精品解析：2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模考试英语试题

普陀区2024学年第一学期高三英语质量调研 英语试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟, 试卷满分115分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂 (选择题) 或写 (非选择题) 在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Has the Great Wall Preserved So Well? The Great Wall, a symbol of ancient civilization, stretches across northern China. Despite its grandeur, ____1____ remains today is only a part of its former self, due to the wear and damage caused by time and nature. However, a recent discovery reveals that nature ____2____ might be playing a crucial role in preserving this historical wonder. Thin layers of bacteria and other organisms, known as biocrusts, have been considered ____3____ (protect) sections of the Great Wall, sheltering it from wind and rain, and other destructive elements. A study published in Science Advances highlights the significant role these “living skins” play in conserving this ancient architectural marvel. ____4____ advances in technology and research, scientists are now exploring the potential of cultivating new biocrusts to prevent further degradation of the Wall. Nichole Barger, an ecologist, praises the study as “innovative and creative”, noting that the protective effects of biocrusts ____5____ (gain) increasing recognition in recent years. It is acknowledged that dryland ecosystems ____6____ (stabilize) and soil erosion (侵蚀) is prevented by these biological layers. ____7____ the more famous sections of the Great Wall are constructed from stones or bricks, other parts were built using packed soil. Yet, the same packed soils can also host biocrusts, ____8____ cover about 12% of the Earth’s land surface, particularly in dry regions like northern China. These biocrusts vary in form, ____9____ (range) from thin bacterial networks to thicker layers of lichen (青苔) . Soil scientist Bo Xiao from the China Agricultural University along with his colleagues, conducted a study to investigate the role of biocrusts in preserving the Great Wall. Their research revealed that biocrusts, primarily _____10_____ (compose) of moss or bacteria, covered more than two-thirds of the Wall’s surface in the areas they examined. By studying the physical properties, they made a significant discovery. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accents B. acquire C. boundaries D. fulfill E. guidelines F. liberally G. precisely H. priority I. prospect J. schedule K. suspect Find Your Life’s Work Everyone has their own life values. You wonder what your vocation is and where you could successfully ___11___ your potential? Here are some tips. ● Turn Passion into Profit Do not ___12___ this statement: find something you like and you won’t have to work a day. There is no better ___13___ than getting good money for your hobby. So, think about what you really like to do even for free. Even if you only love to play online games and taste delicious food, you can go for cooking or tasting, game development or go into e-sports, start a thematic blog—as you can see, there are a lot of options. ● Imagine an Ideal World Another way to understand what is most important to you is to reflect on what an ideal world should look like. Perhaps your purpose is ___14___ to bring the real world closer to this ideal image. Don’t limit yourself to ___15___ . Let go of fantasy and let yourself just dream. Write down any thoughts that come to mind. Pay attention to all the details and ___16___ , and then think about how to translate them into reality. ● Recall Your Best Moments To determine your top ___17___ , think about the moments in which you experienced the greatest joy. What has given you the most satisfaction in the past? Take a little time and remember all the times when you were sincerely glad. So, you will understand what your main ___18___ are at this stage of life. ● Create a Roadmap You’ve identified your goals. Now, develop a detailed plan, like drawing a map from your current life to your desired future. Find the best route from point A to point B. Think about what skills you need to ___19___ and what daily habits are worth adding to your life. The more specific points you put on the map, the easier it will be to ____20____ them and start moving towards your goal. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In Indonesia, researchers recently captured a remarkable behavior on video. A wild ape named Rakus, with a deep wound on his cheek, was seen ___21___ a kind of leaves, chewing them up, and applying them to his injury. Surprisingly, the wound healed without infection. Studies reveal that these plants have medical properties, which likely ___22___ his recovery. Rakus’s actions demonstrate a deep understanding of botany — a knowledge of plants few humans ___23___ today. Although our collective knowledge of plant science grows, individual ___24___ of plants is declining. In modern life, while we still depend on plants for survival, fewer people find it necessary to know much about them ___25___. Most of us rely on botanists to identify and understand plants, trusting their expertise (专门知识) to ensure our wellbeing. However, the number of professional botanists is shrinking, and this ___26___ has raised concerns within the field. The National Center for Education Statistics sounded an early alarm in 2015, noting that the number of botany degrees awarded in the United States had fallen below 400. While that number has since ___27___ slightly, with 489 degrees awarded in 2023, the number of institutions offering botany degrees continues to decline, from 76 in 2002 to 59 in 2023. “Botany PhDs are disappearing,” says Kathryn Parsley, a biologist who focuses on plants but didn’t pursue a botany degree due to limited ___28___. Funding shifts are a primary factor leading to botany’s decline. The National Science Foundation (NSF), ___29___, has moved its funding priorities away from traditional botany, ____30____ applied sciences with economic potential. This ____31____ impacts university funding decisions, leading many schools to reduce or eliminate botany programs. The declining ____32____ in botany is further driven by “plant blindness,” a phenomenon where people ignore plants in their environment, failing to recognize their importance. In the United States and the United Kingdom, as botany professors retire, they are often not ____33____, leaving a gap in plant expertise. This ____34____ could become a pressing issue, particularly in sectors like ecological restoration, where plant identification skills are crucial. While some botanists believe the field is evolving rather than disappearing, the demand for plant knowledge remains critical. Proposed legislation, such as the Botany Bill in the U. S. , seeks to preserve plant expertise. ____35____, the challenge of maintaining essential plant skills persists, highlighting the urgent need to recognize and address the value of botany. 21 A. covering B. absorbing C. harvesting D. skipping 22. A. accounted for B. put off C. took on D. resulted from 23. A. revise B. enhance C. subscribe D. possess 24. A. sampling B. understanding C. occupation D. organization 25. A. personally B. originally C. naturally D. joyfully 26. A. greed B. tradition C. impression D. trend 27. A. endured B. stimulated C. recovered D. discounted 28. A. edition B. availability C. research D. conservation 29. A. for instance B. for sure C. in case D. on the other hand 30. A. channeling B. equipping C. favoring D. blocking 31. A. entry B. combination C. comparison D. shift 32. A. interest B. emergence C. intention D. evidence 33. A. invited B. replaced C. registered D. involved 34. A. launch B. shortage C. motive D. pattern 35. A. Hence B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Nevertheless Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Summerhill This is a story of a modern school — Summerhill. Summerhill began as an experimental school. It is no longer such; it is now a demonstration school, for it demonstrates that freedom works. When my wife and I began the school, we had one main philosophy: to make the school fit the child — instead of making the child fit the school. Obviously, a school that makes active children sit at desks studying mostly useless subjects is a bad school. It is a good school only for those who believe in such a school, for those uncreative citizens who want obedient, uncreative children who will fit into a civilization whose standard of success is fame and fortune. I had taught in ordinary schools for many years. I knew the other way well. I knew it was all wrong. It was wrong because it was based on an adult conception of what a child should be and of how a child should learn. Well, we set out to make a school in which we should allow children freedom to be themselves. In order to do this, we had to abandon all disciplines, all directions, all suggestions, all moral training, and all religious instructions. We have been called brave, but it did not require courage. All it required was what we had — a complete belief in the child as a good, not an evil, being. My view is that a child is born wise and realistic. If left to himself without adult suggestions of any kind, he will develop as far as he is capable of developing. Logically, Summerhill is a place in which people who have the inherent ability and wish to be scholars will be scholars; while those who are only fit to sweep the streets will sweep the streets. But we have not produced a street cleaner so far. Nor do I write this snobbishly (势利的), for I would rather see a school produce a happy street cleaner than an anxious scholar. 36. According to the passage what was the primary idea behind starting Summerhill School? A. To ensure students become happy scholars. B. To focus on moral and religious instructions. C. To make the school adapt to the needs of each child. D. To make children suitable for the existing social system. 37. The founders of Summerhill School believe that children ________. A. need strict discipline to be successful B. are naturally wise and realistic C. should focus primarily on religious education D. are more creative with adult guidance 38. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Summerhill School uses a unique educational approach centered on giving children freedom. B. Summerhill School believes every child has the potential to become a successful scholar. C. Summerhill School rejects strict discipline and focuses on a child-centered environment. D. Summerhill School challenges the traditional model by emphasizing children's independence. 39. Why does the author mention preferring a “happy street cleaner” to an “anxious scholar”? A. To encourage students to avoid becoming worried scholars. B. To emphasize that street cleaners are happier than scholars. C. To highlight the importance of a stress-free and enriching life. D To demonstrate that Summerhill cares less about academic achievements. (B) The following texts explore different perspectives on the topic of reducing work hours. As you read, consider the arguments and evidence presented to understand the complexities of this issue. “Reducing work hours can actually boost productivity. Studies show that employees with a 4-day work week are more focused and efficient. With fewer hours workers spend less time on non-productive activities, experiencing less burnout and higher job satisfaction. The traditional 40-hour work week is outdated; it doesn’t fit with today’s fast-paced work environments or mental health needs. Companies implementing shorter weeks have seen up to a 20% increase in productivity, indicating that quality often surpasses quantity. ” Dr. Maria Thompson, Behavioral Economist “Cutting work hours sounds appealing, but it’s not feasible across all industries. Some sectors, like healthcare and manufacturing, require constant coverage. Reducing hours could lead to staff shortages, increased costs, and a heavier workload for remaining employees. Not every job or person fits into a reduced-hours model. While there may be productivity gains in specific cases, generalizing this approach could harm overall workforce stability and profitability. We must consider both economic realities and the varying needs across industries. ” Professor John Baker, Labor Relations Expert “The debate over shorter work weeks has become a hot topic, with advocates pointing to mental health and productivity benefits, while opponents warn of practical and economic challenges. While the 4-day work week works for some, it may not be a one-size-fits-all solution. A balance between flexible schedules and organizational needs may ultimately offer the best path forward. ” Commentary from Industry Journal Workforce Weekly 40. What is the main argument presented by Dr. Maria Thompson? A. Employees with shorter work weeks are less productive. B. The traditional 40-hour work week is still highly effective. C. Reducing work hours can increase efficiency and job satisfaction. D. Shorter work hours can lead to increased burnout and inefficiency. 41. What concern does Professor John Baker raise about reducing work hours? A. It will decrease productivity across all industries. B. It may lead to higher expenses and staff shortage. C. Employees will be granted too much free time. D. The mental health of employees will worsen. 42. Based on the texts, why might some companies resist adopting a 4-day work week? A. They are concerned it could reduce overall productivity. B. They believe all employees prefer a traditional schedule. C. They feel it unnecessary given current mental health trends. D. They worry it won’t work for industries requiring constant staffing. (C) Art has always occupied a special place in society. Many people consider artists to be the ultimate authorities on the nature and expression of beauty. For much of history, the practice of art was mysterious, and artists were viewed as being somewhat odd and often mad. Even the word most commonly associated with artists — inspiration — has its own magical qualities. Literally, “inspiration” is the breathing in of a spirit. Artists were thought of as people who were uniquely inspired to create. Of course, artists contributed to this mythology (神话) . Many artists credited their talents to the presence of some supernatural power. Whole movements of art have centered on the supposedly otherworldly nature of art. For example, the Romantic poets believed that art was a term that meant an ultimate expression of beauty and truth. The search for this ideal led them to explore both natural and supernatural themes in their works. Another persistent view of art regarded its divorce from logic. Reason and logic were the province of scientists and philosophers, whereas creativity and insight were the area of the artists. The two separate aspects of the mind were supposed to remain distinct. But in 1704, a major breakthrough occurred. Sir Isaac Newton, mathematician and physicist, published his study of light, Opticks. One of Newton’s major discoveries was on the nature of color. Using a prism (棱镜) , Newton found that white light is actually composed of all the colors of the rainbow. He even provided a scientific explanation for the presence of rainbows. The artistic community was shocked. A scientist had taken a beautiful and magical experience and reduced it to the simple refraction of beams of light through the prism of a raindrop. A scientist had ventured into their sacred territory. More than a hundred years later, John Keats, one of the most famous Romantic poets, accused Newton of reducing beauty by “unweaving the rainbow.” His colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that the souls of five hundred Newtons would be needed to make one Shakespeare. And yet, from another perspective, Newton did not reduce the beauty of the rainbow; he enhanced it. In his search to uncover the secrets of the rainbow, Newton demonstrated the wonder, creativity, and inspiration of an artist. He also gave the world another opportunity to experience the sublime (绝妙). Newton’s discovery paved the way for the development of the science of spectroscopy, a way of analyzing the chemical makeup of light. Now scientists can look at the stars and know their composition. The sense of wonder this ability creates is not much different from the wonder the poet or artist feels when staring at those same stars. 43. According to the passage, what was the common view of artists in history? A. Artists were considered logical and rational. B. Artists were seen as inspired and somewhat strange. C. Artists were primarily focused on scientific discovery. D. Artists were thought to be without any supernatural beliefs. 44. How did the Romantic poets react to Newton’s discovery about light and color? A. They believed it added a new dimension to the appreciation of beauty. B. They credited Newton’s insights to mystical influences. C. They were inspired to integrate more scientific themes in their poetry. D. They felt it faded the poetic beauty of natural phenomena. 45. Why does the author mention John Keats’ and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s views on Isaac Newton? A. To emphasize the superior creativity of poets over scientists. B. To highlight the impact of scientific discoveries on artistic perception. C. To state that Shakespeare’s knowledge of beauty was unmatched. D. To show that Romantic poets objected to scientific progress. 46. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. The Artistic Interpretation of Science B. The Contrast between Art and Logics C. The Interplay of Art and Science D. Isaac Newton’s Influence on Arts Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Little Miss Mozart An 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, who lived in Surrey with her parents, was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage. ___47___ Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere. During an interview with NBC’s Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind. ___48___ The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages. ___49___ Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn’t make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody. Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over” when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation’s Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online. ___50___ She said, “I love Mozart very much. He’s probably my favourite composer, but I don’t really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don’t like being called ‘little’. I’m very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring. ” A. However, it is not a comparison that the 11-year-old is particularly keen on. B. Interestingly, it was often during unexpected moments that a beautiful melody suddenly came to her. C. Deutscher’s most ambitious work has enabled the audience to see her talent. D. Instead of the glass slipper of the fairytale, the prince looks for a lost melody he cannot quite remember. E. The work reinvented the Cinderella fairytale to be set in an opera house ruled by a mean stepmother. F. She never got nervous on stage, as she was just happy that people wanted to listen to her music. Ⅲ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Price of Winning Fourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He’s out of the game because he made a mistake. For his coach, that's unacceptable — mistakes don’t win games. But for most teens, the focus on winning isn’t as important. In a recent study, 90% of teenagers said they would rather play and lose than sit on the sidelines and not play at all. For them, sports are about fun, learning, and being part of a team. However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players. Unfortunately, this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. In competitive events, nearly every action a player makes is examined. Parents and coaches constantly shout instructions, sometimes yelling at kids for errors or missed shots. This intense environment doesn’t let kids make their own choices or learn from their mistakes. Instead of enjoying the game, young players feel watched and judged every second. They lose the freedom to explore their abilities and develop naturally as athletes and individuals. The emphasis on winning creates deeper issues, too. Many kids feel anxious because they’re only praised for scoring goals or winning races, not for trying hard or improving. Over time, this focus on results can harm their self-confidence, especially if they’re often benched. They start to believe they’re only valuable if they perform perfectly, which can make sports feel like a burden instead of a joy. Two months later, Angus is back playing baseball — but not on a team. He’s at the park with friends, playing just for fun, and he’s much happier. This raises an important question: How many potential champions will quit sports unless adults change their attitude? For young athletes to thrive, they need support and encouragement, not the pressure to always win. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 接到电话说航班已取消，她立刻出发去了火车站。 (inform) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 53. 别担心淋雨，是时候试试你的新外套是否防雨了。 (time) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 54. 这座几经战乱的城堡俯瞰这座城市，见证了它在过去五百年的兴衰。（overlook）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________________ 55. 这家百年老店吸纳了多国美食烹饪方法，又自成一派，食客可以在舌尖感受异国文化。 (where) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，收到你英国笔友Mike的来信 (内容如下) 。请你给Mike写一封回信，提供建议。你的回信须包含以下内容： (1) 你推荐的博物馆或美术馆，以及其中的某件展品； (2) 你去该场所的经历以及推荐的理由。 Hi Li Ming, I’m going to visit China this summer. I’m particularly interested in exploring some of the museums or galleries you’ve enjoyed. Could you recommend one? Looking forward to your suggestions! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks, Mike 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 普陀区2024学年第一学期高三英语质量调研 英语试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间105分钟, 试卷满分115分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂 (选择题) 或写 (非选择题) 在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Has the Great Wall Preserved So Well? The Great Wall, a symbol of ancient civilization, stretches across northern China. Despite its grandeur, ____1____ remains today is only a part of its former self, due to the wear and damage caused by time and nature. However, a recent discovery reveals that nature ____2____ might be playing a crucial role in preserving this historical wonder. Thin layers of bacteria and other organisms, known as biocrusts, have been considered ____3____ (protect) sections of the Great Wall, sheltering it from wind and rain, and other destructive elements. A study published in Science Advances highlights the significant role these “living skins” play in conserving this ancient architectural marvel. ____4____ advances in technology and research, scientists are now exploring the potential of cultivating new biocrusts to prevent further degradation of the Wall. Nichole Barger, an ecologist, praises the study as “innovative and creative”, noting that the protective effects of biocrusts ____5____ (gain) increasing recognition in recent years. It is acknowledged that dryland ecosystems ____6____ (stabilize) and soil erosion (侵蚀) is prevented by these biological layers. ____7____ the more famous sections of the Great Wall are constructed from stones or bricks, other parts were built using packed soil. Yet, the same packed soils can also host biocrusts, ____8____ cover about 12% of the Earth’s land surface, particularly in dry regions like northern China. These biocrusts vary in form, ____9____ (range) from thin bacterial networks to thicker layers of lichen (青苔) . Soil scientist Bo Xiao from the China Agricultural University, along with his colleagues, conducted a study to investigate the role of biocrusts in preserving the Great Wall. Their research revealed that biocrusts, primarily _____10_____ (compose) of moss or bacteria, covered more than two-thirds of the Wall’s surface in the areas they examined. By studying the physical properties, they made a significant discovery. 【答案】1. what 2. itself 3. to protect##to be protecting 4. With 5. have gained 6. are stabilized 7. While##Though##Although 8. which 9. ranging 10. composed 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了长城为什么保存得这么好的原因。 【1题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：尽管它宏伟壮观，但由于时间和自然造成的磨损和破坏，今天剩下的只是它以前的一部分。该空引导主语从句（____1____ remains today），从句中缺乏主语，意为“……的事物”，用连接代词what。故填what。 【2题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：然而，最近的一项发现表明，自然本身可能在保护这一历史奇迹方面发挥着至关重要的作用。强调“大自然本身”所扮演的角色，用反身代词itself。故填itself。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：被称为生物结皮的薄层细菌和其他生物被认为可以保护长城的部分区域，使其免受风雨和其他破坏性因素的影响。be considered to do sth. (被认为做某事)，protect可用不定式的一般式形式（表示与谓语动词同时发生或紧随其后的动作），或用不定式的进行式形式（表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作）。故填to protect/to be protecting。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：随着技术和研究的进步，科学家们现在正在探索培育新的生物结皮以防止长城进一步退化的潜力。结合句意可知，介词with (随着)符合，首字母大写。故填With。 【5题详解】 考查时态。句意：生态学家Nichole Barger称赞这项研究“具有创新性和创造性”，并指出近年来生物结皮的保护作用得到了越来越多的认可。由时间状语in recent years可知，从句谓语动词gain用现在完成时表过去动作对现在产生的影响，注意主谓一致。故填have gained。 【6题详解】 考查时态和系表结构。句意：人们承认，旱地生态系统是稳定的，这些生物层可以防止水土流失。形容词stabilized (稳定的)，此处为系表结构be stabilized，结合下文谓语is prevented可知，用一般现在时，注意主谓一致。故填are stabilized。 【7题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然长城的著名部分是用石头或砖块建造的，但其他部分是用压实的土壤建造的。前后句让步关系，结合句意，用从属连词while/though/although (尽管)引导让步状语从句，首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：然而，同样的堆积土壤也可能存在生物结皮，生物结皮覆盖了地球约12%的陆地表面，特别是在中国北方等干旱地区。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是biocrusts，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些生物结皮的形式各不相同，从薄的细菌网络到较厚的地衣层。逻辑主语These biocrusts和非谓语动词range是主动关系，range用现在分词形式作状语。故填ranging。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的研究表明，在他们检查的区域，主要由苔藓或细菌组成的生物结皮覆盖了长城表面的三分之二以上。be composed of (由……组成)，用过去分词短语composed of…作名词biocrusts的后置定语。故填composed。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accents B. acquire C. boundaries D. fulfill E. guidelines F. liberally G. precisely H. priority I. prospect J. schedule K. suspect Find Your Life’s Work Everyone has their own life values. You wonder what your vocation is and where you could successfully ___11___ your potential? Here are some tips. ● Turn Passion into Profit Do not ___12___ this statement: find something you like and you won’t have to work a day. There is no better ___13___ than getting good money for your hobby. So, think about what you really like to do even for free. Even if you only love to play online games and taste delicious food, you can go for cooking or tasting, game development or go into e-sports, start a thematic blog—as you can see, there are a lot of options. ● Imagine an Ideal World Another way to understand what is most important to you is to reflect on what an ideal world should look like. Perhaps your purpose is ___14___ to bring the real world closer to this ideal image. Don’t limit yourself to ___15___ . Let go of fantasy and let yourself just dream. Write down any thoughts that come to mind. Pay attention to all the details and ___16___ , and then think about how to translate them into reality. ● Recall Your Best Moments To determine your top ___17___ , think about the moments in which you experienced the greatest joy. What has given you the most satisfaction in the past? Take a little time and remember all the times when you were sincerely glad. So, you will understand what your main ___18___ are at this stage of life. ● Create a Roadmap You’ve identified your goals. Now, develop a detailed plan, like drawing a map from your current life to your desired future. Find the best route from point A to point B. Think about what skills you need to ___19___ and what daily habits are worth adding to your life. The more specific points you put on the map, the easier it will be to ____20____ them and start moving towards your goal. 【答案】11. D 12. K 13. I 14. G 15. C 16. A 17. H 18. E 19. B 20. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了如何找到自己毕生的事业，并给出了一些实用的建议。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：你想知道你的职业是什么，以及你在哪里可以成功地发挥你的潜力？根据句意“发挥潜力”可知，空格处应填动词fulfill作谓语，意为“实现，发挥”，情态动词could后跟动词原形。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：不要怀疑这句话：找到你喜欢的事情，你就一天都不用工作。根据句意“怀疑”可知，空格处应填动词suspect作谓语，在祈使句中用动词原形。故选K项。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：没有什么比从你的爱好中获得好报酬更好的前景了。根据句意“前景”可知，空格处应填名词prospect作主语，结合系词is可知，主语是单数名词或者不可数名词。故选I项。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：也许你的目的就是正是把现实世界带得更接近这个理想形象。根据句意“正是”可知，空格处应填副词precisely修饰动词bring，作状语。故选G项。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：不要把自己限制在界限内。根据句意“界限”可知，空格处应填名词boundary，且为可数名词，表“范围；界限”常用复数形式。故选C项。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：注意所有的细节和口音，然后想想如何把它们变成现实。根据句意“口音”以及后文“translate them into reality”可知，用名词accent作宾语，考虑到在此语境下，accent在广义上也可以理解为某种“特点”或“特色”，且下文中有复数代词them，故此处用复数形式更为贴切。故选A项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：要确定你的首要任务，想想你经历最大快乐的时刻。根据句意“首要任务”可知，空格处应填名词priority作宾语，此处指你的首要任务，应用单数形式。故选H项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：所以，你会明白在这个阶段的生活中你的主要准则是什么。根据句意“准则”可知，空格处应填名词guideline作从句主语，可数名词，结合系动词are可知，主语复数名词。故选E项。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：想想你需要获得什么技能，以及什么日常习惯值得添加到你的生活中。根据句意“获得”可知，空格处应填动词acquire，且need to do sth.为固定短语，用原形构成不定式作宾语。故选B项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：你在地图上标注的点越具体，就越容易把它们列入日程并开始朝着你的目标前进。根据句意“列入日程”可知，空格处应填动词schedule，用原形构成不定式短语。故选J项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In Indonesia, researchers recently captured a remarkable behavior on video. A wild ape named Rakus, with a deep wound on his cheek, was seen ___21___ a kind of leaves, chewing them up, and applying them to his injury. Surprisingly, the wound healed without infection. Studies reveal that these plants have medical properties, which likely ___22___ his recovery. Rakus’s actions demonstrate a deep understanding of botany — a knowledge of plants few humans ___23___ today. Although our collective knowledge of plant science grows, individual ___24___ of plants is declining. In modern life, while we still depend on plants for survival, fewer people find it necessary to know much about them ___25___. Most of us rely on botanists to identify and understand plants, trusting their expertise (专门知识) to ensure our wellbeing. However, the number of professional botanists is shrinking, and this ___26___ has raised concerns within the field. The National Center for Education Statistics sounded an early alarm in 2015, noting that the number of botany degrees awarded in the United States had fallen below 400. While that number has since ___27___ slightly, with 489 degrees awarded in 2023, the number of institutions offering botany degrees continues to decline, from 76 in 2002 to 59 in 2023. “Botany PhDs are disappearing,” says Kathryn Parsley, a biologist who focuses on plants but didn’t pursue a botany degree due to limited ___28___. Funding shifts are a primary factor leading to botany’s decline. The National Science Foundation (NSF), ___29___, has moved its funding priorities away from traditional botany, ____30____ applied sciences with economic potential. This ____31____ impacts university funding decisions, leading many schools to reduce or eliminate botany programs. The declining ____32____ in botany is further driven by “plant blindness,” a phenomenon where people ignore plants in their environment, failing to recognize their importance. In the United States and the United Kingdom, as botany professors retire, they are often not ____33____, leaving a gap in plant expertise. This ____34____ could become a pressing issue, particularly in sectors like ecological restoration, where plant identification skills are crucial. While some botanists believe the field is evolving rather than disappearing, the demand for plant knowledge remains critical. Proposed legislation, such as the Botany Bill in the U. S. , seeks to preserve plant expertise. ____35____, the challenge of maintaining essential plant skills persists, highlighting the urgent need to recognize and address the value of botany. 21. A. covering B. absorbing C. harvesting D. skipping 22. A. accounted for B. put off C. took on D. resulted from 23. A. revise B. enhance C. subscribe D. possess 24. A. sampling B. understanding C. occupation D. organization 25. A. personally B. originally C. naturally D. joyfully 26. A. greed B. tradition C. impression D. trend 27. A. endured B. stimulated C. recovered D. discounted 28. A. edition B. availability C. research D. conservation 29. A. for instance B. for sure C. in case D. on the other hand 30. A. channeling B. equipping C. favoring D. blocking 31. A. entry B. combination C. comparison D. shift 32. A. interest B. emergence C. intention D. evidence 33. A. invited B. replaced C. registered D. involved 34. A. launch B. shortage C. motive D. pattern 35. A. Hence B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Nevertheless 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了当今对植物学有深刻了解的人甚少，专业植物学家的数量正在减少并说明了原因，并且呼吁人们了解植物学并保持植物技能。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一只名叫Rakus的野生猿，脸颊上有一个很深的伤口，被看到正在收割一种叶子，咀嚼它们，然后把它们敷在他的伤口上。A. covering覆盖；B. absorbing吸收；C. harvesting收割，收获；D. skipping跳跃。根据后文“a kind of leaves, chewing them up, and applying them to his injury”可知，先收割这种叶子，才能咀嚼叶子并敷到伤口上。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：研究表明这些植物有医疗特性，这可能是他康复的原因。A. accounted for解释；B. put off推迟；C. took on呈现；D. resulted from由于；根据前文“Studies reveal that these plants have medical properties”可知，研究表明这些植物有医疗特性，说明这可能是解释他康复的原因。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rakus的行为表明了他对植物学的深刻理解——一种当今很少有人拥有的植物知识。A. revise修订；B. enhance提高；C. subscribe订阅；D. possess拥有。根据后文“Although our collective knowledge of plant science grows, individual ___4___ of plants is declining.”可知，尽管我们对植物科学的集体知识在增长，但个人对植物的了解却在下降。说明Rakus有一种当今很少有人拥有的植物知识。故选D项。 24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们对植物科学的集体知识在增长，但个人对植物的了解却在下降。A. sampling取样；B. understanding了解，理解；C. occupation职业；D. organization组织。根据后文“In modern life, while we still depend on plants for survival, fewer people find it necessary to know much about them”可知，在现代生活中，虽然我们仍然依赖植物生存，但很少有人觉得有必要了解它们很多，说明个人对植物的了解在下降。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在现代生活中，虽然我们仍然依赖植物生存，但很少有人觉得有必要亲自了解它们。A. personally亲自；B. originally最初地；C. naturally自然地；D. joyfully高兴地。根据后文“Most of us rely on botanists to identify and understand plants, trusting their expertise (专门知识) to ensure our wellbeing.”可知，我们大多数人依靠植物学家来识别和了解植物，相信他们的专业知识可以确保我们的健康，说明很少有人觉得有必要亲自了解它们。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，专业植物学家的数量正在减少，这一趋势引起了该领域的关注。A. greed贪婪；B. tradition传统；C. impression印象；D. trend趋势。根据前文“the number of professional botanists is shrinking”可知专业植物学家的数量正在减少，说明这是一种趋势。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然这个数字后来略有回升，到2023年授予了489个学位，但提供植物学学位的机构数量继续下降，从2002年的76个减少到2023年的59个。A. endured忍耐；B. stimulated刺激；C. recovered恢复；D. discounted打折。根据前文“the number of botany degrees awarded in the United States had fallen below 400”和后文“with 489 degrees awarded in 2023”可知，美国授予植物学学位的人数已降至400人以下，到2023年授予了489个学位，说明授予植物学学位的人数后来略有回升。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“植物学博士正在消失，” Kathryn Parsley说，她是一位专注于植物研究的生物学家，但由于机会有限，她没有攻读植物学学位。A. edition版本；B. availability可用性，可得性；C. research研究；D. conservation保护。根据前文“a biologist who focuses on plants but didn’t pursue a botany degree”可知，她是一位专注于植物研究的生物学家，没有攻读植物学学位是因为可得到的机会有限。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，美国国家科学基金会已将其资助重点，从传统植物学移除出来，支持具有经济潜力的应用科学。A. for instance例如；B. for sure肯定地；C. in case以防万一；D. on the other hand另一方面。根据前文“Funding shifts are a primary factor leading to botany’s decline. The National Science Foundation (NSF)”和后文“has moved its funding priorities away from traditional botany, ___10___ applied sciences with economic potential”可知资金转移是导致植物学衰落的主要因素，说明此处在举一个例子解释说明植物学衰落的原因，故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. channeling引导；B. equipping配备；C. favoring支持；D. blocking阻碍。根据前文“Funding shifts are a primary factor leading to botany’s decline. The National Science Foundation (NSF), ___9___, has moved its funding priorities away from traditional botany,”和后文“applied sciences with economic potential”可知，美国国家科学基金会已将其资助重点从传统植物学转移到具有经济潜力的应用科学上，说明美国国家科学基金会支持具有经济潜力的应用科学。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种转变影响了大学的资金决策，导致许多学校减少或取消植物学课程。A. entry进入；B. combination结合；C. comparison比较；D. shift转变。根据前文“The National Science Foundation (NSF), ___9___, has moved its funding priorities away from traditional botany, ___10___ applied sciences with economic potential.”可知，美国国家科学基金会已将其资助重点从传统植物学转移到具有经济潜力的应用科学上，由此推知，这是一种转变。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们对植物学兴趣的下降进一步受到“植物盲目性”的影响，这种现象是指人们忽视环境中的植物，未能认识到它们的重要性。A. interest兴趣；B. emergence紧急情况；C. intention目的，意图；D. evidence证据。根据前文“The National Center for Education Statistics sounded an early alarm in 2015, noting that the number of botany degrees awarded in the United States had fallen below 400.”可知美国国家教育统计中心早在2015年就敲响了警钟，指出美国授予植物学学位的人数已降至400人以下，由此推知，“植物盲”进一步推动了人们对植物学兴趣的下降。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国和英国，当植物学教授退休时，他们往往没有人接替，留下了植物专业知识的空白。A. invited邀请；B. replaced取代，接替；C. registered注册；D. involved参与。根据后文“leaving a gap in plant expertise”可知没有人接替退休的植物学教授，留下了植物专业知识的空白。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种短缺可能成为一个紧迫的问题，特别是在生态恢复等领域，植物识别技能至关重要。A. launch发射，上市；B. shortage短缺；C. motive动机；D. pattern模式。根据前文“In the United States and the United Kingdom, as botany professors retire, they are often not ___13___, leaving a gap in plant expertise.”可知在美国和英国，当植物学教授退休时，他们往往没有人接替，留下了植物专业知识的空白，由此推知，这是一种短缺。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，保持基本植物技能的挑战仍然存在，这突出了认识和解决植物学价值的迫切需要。A. Hence因此；B. Moreover此外；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Nevertheless然而。根据前文“Proposed legislation, such as the Botany Bill in the U. S. , seeks to preserve plant expertise.”和后文“the challenge of maintaining essential plant skills persists, highlighting the urgent need to recognize and address the value of botany.”构成转折关系可知，此处应用表示转折的副词nevertheless“然而”。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Summerhill This is a story of a modern school — Summerhill. Summerhill began as an experimental school. It is no longer such; it is now a demonstration school, for it demonstrates that freedom works. When my wife and I began the school, we had one main philosophy: to make the school fit the child — instead of making the child fit the school. Obviously, a school that makes active children sit at desks studying mostly useless subjects is a bad school. It is a good school only for those who believe in such a school, for those uncreative citizens who want obedient, uncreative children who will fit into a civilization whose standard of success is fame and fortune. I had taught in ordinary schools for many years. I knew the other way well. I knew it was all wrong. It was wrong because it was based on an adult conception of what a child should be and of how a child should learn. Well, we set out to make a school in which we should allow children freedom to be themselves. In order to do this, we had to abandon all disciplines, all directions, all suggestions, all moral training, and all religious instructions. We have been called brave, but it did not require courage. All it required was what we had — a complete belief in the child as a good, not an evil, being. My view is that a child is born wise and realistic. If left to himself without adult suggestions of any kind, he will develop as far as he is capable of developing. Logically, Summerhill is a place in which people who have the inherent ability and wish to be scholars will be scholars; while those who are only fit to sweep the streets will sweep the streets. But we have not produced a street cleaner so far. Nor do I write this snobbishly (势利的), for I would rather see a school produce a happy street cleaner than an anxious scholar. 36. According to the passage, what was the primary idea behind starting Summerhill School? A. To ensure students become happy scholars. B. To focus on moral and religious instructions. C. To make the school adapt to the needs of each child. D. To make children suitable for the existing social system. 37. The founders of Summerhill School believe that children ________. A. need strict discipline to be successful B. are naturally wise and realistic C. should focus primarily on religious education D. are more creative with adult guidance 38. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Summerhill School uses a unique educational approach centered on giving children freedom. B Summerhill School believes every child has the potential to become a successful scholar. C. Summerhill School rejects strict discipline and focuses on a child-centered environment. D. Summerhill School challenges the traditional model by emphasizing children's independence. 39. Why does the author mention preferring a “happy street cleaner” to an “anxious scholar”? A To encourage students to avoid becoming worried scholars. B. To emphasize that street cleaners are happier than scholars. C. To highlight the importance of a stress-free and enriching life. D. To demonstrate that Summerhill cares less about academic achievements. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. A 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Summerhill (夏山学校)的办学理念和实践。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段中“When my wife and I began the school, we had one main philosophy: to make the school fit the child — instead of making the child fit the school. (当我和妻子创办这所学校时，我们有一个主要的理念：让学校适合孩子——而不是让孩子适合学校)”可知，创办Summerhill的主要理念是让学校适应每个孩子的需求。故选C项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。由最后一段中“My view is that a child is born wise and realistic. (我的观点是，孩子天生聪明、现实)”可知，Summerhill的创始人认为孩子们天生聪明而现实。故选B项。 【38题详解】 主旨大意题。由第一段“This is a story of a modern school — Summerhill. Summerhill began as an experimental school. It is no longer such; it is now a demonstration school, for it demonstrates that freedom works. When my wife and I began the school, we had one main philosophy: to make the school fit the child — instead of making the child fit the school. (这是一个关于Summerhill现代学校的故事。Summerhill最初是一所实验学校。现在已经不是这样了；它现在是一所示范学校，因为它证明了自由是有效的。当我和妻子创办这所学校时，我们有一个主要的理念：让学校适合孩子——而不是让孩子适合学校)”，第四段中“Well, we set out to make a school in which we should allow children freedom to be themselves. (好吧，我们着手建立一所学校，让孩子们自由地做自己)”及全文内容可知，这篇文章介绍了Summerhill (夏山学校)的办学理念和实践，夏山学校采用一种独特的教育方法，以给孩子们自由为中心，培养孩子。故选A项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段中“Logically, Summerhill is a place in which people who have the inherent ability and wish to be scholars will be scholars; while those who are only fit to sweep the streets will sweep the streets. But we have not produced a street cleaner so far. Nor do I write this snobbishly (势利的), for I would rather see a school produce a happy street cleaner than an anxious scholar. (逻辑上讲，Summerhill是一个这样的地方：那些具有成为学者的内在能力和愿望的人会成为学者；而那些只适合清扫街道的人则会去清扫街道。但迄今为止，我们还没有培养出一个街道清洁工。我写这些并不是出于势利，因为我宁愿看到学校培养出一个快乐的街道清洁工，也不愿看到它造就一个焦虑的学者)”和结合Summerhill以自由为中心的办学理念可知，作者提到更喜欢一个“快乐的街道清洁工”而不是一个“焦虑的学者”，是为了强调无压力和丰富生活的重要性，而不是单纯的学术成就。故选C项。 (B) The following texts explore different perspectives on the topic of reducing work hours. As you read, consider the arguments and evidence presented to understand the complexities of this issue. “Reducing work hours can actually boost productivity. Studies show that employees with a 4-day work week are more focused and efficient. With fewer hours, workers spend less time on non-productive activities, experiencing less burnout and higher job satisfaction. The traditional 40-hour work week is outdated; it doesn’t fit with today’s fast-paced work environments or mental health needs. Companies implementing shorter weeks have seen up to a 20% increase in productivity, indicating that quality often surpasses quantity. ” Dr. Maria Thompson, Behavioral Economist “Cutting work hours sounds appealing, but it’s not feasible across all industries. Some sectors, like healthcare and manufacturing, require constant coverage. Reducing hours could lead to staff shortages, increased costs, and a heavier workload for remaining employees. Not every job or person fits into a reduced-hours model. While there may be productivity gains in specific cases, generalizing this approach could harm overall workforce stability and profitability. We must consider both economic realities and the varying needs across industries. ” Professor John Baker, Labor Relations Expert “The debate over shorter work weeks has become a hot topic, with advocates pointing to mental health and productivity benefits, while opponents warn of practical and economic challenges. While the 4-day work week works for some, it may not be a one-size-fits-all solution. A balance between flexible schedules and organizational needs may ultimately offer the best path forward. ” Commentary from Industry Journal Workforce Weekly 40. What is the main argument presented by Dr. Maria Thompson? A. Employees with shorter work weeks are less productive. B. The traditional 40-hour work week is still highly effective. C. Reducing work hours can increase efficiency and job satisfaction. D. Shorter work hours can lead to increased burnout and inefficiency. 41. What concern does Professor John Baker raise about reducing work hours? A. It will decrease productivity across all industries. B. It may lead to higher expenses and staff shortage. C. Employees will be granted too much free time. D. The mental health of employees will worsen. 42. Based on the texts, why might some companies resist adopting a 4-day work week? A. They are concerned it could reduce overall productivity. B. They believe all employees prefer a traditional schedule. C. They feel it unnecessary given current mental health trends. D. They worry it won’t work for industries requiring constant staffing. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了减少工作时间这一主题的各种不同观点。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一部分Dr. Maria Thompson, Behavioral Economist的观点中“Reducing work hours can actually boost productivity. Studies show that employees with a 4-day work week are more focused and efficient. With fewer hours, workers spend less time on non-productive activities, experiencing less burnout and higher job satisfaction. (减少工作时间实际上可以提高工作效率。研究表明，每周工作4天的员工更专注，效率更高。工作时间越少，员工花在非生产性活动上的时间就越少，工作倦怠感就越少，工作满意度也就越高)”可知，玛丽亚·汤普森博士提出的主要论点是减少工作时间可以提高效率和工作满意度。故选C项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二部分Professor John Baker, Labor Relations Expert的观点中“Some sectors, like healthcare and manufacturing, require constant coverage. Reducing hours could lead to staff shortages, increased costs, and a heavier workload for remaining employees.(一些行业，如医疗保健和制造业，需要持续的工作方式。减少工作时间可能会导致员工短缺，增加成本，并增加剩余员工的工作量)”及“While there may be productivity gains in specific cases, generalizing this approach could harm overall workforce stability and profitability. We must consider both economic realities and the varying needs across industries.(虽然在特定情况下可能会有生产力的提升，但将这种方法普遍化可能会损害整体劳动力的稳定性和盈利能力。我们必须考虑到经济现实以及各行业不同的需求)”可知，约翰·贝克教授认为减少工作时间可能会导致更高的费用和人员短缺。故选B项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二部分Professor John Baker, Labor Relations Expert的观点中“Cutting work hours sounds appealing, but it's not feasible across all industries. Some sectors, like healthcare and manufacturing, require constant coverage. (减少工作时间听起来很有吸引力，但并不是在所有行业都可行。一些行业，如医疗保健和制造业，需要持续的工作方式)”和“Not every job or person fits into a reduced-hours model. While there may be productivity gains in specific cases, generalizing this approach could harm overall workforce stability and profitability.(不是每个工作或每个人都适合减少工作时间的模式。虽然在特定情况下可能会有生产力的提升，但将这种方法普遍化可能会损害整体劳动力的稳定性和盈利能力)”可知，有些公司会拒绝采用一周工作4天(减少工作时间的模式)，因为他们担心这种方法不适合需要持续人员配置的行业。故选D项。 (C) Art has always occupied a special place in society. Many people consider artists to be the ultimate authorities on the nature and expression of beauty. For much of history, the practice of art was mysterious, and artists were viewed as being somewhat odd and often mad. Even the word most commonly associated with artists — inspiration — has its own magical qualities. Literally, “inspiration” is the breathing in of a spirit. Artists were thought of as people who were uniquely inspired to create. Of course, artists contributed to this mythology (神话) . Many artists credited their talents to the presence of some supernatural power. Whole movements of art have centered on the supposedly otherworldly nature of art. For example, the Romantic poets believed that art was a term that meant an ultimate expression of beauty and truth. The search for this ideal led them to explore both natural and supernatural themes in their works. Another persistent view of art regarded its divorce from logic. Reason and logic were the province of scientists and philosophers, whereas creativity and insight were the area of the artists. The two separate aspects of the mind were supposed to remain distinct. But in 1704, a major breakthrough occurred. Sir Isaac Newton, mathematician and physicist, published his study of light, Opticks. One of Newton’s major discoveries was on the nature of color. Using a prism (棱镜) , Newton found that white light is actually composed of all the colors of the rainbow. He even provided a scientific explanation for the presence of rainbows. The artistic community was shocked. A scientist had taken a beautiful and magical experience and reduced it to the simple refraction of beams of light through the prism of a raindrop. A scientist had ventured into their sacred territory. More than a hundred years later, John Keats, one of the most famous Romantic poets, accused Newton of reducing beauty by “unweaving the rainbow.” His colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that the souls of five hundred Newtons would be needed to make one Shakespeare. And yet, from another perspective, Newton did not reduce the beauty of the rainbow; he enhanced it. In his search to uncover the secrets of the rainbow, Newton demonstrated the wonder, creativity, and inspiration of an artist. He also gave the world another opportunity to experience the sublime (绝妙). Newton’s discovery paved the way for the development of the science of spectroscopy, a way of analyzing the chemical makeup of light. Now scientists can look at the stars and know their composition. The sense of wonder this ability creates is not much different from the wonder the poet or artist feels when staring at those same stars. 43. According to the passage, what was the common view of artists in history? A. Artists were considered logical and rational. B. Artists were seen as inspired and somewhat strange. C. Artists were primarily focused on scientific discovery. D. Artists were thought to be without any supernatural beliefs. 44. How did the Romantic poets react to Newton’s discovery about light and color? A. They believed it added a new dimension to the appreciation of beauty. B. They credited Newton’s insights to mystical influences. C. They were inspired to integrate more scientific themes in their poetry. D. They felt it faded the poetic beauty of natural phenomena. 45. Why does the author mention John Keats’ and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s views on Isaac Newton? A. To emphasize the superior creativity of poets over scientists. B. To highlight the impact of scientific discoveries on artistic perception. C. To state that Shakespeare’s knowledge of beauty was unmatched. D. To show that Romantic poets objected to scientific progress. 46. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. The Artistic Interpretation of Science B. The Contrast between Art and Logics C. The Interplay of Art and Science D. Isaac Newton’s Influence on Arts 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. B 46. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要探讨了艺术与科学的相互作用，即艺术在社会中的特殊地位，以及科学发现对艺术家的影响。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“For much of history, the practice of art was mysterious, and artists were viewed as being somewhat odd and often mad. Even the word most commonly associated with artists — inspiration — has its own magical qualities. Literally, “inspiration” is the breathing in of a spirit. Artists were thought of as people who were uniquely inspired to create.(在历史上的大部分时间里，艺术实践都是神秘的，艺术家们被视为有些古怪，而且常常是疯狂的。甚至最常与艺术家联系在一起的词——灵感——也有其神奇的特质。从字面上看，“灵感”是一种精神的呼吸。艺术家被认为是具有独特启发而进行创作的人)”可知，历史上对艺术家的普遍看法是艺术家被认为是有灵感的，而且有点奇怪。故选B项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“More than a hundred years later, John Keats, one of the most famous Romantic poets, accused Newton of reducing beauty by “unweaving the rainbow.” His colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that the souls of five hundred Newtons would be needed to make one Shakespeare. (一百多年后，著名浪漫主义诗人约翰·济慈指责牛顿通过“拆解彩虹”而减少了美的存在。他的同事塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治也曾有名言称，需要五百个牛顿的灵魂才能造就一个莎士比亚)”可知，浪漫主义诗人对牛顿关于光和颜色的发现作出反应，他们觉得它淡化了自然现象的诗意美。故选D项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“More than a hundred years later, John Keats, one of the most famous Romantic poets, accused Newton of reducing beauty by “unweaving the rainbow.” His colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that the souls of five hundred Newtons would be needed to make one Shakespeare. And yet, from another perspective, Newton did not reduce the beauty of the rainbow; he enhanced it. In his search to uncover the secrets of the rainbow, Newton demonstrated the wonder, creativity, and inspiration of an artist.(一百多年后，著名浪漫主义诗人约翰·济慈指责牛顿通过“拆解彩虹”而减少了美的存在。他的同事塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治也曾有名言称，需要五百个牛顿的灵魂才能造就一个莎士比亚。然而，从另一个角度来看，牛顿并没有减少彩虹的美丽；他反而增强了它。在探寻彩虹秘密的过程中，牛顿展现了艺术家般的奇妙、创造力和灵感)”可知，作者提到约翰·济慈和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治对艾萨克·牛顿的看法，来强调科学发现对艺术感知的影响。故选B项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段中“Newton’s discovery paved the way for the development of the science of spectroscopy, a way of analyzing the chemical makeup of light. Now scientists can look at the stars and know their composition. The sense of wonder this ability creates is not much different from the wonder the poet or artist feels when staring at those same stars.(牛顿的发现为光谱学的发展铺平了道路，光谱学是一种分析光的化学组成的方法。现在科学家可以观察星星并知道它们的组成。这种能力所产生的惊奇感与诗人或艺术家凝视同样的星星时所感受到的惊奇感并无太大区别)”可知，整篇文章探讨了艺术与科学之间的关系，尤其是科学发现如何影响了艺术家对自然现象的理解。文章既提到了艺术家对科学的抵触情绪，也提到了科学如何揭示了自然界的美，艺术与科学的相互作用，科学与艺术相互融合、相互影响。因此本篇文章最好的标题是C项“艺术与科学的相互作用”。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Little Miss Mozart An 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, who lived in Surrey with her parents, was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage. ___47___ Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere. During an interview with NBC’s Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind. ___48___ The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages. ___49___ Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn’t make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody. Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over” when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation’s Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online. ___50___ She said, “I love Mozart very much. He’s probably my favourite composer, but I don’t really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don’t like being called ‘little’. I’m very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring. ” A. However, it is not a comparison that the 11-year-old is particularly keen on. B. Interestingly, it was often during unexpected moments that a beautiful melody suddenly came to her. C. Deutscher’s most ambitious work has enabled the audience to see her talent. D. Instead of the glass slipper of the fairytale, the prince looks for a lost melody he cannot quite remember. E. The work reinvented the Cinderella fairytale to be set in an opera house ruled by a mean stepmother. F. She never got nervous on stage, as she was just happy that people wanted to listen to her music. 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. D 50. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了一位11岁的英国作曲家阿尔玛·多伊彻因为其音乐天赋被人称为“小莫扎特”。 【47题详解】 根据后文“Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere.(灰姑娘是一位作曲家，多伊彻形容她“有点像我”。多伊彻说，《灰姑娘》和其他作品背后的很多音乐灵感都是在她心不在焉的时候产生的)”可知，本句主要介绍这部作品的信息，结合后文提到了灰姑娘，可知作品与灰姑娘有关。故E选项“这部作品改编了灰姑娘的童话故事，故事发生在一个由刻薄的继母统治的歌剧院里”符合语境，故选E。 【48题详解】 根据上文“During an interview with NBC’s Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind.(在接受美国全国广播公司《今日秀》采访时，她解释说，试图随心所欲地创作优美的旋律往往会导致大脑一片空白)”可知，上文提到她试图随心所欲地创作优美的旋律，本句为本段最后一句，主要说明她是如何创作这些旋律的。故B选项“有趣的是，她经常在意想不到的时刻突然听到优美的旋律”符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据上文“The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages.(歌剧全长两个半小时，乐谱长达237页)”以及后文“Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn’t make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody.(多伊彻说，王子不得不问谁的脚适合这只鞋，这没有多大意义。很多人可能都有同样大小的脚，但只有一个人能写出那样的旋律)”可知，后文提到王子询问鞋子的主人没有意义，推测本句是在说明王子真正寻找的事物是旋律。故D选项“王子找的不是童话里的水晶鞋，而是一段他不太记得的旋律”符合语境，故选D。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over” when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation’s Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online.(指挥家西蒙·拉特尔宣称，当他第一次看到她的表演时，他“完全被震撼了”，但斯蒂芬·弗莱在网上观看了她的表演视频后，第一个预测道，多伊彻可能成为这一代人的莫扎特)”以及后文“She said, “I love Mozart very much. He’s probably my favourite composer, but I don’t really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don’t like being called ‘little’. I’m very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring. ”(她说：“我非常喜欢莫扎特。他可能是我最喜欢的作曲家，但我真的不喜欢别人叫我‘小莫扎特小姐’，因为我不喜欢别人叫我‘小’。我块头很大，其次，如果我把莫扎特写的所有东西都重写一遍，那就太无聊了。”)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出这个孩子并不喜欢别人把她和莫扎特进行比较。故A选项“然而，这个11岁的孩子并不是特别喜欢这样的比较”符合语境，故选A。 Ⅲ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Price of Winning Fourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He’s out of the game because he made a mistake. For his coach, that's unacceptable — mistakes don’t win games. But for most teens, the focus on winning isn’t as important. In a recent study, 90% of teenagers said they would rather play and lose than sit on the sidelines and not play at all. For them, sports are about fun, learning, and being part of a team. However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players. Unfortunately this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. In competitive events, nearly every action a player makes is examined. Parents and coaches constantly shout instructions, sometimes yelling at kids for errors or missed shots. This intense environment doesn’t let kids make their own choices or learn from their mistakes. Instead of enjoying the game, young players feel watched and judged every second. They lose the freedom to explore their abilities and develop naturally as athletes and individuals. The emphasis on winning creates deeper issues, too. Many kids feel anxious because they’re only praised for scoring goals or winning races, not for trying hard or improving. Over time, this focus on results can harm their self-confidence, especially if they’re often benched. They start to believe they’re only valuable if they perform perfectly, which can make sports feel like a burden instead of a joy. Two months later, Angus is back playing baseball — but not on a team. He’s at the park with friends, playing just for fun, and he’s much happier. This raises an important question: How many potential champions will quit sports unless adults change their attitude? For young athletes to thrive, they need support and encouragement, not the pressure to always win. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In competitive events, young players are always expected perfection by their coaches and parents, which has a negative impact on teenagers. Not only does it cause that teenagers prefer to sit on the sidelines instead of taking a positive in the events, but also the focus on results can also make them feel frustrated. If adults change their attitude, young athletes will build up confidence and inspire potential. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述棒球选手安格斯因为被过度要求获胜，而产生巨大的心理压力，因此导致球场失误，被罚下场的故事，讲述了盲目追求获胜的弊端：过早离开有组织的体育运动，引起自身焦虑。强调运动过程中，运动员需要更多的支持和鼓励，才能避免焦虑，提升自信，进而自由地探索自己的能力，更加享受运动带来的乐趣，激发出自己的潜力。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players. ②Unfortunately, this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. ③The emphasis on winning creates deeper issues, too. ④For young athletes to thrive, they need support and encouragement, not the pressure to always win. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点作为背景描述，引出当前常见的一种现象：过度强调胜利，将第2、3要点进行整合，分别说明强调胜利的代价，最后提出解决问题的方法。 3.遣词造句 Young players are always expected perfection. It causes that teenagers prefer to sit on the sidelines and not play at all. The focus on results can also make them feel frustrated. If adults change their attitude, young athletes will build up confidence and inspire potential. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 In competitive events, young players are always expected perfection by their coaches and parents, which have a negative impact on teenagers. 主句使用被动语态的句式引出由当前的一种社会现象，使用which引导的非限制性定语从句，阐明这一现象带来的弊端，通过主从复合句的形式，将句式进行升级。 【高分句型2】Not only did it cause that teenagers preferred to sit on the sidelines and not play at all instead of taking a positive in the events, but also the focus on results can also make them feel frustrated.使用Not only…but also 连接两个并列句，同时将否定词not only置于句首，形成一个倒装结构，进一步描述过度关注胜利带来弊端，使得句式表达多样化。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 接到电话说航班已取消，她立刻出发去了火车站。 (inform) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Informed on the phone that the flight had been cancelled, she set out for the train station immediately. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、非谓语动词、宾语从句和时态。“她立刻出发去了火车站”是句子主干，主语“她”用人称代词she，谓语“出发去”用动词短语set out for，描述过去的事情用一般过去时态，宾语“火车站”用the train station；时间状语“立刻”用副词immediately，“接到电话说”可理解为“在电话上被告知”，作状语，用过去分词短语informed on the phone表示，过去分词与其逻辑主语she构成被动关系，“航班已取消”处理为that引导的宾语从句，that在从句中无实义，不充当句子成分，从句主语“航班”用the flight，“取消”用动词cancel，“取消”的动作发生在“出发去了火车站”之前，用过去完成时态，且cancel与主语the flight为被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。句首单词首字母大写。综上，全句译为：Informed on the phone that the flight had been cancelled, she set out for the train station immediately. 53. 别担心淋雨，是时候试试你的新外套是否防雨了。 (time) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Don’t worry about getting wet in the rain; it’s time to test whether your new coat is waterproof.   【解析】 【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。用一般现在时说明现在的一种情况，“别担心淋雨”用否定祈使句表达，worry about (担心)后接动名词形式作宾语，get wet in the rain (淋雨)，it’s time to do sth. (是时候做某事了)，test (测试)后接whether (是否)引导的宾语从句，your new coat (你的新外套)，waterproof (防水的)，宾语从句主系表结构，故翻译为：Don’t worry about getting wet in the rain; it’s time to test whether your new coat is waterproof. 54. 这座几经战乱的城堡俯瞰这座城市，见证了它在过去五百年的兴衰。（overlook）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This castle, which has undergone numerous wars, overlooks the city and has witnessed its rise and fall over the past five hundred years. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句，时态和主谓一致。“这座城堡”是this castle，“几经战乱的”用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰this castle，“几经战乱”是undergo numerous wars，句子用现在完成时表示已经完成的动作，主语this castle是单数，因此助动词用has，undergo的过去分词是undergone，“俯瞰”是overlook，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语This castle是单数，overlook用第三人称单数，“这座城市”是the city，“见证”是witness，由“在过去五百年”可知，用现在完成时表已经完成的动作，主语This castle是单数，因此助动词用has，“它的兴衰”是its rise and fall，“在过去五百年”是over the past five hundred years，因此整句话翻译为“This castle, which has undergone numerous wars, overlooks the city and has witnessed its rise and fall over the past five hundred years”。故答案为This castle, which has undergone numerous wars, overlooks the city and has witnessed its rise and fall over the past five hundred years. 55. 这家百年老店吸纳了多国美食烹饪方法，又自成一派，食客可以在舌尖感受异国文化。 (where) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This century-old restaurant has absorbed the cooking methods of many countries and developed its own style, where diners can experience exotic cultures on their taste buds. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。this century-old restaurant (这家百年老店)，并列谓语动词absorb (吸纳)和develop (发展)用现在完成时表过去的动作对现在产生的影响，the cooking methods of many countries (多国美食烹饪方法)，its own style (它自己的风格)，“食客可以在舌尖感受异国文化”用非限制性定语从句表达，先行词是this century-old restaurant，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，复数名词diners (食客)，can experience (可以体验)，形容词exotic (异国的)作定语修饰名词cultures (文化)，on their taste buds (在他们的舌尖上)，故翻译为：This century-old restaurant has absorbed the cooking methods of many countries and developed its own style, where diners can experience exotic cultures on their taste buds. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，收到你英国笔友Mike的来信 (内容如下) 。请你给Mike写一封回信，提供建议。你的回信须包含以下内容： (1) 你推荐的博物馆或美术馆，以及其中的某件展品； (2) 你去该场所的经历以及推荐的理由。 Hi Li Ming, I’m going to visit China this summer. I’m particularly interested in exploring some of the museums or galleries you’ve enjoyed. Could you recommend one? Looking forward to your suggestions! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks, Mike 【答案】Dear Mike, I’m happy to learn that you’ll be visiting China this summer. Among many wonderful museums and galleries here, I highly recommend the National Museum of China. One of its most captivating exhibits is the Bronze Galloping Horse. I visited this museum last year. As I stepped into the exhibition hall and beheld the Bronze Galloping Horse, I was immediately transfixed. Its dynamic pose, the exquisitely detailed musculature and flowing mane, are a testament to the extraordinary artistry and bronze-casting skills of ancient Chinese craftsmen. The entire collection within the museum spans thousands of years of history, from ancient artifacts to modern artworks, providing a comprehensive and immersive journey through China’s cultural evolution. It’s not just a place to view beautiful objects; it’s a portal to understanding the nation’s soul and heritage. Every corner is filled with stories and knowledge waiting to be discovered. I’m certain you’ll have an unforgettable and enriching experience there. Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给今年夏天将来中国想去博物馆或美术馆的Mike写一封回信，推荐一个博物馆或美术馆，介绍其中的某件展品和你去该场所的经历以及推荐的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：happy→delighted 拜访：visit→pay a visit to 注视：behold→gaze at 难忘的：unforgettable→memorable 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The entire collection within the museum spans thousands of years of history, from ancient artifacts to modern artworks, providing a comprehensive and immersive journey through China’s cultural evolution. 拓展句：The entire collection within the museum spans thousands of years of history, from ancient artifacts to modern artworks, which provides a comprehensive and immersive journey through China’s cultural evolution. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As I stepped into the exhibition hall and beheld the Bronze Galloping Horse, I was immediately transfixed. (运用了As引导的时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】I’m certain you’ll have an unforgettable and enriching experience there. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$