训练(1) Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修4同步练测（人教版2019）

素能提升训练 训练（一） 曲”了。所以在米兰达的实验中，这两个机器人互相交 [基础语用题] 流。故选A。 I. 答案A 1.nail 2.dignity 3.bonus 4.absurd/ridiculous 6.解析细节理解题。根据第五段“With the help of his 5.integrity 6.salary 7.suspended 8.whereas warbling robots,one of Miranda's goals is to create 9.fiction 10.saleswoman music that no human would ever compose,.”可知，在机 Ⅱ. 器人的帮助下，米兰达的目标之一就是创作出人类永远 1.in time 2.more like 3.is similar to 4.tested out 无法创作的音乐。所以米兰达想让他的机器人创造新 5.Turn around 6.come up with 7.with wonder 的音乐风格。故选B。 8.with dignity 9.After all 10.or rather 答案B Ⅲ. 7,解析主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段“At 1.on/against 2.guilty 3.appointment 4.for England's University of Plymouth,Professor Eduardo 5.ridiculously Miranda has been programming...sharing music with W. the other in&new and unique way.."可知，英国普利茅 1.more predictors than novelists 2.comes a good chance 斯大学教校爱德华多·米兰达一直在为成对的机器人 3.It was ridiculous that 4.As the craftsman came into 编写作曲程序。米兰达的机器人有简单的“声带”，被编 the classroom 5.questioned by the police just now 程唱歌、彼此倾听。机器人的独特吟唱的颤音不完全吻 [能力提升题] 合人类的声音，但每台机器人完全以一种新的和独特的 I. 方式与另一台机器人共享音乐。所以短文主要是关于 [语篇导读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个 机器人创造的音乐。故选C。 最有趣和最有创意的发明的情况。 答案C L.解析知节理解题。根据第三段“1t's like a smart 1. assistant that goes wherever you..you the weather [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。科学是解决问题的精 report as you brush your teeth.”可知，Sweet Little 神工具，他们在日常生活中是强大并有用的。文章闻述了 Rolling Robot可以帮助你做家务。故选D。 科学家思考的方式以及你如何利用科学工具解决问题的 答案D 方式。 2.解析细节理解题。根据The Insoles to Pick Up Your 1.解析 上文“Science is a mental toolbox for solving Pact分中“Any runner knows the right shoes are key to problems..”说明科学是解决问题的工具，C项中的 your best speeds,.”可知，Nurw适合跑步者。故选B. “t0ols”与之呼应，C项“这些工具比你想象的要简单。” 答案B 符合语境，引出下文“And they are powerful and useful 3.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段“While working by in everyday life,”说明这些工具可以应用到日常生活 sight,smell and..advice about cooking technique and 中，其实要比想象中简单。故选C。 safe temperatures..”可知，Weber的发明做饭很方便。 答案C 故选B。 2.解析上文“Being open-minded means that when we 答案B are asked a question,scientific thinking requires us to [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。英国普利茅斯大学 admit that we often simply don't know the answer." 教授爱德华多·米兰达一直在为成对的机器人编写作 明科学思维要求我们思想开放，接受我们不知道的答 曲程序。短文介绍了机器人的工作原理以及教授所要 案，F项中的“not holding on to a belief'”与“admit that 达到的目标。 we often simply don't know the answer'"一致，F项“它 4.解析词义猜测题。根据第二段“Each robot is 也意味着当证据改变时，不要坚持一种观点。”符合语 equipped with speakers ..microphone for ears,and a 境，与上文是并列关系，且F项中的“the evidence camera for eyes.”以及所在句子的上下文语境可以判断 changes'”与下文的“the evidence changes'”呼应。故 出，每个机器人都配备了扬声器、模仿人类声音的软件。 选F。 故画线词的意思是“模伤”。故选D。 答案F 答案D 3.解析根据标题“Accept uncertainty.”可知，本段讲述 5.解析细节理解避。根据第四段“Miranda set up an 接受不确定性。D项中的“Accepting you don't know experiment in which he...combine the notes into their things'”特合本段主旨，D项“接受你不知道的事情并不 own self-developed‘songs'.”米兰达微了一个实验，他 是一种软弱的表现，”符合语境，下文“It allows you to 让两个机器人在他的书房里待了两个星期。当他回来 make better decisions because you're taking the 的时候，他的鸣乌们通过互相模仿，不仅分享了音符，而 uncertainty into account..”解释接受不知道的事情并不 且还把它们组合在一起。他们合作的成采远非交响乐， 是软弱的表现的原因。故选D。 但机器人已经开始将音符组合成他们自己开发的“歌 答案D 9 4.解析空格处是段落标题。根据下文“Pull together all: passing space rocks..”可知，几十年或几个世纪以后， the data-stuff that agrees...point.Then,for each Starman很可能最多只剩下柜架和玻璃了。故选A。 piece of data,consider the quality of the evidence.”可誰断， 答案A 本较讲述收集数据。A项“收集你的数据。”为最佳标题。 [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了北美 故选A 海狸不寻常的工程铸造能力，它们留下的河狸水坝有着悠 答案A 久的历史，科学家通过遗存的水坝可以研究生态环境的 5.解析上文“Start with the most likely explanation and 变化。 test it.”讲述证明假设从最可能的解释开始验证，G项 5.解析推理判断题。根据第一段“A new look at an 中的“the next most likely explanation”呼应上文，因此 l868 map has shown that beaver dams(河狸坝)in G项“如果你可以证明它是错的，那就继续下一个最有 Michigan have been holding strong for at least 150 可能的解释.”特合语境，讲述一个检验最有可能的解 y心ars.(对1868年地图的新观察表明，密歌根州的河狸 释。故选G。 水坝至少有150年的历史。)”可知，河狸水坝能够留存 答案G 很长时间，说明它很坚固。故选D。 答案D 训练（二） 6.解析推理判断题。根据第二段“It was Carol Johnston [基础语用题] of South Dakota State University who realized the value in Morgan's map to modern ecologists(生态学家).She 1.fares 2.alien 3.rumour 4.chairwoman 5.salesman created an updated version using air photos and Ⅱ. compared the two,discovering that about 72 percent of 1.add to 2.be charged with 3.on a basis 4.in a the dams and ponds still exist.(南达科他州立大学的卡 hurry 5.be aware of 罗尔斯领意识到摩根地图对现代生态学家的价值。地 Ⅲ， 使用航拍照片创建了一个更斯版本，并将两者进行了比 1.on 2.calculations 3.grammes 4.weekly 5.presumed 较，发现大约72%的水坝和池塘仍然存在。)”可知，摩 W. 根的地图可以帮助科学家通过遭存的水坝来研究生态 1.find it hard to convey my feelings in words 2.the first 环境的变化。故选A。 to arrive at the station 3.until you figure it out 4.so 答案A many mistakes that 5.staring at her 7.解析推理判断题。根据第三段“The findings prove V. that beaver works have been changing the North 1.were held 2.celebrated 3.was decided 4.wanted American landscape for centuries(研究结果证明，河狸 5.to enjoy 6.was followed 7.was discovered 8.brought 留下的作品几个世纪以来一直在改变北美的景观)”可 9.were added 10.has become 知，约翰斯顿的发现说明了河狸留下的水坝影响了自然 [能力提升题] 景观，即河狸是天生的工程师。故选B。 答案B [语篇导读]本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了 8.解析细节理解题。根据第四段“As the dam is not a Starman和座驾特斯拉Roadster接近了火星。 necessity to the beaver,his normal living place being l.解析推理判断题。根据第一段的“Starman,the rather natural ponds and rivers,and holes in their dummy...first test launch on 6 February 2018.""the banks,it is an amazing fact that he should have Falcon Heavy rocket and the vehicle at its tip are voluntarily worked himself,by means of dams and making their second trip around the Sun(猎鹰重型火精 ponds of his own construction,from a natural to an 和其顶端的车辆正在进行第二次绕太阳飞行)”可推断， artificial way of life..(由于大坝对河狸来说不是必需品， Starman已经开始了它的第二次绕太阳飞行。故选A。 它的正常生活场所是自然的池塘和河流，以及河岸上的 答案A 洞，令人惊奇的事实是它竟然主动地凭借自己建造的水 2.解析细节理解題。根据第二段的“Mr.McDowell 坝和池塘，将自然的生活方式改为人工的生活方式。)” 可知，第四段提到的这段话说明了摩根对河狸建造水坝 used data about how the rocket was moving when it left the Earth's gravity behind to locate its recent 的意愿感到惊讶。故选D。 答案D movements exactly'”可知，McDowell是通过分析火箭运 I. 行的数据成功定位Starman的。故选C。 [语篇导读]这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一度讨 答案C 厌新邻居家女孩跑调的歌声，但在了解女孩是通过大声唱 3.解析词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“But this time the 歌来缓解骨痛的疼痛后，作者不再恼怒甚至习惯了歌声的 crossing lined up with a fairly close approach,though 存在。后来女孩去世了，但是她的歌声总是出现在作者的 still not close enough to feel a strong tug from Mars." 脑海里。 可知，这一次，交叉点相当近，然而仍旧不够近，因此推 1.解析考查名词排析。a bad state of mind“一种槽糕的 断感觉不到来自火星的引力，故画线词意为“拉力”，与 心理状态”。故选A。 pull意思相近，故选D。 答案A 答案D 2.解析考查名词耕析。根据“I was a self-employed 4.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Over the course writer..”可知是有写作的灵感。故选C。 of decades or centuries...destroyed in impacts with 答案C 10训练(一) Section I Reading and Thinking 2. The news sounds [基础语用题] rumour than the truth, so people don't I.单词拼写 believe it. 1. Hammer a (钉子) into the wall 3. Their house ours, but and we'll hang the mirror from it ours has a bigger garden. 2. No matter how rich you are, you must 4. The machines must be treat the old with (尊严). before they are put into market 3. To show our appreciation for all your hard 6. and let me have a look work, we'd like to give you a at your back. (奖金). 6. Several of the members have 4. It is (荒谬的)that they should suggestions of their own. deny my request. 7. The child stared at the 5. I was not only trained academically, but I magician. was also taught how to be a person with 8. Despite our failure, we will not give up strong (诚实正直). and live 6. His regular (薪水)doesn't come 9. , most of us rely basically to much, but he gets bonuses too. on our businesses and professions for 7. A lamp was (悬) from the income. ceiling. 10. He knows little about English, 8. Some of the studies show positive results. ___,nothing at all. (然而) others do not. III. 单句语法填空 9. I am leaving to concentrate on writing 1. America declared war Japan (小说). after the attack on the Pearl Harbor 10. Now she works as a (女售货 in 1941. 员) in the local supermarket. 2. I feel so (guilt) and angry about II. 短语填空 the whole issue. test out: more like; with dignity; or rather; 3. Once you have made an with wonder: turn around; after all: in time; (appoint), you should keep it rather than come up with; be similar to break it. 4. The manager was even if 1. You must get there dismissed the weather should change. making a few wrong decisions. _ 高中英语·选择性必修 第四册 5. The price of beer here is Here are our picks for some of the most (ridiculous) high interesting and creative inventions. IIV.完成句子 The Sweet Little Rolling Robot 1. Some famous science fiction writers are Samsung has released Ballie, a tennis- sized robot that can follow you around the 与其说一些著名的科幻作家是小说家,不 house, answer your questions, and entertain 如说他们是预言家。 your pets. Since it's equipped with a camera, 2. Here that it can keep an eye on your home while you're you can use your summer vacation to go away. It's like a smart assistant that goes on study tours. 现在有一个好机会,你可以利用暑假参加 wherever you do, rolling into your bedroom 游学活动。 to ring your wake-up alarm, rolling to the 3. you should kitchen to turn on the toaster and giving you believe this rumour! the weather report as you brush your teeth. 你竟然相信这个传闻,真是太荒谬了! The Insoles to Pick Up Your Pact 4. Any runner knows the right shoes are key , we gave him a warm to your speed. But Nurvv insoles promise more welcome and two boys helped him with than mere cushioning. The insoles transmit data the tool box. to a coaching app, which offers information on 当工匠走进教室时,我们热烈欢迎他,两个 your technique and performance. It measures 男孩帮他拿工具箱。 5. The witnesses your foot strike and assesses your injury risk different gave very The app then generates personalized workouts descriptions of the fight. to set targets and help you beat your best 刚才被警察询问的证人对打架作出了不同 speeds. Half marathon, here you come! 的描述。 The No-Studio-Needed Yoga Class [能力提升题] Can't keep up your commitment to a yoga studio membership? The Yoganotch I. 阅读理解 A personal yoga assistant lets you drop into a virtual class any time you want. Follow Four remarkable inventions For more than half a century, the Consumer along with a set series while 3-D sensors tell Electronics Show(CES) has been the place you whether you need to straighten your for companies and inventors to display their legs a bit more. The idea is that it improves newest and coolest gadgets. your form while reducing the risk of injury 22 The Dau-Enhanced Grill Each robot is eauipped with speakers. While working by sight, smell and feel, a software that mimics the human voice, a mouth chef may appreciate Weber's new Smart that opens as it"sings”, a microphone for ears Grilling Hub. It can monitor your pork and and a camera for eyes, The robots also move. turkey while an app gives advice about cooking Miranda hopes that by studying his robot technique and safe temperatures. vocalists, he can discover something about how 1. What can the Sweet Little Rolling Robot do? and why humans create, perform, and listen to A. Feed your pets. music. B. Hay tennis with you When the robots sing, first one robot C. Take you wherever you want. makes six random sounds. Its partner D. Assist you to do your housework. responds with more sounds, The first robot 2. Which of the following is suitable for a analyzes the sounds to see if their sequences runner? (序列)are similar. If they are, it nods its A. Ballie. head and commits the sounds to memory. B. Nurvy. and the second robot notices and"memorizes" C. Yoganotch. the musical sequence, too. If the first robot D. Smart Grilling Hub. thinks the sounds are too different, it 3. What do we know about the Weber's shakes its head and both robots ignore the invention? sounds. Then the process continues. A. It uses virtual reality. Miranda set up an experiment in which he B. It is convenient for cooking. left the two robots alone in his study for two C. It makes meals for you automatically. D. It helps you do well in your yoga weeks. When he returned, his little warblers exercises. had, by imitating each other, not only shared B notes but combined them. The product of their At England's University of Plymouth, cooperation was far from symphonic, but the Eduardo Professor Miranda been has robots had begun to combine the notes into programming pairs of robots to compose music. their own self-developed "songs". Miranda's robots have simple"vocal cords"(声 With the help of his warbling robots 带)and are programmed to sing and to listen to one of Miranda's goals is to create music each other. The robots' unique warbling sounds that no human would ever compose. Miranda (颤 音)do not perfectly match the human believes the robots are ideal for this purpose voice, but each machine is exactly sharing because they would not be influenced by any music with the other in a new and unique way. existing musical styles or rules. 高中英语·选择性必修 第四册 4. Which is closest in meaning to the you don't change your mind, that's not a underlined word "mimics" in Paragraph 2? good spot to be in. A. Substitutes. B. Interrupts. · Accept uncertainty. Scientists always D. Copies. C. Controls. accept that there are things they don't 5. What did the two robots do during know, and things they simply cannot know Miranda's experiment? for sure. 3 It allows you to make better A. They interacted with each other. decisions because you're taking the uncertainty B. They ignored the unique sound. into account. Science says it's OK to wait for C. They learned to sing better than humans. evidence before coming to a conclusion. · 4 Go and do your research. Pull D. They committed random sounds to together all the data-stuff that agrees with memory. your argument and stuff that refutes(驳斥) 6. What does Miranda want his robots to do? it. Consider everything, rather than focusing A. Sing as well as humans do. on a single point. Then, for each piece of B. Create new styles of music. data, consider the quality of the evidence. C. Memorize a variety of music. · Develop ahypothesis(假设). A D. Promote traditional musical forms. hypothesis is a theory about the world-a 7. What is the text mainly about? guess. Ask yourself: Which of my theories A. Future robots best explains the data I have gathered? Start B. Special songs. with the most likely explanation and test C. Music by robots. it.5 D. Experiments by Miranda. A. Collect your data. II. 阅读七选五 B. Focus on your argument. Science is a mental toolbox for solving C. The tools are simpler than you would problems. 1 And they are powerful and think. useful in everyday life. Today, we open the D. Accepting you don't know things isn't a toolbox: how scientists think, and how you sign of weakness can borrow their tricks. E. There is no point in having a theory that · Start with an open mind. Being open can't be proven false. minded means that when we are asked a F. It also means not holding on to a belief when the evidence changes. question, scientific thinking requires us to G. If you can prove it wrong, move on to admit that we often simply don't know the the next most likely explanation. answer. 2 If the evidence changes and