information that conflicts with a person’s decision may cause discomfort. D. Therefore, people will seek information that supports their existing beliefs. E. They need to process information quickly to protect themselves from harm. F. People shouldn’t overlook evidence that leads them to question their beliefs. G. Improving these skills can empower individuals to make more objective judgments. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。 When Tina Farr visits the year 2 classroom at her Oxford primary school, she can feel the changed atmosphere since play was put firmly back on the curriculum (课程). “The children come running up with things they have made. There is always a shop on the go so they will be pricing up something or finding change.” the headteacher says. Play-based learning — letting children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities — usually stops when they attend primary school. Lessons then become desk-based, focused on reading and writing. Farr had long championed the value of play, working hard to bring it into break times. “Teachers would recognise what we do and it doesn't take any more planning than the standard approach.” With play-based learning in place for her year 1 and 2 children, Farr then looked at where else she could change any practices that weren’t working. “If a practice isn’t in line with healthy child development, why are we doing it?” The school’s year 5 children — aged nine and 10 — were struggling to sit still in a tight space so she removed all the furniture from the classrooms. “The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.” A teacher noted: “Their self-regulation has also improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.” Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change. “We have neuroscience (神经科学) to know children learn through play.” In June the school sailed through its Ofsted inspection. “The Inspector really understood our play-based learning.” Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. “It’s blown my mind how engaged the children are. It’s phenomenal.” she says. 40. According to the passage, what is play-based learning like? ______________________________________________________________________________ 41. What was the impact of removing all the furniture from year 5 children’s classrooms? ______________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶ Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change, but her approach can be difficult to roll out. ______________________________________________________________________________ 43 Do you think play-based learning can be applied in your school? And why?(In about 40 words) ______________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 应用文写作(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你在做和青少年热点话题相关的英文播客（线上节目），打算邀请外国好友Jim来做访谈嘉宾。请给他写一封英文邮件，内容包括： 1. 你们将要探讨的话题及具体内容； 2. 邀请他参加的原因。 注意： 1. 词数100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出， 不计入总词数。 提示词：做播客 make a podcast Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年第一学期24 1+3英语期末考试 2026.01 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was just a kid, my mother would frequently take me to our local community centre to play with my friends. One sunny afternoon, when we were playing outside, one of my friends brought a visiting relative, who clung to (紧紧抓住) his cousin like a shadow, eyes wide with ____1____. He had a speech impediment (障碍) and couldn’t get his mouth to ____2____. He couldn’t even say the name of the town where he lived. I had never seen someone stutter (结巴) like that. I thought he must have been joking, so I ____3____. My friend shot me a concerned glance, but my giggles (咯咯笑) continued. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw my mother looking at me with a(n) ___4___ I’d never seen before. It was a mix of horror, anger, and shame, all focused on me, which stopped my laughing instantly. She waved me over with seriousness that left no room for ____5____. She told me how wrong it was to laugh at someone’s struggle, and how there was never an excuse for such behavior. She asked me to apologize to the boy, give him a hug, and tell him that I love him. My heart ____6____, a mix of regret and fear of my peers’ judgement eating away at me. But my mother’s look, a silent yet powerful force, left me no other option. With trembling steps, I approached the boy and gave him a(n) ___7___ hug. I think I ___8___ him by grabbing him like that, but when he realized that I was trying to hug him, his body relaxed and he hugged me back. “Uh... also, uh... I love you...” I tried to say it as insincerely as I could get away with and half-smiled as I spoke. I was still hugging the boy, so he couldn’t see the unnatural look on my youthful face. But then the boy hugged me tighter and whispered in my ear ____9____, without a stutter and without hesitation. “I love you, too!” There was such softness and _____10_____ in his voice, and just like that, I thought I would start crying. 1. A. nervousness B. determination C. confusion D. amazement 2. A. respond B. move C. recover D. cooperate 3. A. smiled B. laughed C. jumped D. screamed 4. A. manner B. vision C. mood D. expression 5. A. performance B. forgiveness C. improvement D. hesitation 6. A. sank B. beat C. ached D. broke 7. A. soft B. awkward C. formal D. strong 8. A. inspired B. comforted C. shocked D. angered 9. A. proudly B. modestly C. sincerely D. patiently 10. A. confidence B. firmness C. courage D. calmness 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候嘲笑有口吃障碍的男孩，母亲让其道歉并拥抱男孩，最终男孩真诚回应，让作者有所触动的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个阳光明媚的下午，我们在外面玩耍时，我的一个朋友带来了一位来访的亲戚，他像影子一样紧紧跟着他的表哥，眼睛因紧张而睁得大大的。A. nervousness紧张；B. determination决心；C. confusion困惑；D. amazement惊讶。根据前文“one of my friends brought a visiting relative, who clung to (紧紧抓住) his cousin like a shadow”和后文“He had a speech impediment (障碍) and couldn’t get his mouth”可知，这个男孩有口吃障碍，来到新环境会感到紧张，所以紧紧跟着他的表哥。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他有语言障碍，嘴巴不听使唤。A. respond回应；B. move移动；C. recover恢复；D. cooperate配合。根据前文“He had a speech impediment”可知，男孩有口吃，说明他的嘴巴不能很好地配合发出清晰的声音。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为他一定是在开玩笑，所以我笑了起来。A. smiled微笑；B. laughed大笑；C. jumped跳跃；D. screamed尖叫。根据后文“My friend shot me a concerned glance, but my giggles (咯咯笑) continued.”和“She told me how wrong it was to laugh at someone’s struggle”可知，作者因为以为是在开玩笑而大笑起来。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从眼角的余光中，我看到母亲正用一种我从未见过的表情看着我。A. manner方式；B. vision视力；C. mood情绪；D. expression表情。根据后文“It was a mix of horror, anger, and shame, all focused on me”可知，母亲脸上呈现出一种复杂的，作者从未见过的表情。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她严肃地招手让我过去，容不得我有丝毫犹豫。A. performance表演；B. forgiveness原谅；C. improvement提高；D. hesitation犹豫。根据前文“She waved me over with seriousness”可知，母亲态度严肃，不允许作者犹豫。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心情低落，后悔和害怕同龄人评判的情绪折磨着我。A. sank沮丧，低落；B. beat跳动；C. ached疼痛；D. broke打破。根据前文“She told me how wrong it was to laugh at someone’s struggle, and how there was never an excuse for such behavior. She asked me to apologize to the boy, give him a hug, and tell him that I love him.”和后文“a mix of regret”可知，作者受到批评后意识到自己的错误，感到懊悔，心情变得低落。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我迈着颤抖的步伐，走近男孩，给了他一个尴尬的拥抱。A. soft柔软的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. formal正式的；D. strong强壮的。根据前文“fear of my peers’ judgement eating away at me.”和“With trembling steps”可知，作者害怕被同伴评判，很不情愿，所以这个拥抱是尴尬的。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想我那样抓住他让他吓了一跳，但当他意识到我是想拥抱他时，他的身体放松了，也回抱了我。A. inspired鼓舞；B. comforted安慰；C. shocked使震惊；D. angered使生气。与下文“but when he realized that I was trying to hug him, his body relaxed”形成对比，作者突然的拥抱让男孩一开始感到震惊。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但随后男孩更紧地拥抱了我，真诚地、毫不犹豫地、不结巴地在我耳边低语。A. proudly骄傲地；B. modestly谦虚地；C. sincerely真诚地；D. patiently耐心地。根据后文“I love you, too!”以及前文男孩的表现可知，男孩真诚地回应了作者。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的声音里充满了温柔和坚定，就在那一刻，我觉得自己要哭了。A. confidence信心；B. firmness坚定；C. courage勇气；D. calmness冷静。根据前文“But then the boy hugged me tighter and whispered in my ear ____ , without a stutter and without hesitation.”可知，男孩毫不犹豫地、不结巴地回应作者“我也爱你”，他的声音温柔而坚定。故选B项。 第二节 语法填空(共10题;每小题1.5分, 共15分) A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Tangshan China Ceramic Expo (陶瓷博览会), rooted in “China’s Northern Porcelain Capital”, ____11____ (hold) since 1998 and grown into a national premium ceramic event. Organized annually at Tangshan International Convention and Exhibition Center, it spans over 20,000 square meters with more than 300 exhibitors.It showcases diverse wares such as Tangshan bone china, celadon and purple clay, plus masterpieces by national ceramic artists. ____12____ (highlight) of the expo include on-site master demonstrations, hands-on pottery experiences, and post-expo “ceramic fairs” ____13____ visitors can take home fine ceramic products at reasonable prices. 【答案】11. has been held 12. Highlights 13. where 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了唐山中国陶瓷博览会自1998年举办以来的发展、规模、展品及特色活动。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：唐山中国陶瓷博览会，根植于“中国北方瓷都”，自1998年举办以来，已发展成为全国高端陶瓷盛会。根据since 1998可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语The Tangshan China Ceramic Expo和hold为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been held。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：博览会的亮点包括现场大师演示、动手陶艺体验，以及会后“陶瓷集市”，游客可以在这里以合理的价格把精美的陶瓷产品带回家。空处需填名词作主语，highlight意为“最精彩的部分，最重要的事情”，是可数名词，根据谓语动词include可知，需填名词复数形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Highlights。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词ceramic fairs，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 After a two-week trip to Shanghai, Mike became a skillful user of Alipay, an application that almost every local would use in their daily life. During his stay in Shanghai, Mike ____14____ (recommend) his family and friends to download Alipay so that they could pay bills through free QR code scans. And via the function of transfer, Mike found it easy and efficient ____15____ (send) money to his Chinese friends. As one of the many Chinese innovations nowadays, Alipay is only a glimpse of how it contributes to ____16____ (satisfy) people’s diverse life needs. 【答案】14. recommended 15. to send 16. satisfying 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了迈克在上海学会用支付宝，并发现其转账便捷，展现了中国创新满足生活需求。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在上海期间，迈克建议他的家人和朋友下载支付宝，这样他们就可以通过免费的二维码扫描来支付账单。根据During his stay in Shanghai可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填recommended。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过转账功能，迈克发现给中国朋友汇款既方便又高效。find it+adj.+to do sth.为固定句型，意为“发现做某事是……的”，其中it是形式宾语，空处需填动词不定式作宾语，故填to send。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为当今众多中国创新之一，支付宝只是它如何满足人们多样化生活需求的一个缩影。contribute to doing sth.为固定短语，意为“有助于做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语，故填satisfying。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Ms. Carter, who joined a community education program for left-behind children, had her teaching notes ____17____ (polish) by a rural teacher, a method that’s far more practical than the theoretical guides she read before. It is easier for her to relate ____18____ the kids’ hardships because she once had similar experiences in her childhood. As she talked ____19____ (gentle) with the local teacher about the children’s inner worlds, Ms. Carter realized ____20____ truly helps narrow the distance between teachers and students is the heart that can deeply connect with others. 【答案】17. polished 18. to 19. gently 20. what 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了卡特女士通过润色教案及与乡村教师交流，领悟到与学生心灵相通的重要性。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：卡特女士参加了一个针对留守儿童的社区教育项目，她请一位乡村教师润色了她的教学笔记，这种方法比她以前读过的理论指导实用得多。have sth. done为固定用法，意为“使某事被做”，notes和动词polish(润色)之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词polished作宾语补足语。故填polished。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：她更容易理解孩子们的艰辛，因为她小时候也有过类似的经历。relate to为固定短语，意为“理解，认同”，所以空处需用介词to。故填to。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：当卡特女士和当地老师温柔地谈论孩子们的内心世界时，她意识到真正有助于缩小师生之间距离的是能够与他人心灵相通的心。空处修饰动词talked，需用副词gently，作状语。故填gently。 【20题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意同上。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A The start of something new can be an exciting prospect and documenting the point in time or space at which something begins has been a popular theme for photography projects throughout time. For this year’s brief, we’re asking students to show through a series of five to ten images the first part or earliest stage of something. Be it following a new life, sharing the start of someone’s day, following the preparations and beginning of a particular occasion or celebration, or revealing the promise of new technology, the story, approach and photographic style can be in any genre. Your images can be taken on any device, shot in any style-be black & white or colour-and approached from any angle you feel is best. While innovative responses are encouraged, photographers must stick to the brief. The Competition is open to all students of photography from World Photography Organisation’s selected Universities. All entries must confirm, on application, their acceptance of the rules of the Competition and these Terms and Conditions. Entries must be submitted by 13:00 GMT on 29 November 2025. By entering the Competition, each Entrant agrees and acknowledges that World Photography Organisation (WPO) is permitted to receive his/ her registration data. All personal information will be used by WPO in accordance with its privacy policy. Students are required to submit Five to Ten images responding to a brief. To enter, students must ensure their institution is registered and images are submitted via www.worldphoto.org. If your institution is not registered yet, you can register here. For a list of participating institutions, please see here. Your entry may feature manipulation, but where entries are manipulated, the extent of which must be described in the image description section when submitting. For the avoidance of doubt, all Entries must originally be from either an analogue or digital photograph which may have then been manipulated. Computer generated content cannot be the origin of the entry. Should a question arise through the judging process regarding the extent of your entry’s manipulation, you may be requested to submit the original photograph and image file to verify. The overall winning university is given Sony digital imaging equipment worth approximately €30,000 as well as the flights and accommodation for one student and one tutor to the awards ceremony in London. 21. According to this year’s brief, the photos that ________ can enter this year’s competition. A. tell the growing-up story of a teenager B. document a teacher’s morning routine C. show the decline of certain technology D. capture the moments of the graduation season 22. We can tell from the passage that ________. A. registration is needed before entry submission B. all students from selected universities can enter C. photo editing is strictly prohibited in the competition D. registered universities need to attend the award ceremony 23. This passage mainly focuses on ________. A. photography skills B. competition guidelines C. advertising WPO’s values D. presenting photography trends 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项摄影比赛的比赛要求和注意事项等。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Be it following a new life, sharing the start of someone’s day, following the preparations and beginning of a particular occasion or celebration, or revealing the promise of new technology, the story, approach and photographic style can be in any genre.(无论是跟随新生活，分享某人一天的开始，跟随特定场合或庆祝活动的准备和开始，还是揭示新技术、故事、方法的前景和摄影风格都可以是任何类型的)”可知，强调的是“某事开始的第一部分或最初阶段”，根据今年的竞赛大纲，记录老师早晨日常生活的照片可以参加今年的比赛。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“To enter, students must ensure their institution is registered and images are submitted via www.worldphoto.org.(要参加比赛，学生必须确保他们的机构已经注册，并通过www.worldphoto.org提交照片)”可知，从文章中我们可以看出，在提交作品之前需要注册。故选A。 【23题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The Competition is open to all students of photography from World Photography Organisation’s selected Universities.(本次比赛面向世界摄影组织所选大学的所有摄影专业学生开放)”结合文章主要介绍了一项摄影比赛的比赛要求和注意事项等。可知，这篇文章主要关注的是比赛准则。故选B。 B “No,” Mama Lil said it plain and simple. “I ain’t never heard of no girls to be doing that. Bebe, you need to be getting yourself a real summer job, something civilized.” I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my own mama and daddy were killed in an apartment building fire. Lillian Johns was my mom’s mother. Everybody on our street called her Mama Lil and that was what I called her too. I had been butting heads with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we experienced. For weeks I’d been asking Mama Lil to let me join the youth renovation (修缮) team. It was a group of kids who had been chosen by city officials to work with engineers to help repair the Brooklyn Bridge. The project would last the summer and pay good money. It would help me get to college, where I wanted to study engineering. But for Mama Lil, the thing that made her the most stubborn this time, was exactly my dream of becoming an engineer. In some respects, Mama Lil was right. It was true that there weren’t many black women engineers. But I wanted to build bridges more than anything. “Let me go, Mama Lil,” I begged softly. Mama Lil sat as still as a statue. “Mama Lil,” I said carefully, “if you don’t sign the bridge project permission form, I will sign it myself. Nobody will know the difference.” The next morning, Mama Lil’s eyes looked red-tired. “I’m going to the bridge,” I said firmly. “I know, Bebe,” she said. From her housedress pocket, she took out a pen and signed the form. “Bebe, that bridge is lucky to have you,” she said. I hugged Mama Lil good and hard, smiling big, right at her. … Ahead, in the distance, stood the Brooklyn Bridge. This was the best spot to see the bridge. I’d come to this corner and studied the bridge a million times. And on every one of those times, I was taken with what I’d come to call Brooklyn Belle. At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cloudless night like this one, she was a sight like no other in the whole city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful. I had drawn Belle in the high-noon light, at sunset, on snowy days, and on foggy twilight mornings... I was proud of my drawings, but with each page they showed a sad truth about Belle: She needed repair. That bridge renovation project needed me; and I needed it, in more ways than I could count. 24. Mama Lil refused to sign the permission form mainly because ______. A. she had become stubborn in her old age B. she wouldn’t allow Bebe to have a summer job C. she thought the bridge project was too dangerous D. she didn’t support Bebe’s desire to be an engineer 25. What can we learn from the story? A Bebe lost her parents in the bridge project. B Bebe liked to draw the bridge on winter mornings. C. Bebe and Mama Lil often got into arguments with each other. D. Bebe called her grandma Mama Lil because she was her mom’s mother. 26. By mentioning the name “Brooklyn Belle”, the author intends to help readers ______. A. recall the history of the bridge B. appreciate the bridge’s beauty C. ignore the damage to the bridge D. imagine the bridge’s future look 27. Which of the following could be the theme of this story? A. Dreams know no color or gender. B. Elders always make the best decisions. C. Conflict usually resolves itself in the end. D. Pride wins out but makes things more difficult. 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者想要参加修复布鲁克林大桥的项目，作者的外婆不允许作者当工程师，因为当时黑人女性工程师并不多，但是最后她的外婆终于同意了。 24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“But for Mama Lil, the thing that made her the most stubborn this time, was exactly my dream of becoming an engineer.”（但对Mama Lil来说，这次让她最固执的事情，恰恰是我想成为一名工程师的梦想。）可知，Mama Lil拒绝在这份同意书上签字，主要是因为她不支持Bebe想成为一名工程师的愿望，故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“I had been butting heads with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we experienced.”（从记事起，我就一直与她作对。随着年龄的增长，我们之间的矛盾越来越多，我们经历的冲突也越来越多。）可知，Bebe和Mama Lil经常吵架。故选C。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“And on every one of those times, I was taken with what I’d come to call Brooklyn Belle.”（每一次，我都被我称之为Brooklyn Belle的东西迷住了。）和倒数第二段的“At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cloudless night like this one, she was a sight like no other in the whole city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful.”（晚上，微弱的灯光洒在Belle身上。在这样一个万里无云的夜晚，她的身影在整个城市里是绝无仅有的。饰有宝石的光。美丽。）可知，通过提到“Brooklyn Belle”这个名字，作者想帮助读者欣赏这座桥的美丽，故选B。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“It was true that there weren’t many black women engineers. But I wanted to build bridges more than anything.”（的确，当时黑人女性工程师并不多。但我最想做的是修建桥梁。）可知，本文主要讲的是作者虽然是黑人，但是却想当工程师修建桥梁，因此本文的主题是“梦不分肤色和性别”，即Dreams know no color or gender，故选A。 C Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. Flowers grow out of power-station chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; oil companies use sunny, friendly logos and promise cleaner technologies- although, in fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the greedy side of the business continues. This is known as greenwashing, which means “making things that are not green look green”. The phenomenon has long existed since the first Earth Day in 1970, when companies spent $300 million advertising themselves as green companies—many times more than the money they actually spent on research into pollution reduction itself. And the trend continued over the following decades when some of the planet’s worst polluters tried to pass themselves off as eco-friendly. As the public’s environmental awareness grew, so too did the experience of corporate public relations strategies, and advertisers found ever- more-creative ways to use a green curtain to hide dark motives. Of course, some businesses are genuinely committed to making the world a better, greener place. But when a company spends more time and money claiming to be “green” than actually adopting business practices that minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient slogan(口号). Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception. And what about today s consumers? Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true. Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told-why else would companies do it? More information and greater awareness are essential. Analysing the tricks used by advertisers should be part of every school curriculum. Non- governmental organisations can spread the word. Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies. But it is not enough. Legally enforceable systems must be put in place. So what is already being done about planned attempts to pull the wool over consumers’ eyes? In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission is taking action against misleading advertising claims. France has published Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avoid conveying a message contrary to the accepted principles of sustainable development”. All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer. 28. What can we learn about greenwashing? A. It is an ecological concept. B. It is a marketing technique. C. It is an awareness campaign. D. It is an advertising innovation. 29. What does the underlined phrase “conceal deception” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Hide the truth. B. Raise the risk. C. Expose the weakness. D. Break the limit. 30. What can be inferred about most consumers? A. They are lacking in legal knowledge. B. They have encouraged greenwashing. C. They may question consumer groups. D. They tend to make sensible decisions. 31. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Actions to fight false advertising. B. Ways to protect customers’ interest. C. Attempts to solve environmental problems. D. Proposals to ensure sustainable development. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. B 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现在社会中不光有企业致力于让世界变得更美好、更环保，也有一些公司夸大效果、编造数据，试图用环保理念掩盖其黑暗的动机。 28题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. Flowers grow out of power-station chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; oil companies use sunny, friendly logos and promise cleaner technologies- although, in fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources.(几乎每天都有公司在精心制作的广告中告诉我们，他们为我们的环境做出了多大的贡献。发电厂的烟囱里会长出花朵；SUV出现在自然栖息地；石油公司使用阳光、友好的标志，并承诺使用更清洁的技术——尽管事实上，他们没有在可再生能源或替代能源上投入足够的资金。)”中，作者举例说明现状，即很多高污染公司会利用广告试图向外界表达自己绿色、环保的生产经营理念，而实际上却并没有真正做到环保。由此可以推测出，所以对于这些公司来说，假装自己环保只是一种打广告的营销手段。故选B项。 【29题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception.(充其量，这种“洗绿”将事实推到了极限；在最坏的情况下，它有助于掩盖欺骗。)”，分析句子成分可知，it指的是上文提到的greenwashing这个现象；上文“Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”.(他们传递的信息是“购买我们的产品，你就能结束全球变暖，改善空气质量，拯救海洋”。)”中，作者再次举例说明一些公司“声称”自己是环保企业，宣传虚假信息，欺骗消费者，而购买这些产品并不能结束全球变暖、改善空气质量，这些企业只不过是想利益最大化，吸引更多的顾客以谋取更多的利益；所以“洗绿”这件事情能够帮助这些企业隐藏他们的真实想法，即隐瞒真相。故选A项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about what is true.(他们中很少有人能真正有准备地对真相做出明智的判断和决定。)”可知，他们很少有人做出明智的判断，是否具有法知识无法推断。故D选项：They tend to make sensible decisions.(他们倾向于做出明智的决定。)错误；A选项：They are lacking in legal knowledge.（他们缺乏法律知识。）错误。根据“Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies.（消费者团体可以惩罚环保公司。）可知，消费者团体是支持真正的环保的。文中无法推断出大部分消费者质疑消费者团体”故C选项错误。根据“Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told-why else would companies do it?（漂绿之所以成为可能，是因为消费者经常相信别人告诉他们的，否则公司为什么会这样做？）”可知，消费者相信广告公司的漂绿行为，助长了公司的虚假环保的行为。故B选项：They have encouraged greenwashing.（他们已经鼓励了漂绿行为）正确。故选B。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be ignored any longer.(所有这些肯定都是问题的核心：广告的真正影响是推广不可持续的生活方式。这就是我们星球面临的真正危险，一种不能再被忽视的危险。)”可知，本段讲的是虚假广告会引发民众不可持续的生活方式和地球的不可持续发展，所以为了解决这一核心问题，需要采取行动打击虚假广告。故选A项。 D Life, it could be argued, is like a long game of blackjack. In one common version of this, each person is dealt with two playing cards. The aim is for your hand to add to 21, or as close to this as you can get. Player can either “stick” with their existing hand or “twist”— asking to be dealt another card to add to their total. The risk, of course, is that you exceed 21 and are eliminated. This may sound far removed from everyday choices, but many of our most important life decisions boil down to such dilemmas. Should I stay put or take the leap and move house? Should I remain in my job or start my own business? The inherent uncertainty leaves many of us ending up staying in the status quo, never giving ourselves the chance to win big. Perhaps we can learn a trick from “maximisers”: individuals with a strong urge to find the optimal(最佳的)outcome for every situation. They would be more willing to”twist” if their current options aren’t working. And this approach to life certainly has some advantages. For example, among a sample of students looking for work, maximisers ended up getting a 20% higher salary compared with “satisficers”, people who tend to choose the first acceptable option. Nevertheless, in reality there are simply too many options to weigh up the pros and cons of every choice. Natural maximisers can feel so overwhelmed with the options, and they are troubled by the doubt that a superior option might be among those they did not evaluate. Perhaps as a consequence, they tend to suffer badly from feelings of regret and”fear of missing out”, which affects their overall life satisfaction. Fortunately, a technique appears to tackle the problem. The strategy is known as psychological distancing, which is akin to taking a fly-on-the-wall view of things. There are many ways to apply it. You might imagine you are advising a close friend in a similar dilemma, for example, or you could try to predict how you would view the decision and its consequences at some time in the mid-to-distant future. Previous research has shown that psychological distancing techniques contribute to greater intellectual humility, which encourages people to consider more sources of information before coming to a judgement. This approach can also help us deal with the consequences of our big decisions. When using psychological distancing techniques, people are better able to regulate their emotions— which we must do to process the choices we have made. In addition, discussing life’s disappointments from such a distanced perspective helps us extract meaning from our experiences. That should prevent you becoming immersed in the feelings of regret that can follow stick-or-twist decisions. As everyone knows, Lady Luck won’t work in your favour all the time, no matter how smart your decision making has been. Nevertheless, by applying this psychological research, you can make the most of your hand— and take greater pleasure in the thrill of the game. 32. The author mentions “maximisers” mainly to _______. A. highlight the advantages of maximisers B. bring out a sound way of making choices C. illustrate the difficulty of decision making D. emphasize the value of informed decisions 33. What can be inferred about psychological distancing? A. Intellectual humble people can optimize psychological distancing. B. The increased psychological distance may expose people to a feeling of regret. C. Increasing psychological distance assists in forming a proper view of negative moods. D. Emotional regulation is crucial in the application of psychological distancing techniques. 34. What can we learn from the passage? A. The first choice should be prioritized. B. Resolving a dilemma ensures the chance to win big. C. Stick-or-twist decisions are vital in reshaping people’s future. D. Looking at the bigger picture results in better decision making. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过将生活比作一场二十一点游戏，探讨了人们在面对重要决策时常常陷入的“坚持”与“冒险”之间的抉择。文章指出,像最大化者那样寻求最优解的人往往能获得更好的结果,但也容易因选择过多而感到后悔和不安。为此,文章介绍了一种名为“心理距离”的策略,帮助人们以更客观的视角评估决策,从而减少遗憾感,提高生活满意度。最后,文章强调即使决策不总是完美,运用这些心理学技巧也能让我们更好地享受生活的起伏。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“In addition, discussing life’s disappointments from such a distanced perspective helps us extract meaning from our experiences. That should prevent you becoming immersed in the feelings of regret that can follow stick-or-twist decisions. (也许我们可以从“最大化者”那里学到一招：他们有强烈的冲动去寻找每种情况的最佳结果。)”可知，作者提到“最大化者”主要是给出一种做选择的合理方法。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In addition, discussing life’s disappointments from such a distanced perspective helps us extract meaning from our experiences. That should prevent you becoming immersed in the feelings of regret that can follow stick-or-twist decisions.(此外，从这样一个遥远的角度讨论生活中的失望有助于我们从我们的经历中提取意义。这应该可以防止你沉浸在坚持或扭曲的决定之后的后悔情绪中。)”可知，增加心理距离有助于形成对负面情绪的正确看法。故选C 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, by applying this psychological research, you can make the most of your hand— and take greater pleasure in the thrill of the game.(通过应用这项心理研究,你可以充分利用你的优势--并在游戏的刺激中获得更大的乐趣。)”可知，通过纵观全局可以做出更好的决定。因此,我们可以从这篇文章中学到要看大局才能做出更好的决定。故选D。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Confirmation bias is people’s tendency to process information by looking for information that is consistent (一致的) with their existing beliefs. This biased approach to decision making results in a person ignoring information that is inconsistent with their beliefs. One explanation for why people are likely to be affected by confirmation bias is that it is an efficient way to process information. Humans are forever receiving information and cannot possibly take the time to carefully process each piece of information to form an unbiased conclusion. ___35___ It is adaptive for humans to rely on instinctive behaviours that keep them out of harm’s way. Another reason why people show confirmation bias is to protect their pride. People like to feel good about themselves, and discovering that a belief that they highly value is incorrect makes them feel bad about themselves. ___36___ Confirmation bias occurs in several contexts. In decision making, once an individual makes a decision, they will look for information that supports it. ___37___ Therefore, the person will ignore it or give it little consideration. In studies examining my-side bias, people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side. ___38___ If people are told what to expect from a person they are about to meet, such as that the person is friendly and outgoing, people will look for information that supports their expectations. For example, if Maria expects her roommate to be outgoing, Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library. Confirmation bias is important because it may lead people to give more weight to information that supports their beliefs than what the evidence justifies. However, in reality they have ignored a great deal of evidence contradicting their beliefs. These factors may lead to risky decision making and lead people to overlook warning signs. Actively challenging your beliefs is one of the most effective ways to reduce confirmation bias. For example, if you believe a certain practice is beneficial, seek out reliable sources that criticize it and evaluate their arguments. ___39___ This involves engaging in conversations with people who hold opposing views or reading materials from unfamiliar perspectives. A. Confirmation bias also operates in impression formation. B. Exposing yourself to diverse viewpoints can help reduce bias. C. Information that conflicts with a person’s decision may cause discomfort. D. Therefore, people will seek information that supports their existing beliefs. E. They need to process information quickly to protect themselves from harm. F. People shouldn’t overlook evidence that leads them to question their beliefs. G. Improving these skills can empower individuals to make more objective judgments. 【答案】35. E 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是确认偏误以及如何改变这种偏差。 【35题详解】 根据上文“One explanation for why people are likely to be affected by confirmation bias is that it is an efficient way to process information. Humans are forever receiving information and cannot possibly take the time to carefully process each piece of information to form an unbiased conclusion.(人们容易受到确认偏误影响的一个解释是，这是一种处理信息的有效方式。人类永远在接受信息，不可能花时间仔细处理每一条信息，以形成一个公正的结论)”可知，上文提到人类总是在接受信息，且不可能花时间仔细处理每一条信息，本句承接上文，说明人类因此需要快速处理信息。故E选项“他们需要快速处理信息以保护自己免受伤害”符合语境，故选E。 【36题详解】 根据上文“People like to feel good about themselves, and discovering that a belief that they highly value is incorrect makes them feel bad about themselves.(人们喜欢自我感觉良好，发现他们高度重视的信念是不正确的会让他们对自己感觉不好)”可知，上文提到人们喜欢自我感觉良好，本句为本段最后一句，与上文构成因果关系，指出人类为了让自我感觉良好会采取的行动。故D选项“因此，人们会寻找支持他们现有信念的信息”符合语境，故选D。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Confirmation bias occurs in several contexts. In decision making, once an individual makes a decision, they will look for information that supports it.(确认偏误发生在几种情况下。在决策过程中，一旦一个人做出了一个决定，他们就会寻找支持这个决定的信息)”以及后文“Therefore, the person will ignore it or give it little consideration.(因此，这个人会忽略它或很少考虑它)”可知，后文提到会忽略或很少考虑某种信息，本句是在说明这种信息的特点，C选项中Information that conflicts with a person’s decision对应后文it。故C选项“与一个人的决定相冲突的信息可能会引起不适”符合语境，故选C。 【38题详解】 根据后文“If people are told what to expect from a person they are about to meet, such as that the person is friendly and outgoing, people will look for information that supports their expectations. For example, if Maria expects her roommate to be outgoing, Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library.(如果人们被告知对即将见面的人有什么期望，比如这个人友好、外向，人们就会寻找支持他们期望的信息。例如，如果玛丽亚期望她的室友是外向的，玛丽亚可能会问她是否喜欢参加聚会，而不是问她是否经常在图书馆学习)”可知，本段的例子说明了因为玛利亚期望室友是外向，所以询问是否参加聚会，体现了个人的期望在印象形成中起到了一定作用。故A选项“确认偏误也在印象形成中起作用”符合语境，故选A。 【39题详解】 根据上文“Actively challenging your beliefs is one of the most effective ways to reduce confirmation bias. For example, if you believe a certain practice is beneficial, seek out reliable sources that criticize it and evaluate their arguments.(积极挑战你的信念是减少确认偏误的最有效方法之一。例如，如果你认为某种做法是有益的，寻找可靠的来源来批评它并评估他们的论点)”以及后文“This involves engaging in conversations with people who hold opposing views or reading materials from unfamiliar perspectives.(这包括与持相反观点的人进行对话，或者从不熟悉的角度阅读材料)”可知，后文提到了“与持相反观点的人进行对话，或者从不熟悉的角度阅读材料”，这些是获得不同观点的方法，可知本句关于减少偏见的方法是多接触不同的观点。故B选项“让自己接触不同的观点有助于减少偏见”符合语境，故选B。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。 When Tina Farr visits the year 2 classroom at her Oxford primary school, she can feel the changed atmosphere since play was put firmly back on the curriculum (课程). “The children come running up with things they have made. There is always a shop on the go so they will be pricing up something or finding change.” the headteacher says. Play-based learning — letting children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities — usually stops when they attend primary school. Lessons then become desk-based, focused on reading and writing. Farr had long championed the value of play, working hard to bring it into break times. “Teachers would recognise what we do and it doesn't take any more planning than the standard approach.” With play-based learning in place for her year 1 and 2 children, Farr then looked at where else she could change any practices that weren’t working. “If a practice isn’t in line with healthy child development, why are we doing it?” The school’s year 5 children — aged nine and 10 — were struggling to sit still in a tight space so she removed all the furniture from the classrooms. “The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.” A teacher noted: “Their self-regulation has also improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.” Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change. “We have neuroscience (神经科学) to know children learn through play.” In June the school sailed through its Ofsted inspection. “The Inspector really understood our play-based learning.” Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. “It’s blown my mind how engaged the children are. It’s phenomenal.” she says. 40. According to the passage, what is play-based learning like? ______________________________________________________________________________ 41. What was the impact of removing all the furniture from year 5 children’s classrooms? ______________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶ Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change, but her approach can be difficult to roll out. ______________________________________________________________________________ 43. Do you think play-based learning can be applied in your school? And why?(In about 40 words) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. It is a way of learning that lets children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities. 41. Children can choose where and how to learn; the class becomes calm and engaged; their self-regulation improves greatly and they can settle down to work more readily. 42. Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change, but her approach can be difficult to roll out. Because The passage clearly states that Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. 43. Yes, I think so. Because it can make students more engaged in learning, improve their self-regulation and help them learn in a more relaxed way./No, I don’t think so. Because my school has a large number of students and limited space, which may make it hard to carry out play-based learning smoothly. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍牛津一所小学推行游戏化学习的实践及带来的积极效果。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Play-based learning — letting children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities — usually stops when they attend primary school.(游戏化学习 —— 让孩子们四处走动、编游戏，并在宽松引导的活动中探索 —— 这种学习方式通常在孩子们上小学后就停止了)”可知，游戏化学习的特点是让孩子在宽松引导的活动中走动、编游戏并进行探索。故填It is a way of learning that lets children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged. Their self-regulation has also improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.(效果立竿见影且令人印象深刻。孩子们现在可以选择在哪里以及如何学习。曾经注意力难以集中的班级现在变得安静且专注投入。他们的自我调节能力也有了很大提升。他们能更迅速地静下心来学习)”可知，移除五年级教室所有家具后，孩子们可自主选择学习的地点与方式，班级从注意力涣散变得安静专注，自我调节能力大幅提升，能更快进入学习状态。故填Children can choose where and how to learn; the class becomes calm and engaged; their self-regulation improves greatly and they can settle down to work more readily. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out.(法尔表示，她的这种教学方法可以推广开来)” 可知，原句中错误的部分是but her approach can be difficult to roll out，因为法尔明确表示她的这种教学方法可以推广开。故填Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change, but her approach can be difficult to roll out. Because The passage clearly states that Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. 【43题详解】 开放性问答题。结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑和字数要求即可。例如：是的，我认为这种方法可以在我校实施。因为它可以让学生更加投入学习，提高他们的自我调节能力，帮助他们以更轻松的方式学习。/不，我不这么认为。因为我的学校人数众多，空间有限，这可能会使游戏式学习难以顺利开展。故填Yes, I think so. Because it can make students more engaged in learning, improve their self-regulation and help them learn in a more relaxed way./No, I don’t think so. Because my school has a large number of students and limited space, which may make it hard to carry out play-based learning smoothly. 第二节 应用文写作(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你在做和青少年热点话题相关的英文播客（线上节目），打算邀请外国好友Jim来做访谈嘉宾。请给他写一封英文邮件，内容包括： 1. 你们将要探讨的话题及具体内容； 2. 邀请他参加的原因。 注意： 1. 词数100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出， 不计入总词数。 提示词：做播客 make a podcast Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, How is everything going recently? I’m currently working on an English podcast centered around topics affecting teenagers today. I’d like to invite you to join an upcoming episode. In this episode, we plan to explore the various pressures teenagers face, such as academic stress, social media influences, and the importance of mental health awareness. We’ll talk about how these factors impact daily life and what can be done to manage them. I immediately thought of you for this discussion because of your current project on youth mental health and your deep concern for the issue. Your experiences would provide valuable insights and practical advice to our listeners. Are you interested? When are you available? Looking forward to possibly working together! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的邀请信。要求考生给外国好友Jim写封信，邀请其担当和青少年热点话题相关的英文播客栏目的访谈嘉宾。 【详解】1.词汇积累 打算：plan to→ intend to 各种各样：various→ a variety of 重要性：importance→ significance 担忧：concern→ worry 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m currently working on an English podcast centered around topics affecting teenagers today. 拓展句：I’m currently working on an English podcast centered around topics which affect teenagers today. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We’ll talk about how these factors impact daily life and what can be done to manage them.（运用了how引导的宾语从句和what引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】I’d like to invite you to join an upcoming episode.（运用了非谓语动词担当宾语补足语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $