专题12 形式主语it的用法-【寒假分层作业】2025年高一英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题10 形式主语it的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 it作形式主语，真正的主语是从句的用法 考点二 it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式的用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 当主语部分较长时，为了不出现“头重脚轻”的问题。在英语中，我们常常将真正的主语部分后置，而使用 it 做形式主语。其中真正的主语主要有不定式、动名词和从句。本章节重点讲解it作形式主语，真正的主语是从句和不定式。 it作形式主语，真正的主语是从句的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 1.课本经典句式 It’s amazing that there are more than 8,000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s. (人教版2019必修一Unit 2) 那里有8000多座俑像，直到20世纪70年代才为人所知，想想这一切，真是非常神奇。 2.常见的结构 （1）It + be动词+形容词(possible / natural / certain / strange / necessary /important …)+that从句。 It is obvious that we have to walk home. 很明显我们不得不走回家。 注意：当形容词是important/natural/necessary/strange/essential/surprising等时，从句的谓语常用should+动词原形，并且should还可以省略。 It is necessary that we (should) learn English well. 我们学好英语是必要的。 （2）It + be动词+名词（a pity/ honour/ problem/ shame/ surprise/ fact /no wonder /good news…）+that从句。 It is a pity that we missed the flight. 很遗憾我们错过了航班。 It is an honour that I can give this speech here. 很荣幸我能在这里演讲。 （3）It + 过去分词（known /said /reported /believed /announced /accepted /found /claimed /declared /thought /hoped /suggested / estimated /demanded / required / recommended）+ that从句。 It is said that the war will end this year. 据说战争今年会结束。 注意：过去分词是suggested/demanded/required/commanded/recommended/ordered等时，从句的谓语常用should+动词原形，并且should还可以省略。 It is recommended that we (should) stay in the mountain in the day. 根据推荐我们白天应该待在山里。 （4）It + 其他动词（turn out/happen/appear/occur to sb /hit sb / strike sb）+that从句。 It turned out that he failed to find his wife there. 结果是他没能在哪里找到他的妻子。 1. __________ seems that most houses have been destroyed by the storm. 2.It is estimated ________up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these radio broadcasts. 3. _______suddenly hit him that he could join the charity to help the homeless. 4.You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; ________ made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. 5.________ is suggested that on no occasion should you tell other people the password of your email account. 6. ________never occurred to me that he would fail in the exam. 7.It is a great pity ________ you couldn't visit the Forbidden City when you were in Beijing. 8.It is reported _______ the government is going to close the factory. 9.It ________ (acknowledge) that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. 10.It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning grey. it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 1.课本经典句式 （1）It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world. But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. (人教版2019必修一 Unit 1) 对于你们这一代的青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引并不罕见。但是花太多的时间在网上是不健康的，让你很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。 （2）There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. (人教版2019必修二 Unit 1)新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 （3）Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. (人教版2019必修二 Unit 1)这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 （4）Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper? (人教版2019必修二 Unit 2) 为了让人类有更多的纸张，就让动物无家可归，这样做对吗？ 2.常见的结构 （1）It＋be＋形容词（difficult / easy / hard / important / impossible / necessary…）＋for sb＋to do 【形容词侧重描述不定式动作的特性、特点】 It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. （2）It＋be＋形容词（careless / clever / foolish / silly / kind / lazy / honest / stupid / wise / rude / polite…）＋of sb＋to do 【形容词侧重评价人物的特性、特征、品质】 It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. （3）It＋be＋名词（a pity / fact / shame / question / pleasure , an honor, one’s duty）＋to do 【名词多为抽象名词】 It's our duty to take good care of the old. （4）It takes sb+ time / money / patience / courage / skill / imagination…to do How long did it take you to finish the work? （5）It seems (appears)＋形容词＋to do It seemed impossible to save money. 1.A small town in England is teaching the world that it is important ________ (grow) your own food. 2.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take   (get) there. 3.It is their responsibility________ (ensure) that the rules are enforced. 4.It is very kind you to give me a hand in time. 5.It is crucial ________(step) up international cooperation to minimize the COVID-19’s impact on economic growth. 6.It takes me a long time ________(finish) to project so that I feel too tired to walk any further. 7.The poster warns people that it’s illegal ________(hunt) endangered animals in the reserve. 8.It’s possible _________ (give) without loving, but it is not possible to love without giving. 9.It's not my job (lock) up! So please don't make me do it. 10.It is possible    (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 As desperate parents of a daughter born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫), we were quick to try any suggestion that we believed could help her. One day, we were travelling to a village for    1    when we had a(n)    2   . So, there we were — a family of three — stranded. 3    , there were several restaurants where I sought help. I    4    a middle-aged Muslim man in plain pyjamas passing by and explained my    5    to him. He said he knew of a    6    centre close by, and then gently added, “Ask your family to wait here. The roads are not safe.” My anxiety  7   , but we had no choice. He noticed that our 9-year-old daughter couldn’t walk, and called a woman from a food stall to help. Sensing my fear at leaving them alone, he quickly 8   , “I can go and get the flat tyre fixed.” I tried to pay him for the    9  but he only said, “We can figure it out later.” After waiting for what felt like hours, I wondered if he would 10    return. What if it was all a trick? The woman who helped earlier    11    us, “Don’t worry. He’ll be back soon.” But her words were of little    12   . Two hours later, with midnight approaching, we finally heard the sound of a bike. “The shop is   13    fifteen kilometres away. We didn’t tell you, because that would have increased your    14   ,” said the man. He then put the wheel    15   . I took out a 500-rupee note to pay him for his pains, but he refused. “Thank you, brother,” was all I could say. Choked with gratitude, I didn’t even remember to ask his name. 1. A. safety B. work C. treatment D. charity 2. A. plan B. flat C. crash D. emergency 3. A. Obviously B. Hopefully C. Eventually D. Fortunately 4. A. came across B. picked up C. fell for D. took on 5. A. consideration B. situation C. hesitation D. motivation 6. A. repair B. medical C. shopping D. research 7. A. worsened B. decreased C. occurred D. faded 8. A. joked B. whispered C. screamed D. volunteered 9. A. trouble B. expense C. assignment D. deal 10. A. yet B. just C. ever D. only 11. A. warned B. persuaded C. interrupted D. assured 12. A. comfort B. value C. importance D. guidance 13. A. actually B. unbelievably C. unexpectedly D. absolutely 14. A. awkwardness B. hesitation C. worry D. puzzle 15. A. in store B. in power C. in order D. in place 二、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Opera is an art form that celebrates the human voice. No other art form creates excitement and moves the heart in the way that opera does, especially when performed by a great singer. Opera is an important part of the Western classical music tradition. It uses music, words, and actions to bring a dramatic story to life. Opera started in Italy at the end of the 16th century and later became popular throughout Europe. Over the years, it has responded to various musicals. In recent decades, much wider audiences have been introduced to opera through modern recording technology. Some singers have become celebrities thanks to performing on radio, on TV, and in the cinema. However, in recent years, opera has been facing serious challenges. One current challenge to opera is economic. The shortage of money raises the broader question of how much should be paid to support opera singers and other artists. Society seems to accept the large salaries paid to business managers and the multi-million-dollar contracts given to sports athletes. But what about opera singers? Somehow, people have the idea that artists can be creative only if they suffer in poverty, but this is unrealistic. If artists, including opera singers, lack the support they need, valuable talent is wasted. Not only the shortage of money, but also the way money is managed in the opera world has led to hardships. Principal (主要的)singers are generally paid performance fees once they complete a show. They typically receive nothing during the many weeks of rehearsal (排练) before a show starts. Another problem faced by opera is how to meet the demands of audiences who are influenced by popular entertainment. Pop singers are often judged as much on the basis of how they look as how they sound. These demands may be unrealistic and possibly harmful. Opera singers simply cannot make a sound big enough to fill a large theater or concert hall without a microphone if their body weight is too low. Emphasizing physical appearance over singing ability may cause audiences to miss out on the human voice at its best. There are no easy solutions to opera's problems and there are many different opinions about the value of opera. However, every year many young people register for music courses with hopes and dreams of developing their talents in this special art form. The fact that opera has survived many obstacles and continues to attract the rising generation shows that it remains a respected art form full of value. 1. Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Opera singers' life stories are dramatic. B. Opera will soon appear on TV and in films C. Opera fans thank celebrities for performing. D. Opera develops by adapting to new conditions. 2. What can we know from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Opera singers are financially insecure. B. Opera singers waste their valuable talent. C. Opera singers get paid before the show. D. Opera singers perform better if they are poor. 3. What does the author try to say in Paragraph 4? A. Popular culture has had a positive influence on opera. B. Audiences know best how opera should be performed. C. Microphones should be used to make opera more enjoyable. D. Opera singers' voices should be valued more than their looks. 4. What would be the best title for this passage? A. The Economic Challenge to Opera  B. Opera Faced with the Difficulties C. Opera as Part of Popular Culture  D. The Historical Context of Opera 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 A report l (show) that 38% of students often use the Internet. Most of them get 2 (use) information on the Internet and use the Internet to help with their studies. But many students don't use it 3 a good way. Some play games too much, and some visit websites which are not 4 (intend) for them. So bad things may happen if students spend too much time on the Internet. 5 is important for students to use the Internet 6 (proper). Now we have a textbook, 7 uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice. Some students also make friends on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face 8 (communicate) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place. In order 9 (protect)the younger generation from being influenced by the bad factors of the Internet, we need 10 (determine) and courage to deal with it. 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Each year, the women of Olney and Liberal compete in an unusual footrace. Dressed in aprons (围裙) and headscarves, they wait at both towns’ starting lines. Each woman holds a frying pan with one pancake inside. At the signal, the women flip (轻抛) pancakes and they’re off! This “pancake racing” tradition is said to have started on Shrove Tuesday, 1445, in Olney. Shrove Tuesday is the day before the Christian season of Lent (大斋戒) begins. During Lent, many people decide to give up sugary or fatty foods. Legend says that in 1445, an Olney woman was making pancakes to use up some of her sugar and cooking fats before Lent. She lost track of time and suddenly heard the church bells ring, signaling the beginning of the Shrove Tuesday service. Realizing that she was going to be late for church, she raced out the door still wearing her apron and headscarf and holding her frying pan with a pancake in it. In the following years, the woman’s neighbors imitated her dash to church, and pancake racing was born. The rules are simple. Racers must wear the traditional headscarf and apron. They must flip their pancakes twice - once before starting and once after crossing the finish line. After the race, there are Shrove Tuesday church services. Then Liberal and Olney connect through a video call to compare race times and declare a winner. In both towns, the races have grown into larger festivals. Olney’s festival is an all-day event starting with a big pancake breakfast. Liberal’s festival lasts four days and includes a parade, a talent show, and contests that feature eating and flipping pancakes. Although the women’s race is still the main event, both towns now hold additional races for boys and girls of all ages. 1. How did pancake racing start? A. A woman in Olney created it. B. Women made pancakes before Lent. C. A woman dashed to church with a pancake. D. People followed the suit of an interesting incident. 2. What should racers obey during the race? A. They can wear fashionable headscarves and aprons. B. They must flip their pancakes once in the race. C. They must flip their pancakes at the beginning of the race. D. They can flip their pancakes in the middle of the race. 3. What can we learn about the race from the last paragraph? A. People can show their talent in Olney festival. B. People can enjoy a one-day holiday in Liberal. C. The race is not only intended for women now. D. People can have a big pancake breakfast in both towns. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The origin of pancake racing. B. The history of pancake racing. C. The development of pancake racing. D. The introduction to pancake racing. 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When you find a way to enjoy what you’ re studying, you’ll be more motivated (激发) to do well in school — and might even have fun doing it!    1    If you can find the things you like learning about, this can help you become more interested in school in general. Think about which classes you pay the most attention to. This can help you know which subjects you are naturally interested in. Think about classes you don’t like in an objective (客观的) way.    2    . Try thinking about the purpose of the classes you are taking and think about classes as stepping stones. For example, if you want to go to college, then you know you need to do well in your high school classes, and this can encourage you to become interested in them. Reduce stress (减轻压力). While academic difficulties in a certain subject might cause you to lose interest in school, other common stress factors (因素) can do the same.    3    . If you are having problems in an area like one of these, talk to a parent, teacher, or friend you trust about getting help. If you can reduce your stress, you are more likely to be interested in your studies. Don’t be overly competitive. Some friendly competition can be fun.    4    . Focus on doing well for yourself and achieving your goals. Try to be competitive only when it is fun and makes you interested in school.    5    . Set realistic goals, and don’t worry too much about what others are doing. A．Know what interests you naturally. B．You don’t have to be the best at everything. C．Try to form a study group to get schoolwork done. D．However, too much competition produces anxiety. E．You’ll feel good about the progress you make each day. F．These may include worrying about your appearance, relationships, etc. G．If you try, you may become interested in a subject you don’t think you enjoy. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Machines work well at a constant speed - and the faster the better. Whether they are spinning cotton 1 dealing with numbers, regular, repetitive actions are what they excel at. Increasingly, our world is being designed by machines and for machines. We adapt to machines and hold ourselves to their standards: People 2 (judge) by the speed at which they respond, not the quality of their response. “Always on" becomes something to take pride . When I ask people 4 they are doing, they almost always answer “busy". Ticking things off the “to do" list becomes 5 means of defining ourselves. 6 (occupy) if not with work then with family or our social networks, most of us feel exhausted. A few years ago, I became very interested in what it meant 7 (pause). I started to notice where pauses show up in my own work and life. For example, I realized when I was writing, a short walk was a(n) 8 (effective) way to focus than concentrating harder. The small walk acted as a pause, 9 (enable) me to rest, reflect or refresh, appreciate and break a block in my 10 (creative). I realized that pause is not nothing! A minute eating ice-cream is not the same as a minute doing push-ups. Even time itself isn't a uniform raw material - as the physics of Einstein shows. 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （2023全国甲卷）I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 1. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 2. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book. 3. What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A. Its views on history are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C. It includes comments from readers. D. It leaves an open ending. 4. What does the author think of Weiner’s book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. B （2023全国甲卷）Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 5. How do Americans look at grizzlies? A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks. C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture. 6. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A. The European settlers’ behavior. B. The expansion of bears’ range. C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans. 7. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies? A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies. C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers’ advocates. 8. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person （2023全国甲卷）Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. ___1___. In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___2___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___3___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● ___4___. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___5___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___1___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___2___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___3___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___4___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___5___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___6___ (intend) for everyone. ___7___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___8___ saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___9___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____10_____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题10 形式主语it的用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 it作形式主语，真正的主语是从句的用法 考点二 it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式的用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 当主语部分较长时，为了不出现“头重脚轻”的问题。在英语中，我们常常将真正的主语部分后置，而使用 it 做形式主语。其中真正的主语主要有不定式、动名词和从句。本章节重点讲解it作形式主语，真正的主语是从句和不定式。 it作形式主语，真正的主语是从句的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 1.课本经典句式 It’s amazing that there are more than 8,000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s. (人教版2019必修一Unit 2) 那里有8000多座俑像，直到20世纪70年代才为人所知，想想这一切，真是非常神奇。 2.常见的结构 （1）It + be动词+形容词(possible / natural / certain / strange / necessary /important …)+that从句。 It is obvious that we have to walk home. 很明显我们不得不走回家。 注意：当形容词是important/natural/necessary/strange/essential/surprising等时，从句的谓语常用should+动词原形，并且should还可以省略。 It is necessary that we (should) learn English well. 我们学好英语是必要的。 （2）It + be动词+名词（a pity/ honour/ problem/ shame/ surprise/ fact /no wonder /good news…）+that从句。 It is a pity that we missed the flight. 很遗憾我们错过了航班。 It is an honour that I can give this speech here. 很荣幸我能在这里演讲。 （3）It + 过去分词（known /said /reported /believed /announced /accepted /found /claimed /declared /thought /hoped /suggested / estimated /demanded / required / recommended）+ that从句。 It is said that the war will end this year. 据说战争今年会结束。 注意：过去分词是suggested/demanded/required/commanded/recommended/ordered等时，从句的谓语常用should+动词原形，并且should还可以省略。 It is recommended that we (should) stay in the mountain in the day. 根据推荐我们白天应该待在山里。 （4）It + 其他动词（turn out/happen/appear/occur to sb /hit sb / strike sb）+that从句。 It turned out that he failed to find his wife there. 结果是他没能在哪里找到他的妻子。 1. __________ seems that most houses have been destroyed by the storm. 【答案】It 【详解】句意：暴风雨似乎摧毁了大多数房屋。 考查it作形式主语。分析句子可知，此处用it作形式主语，“most houses have been destroyed by the storm”作真正的主语，且首字母大写。故填It。 2.It is estimated ________up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these radio broadcasts. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：据估计，多达60%的当地人口正通过这些无线电广播得到广播。 考查主语从句。分析句子，句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，引导词在从句中不作成分，只起到引导作用。故填that。 3. _______suddenly hit him that he could join the charity to help the homeless. 【答案】It 【详解】句意：他突然想到他可以加入慈善机构帮助无家可归者。 考查固定句型。it hit(s) sb that…“某人突然想起某事”是固定句型，it用作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。句首字母大写，故填It。 4.You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; ________ made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. 【答案】it 【详解】句意：你不能在借出一本书的当天就把它还给图书馆：你读了书里面的每一个字和需要另一本书来读，这对她来说都没有影响。 考查it作形式主语。分析句子可知，空后的分句中，空处it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。故填it。 5.________ is suggested that on no occasion should you tell other people the password of your email account. 【答案】It 【详解】句意：建议你在任何情况下都不要告诉别人你的电子邮件帐户的密码。 考查it做形式主语。分析句子结构和意思可知，that on no occasion should you tell other people the password of your email account是主语从句做真正的主语，所以要用it做形式主语。故填It。 6. ________never occurred to me that he would fail in the exam. 【答案】It 【详解】句意：我从来没想过他考试失败。 考查固定句型。It occurred to sb. that…是固定句型，表示“某人突然想到……”，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句作真正的主语，故填It。 7.It is a great pity ________ you couldn't visit the Forbidden City when you were in Beijing. 【答案】that 【详解】句意:你在北京时没能参观故宫真是太遗憾了。 考查主语从句。结合句意表示“……太遗憾”可知句型为It is a great pity that...,it为形式主语,that引导主语从句。故填that。 8.It is reported _______ the government is going to close the factory. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：据报道，政府要关闭这家工厂。 考查主语从句。It is/was reported that...，表示“据报道......”，本结构中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。根据题意，所以设空处填that。故填that。 9.It ________ (acknowledge) that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. 【答案】is acknowledged 【详解】句意：普遍认为应该从综合素质方面去评价学生。 考查谓语动词。分析句式可知，考查固定句型It is + said/reported/suggested…that…表示“据说、认为”，故此处填写It is acknowledged that…意思是“据认为”。故填is acknowledged。 10.It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning grey. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：她的头发变得灰白，这让她有点焦急。 考查主语从句。这里句首的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的her hair was turning grey，that只起连接作用，没实际意义。故填that。 it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式的用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 1.课本经典句式 （1）It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world. But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. (人教版2019必修一 Unit 1) 对于你们这一代的青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引并不罕见。但是花太多的时间在网上是不健康的，让你很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。 （2）There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. (人教版2019必修二 Unit 1)新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 （3）Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. (人教版2019必修二 Unit 1)这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 （4）Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper? (人教版2019必修二 Unit 2) 为了让人类有更多的纸张，就让动物无家可归，这样做对吗？ 2.常见的结构 （1）It＋be＋形容词（difficult / easy / hard / important / impossible / necessary…）＋for sb＋to do 【形容词侧重描述不定式动作的特性、特点】 It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. （2）It＋be＋形容词（careless / clever / foolish / silly / kind / lazy / honest / stupid / wise / rude / polite…）＋of sb＋to do 【形容词侧重评价人物的特性、特征、品质】 It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. （3）It＋be＋名词（a pity / fact / shame / question / pleasure , an honor, one’s duty）＋to do 【名词多为抽象名词】 It's our duty to take good care of the old. （4）It takes sb+ time / money / patience / courage / skill / imagination…to do How long did it take you to finish the work? （5）It seems (appears)＋形容词＋to do It seemed impossible to save money. 1.A small town in England is teaching the world that it is important ________ (grow) your own food. 【答案】to grow 【详解】句意：英国的一个小镇正在告诉全世界，种植自己的食物很重要。 考查动词不定式作主语。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型it is+形容词+to do，表示“做某事是怎样的”，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式to do作真正的主语。故填to grow。 2.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take   (get) there. 【答案】to get 【详解】句意：在去那所房子的路上，雨下得如此之大以至于我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。 考查动词不定式作主语。分析句子结构，在“It takes some time to do sth.”句型中，it 作形式主语，time作宾语，动词不定式作真正主语。句中在用how long对对宾语时间提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to get。故填to get。 3.It is their responsibility________ (ensure) that the rules are enforced. 【答案】to ensure 【详解】句意：他们有责任确保制度的执行。 考查动词不定式作主语。本句中It是形式主语，空处应填动词不定式，作真正的主语。故填to ensure。 4.It is very kind you to give me a hand in time. 【答案】of 【详解】句意：你及时帮了我一把，真是太好了。 考查介词。 本句包含It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do句式。Kind是描述you，侧重评价人物的特性、特征、品质，故填介词of。 5.It is crucial ________(step) up international cooperation to minimize the COVID-19’s impact on economic growth. 【答案】to step 【详解】句意：加强国际合作，减少新冠肺炎疫情对经济增长的影响是至关重要的。 考查动词不定式作主语。分析句子可知，此处用了It is adj. to do sth.的固定句型，It作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，空处应用to step。故填to step。 6.It takes me a long time ________(finish) to project so that I feel too tired to walk any further. 【答案】to finish 【详解】句意：我花了很长时间才完成这个项目，以至于我累得走不动了。 考查动词不定式。“it takes sb some time to do sth”为固定句型，意为“花费某人多长时间去做某事”，it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语，故填to finish。 7.The poster warns people that it’s illegal ________(hunt) endangered animals in the reserve. 【答案】to hunt 【详解】句意：海报警告人们在保护区捕猎濒危动物是非法的。 考查动词不定式。句意： It is +形容词+ to do sth.做某事，it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。根据句意，故填to hunt。 8.It’s possible _________ (give) without loving, but it is not possible to love without giving. 【答案】to give 【详解】句意：可以付出而不爱，但不可能只爱而不付出。 考查动词不定式作主语。分析句子可知，空处是固定句型it is possible to do sth.“有可能做……”，it在句中作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to give。 9.It's not my job (lock) up! So please don't make me do it. 【答案】to lock 【详解】句意：上锁不是我的事儿!所以请不要让我做这件事情。 考查动词不定式作主语。分析题干可知，本题考查“It be+ one's job +to do sth.”，故答案为to lock。 10.It is possible    (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 【答案】 【详解】句意：可以步行或骑自行车走14公里。 考查动词不定式作主语。分析句子可知，此处考查句型“It + be + adj. + to do sth.”，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。故答案填to walk。 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 As desperate parents of a daughter born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫), we were quick to try any suggestion that we believed could help her. One day, we were travelling to a village for    1    when we had a(n)    2   . So, there we were — a family of three — stranded. 3    , there were several restaurants where I sought help. I    4    a middle-aged Muslim man in plain pyjamas passing by and explained my    5    to him. He said he knew of a    6    centre close by, and then gently added, “Ask your family to wait here. The roads are not safe.” My anxiety  7   , but we had no choice. He noticed that our 9-year-old daughter couldn’t walk, and called a woman from a food stall to help. Sensing my fear at leaving them alone, he quickly 8   , “I can go and get the flat tyre fixed.” I tried to pay him for the    9  but he only said, “We can figure it out later.” After waiting for what felt like hours, I wondered if he would 10    return. What if it was all a trick? The woman who helped earlier    11    us, “Don’t worry. He’ll be back soon.” But her words were of little    12   . Two hours later, with midnight approaching, we finally heard the sound of a bike. “The shop is   13    fifteen kilometres away. We didn’t tell you, because that would have increased your    14   ,” said the man. He then put the wheel    15   . I took out a 500-rupee note to pay him for his pains, but he refused. “Thank you, brother,” was all I could say. Choked with gratitude, I didn’t even remember to ask his name. 1. A. safety B. work C. treatment D. charity 2. A. plan B. flat C. crash D. emergency 3. A. Obviously B. Hopefully C. Eventually D. Fortunately 4. A. came across B. picked up C. fell for D. took on 5. A. consideration B. situation C. hesitation D. motivation 6. A. repair B. medical C. shopping D. research 7. A. worsened B. decreased C. occurred D. faded 8. A. joked B. whispered C. screamed D. volunteered 9. A. trouble B. expense C. assignment D. deal 10. A. yet B. just C. ever D. only 11. A. warned B. persuaded C. interrupted D. assured 12. A. comfort B. value C. importance D. guidance 13. A. actually B. unbelievably C. unexpectedly D. absolutely 14. A. awkwardness B. hesitation C. worry D. puzzle 15. A. in store B. in power C. in order D. in place 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C  11. D 12. A  13. A  14. C  15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在带女儿看病的路上车辆发生故障，得到当地人仗义帮助的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我们去一个村庄治疗时，我们的自行车轮胎瘪了。A. safety安全；B. work工作；C. treatment治疗；D. charity慈善。分析前文句意可知，前文提到女儿患有脑瘫，夫妻寻找一切方法来帮助，可见前往小镇也是为了治疗。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我们去一个村庄治疗时，我们的自行车轮胎瘪了。A. plan计划； B. flat平的，瘪了；C. crash崩溃；D. emergency紧急。分析后文句子“I can go and get the flat tyre fixed.”可知，设空处应指的是瘪了的轮胎。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这儿有几家餐馆我可以寻求帮助。A. Obviously明显地；B. Hopefully希望地；C. Eventually最终；D. Fortunately幸运的是。根据前文“So, there we were — a family of three — stranded.(就这样，我们一家三口陷入困境之中)”及下文“there were several restaurants where I sought help.(这儿有几家餐馆我可以寻求帮助)”可知，设空处应填幸运的是。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我遇到一位穿着朴素睡衣的中年穆斯林男子经过，我向他解释了我的情况。A. came across遇到；B. picked up捡起；C. fell for爱上；D. took on呈现。根据上下文语境可知，这里的意思是我们在当地遇到了一个人。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我遇到一位穿着朴素睡衣的中年穆斯林男子经过，我向他解释了我的情况。A. consideration考虑；B. situation情况；C. hesitation犹豫；D. motivation动机。根据上下文语境可知，这里的意思是我们向我们所遇到的这位男子解释我们的情况。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说他知道附近有一家维修中心，然后又温和地补充说：“让你的家人在这里等着。道路不安全。”A. repair修理；B. medical医疗； C. shopping购物；D. research研究。分析后文“I can go and get the flat tyre fixed.(我可以去把车胎修好)”可知，这位男子知道附近有一家修理中心。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的焦虑加剧了，但我们别无选择。 A. worsened恶化，加剧；B. decreased减少；C. occurred发生；D. faded褪色。根据上文内容可知，作者他们陷入了困境，而求助的这位男子还告诉他们路上不安全，所以作者焦虑的心情更加加剧了。设空处应填加剧。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：察觉到我离开他们时的恐惧，他赶紧主动说:“我可以去把车胎修好。”。A. joked开玩笑说；B. whispered低声说；C. screamed尖叫；D. volunteered自愿。根据上文内容“He noticed that our 9-year-old daughter couldn’t walk, and called a woman from a food stall to help.(他注意到我们9岁的女儿不能走路，就从食品摊上叫了一个女人来帮忙)”及下文内容这名男子去帮作者把轮胎修好了。可知，设空处应填自愿。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想给他付这笔费用，但他只说：“我们以后再解决这个问题。”A. trouble麻烦；B. expense费用；C. assignment赋值；D. deal交易。根据上下文语境可知，作者相向这名男子支付修理自行车的费用。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我好像等了好几个小时，不知道他究竟还会不会回来。A. yet还；B. just只是；C. ever究竟；D. only只。根据下文“Don’t worry. He’ll be back soon.”可知，这里表达作者的担心，所以设空处应填究竟。故选C项。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：之前帮忙的那位女士向我们保证说：“别担心。他很快就回来。”A. warned警告；B. persuaded说服；C. interrupted中断；D. assured保证。根据上下文语境可知，帮助我们的那位女士看出了作者的担心，她想打消作者的疑虑，设空处应填保证。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她的话并没有给人带来多少安慰。A. comfort舒适，安慰；B. value价值；C. importance重要性；D. guidance指导。根据上句“Don’t worry. He’ll be back soon.(别担心。他很快就回来)”可知，那位女士是在安慰作者。故选A项。 【13题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“这家商店实际上有十五公里远。我们没有告诉你，因为那会增加你的忧虑。”这位男士说。A. actually实际上； B. unbelievably难以置信地；C. unexpectedly意外；D. absolutely绝对地。根据上下文语境可知，设空处表达的是修理商店事实上离这里有15公里远。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这家商店实际上有十五公里远。我们没有告诉你，因为那会增加你的忧虑。”这位男士说。A. awkwardness尴尬；B. hesitation犹豫；C. worry担心，忧虑；D. puzzle谜。根据上下文语境可知，设空处表达的是这位男子没有告诉作者实情，因为那会增加作者的忧虑。故选C项。 【15题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：然后他把轮子放回原位。A. in store在商店；B. in power掌权；C. in order整齐，井然有序；D. in place在适当的位置。根据上下文语境及常识可知，设空处表达的是这位男子将修好的轮胎安装到原位。故选D项。 二、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Opera is an art form that celebrates the human voice. No other art form creates excitement and moves the heart in the way that opera does, especially when performed by a great singer. Opera is an important part of the Western classical music tradition. It uses music, words, and actions to bring a dramatic story to life. Opera started in Italy at the end of the 16th century and later became popular throughout Europe. Over the years, it has responded to various musicals. In recent decades, much wider audiences have been introduced to opera through modern recording technology. Some singers have become celebrities thanks to performing on radio, on TV, and in the cinema. However, in recent years, opera has been facing serious challenges. One current challenge to opera is economic. The shortage of money raises the broader question of how much should be paid to support opera singers and other artists. Society seems to accept the large salaries paid to business managers and the multi-million-dollar contracts given to sports athletes. But what about opera singers? Somehow, people have the idea that artists can be creative only if they suffer in poverty, but this is unrealistic. If artists, including opera singers, lack the support they need, valuable talent is wasted. Not only the shortage of money, but also the way money is managed in the opera world has led to hardships. Principal (主要的)singers are generally paid performance fees once they complete a show. They typically receive nothing during the many weeks of rehearsal (排练) before a show starts. Another problem faced by opera is how to meet the demands of audiences who are influenced by popular entertainment. Pop singers are often judged as much on the basis of how they look as how they sound. These demands may be unrealistic and possibly harmful. Opera singers simply cannot make a sound big enough to fill a large theater or concert hall without a microphone if their body weight is too low. Emphasizing physical appearance over singing ability may cause audiences to miss out on the human voice at its best. There are no easy solutions to opera's problems and there are many different opinions about the value of opera. However, every year many young people register for music courses with hopes and dreams of developing their talents in this special art form. The fact that opera has survived many obstacles and continues to attract the rising generation shows that it remains a respected art form full of value. 1. Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Opera singers' life stories are dramatic. B. Opera will soon appear on TV and in films C. Opera fans thank celebrities for performing. D. Opera develops by adapting to new conditions. 2. What can we know from Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Opera singers are financially insecure. B. Opera singers waste their valuable talent. C. Opera singers get paid before the show. D. Opera singers perform better if they are poor. 3. What does the author try to say in Paragraph 4? A. Popular culture has had a positive influence on opera. B. Audiences know best how opera should be performed. C. Microphones should be used to make opera more enjoyable. D. Opera singers' voices should be valued more than their looks. 4. What would be the best title for this passage? A. The Economic Challenge to Opera  B. Opera Faced with the Difficulties C. Opera as Part of Popular Culture  D. The Historical Context of Opera 【答案】1. D   2. A   3. D   4. B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。近年来，歌剧面临着很多严峻的挑战，但歌剧依然有着顽强的生命力。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段第一段第五句到第七句“Opera started in Italy at the end of the 16th century and later became popular throughout Europe. Over the years, it has responded to various musicals. In recent decades, much wider audiences have been introduced to opera through modern recording technology. ”（歌剧起源于16世纪末的意大利，后来风靡整个欧洲。多年来，它对各种音乐剧做出了回应。近几十年来，通过现代录音技术，歌剧吸引了更多的观众。）可知，歌剧是在适应新的环境中发展起来的。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Not only the shortage of money, but also the way money is managed in the opera world has led to hardships. Principal (主要的)singers are generally paid performance fees once they complete a show. They typically receive nothing during the many weeks of rehearsal (排练) before a show starts.”（不仅是资金短缺，而且在歌剧界的资金管理方式也导致了困难。首席歌手通常会在演出结束后获得演出费用。在演出开始前的几个星期里，他们通常什么也得不到。）可知，歌剧演员在经济上没有保障。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Emphasizing physical appearance over singing ability may cause audiences to miss out on the human voice at its best.”（强调外表而不是歌唱能力可能会导致观众错过人声的最佳状态。）可知，作者在第四段中想表达的是歌剧演唱者的声音应该比他们的外表更受重视。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“However, in recent years, opera has been facing serious challenges.”（然而，近年来，歌剧面临着严峻的挑战。），第三段第一句“Not only the shortage of money, but also the way money is managed in the opera world has led to hardships.”（不仅是资金短缺，而且在歌剧界的资金管理方式也导致了困难。）和第四段第一句“Another problem faced by opera is how to meet the demands of audiences who are influenced by popular entertainment.”（歌剧面临的另一个问题是如何满足受大众娱乐影响的观众的需求。）可知，文章主要是讲歌剧面临着很多严峻的挑战。故选B。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 A report l (show) that 38% of students often use the Internet. Most of them get 2 (use) information on the Internet and use the Internet to help with their studies. But many students don't use it 3 a good way. Some play games too much, and some visit websites which are not 4 (intend) for them. So bad things may happen if students spend too much time on the Internet. 5 is important for students to use the Internet 6 (proper). Now we have a textbook, 7 uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice. Some students also make friends on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face 8 (communicate) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place. In order 9 (protect)the younger generation from being influenced by the bad factors of the Internet, we need 10 (determine) and courage to deal with it. 【答案】1.shows 2.useful 3.in 4.intended 5. it 6.properly 7.which 8.commmunication 9.to protect 10.determination 【解析】 【导语】互联网融入了很多年轻人的生活方式，如果要见网友，要告知家人。 【1题详解】 考查谓语。报告“表明”……，该空应填谓语。根据语境，文章是一般现在时。主语是A report，故此处应用第三人称单数，故填shows。 【2题详解】 考查形容词。应用形容词修饰名词 information，故填useful。 【3题详解】 考查介词。“以一种好的方式”,与“way"搭配的是“in”，故填in。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语。固定搭配"be intended for”专供……使用的，故填intended。 【5题详解】 考查代词。句子包含了it is+adj + for sb to do sth。此处it作形式主语，指代后面的“to use the Internet proper”，故填it。 【6题详解】 考查副词。应用副词修饰动词“use”，故填properly。 【7题详解】 考查连词。此处是非限制性定语从句。which指代物“textbook”，在定语从句中作主语，故填which。 【8题详解】 考查名词。“面对面的交流”,“face-to-face"形容词修饰名词，故填communication。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语。“in order to do sth."为了做某事，不定式作目的状语，故填to protect。 【10题详解】 考查名词。根据句意，“我们需要决心和勇气”。故填determination。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Each year, the women of Olney and Liberal compete in an unusual footrace. Dressed in aprons (围裙) and headscarves, they wait at both towns’ starting lines. Each woman holds a frying pan with one pancake inside. At the signal, the women flip (轻抛) pancakes and they’re off! This “pancake racing” tradition is said to have started on Shrove Tuesday, 1445, in Olney. Shrove Tuesday is the day before the Christian season of Lent (大斋戒) begins. During Lent, many people decide to give up sugary or fatty foods. Legend says that in 1445, an Olney woman was making pancakes to use up some of her sugar and cooking fats before Lent. She lost track of time and suddenly heard the church bells ring, signaling the beginning of the Shrove Tuesday service. Realizing that she was going to be late for church, she raced out the door still wearing her apron and headscarf and holding her frying pan with a pancake in it. In the following years, the woman’s neighbors imitated her dash to church, and pancake racing was born. The rules are simple. Racers must wear the traditional headscarf and apron. They must flip their pancakes twice - once before starting and once after crossing the finish line. After the race, there are Shrove Tuesday church services. Then Liberal and Olney connect through a video call to compare race times and declare a winner. In both towns, the races have grown into larger festivals. Olney’s festival is an all-day event starting with a big pancake breakfast. Liberal’s festival lasts four days and includes a parade, a talent show, and contests that feature eating and flipping pancakes. Although the women’s race is still the main event, both towns now hold additional races for boys and girls of all ages. 1. How did pancake racing start? A. A woman in Olney created it. B. Women made pancakes before Lent. C. A woman dashed to church with a pancake. D. People followed the suit of an interesting incident. 2. What should racers obey during the race? A. They can wear fashionable headscarves and aprons. B. They must flip their pancakes once in the race. C. They must flip their pancakes at the beginning of the race. D. They can flip their pancakes in the middle of the race. 3. What can we learn about the race from the last paragraph? A. People can show their talent in Olney festival. B. People can enjoy a one-day holiday in Liberal. C. The race is not only intended for women now. D. People can have a big pancake breakfast in both towns. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The origin of pancake racing. B. The history of pancake racing. C. The development of pancake racing. D. The introduction to pancake racing. 【答案】1. D   2. C   3. C   4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Olney和Liberal镇上别开生面的比赛——煎饼赛跑。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Dressed in aprons (围裙) and headscarves, they wait at both towns’ starting lines. Each woman holds a frying pan with one pancake inside. At the signal, the women flip (轻抛) pancakes and they’re off! (她们穿着围裙，带着头巾，在两个城镇的起跑线上等待。每个女人都拿着一个煎锅，里面有一个煎饼。信号一响，女人们就翻煎饼，出发了！)”可知，人们跟着一件有趣的事情开始煎饼赛跑。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At the signal, the women flip (轻抛) pancakes and they’re off! (信号一响，女人们就翻煎饼，出发了！)”可知，她们必须在比赛开始时翻转她们的煎饼。故选C。 【3题详解】  推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although the women’s race is still the main event, both towns now hold additional races for boys and girls of all ages. (虽然女子比赛仍是主要赛事，但两个城镇现在都为各个年龄段的男孩和女孩举行额外的比赛)”可知，这场比赛现在不仅仅是为女性准备的。故选C。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Each year, the women of Olney and Liberal compete in an unusual footrace. Dressed in aprons (围裙) and headscarves, they wait at both towns’ starting lines. Each woman holds a frying pan with one pancake inside. At the signal, the women flip (轻抛) pancakes and they’re off! (每年，Olney和Liberal镇的妇女都要参加一项不同寻常的赛跑。他们穿着围裙，带着头巾，在两个城镇的起跑线上等待。每个女人都拿着一个煎锅，里面有一个煎饼。信号一响，女人们就翻煎饼，出发了！)”及对于这一传统赛事的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了Olney和Liberal镇上别开生面的比赛——煎饼赛跑。故选D。 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When you find a way to enjoy what you’ re studying, you’ll be more motivated (激发) to do well in school — and might even have fun doing it!    1    If you can find the things you like learning about, this can help you become more interested in school in general. Think about which classes you pay the most attention to. This can help you know which subjects you are naturally interested in. Think about classes you don’t like in an objective (客观的) way.    2    . Try thinking about the purpose of the classes you are taking and think about classes as stepping stones. For example, if you want to go to college, then you know you need to do well in your high school classes, and this can encourage you to become interested in them. Reduce stress (减轻压力). While academic difficulties in a certain subject might cause you to lose interest in school, other common stress factors (因素) can do the same.    3    . If you are having problems in an area like one of these, talk to a parent, teacher, or friend you trust about getting help. If you can reduce your stress, you are more likely to be interested in your studies. Don’t be overly competitive. Some friendly competition can be fun.    4    . Focus on doing well for yourself and achieving your goals. Try to be competitive only when it is fun and makes you interested in school.    5    . Set realistic goals, and don’t worry too much about what others are doing. A．Know what interests you naturally. B．You don’t have to be the best at everything. C．Try to form a study group to get schoolwork done. D．However, too much competition produces anxiety. E．You’ll feel good about the progress you make each day. F．These may include worrying about your appearance, relationships, etc. G．If you try, you may become interested in a subject you don’t think you enjoy. 【答案】1．A 2．G 3．F 4．D 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了如何让自己在学校感兴趣。 【1题详解】 根据下文“If you can find the things you like learning about, this can help you become more interested in school in general. Think about which classes you pay the most attention to. This can help you know which subjects you are naturally interested in.(如果你能找到你喜欢学习的东西，这可以帮助你对学校更感兴趣。想想你最关注哪些课程。这可以帮助你知道你天生对哪些科目感兴趣。)”可知，这里主要讲找到自己感兴趣的东西然后学习。而A项Know what interests you naturally.(自然知道你感兴趣的是什么。)符合语境，有启下作用，其中interest与下文对应。故选A项。 【2题详解】 根据上文“Think about classes you don’t like in an objective (客观的) way (客观地想想你不喜欢的课程)”可知，此处讲想想自己不喜欢的课程，G项If you try, you may become interested in a subject you don’t think you enjoy.(如果你尝试，你可能会对一个你认为自己不喜欢的主题感兴趣。)承接上文，建议尝试可能会改变，符合语境，其中a subject you don’t think you enjoy与上文 classes you don’t like 对应，有承上作用。故选G项。 【3题详解】 根据上文“While academic difficulties in a certain subject might cause you to lose interest in school, other common stress factors (因素) can do the same. (虽然某一学科的学业困难可能会导致你对学校失去兴趣，但其他常见的压力因素也会造成同样的影响。)”可知，此处讲其他因素也会让你对学校失去兴趣，而F项These may include worrying about your appearance, relationships, etc.(这些可能包括担心你的外表、人际关系等。)是其他因素，符合语境，其中These指代上文other common stress factors，有承上作用。故选F项。 【4题详解】 根据上文“Some friendly competition can be fun. (一些友好的竞争可以很有趣。)”可知，这里讲合理竞争会带来乐趣，而D项However, too much competition produces anxiety.(然而，过多的竞争会产生焦虑。)符合语境，其中competition与上文对应，However形成转折。故选D项。 【5题详解】 由下文“Set realistic goals, and don’t worry too much about what others are doing.(设定现实的目标，不要太担心别人在做什么。)”可知，这里指要定下实际的目标，不要受别人影响。而B项You don’t have to be the best at everything.(你不必在所有事情上都做到最好。)符合语境，引出下文要根据自己实际情况制定计划，所以有启下作用。故选B项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Machines work well at a constant speed - and the faster the better. Whether they are spinning cotton 1 dealing with numbers, regular, repetitive actions are what they excel at. Increasingly, our world is being designed by machines and for machines. We adapt to machines and hold ourselves to their standards: People 2 (judge) by the speed at which they respond, not the quality of their response. “Always on" becomes something to take pride . When I ask people 4 they are doing, they almost always answer “busy". Ticking things off the “to do" list becomes 5 means of defining ourselves. 6 (occupy) if not with work then with family or our social networks, most of us feel exhausted. A few years ago, I became very interested in what it meant 7 (pause). I started to notice where pauses show up in my own work and life. For example, I realized when I was writing, a short walk was a(n) 8 (effective) way to focus than concentrating harder. The small walk acted as a pause, 9 (enable) me to rest, reflect or refresh, appreciate and break a block in my 10 (creative). I realized that pause is not nothing! A minute eating ice-cream is not the same as a minute doing push-ups. Even time itself isn't a uniform raw material - as the physics of Einstein shows. 【答案】1.or 2. are judged 3.in 4. how 5.a 6.Occupied 7. to pause 8. more effective 9.enabling 10. creativity 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述的是在这个人人都忙的社会适时按下暂停键，可以避免陷入一种我们就像表现不佳的机器一样的模式。 【1题详解】 考查连词。句意:无论是纺棉还是处理数字，规律的、重复的动作都是他们擅长的。whether...or…“无论是..还是...”。故填 or。 【2题详解】 考查谓语。句意:我们适应机器，并遵守它们的标准:判断人的标准是他们反应的速度，而不是他们反应的质量。设空处在句中作谓语，people和judge为被动关系，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为pcoplc，结合主谓一致。故填 arc judged。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意:“永远在线"变成了一件值得骄傲的事情。take pridein 为固定搭配，意为“为..….而自豪”。故填 in。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意:当我问人们过得怎么样时，他们几乎总是回答“忙”。根据后面的回答“busy”得知在问最近的状态，而不是在做什么。How are you doing?意为“你最近怎样?”。故填 how。 【5题详解】 考查冠词。句意:把任务从要做清单上划掉变成了一种定义我们的方式。means 单复数同形。根据“of defining ourselves(定义我们自己)”可知，此处表示一种定义我们的方式。means 为单数，表泛指且以辅音音素开头。故填a。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:如果不是忙于工作，就是忙于家庭或社交网络，我们大多数人都会感到筋疲力尽。设空处在句中为非谓语，与主句主语 most of us为被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填 Occupied. 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:儿年前，我对暂停的含义产生了浓厚的兴趣。介词i后的宾语从句中,i为形式主语。 用 to pause 做真正主语。故填 to pause。 【8题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意:例如，我意识到当我在写作时，短暂的散步是一种比更有效的集中注意力的方法。根据than，可知设空处应用形容词的比较级的形式。故填more effective。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:散步就像一个暂停，让我休息，反思或刷新，欣赏和打破我创造力中的一个障碍。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语之间是逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的现在分词的形式作状语。故填 enabling。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意见上题解析。设空处应用名词作介词的宾语，表示抽象概念为不可数名词。故填 creativity. 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （2023全国甲卷）I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 1. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 2. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book. 3. What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A. Its views on history are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C. It includes comments from readers. D. It leaves an open ending. 4. What does the author think of Weiner’s book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosopical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。 B （2023全国甲卷）Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 5. How do Americans look at grizzlies? A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks. C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture. 6. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A. The European settlers’ behavior. B. The expansion of bears’ range. C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans. 7. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies? A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies. C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers’ advocates. 8. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 【答案】5. A 6. C 7. A 8. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person （2023全国甲卷）Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. ___1___. In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___2___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___3___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● ___4___. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___5___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 【答案】1. G 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。 【1题详解】 根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。 【2题详解】 根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。 【3题详解】 根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。 【4题详解】 根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。 【5题详解】 根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___1___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___2___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___3___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___4___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___5___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___6___ (intend) for everyone. ___7___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___8___ saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___9___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____10_____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】1. to teach 2. sixth 3. as 4. where 5. borrowing 6. intended 7. Different 8. for 9. warning 10. be employed 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 【2题详解】 考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 【7题详解】 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 【10题详解】 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$