内容正文:
英语
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第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题四 代词
命题点2 不定代词
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(完形:2019.38, 2015.39; 语篇填空第一节:2020.65)
考点精讲
考向1 普通不定代词(2020.65)
初中常见的普通不定代词辨析如下:
1.some与any
相同
点 表示“一些”,即不确定的数量,均可指代或修饰可数名词复数和不
可数名词。
不同
点 some一般用于肯定句中,也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中,
表示说话者希望得到对方肯定的回答。
any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。用于肯定句时表示“三个
或三个以上的人或物中的任何(一个/一些)”。
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2.many与much
相同点 都意为“很多”,可单独使用,也可跟of短语,也可与表示程度
的副词so或too连用。
不同点 many指代或修饰可数名词复数。
much指代或修饰不可数名词。
3.a little, little, a few与few
肯定含义 否定含义 所跟名词
a little一点儿 little几乎没有 不可数名词
a few一些;几个 few几乎没有 可数名词复数
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4.every与each
代词 every each
不同点 修饰名词单数,不可单独使
用。 既可修饰名词单数也可单独使
用。
指三者或三者以上的人或事物
中的“每一个”。 指两者或两者以上的人或事物
中的“每一个”。
后不可跟of短语。 后可跟of短语。
相同点 “every/each+名词单数”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
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5.both, either, neither, all与none
代词 含义 谓语形式 短语
both 两者都 复数 both… and…
……和……都
both of… ……都
either 两者中的任
意一个 单数 either…or… 或者……或
者……
either of… 两者中的任意一
个……
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代词 含义 谓语形式 短语
neither 两者都不 单数 neither… nor…
……和……都不
neither of… ……都不
all 三者或三者
以上都 根据它指代或修饰
的名词的数来决定 all of… ……都
none 三者或三者
以上都不 根据它指代或修饰
的名词的数来决定 none of… ……都不
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6.other, others, the other, the others与another
代词 含义 用法
other 其他的;另外
的 常接名词复数,表示除去一部分以外的另外的部
分,但不是剩下的全部。
others 泛指别的人或
物 =other+可数名词复数,表示除去一部分以外另外的
部分,但不是剩下的全部。
常用搭配:some…, others…一些……,另一些……
(剩下的一部分)
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代词 含义 用法
the
other 两者中的另一
个 后接可数名词单数。
常用短语:one…, the other… 一个……,另一
个……
两部分中的另
外一部分 后接可数名词复数,表示其余的全部。
the
others 特指其余的人
或物 =the other+可数名词复数,表示其余的全部。
常用搭配:some…, the others…一些……,另一
些……(剩下的全部)
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代词 含义 用法
another 任何一个;另
一个 后接可数名词单数,表示另一个……
不接名词,指代三者或三者以上中的另一个。
another +数词 +可数名词复数 = 数词+ more +可
数名词复数
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考向2 复合不定代词(2019.38,2015.39)
1.初中常见的复合不定代词如下表:
词缀
词根 -one -body -thing
some- someone
某人 somebody
某人 something
某事/物
any- anyone
任何人 anybody
任何人 anything
任何事
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词缀
词根 -one -body -thing
every- everyone
每人 everybody
每人 everything
每件事/物
no- no one
没有人 nobody
没有人 nothing
没有事/物
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2.复合不定代词的用法
(1)由some-构成的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中, 也可用于表建议或请
求的疑问句中, 表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答;由any-构成的复合
不定代词多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中, 用于肯定句时, 表示“任
何人/任何事”。
(2)当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时, 形容词或else需后置。如:Is
there anything interesting in this book?
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(3)复合不定代词可作主语、宾语和表语, 不能作定语。作主语时, 谓
语动词通常用单数。如:Everyone is happy to hear the news.
(4)somebody/someone还可意为“大人物, 重要人物”; nobody还可意为
“小人物,无名小卒”。
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3.含复合不定代词的常用句型
(1)There is something/nothing wrong with… ……出问题了/没有问题。
(2)There is nothing to+动词原形 没有什么要……
(3)…has something/nothing to do with… ……和……有关/无关。
(4)sb. can do nothing but+动词原形… 某人什么都不能做, 只能……
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考点精练
一、用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成句子
other much the other either any none few another
1.The monitor of our class is warm-hearted and always ready to help
_______.
2.Here are two books about traditional Chinese tea-making culture. You’re
free to take _______ of them and leave one for me.
3.The question that Mr. Smith asked us was too difficult, so _____ students
could answer it.
others
either
few
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4.I’ve got a few books about Traditional Chinese Medicine. You can
borrow _____ book you like.
5.My aunt has worked as a teacher for 20 years, so she has _______
experience in teaching.
6.The police asked many people about the accident, but ______ of them
was clear about it.
7.We have to wait for ________ two hours to get the result of the test.
8.I have two friends. One is from the USA, and__________ is from the
UK.
any
much
none
another
the other
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二、完形填空
Life is not easy, so I'd like to say “When . .1. . happens, believe in
yourself.”
When I was a young boy, I was too shy to talk to . .2. .. My classmates
often laughed at me. I was sad but could do . .3. .. Later, . .4. . happened, and
it changed my life. It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me
to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to speak in front of
all the teachers and students of my school and I was sure that . .5. . would
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laugh at me. “Come on, boy. Believe in yourself. You are sure to win.”
Then my mother and I talked . .6. . about different topics. At last, I chose
the topic “Believe in yourself”. I tried my best to remember . .7. . about the
speech and practiced it over 100 times. With my mother’s support and
encouragement, I did well in the contest. I could hardly believe my ears
when the news came that I had won the first place. . .8. . cheered for me.
Those classmates who once looked down on me, now all said “Congratula-
tions!” to me. My mother hugged me and cried excitedly. Since then,
everything has changed for me. I became confident and . .9. . laughed at me
anymore. I don't think . .10. . should give up being themselves, no matter
what kind of personality(性格) they have.
1.( ) A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
2.( ) A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody
3.( ) A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
4.( ) A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
5.( ) A. everyone B. anyone C. someone D. no one
6.( ) A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
7.( ) A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
8.( ) A. Nobody B. Everybody C. Anybody D. Somebody
9.( ) A. no one B. someone C. anyone D. everyone
10.( ) A. someone B. no one C. anyone D. everyone
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