第04讲 必修三Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world教材知识新课预习-【寒假自学课】2025年高一英语寒假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

第04讲 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用与常见的科学这一主题相关的词汇、语法等知识； 文化意识：感受中外科学家的优秀品质,精神,相同点和不同点； 思维品质：引导学生认识科学的两面性； 学习能力：完成一份校园科学节的设计方案；完成一份事实档案,简要介绍一位科学家的生平。 单元知识点 单元单词 1. intend vt. & vi. 打算，计划，想要；意指 [教材原文]In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年，屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。 (1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 be intended for 专供……使用；为……打算(或设计)的 intend (that) +从句 have intended to do (＝intended to have done) 本打算做而实际未做 (2)intention n. 意图；目的 with the intention of... 打算…… 2. limited adj. 有限的 [教材原文]However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而，因为研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物进行大量试验。 (1)limit v. 限制；限定 n. 限定；限度 limit...to... 把……限制在……内 be limited to... 局限于…… beyond the limit 超过限度 without limit 无限制地 within limit 在一定范围内 set a limit to/on 设定……的限度 3. postpone vt. 延迟，延期 [教材原文]The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 因为他们没有充足的安全性数据，在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟。 postpone sth. to/until... 推迟……到…… postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事 4. involve vt. 牵涉，影响；包含；(使)参加 [教材原文]I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science？” 我不得不问自己：“科学里是不是有罪恶？” (1)involve doing sth. 包括/需要做某事 involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事 (2)involved adj. 有关联的；复杂难解的 be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联 [名师点津] involved作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同： the people involved所涉及的人 an involved issue复杂的话题 5. credit n. 赞扬，认可；信用；贷款，赊欠；学分 vt. 存入金额；把……归于 [教材原文]Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. 当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。 to one's credit为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下 get/receive credit for 因为……而得到赞扬 do sb. credit＝ do credit to sb. 使某人值得赞扬或表扬 on credit 赊欠；分期付款 6. apply vt. & vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关 [教材原文] Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. 科学知识是一种使人能够做好事或坏事的力量，但它不提供如何应用它的指导。 (1)apply for 申请 apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请 apply sth. to sth. 把……应用到…… apply oneself to 致力于 apply to sb./sth. 有关于…… (2)application n. 申请；应用；敷用 (3)applied adj. 应用的 (4)applicant n. 申请者 7. permit vt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n. 许可证 [教材原文]Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure. 允许我们质疑、怀疑、不确定。 (1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit (one's) doing sth. 允许某人做某事 if time permits 如果时间允许 weather permitting 天气允许的话 (2)a fishing/parking permit 钓鱼/停车许可证 apply for a permit 申请许可证 (3)permission n. 允许，许可 have permission to do sth. 获得许可做某事 ask (for) permission 请求许可 get permission 获得许可 without permission 未经许可 8. responsibility n. 责任，负责；职责，义务 [教材原文]It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值；有责任教育人们不必害怕疑惑，而要欢迎疑惑、讨论疑惑；有责任强烈要求这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。 (1)a sense of responsibility责任感 take responsibility for ... 对……负责 It is one's responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责。 (2)responsible adj. 负责的，有责任的 be responsible for 对……负责；是……的原因 be responsible for和be responsible to的区别： be responsible for+sth. be responsible to+sb. 9. declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 [教材原文]It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值；有责任教育人们不必害怕疑惑，而要欢迎疑惑、讨论疑惑；有责任强烈要求这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。 (1)declare that... 宣布…… declare ...to be... 将……宣布为…… declare independence from 宣布摆脱……独立 declare war on... 向……宣战 declare oneself to be... 宣称自己…… declare for/against ... 声明支持/反对…… (2)declaration n. 声明，宣告 单元短语 1. refer to查阅，参考；提到，谈及；指代 [教材原文]When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 当它们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。 (1)refer to a dictionary 参考字典 (2)refer to...as... 把……称为…… 2. speed up (使)加速 [教材原文]To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 为了加快进程并确保它的安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上实验青蒿提取物。 speed by (时间)飞逝 at a speed of以……的速度 at high/low/full/top speed以高速/低速/全速/最高速 gain/gather/pick up speed加速 3. pay off成功，奏效，达到目的；还清 [教材原文]The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 (1)pay off the debt还清债务 pay off the loan还清贷款 (2)pay back偿还；回报；报答 pay for支付……的钱；为……付出代价 4. let sb. down使某人失望 [教材原文]Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. 我们从不担心答案会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 let alone 更不用说 let...alone 不要碰，不干涉 let go of＝let sb./sth. go 放开；释放某人；放过某事 let...in 让……进来；放进 let out 结束；散场；使某人解脱；发出叫声等；加宽，放大衣服等 5. put forward 提出，提议，建议 [教材原文]He put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859. 他提出了自然选择的进化理论，并于1859年发表了《物种起源》。 put up 竖起，建造；张贴 put away 放好；储存 put aside 把……放在一边 put back 放回原处 put down 放下；写下；平定 put off 拖延；推迟 put on 穿上；上演 put out 扑灭 put up with 忍受，容忍 单元句型 1.序数词+动词不定时 [教材原文]Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 (1)“the+序数词+名词+不定式”表示“第几个做……的”，其中不定式作后置定语。 (2)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，通常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3)修饰词被形容词最高级或the only, the very，the next, the last等修饰时，多用不定式作后置定语。 (4)抽象名词ability, attempt, chance, promise, reason, time, way等后常用不定式作定语。 2.with的宾语补足语 [教材原文]Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. 然而，即使有大量的青蒿提取物被制造出来，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。 with复合结构在句中作状语或定语，其构成为： 【巩固练习】 I.请根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1. These examples are used to ________(说明,解释) the bad impact of climate change. 2. Risk­taking is a means of ________(生存,幸存) and brings higher returns to humans. 3. They could suddenly afford to buy ________(家用的) goods thanks to a flood of imports from another country. 4. It was really annoying. I couldn’ t get access to the ________(数据) bank you had recommended. 5. Conventional ________(智慧) has it that we should save some money for rainy days when we have a lot in hand. 6. He wants to buy the books in quantity, so the storekeeper will not ________(收费) him much. 7. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct procedure in ________(申请) for a visa. 8. Some local ________(官方) and voluntary organizations also run workshops for disabled (残疾的) people. 9. Love will always be a topic of universal interest regardless of race, religion or ________(国籍). 10. The highest possible stage in ________(道德的) culture is when we recognize that we ought to control our thoughts. 【答案】 1. illustrate/exemplify　2. survival　 3. household 4. data　 5. wisdom 6. charge　 7. applying　 8. authorities　 9. nationality　 10. moral/ethical II.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 refer to; speed up; through trial and error; by accident; with a bang; let sb. down; take it for granted; put forward 1. He ________________ quite a few global issues in his lecture about the international situation. 2. Recent studies tell us that learning is enhanced ________________. 3.The pianist ranked first in the national competition and years of hard work finally ________________. 4. The questions ________________ at the meeting are of vital importance. 5. Some of us always ________________ that our parents should take care of us. 【答案】 1. referred to 2. through trial and error 3. paid off 4.put forward 5. take it for granted III.单句写作 1.他是第一个想到这个主意的人。(序数词+不定式) ________________________________________________________ 2.把这篇文章翻译成英语很困难。( It is +adj.+to do) ________________________________________________________ 3.利奥匆匆赶到那里,结果却发现他们都出去了。 (find+宾语+宾语补足语) ________________________________________________________ 4.总体来看,这个项目将对该地区大有好处。(be of +名词) ________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. He is/was the first one to think of the idea.  2. It is very difficult to translate this passage into English.  3. Leo hurried there, only to find them out.  4. As a whole, the project will be of great benefit to the region.  单元语法 动词过去分词作定语，状语和宾语补足语 一、动词ed形式作定语 1. 前置定语 单个的动词ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。 2. 后置定语 作后置定语的动词ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。 [名师点津]如要表示强调，单个动词ed形式也可以作后置定语。 3. 动词ed形式作定语和动词ing形式作定语的区别 动词ed形式作定语表示动作已完成，有时有被动意义，而动词ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行，有主动意义。 the risen sun 升起了的太阳 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水 developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家 fallen leaves 落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition 改变了的情况 changing condition 变化着的情况 二、动词ed形式作状语 1. 表示时间 动词ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 [名师点津]有时动词ed形式前可加连词when或while等词来强调时间概念。 2. 表示原因 动词ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 3. 表示条件 动词ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 4. 表示让步 动词ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 [名师点津]为了使动词ed形式表示的条件、让步意义更加明显，可以加上适当的连词。 5. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明 动词ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。 [名师点津]　当动词ed形式作状语和动词ing形式的被动式作状语时，并没有多大的区别，可以互换。 三、动词ed形式作宾语补足语 1. 在感官动词 see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find 后作宾语补足语。 2. 在使役动词 get, have, make, leave, keep 等后作宾语补足语。 (1)动词ed形式作get的宾语补足语。 [名师点津]动词 get 后面也可接动词不定式或动词ing形式作宾语补足语，此时，动词和宾语是主动关系。 (2)动词ed形式作make的宾语补足语。 [名师点津]动词 make 后的宾语补足语可用不带 to 的动词不定式或动词ed形式，但不可用动词ing形式。 【误】Can you make the students understanding the text? 【正】Can you make the students understand the text? 【正】Can you make the text understood by the students?你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？ (3)动词ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。 3. 动词ed形式也可用在 with (without)结构中，作介词的宾语补足语。 4. 在某些动词如 want, need, prefer, would like 等后面，作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”后，就成了动词ed形式作宾语补足语。 【巩固练习】 (1)Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially ________(design) to help them succeed academically and personally. (2)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________(spend) with his students. (3)________(inspire) by those players, Jake hoped to join his school’s football team. (4)Such knowledge is still useful when ________(apply) to similar situations in other countries. (5)On Teachers’ Day, each teacher received a nice present, with a poem ________(attach) to it. (6)The boy slid out of his room, ________(follow) by his pet dog. (7)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________(hide) within the work. (8)Yesterday, I sat with my son Shepherd, ________(determine) to test my own theory on this. (9)Be especially careful of the description ________(contain) in advertisements. (10)To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study ________(conduct) in Australia in 2021. (11)Ordinary soap, ________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. (12)It is one of the funniest things ________(find) on the Internet so far this year. (13)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ________(lay) for a meal to be cooked. (14)A great number of students ________(question) said they were forced to practice the piano. (15)If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly ________(suppose). 【答案】 1. designed　 (2) spent　 (3) Inspired　 (4) applied　 (5) attached (6) followed　 (7) hidden　 (8) determined　 (9) contained (10) conducted　 (11) used　 (12) found　 (13) laid (14) questioned　 (15) supposed 单元写作 为学校科技节写一个计划 本单元的写作任务是为学校科技节写一个计划。写此类短文需注意以下方面： 1. 活动的时间、地点、参加的人员及活动主题； 2. 活动的主要内容及代表性活动； 3. 收获或感想。 假定你是李华，想邀请你的英国朋友David 下周一参加你校举办的科技节，并欣赏学生们的科技小发明。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 发出邀请并介绍活动的时间和地点； 2. 活动的目的和内容； 3. 表达希望。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：科技小发明technology gadgets [审题谋篇] 体裁: 计划 时态：一般将来时为主 人称：以第三人称为主 框架：第一段：介绍科技节的时间、地点以及主题。 第二段：介绍科技节的活动及参加人员。 第三段：表示祝愿。 参考范文 Dear David, I'm glad to invite you to the Science and Technology Festival to be held in our school next Monday to enjoy the students' technology gadgets. The Science and Technology Festival is scheduled to take place in the science building from 8 a. m.to 11 a. m.Its purpose is to encourage us students to think creatively and share our works with others.At this festival，you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life.What's more，some excellent student inventors will perform their technology gadgets on the spot，which I think will be the most exciting part. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 写作迁移： 假设你是李华，你们学校要举行科技节。请根据以下要点为其写一个计划： 1. 科技节的主题：鼓励学生的创造性思维； 2. 在学校操场举行；届时有一些学生发明家出席； 3. 会展示很多有趣的实验。参加者会从中获益良多。 参考范文 The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 am to 11 am，whose theme is how to inspire students' creativity and its aim is to encourage us students to think creatively. There will be some excellent student inventors attending the festival，who will introduce their inventions and perform their functions on the spot.What's more，they will show us some interesting experiments，which I think will be the most exciting part.At the end of the festival，the students will find they learn a lot from it. The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it. 考点1 intend 的用法 1. The wildlife sanctuary intends ________(expand) its facilities to accommodate more rescued animals and provide better care. 【答案】to expand 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：野生动物保护区打算扩展其设施，以容纳更多被救助的动物并提供更好的照顾。intend to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”，空处应为动词不定式。故填to expand。 2. We intended ________(start) the engine as soon as possible, but it failed to work. 【答案】to have started 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们本打算尽快发动发动机，但它没能发动起来。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据intend to do sth.意为“打算做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式形式作宾语，根据“but it failed to work”可知，此处表示“本打算做而没有做”，所以此处使用动词不定式的完成式，即to have started。故填to have started。 3. He intends his son ________(manage) the company. 【答案】to manage 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算让儿子管理公司。intend sb. to do意思为：打算让某人做某事，结合空前intends his son，空处用不定式形式。故填to manage。 4. The book is intended for little children. It is popular with us. (同义句转换) →The book ________________________ is popular with us. (用定语从句) →The book ________________________ is popular with us. (用非谓语动词) 【答案】which/that is intended for little children; intended for little children 【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：这本书是专门为孩子写的，非常受我们的欢迎。1.分析句子可知，主语是the book，系动词是is，表语是popular，主语the book在定语从句中作主语，因此使用which或that引导定语从句，从句中动词是is intended for。2.分析句子可知，主语是the book，系动词是is，表语是popular，因此横线处可使用非谓语动词形式作后置定语，且逻辑主语the book与intend之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填①which/that is intended for little children②intended for little children。 考点2 limited的用法 1. There is no limit ________ the age of participants in the club. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：在这个俱乐部中，参与者的年龄没有限制。limit与介词to连用，表示对……的限制。故填to。 2. Long daytime naps (小睡) can affect nighttime sleep. If you choose to nap, limit yourself ________ 30 minutes. 【答案】to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：白天长时间的小睡会影响晚上的睡眠。如果你选择小睡，那么请将时间限制在30分钟以内。根据句意及空前“limit yourself”和空后“30 minutes”可知，空处应填介词to，构成固定短语limit...to...，表示“将……限制在……范围内”。故填to。 3. It’s possible to overcome your ________(limit) and to achieve well beyond what you believe yourself capable of. 【答案】limitations 【详解】考查名词。句意：克服你的局限并取得远超你自己认为能达到的成就是有可能的。空处用于形容词性物主代词your之后，应用名词形式作overcome的宾语，limitation是名词，表示“局限”，为可数名词，使用复数形式表示泛指，表示多种局限性。故填limitations。 4. Some people advocated ________(limit) the number of cars on the main roads in this city. 【答案】limiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人倡议限制该城市里主干道上汽车的数量。advocate“提倡，倡议”，后接动词-ing形式作宾语。故填limiting。 5. They postponed ________(send) an answer to a request. 【答案】sending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们推迟了对请求的答复。postpone doing意思为：推迟做某事，空处用动名词作宾语。故填sending。 考点3 postpone的用法 1. The game has already been ________(postpone) three times. 【答案】postponed 【详解】考查动词时态语态和非谓语动词。句意：这场比赛已经三度延期了。根据句意可知，主语the game和动词postpone之间是被动关系，此处是被动语态，前面已经有been，用过去分词故填postponed。 2. Sometimes students postpone ________(do) their homework until the last minute. 【答案】doing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时学生直到最后一分钟才做作业。此处为短语postpone doing sth.表示“推迟做某事”。故填doing。 考点4 responsibility 的用法 1. Everyone should bear the ________(responsible) of protecting the environment. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：每个人都应该承担起保护环境的责任。空处作bear的宾语，用responsible对应的名词responsibility“责任”，作宾语，句中指的是一个单一的、概括性的责任，使用单数形式。故填responsibility。 2. Looking out of the window, my mother complained about the ________(responsible) and cruel person who left his dog with us. 【答案】irresponsible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：望着窗外，妈妈抱怨那个把狗留给我们的人既不负责任又残忍。根据句意以及空后person可知，此处为形容词irresponsible“不负责任的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填irresponsible。 3. I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being ________(response) for a lot more. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】responsible 【详解】考查形容词，句意：我知道作为一名高中生，我必须更加努力地学习，并习惯于承担更多的责任。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，responsible，表“负责的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填responsible。 4. Everyone in the team should shoulder his/ her own ________(responsible). 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：每个人都应该承担自己的责任。根据“shoulder his/ her own”可知，其后需接名词作宾语。responsible是形容词，其对应的名词形式是responsibility。故填responsibility。 考点5 declare的用法 1. They will ask you to sign a ________(declare) allowing your doctor to disclose your health. 【答案】declaration 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们会要求你签署一份声明，允许你的医生披露你的健康状况。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词declaration，作宾语。故填declaration。 2. The instant the ceremony ________(declare) open, all the students in our school burst into cheers. 【答案】was declared 【详解】考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意：典礼一宣布开始，我们学校所有的学生就欢呼起来。分析句子可知，空处作谓语，结合语境可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，declare“宣布”和主语the ceremony之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数名词，be动词应用was。故填was declared。 3. The government has ________(declare) war on drug dealers. 【答案】declared 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：政府向毒贩宣战。根据句意可知，本句表达已宣战之意，所以应该用现在完成时，空前已有has，所以空处用过去分词形式。故填declared。 4. The Amazon rainforest ________(refer) to as the lung of the Earth. 【答案】is referred 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：亚马逊雨林被称作地球的肺。refer(描述，提到)是谓语动词，与主语The Amazon rainforest之间为被动关系，描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时态，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is referred to。 考点6 refer to的用法 1. You can use these ________(refer) books, if necessary. 【答案】reference 【详解】考查名词。句意：如有必要，你可以使用这些参考书。reference book是固定短语，意为“参考书”，因此空格处是reference。故填reference。 2. The book that the teacher referred ________ just now is said to be popular among students. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：老师刚才提到的那本书据说在学生中很受欢迎。短语refer to表示“提到”。故填to。 3. With ________(refer)to your advertised position,I have the pleasure to say that I am the just person you are asking for. 【答案】reference 【详解】考查名词。句意：关于你们广告上的职位，我很高兴地说我就是你们要找的合适人选。with reference to是固定搭配，意为“关于”，其中reference是名词形式作宾语。故填reference。 考点7 pay off的用法 1. Businesses should pay attention ________ customer feedback online to improve their products and services. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：商家应该关注顾客的在线反馈，以改善他们的产品和服务。pay attention to为固定搭配，意为“注意，关心”。故填to。 2. You would have to wait a long time to get________(pay). 【答案】paid 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你要等很长时间才能拿到工资。分析句子结构，空处和前面的to get一起构成不定式结构，pay和逻辑主语You之间是动宾关系，且空前的get为系动词，所以空处应用过去分词，表示被动。故填paid。 3. In the end, his hard work ________(pay) off and he got promoted. 【答案】paid 【详解】考查动词。句意：最后，他的努力得到了回报，他得到了提升。空处和got并列，作谓语，使用一般过去时。故填paid。 4. 玛丽想成为一名医生，她的坚持不懈终于得到了回报。(pay off) Mary wanted to become a doctor and ________________________. 【答案】her persistence paid off 【详解】考查名词和动词短语。根据句意，表示“她的坚持不懈”应为her persistence作主语，表示“得到了回报”应为pay off，根据并列句的谓语动词wanted可知，此处应使用一般过去时，且与主语之间为主动关系。故填her persistence paid off。 考点8 put forward的用法 1. Put your watch forward; it’s five minutes slow. ________ 2. I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put him forward as a candidate. ________ 3. They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. ________ 4. Over the years several similar theories have been put forward. ________ 【答案】1. 拔快 2. 推荐 3. 将……提前 4. 提出 【解析】1. 考查put forward的含义。句意：把你的表拨快；它慢了五分钟。根据句意可知，句中put forward表示“拔快”。故填拔快。 2. 考查put forward的含义。句意：我认为他适合这个职位；因此，我推荐他为候选人。根据句意可知，，句中put forward表示“推荐”。故填推荐。 3. 考查put forward的含义。句意：他们把结婚日期提前了一个星期。根据句意可知，句中put forward表示“将……提前”。故填将……提前。 4. 考查put forward的含义。句意：多年来，人们提出了一些类似的理论。根据句意可知，句中put forward表示“提出”。故填提出。 考点9 序数词+不定形式的用法 1. He was the first one ________(put) forward the creative idea. 【答案】to put 【详解】考查不定式。句意：他是第一个提出这一创造性想法的人。one前有序数词first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处是不定式to put。故填to put。 2. 他总是吃苦在前，享乐在后。(动词不定式作定语，序数词)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。主语为he；表示“总是吃苦在前”翻译为be always the first to bear hardships，序数词后接动词不定式作定语；表示“享乐在后”翻译为the last to enjoy comforts。为一般现在时。故翻译为He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. 3. 军事使节甘英考查了波斯湾，成为第一个了解欧洲的中国人。(the+序数词(+名词)+不定式)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gan Ying, a military envoy, explored the Persian Gulf and became the first Chinese to get information on Europe. 【详解】考查时态和动词不定式。结合句意可知，explore (考查)和become (成为)用一般过去时，a military envoy (军事使节)做Gan Ying的同位语，动词不定式短语to get information on Europe做后置定语，修饰名词短语the first Chinese，故翻译为：Gan Ying, a military envoy, explored the Persian Gulf and became the first Chinese to get information on Europe. 考点10 过去分词作定语 1. I have recently challenged myself to take part in Happy Run, a sports event ________(intend) to  get more people involved in daily physical exercise. 【答案】intended 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我最近挑战自己参加Happy Run，这是一项旨在让更多人参与日常体育锻炼的体育赛事。intend作后置定语，修饰a sports event ，二者之间是被动关系，需用过去分词形式intended表示被动和完成状态。故填intended。 2. Ignoring the danger, he rushed into the fire to rescue those ________(trap) in the house. 【答案】trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他不顾危险，冲进火里去营救被困在房子里的人。句中谓语是rushed，空格处用非谓语动词，those和trap之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词trapped作后置定语，故填trapped。 3. Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi ________(base) on martial arts skills. 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：17世纪的中国武术大师陈王廷发展了以武术技巧为基础的太极拳。此处非谓语动词base与tai chi构成逻辑被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填based。 考点11 过去分词作状语 1. ________(compare) with developing countries, developed countries consume more energy. 【答案】Compared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与发展中国家相比，发达国家消耗更多的能源。空处为句子的状语，所给动词compare和主语developed countries构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用其过去分词compared作状语，构成“compared with…”，表示“与……相比”。句首单词首字母大写。故填Compared。 2. A table and two chairs at front centre. Grandfather and Father, ________(seat) at the table, are playing chess. 【答案】seated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：前面中间有一张桌子和两把椅子。爷爷和爸爸坐在桌旁下棋。are playing为谓语，空处作状语，表示伴随，Grandfather and Father与seat构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。故填seated。 3. ________(engage) in science research for 40 years, he has made great contributions to his motherland. 【答案】Engaged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：参与科学研究40年，他已经为祖国做出了巨大的贡献。此处作状语，主语为he，与engage之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填Engaged。 考点12 过去分词作宾语补足语 1. The injured young man has to have meals ________(deliver) to his home. 【答案】delivered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受伤的年轻人不得不让人把饭送到他家。空处作宾补，meals与deliver构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填delivered。 2. I’ll call you back tomorrow morning when I get more ________. Don’t worry! You will be kept ________. (inform) 【答案】information; informed 【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：当我明天早上得到更多的信息时，我会给你回电话。别担心！我会随时通知你的。第一空作get的宾语，inform的名词形式information符合题意，意为“信息”，不可数；第二空作主语补足语，inform“通知，告知”和You逻辑上是被动关系，因此用inform的过去分词形式，keep sb. done表示“让某人被……”。故填①information；②informed。 3. Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers ________(send) to his mother on her birthday. 【答案】sent 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：每年，汤姆都会记得在他母亲生日那天送一些花给她。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，some flowers与send之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式作宾补。故填sent。 一、阅读理解 China’s technique of growing Juncao, the herbal plant used in the growing of edible mushrooms, has contributed to global poverty reduction, agronomist Lin Zhanxi said at the Delegates’ Passage before the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on Oct.16, 2022. “We offer training at home and abroad, send our experts to teach local farmers, and we do serve them heart and soul as our brothers,” said Lin, the chief scientist of the National Juncao Technology Research Center and a professor at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, who discovered and shares this mushroom-growing technology beyond China for years. The technique was later promoted from East China’s Fujian province to other areas in the country and has even reached countries across the world. As a fungi (真菌) expert, Lin said he first came up with the idea of using Juncao grass instead of wood for producing mushrooms in the 1970s. In 1971, Lin was the first person to suggest the idea of cultivating edible fungi in chopped-up wild grass. After an investigation in rural areas in Fujian province in 1983, he decided to do research to put his idea into practice. At the end of 1986, Lin saw the first Juncao mushroom growing in his laboratory. Since then, Lin and his team have developed the technology by using 45 different kinds of grasses as Juncao fungi grass. Juncao moved 17,700 farmers out of poverty in Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui autonomous region. The technique has been promoted to 106 countries and regions around the world. Twenty years ago, villagers in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea began to learn this modern biological technology with the help of Chinese agronomists. After the experimental planting of Juncao grass was successful in Papua New Guinea, villagers shouted “Juncao, China!” to express their excitement, Lin said. Many people in the South Pacific, Latin America and African countries have shaken off poverty through growing Juncao grass and mushrooms, he added. More than 12,000 Chinese experts have been trained to promote the technique worldwide, contributing Chinese wisdom to the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, Lin said. 1. What is the most important contribution Juncao technology made to the world? A. It helped 17,700 farmers out of poverty. B. It promoted mushroom-growing technology. C. It is helping to reduce poverty in the whole world. D. It provided farmers worldwide with training chances. 2. Which of the following words can best describe Lin Zhanxi? A. Devoted and helpful. B. Generous and warm-hearted. C. Unselfish and independent. D. Honest and intelligent. 3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The developing process of Juncao technology. B. The investigation of Juncao technology. C. The promotion of Juncao technology. D. The theory of Juncao/technology. 4. What is the villagers’ attitude towards growing Juncao? A. Uncaring. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Opposing. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国菌草技术助力全球减贫的情况。 1. 细节理解题。由文章第一段“China’s technique of growing Juncao, the herbal plant used in the growing of edible mushrooms, has contributed to global poverty reduction, agronomist Lin Zhanxi said at the Delegates’ Passage before the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on Oct.16, 2022. (2022年10月16日，在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会代表通道上，农学家林占熺表示，中国培育菌草——一种用于种植食用菌的草本植物的技术，为全球减贫事业作出了贡献)”可知，菌草技术对世界做出的最重要的贡献是有助于减少全世界的贫困。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。由文章第二段中““We offer training at home and abroad, send our experts to teach local farmers, and we do serve them heart and soul as our brothers,” said Lin, the chief scientist of the National Juncao Technology Research Center and a professor at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, who discovered and shares this mushroom-growing technology beyond China for years. (“我们在国内外提供培训，派遣专家教导当地农民，全心全意地像对待兄弟一样为他们服务，”林说。他是国家菌草工程技术研究中心首席科学家、福建农林大学教授，多年来一直在国内外推广这一食用菌栽培技术)”可推知，林占熺是乐于助人和奉献的。故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。由文章第三段“As a fungi (真菌) expert, Lin said he first came up with the idea of using Juncao grass instead of wood for producing mushrooms in the 1970s. In 1971, Lin was the first person to suggest the idea of cultivating edible fungi in chopped-up wild grass. After an investigation in rural areas in Fujian province in 1983, he decided to do research to put his idea into practice. At the end of 1986, Lin saw the first Juncao mushroom growing in his laboratory. Since then, Lin and his team have developed the technology by using 45 different kinds of grasses as Juncao fungi grass. (作为真菌专家，林表示，他早在20世纪70年代就提出了用菌草代替木材栽培食用菌的想法。1971年，林是第一个提出利用切碎的野生草栽培食用菌的人。1983年，在对福建省农村地区进行调查后，他决定开展研究，将这一想法付诸实践。1986年底，林在他的实验室里看到了第一株菌草菇。从那时起，林及其团队利用45种不同的草作为菌草草种，发展了这项技术)”可知，第三段主要讲述了菌草技术的发展过程。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。由文章第五段中“After the experimental planting of Juncao grass was successful in Papua New Guinea, villagers shouted “Juncao, China!” to express their excitement, Lin said. (林说，在巴布亚新几内亚成功试种菌草后，村民们兴奋地高呼“菌草，中国！”)”可推知，村民们对种植菌草是支持的。故选B。 二、七选五 Born in London on 28 November 1772, Luke Howard was interested in the weather from an early age 1 He was instead easily distracted(分心) by the clouds he could see through the window. He started his career as a pharmacist, producing and sending out medicines for people. 2 He soon became an amateur meteorologist(业余气象学者). In 1802, Howard presented his research in a lecture to the Askesian Society, a club for people who were interested in science. At this point, meteorology hadn't progressed as much as other sciences, because it was difficult to take observations when the weather was always changing. To take his observations, Howard did sketches(草图) of the clouds as they moved and changed in the sky. 3 Howard suggested that although the shapes of clouds were changing, there were three basic types of clouds in the sky, to which he gave Latin names. 4 . The second was“cumulus”, meaning heap(一堆) or pile. And the third was “stratus”, meaning layer or sheet. He also introduced four other cloud types to recognize the changing clouds when they are joining together or breaking apart. In 1803, he published his research in a paper called “On the Modifications of Clouds”. After the publication of Howard's research, the field of meteorology continued to develop. Scientists now have a much greater understanding of weather patterns (模式) all around the world. 5 Professor Liz Bentley, Chief Executive of the Royal Meteorological Society, said, “His scientific work helped us understand our climate.” A. There are now 10 types of clouds. B. But his true passion was meteorology. C. But it was Howard's work that started it all. D. He couldn't stay focused when he was at school. E. This helped him to recognize the forms we know today. F. Howard's findings also inspired the artist John Constable. G. The first was called “cirrus”, which means tendril or hair in Latin. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. E 4. G 5. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了卢克·霍华德对气象学做出的贡献。 1. 根据下文“He was instead easily distracted by the clouds he could see through the window. ”(相反，他很容易被透过窗户看到的云分散注意力)可知，选项承接下文与下文话题一致，说的都是他不能注意力集中的事情。故D选项“他在学校时不能集中注意力。”切题。故选D项。 2. 根据上文“He started his career as a pharmacist, producing and sending out medicines for people.”(他的职业生涯始于药剂师，为人们生产和分发药品)根据下文“He soon became an amateur meteorologist (业余气象学者).”(他很快就成了一名业余气象学家)可知，选项与上文为转折关系且引起下文，说明他真正热爱的是气象学。故B选项“但他真正热爱的是气象学”切题。meteorology呼应meteorologist (业余气象学者)。故选B项。 3. 根据上文“To take his observations, Howard did sketches (草图) of the clouds as they moved and changed in the sky.”(为了进行观察，霍华德画了云在天空中移动和变化的草图)可知，选项承接上文说明这么做的作用是什么。故E选项“这帮助他认识到我们今天所知道的云的形状”切题。故选E项。 4. 根据下文“The second was“cumulus”, meaning heap (一堆) or pile.”(第二个是“积云”，意思是堆或堆。)可知，选项与下文为并列关系，说明的是第一种类型的云。故G选项“第一种叫做“卷云”，在拉丁语中是卷须或毛发的意思”切题。故选G项。 5. 根据上文“After the publication of Howard's research, the field of meteorology continued to develop. Scientists now have a much greater understanding of weather patterns (模式) all around the world.”(霍华德的研究发表后，气象学领域继续发展。科学家们现在对世界各地的天气模式有了更深入的了解。)可知，选项承接上文说明科学家们现在对世界各地的天气模式有了更深入的了解的原因。故C选项“但这一切都是从霍华德的工作开始的”切题。故选C项。 三、完形填空 The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came as a great shock to the whole world. To his family, he was “a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy(遗赠) will 1 for many years”. His parents, both Oxford graduates, placed a high 2 on education and family members were often seen reading books at dinner. 3 known at school as “Einstein”, Hawking was not successful in study at f irst. With time, he began to show talents for scientif ic subjects and decided to read 4 at university. As mathematics was not available at Oxford then, Hawking chose physics instead. Diagnosed with a rare motor neuron disease(运动神经元病), Hawking eventually 5 a wheelchair. 6 shocked and bitter, Hawking continued his work in physics. After the loss of his 7 , he communicated through a speech-generating device, which 8 him to produce A Brief History of Time with the help of an assistant. Hawking once 9 how he felt when f irst informed of his disease, 10 that he would never realize his potential. “But now, 50 years later, I 11 be more satisfied with my life,” he said. Hawking also gained popularity 12 the science world and appeared in several TV shows. He was featured in the f ilm The Theory of Everything, which recorded his rise to honour and relationship with his f irst wife, Jane. Professor James Hartle, who once worked with him, praised his unique ability to see through all the clutter(混乱) in physics and get to the 13 . “My memory of him would be first as a scientist and, second, as a human being whose story is a victory 14 misfortune, which inspired a lot of people.” Professor Jim Al-Khalili pictured Hawking as a humorous person. “He was a fun loving guy. Inside that disabled body was someone full of 15 for life,” he said. 1. A. live on B. hold on C. hang on D. catch on 2. A. judge B. request C. value D. standard 3. A. Unless B. When C. Although D. Because 4. A. physics B. mathematics C. science D. chemistry 5. A. brought in B. resulted in C. ended in D. put in 6. A. Though B. Otherwise C. Indeed D. Even 7. A. movement B. speech C. sense D. writing 8. A. allowed B. forced C. encouraged D. got 9. A. recalled B. fancied C. addressed D. commented 10. A. declaring B. assuming C. determined D. arguing 11. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 12. A. within B. around C. towards D. outside 13. A. destination B. point C. meaning D. conclusion 14. A. with B. over C. about D. from 15. A. energy B. appreciation C. love D. blessing 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9 A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文简单介绍了著名物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金的一生，包括他在学术上的成就、与疾病的斗争以及他在公众视野中的形象。 1. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对他的家人来说，他是一位伟大的科学家，一个非凡的人，他的工作和遗产将流传多年。A. live on继续存在；B. hold on坚持；C. hang on坚持下去，不挂断；D. catch on理解。根据后文的“for many years”可知，霍金的工作和遗产会继续存在很多年。故选A项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父母都是牛津大学毕业生，非常重视教育，家人在晚餐时经常看书。A. judge判断；B. request要求；C. value价值，重视；D. standard标准。根据后文的“and family members were often seen reading books at dinner”可知，霍金一家在晚餐时经常看书，说明霍金的父母非常重视教育。故选C项。 3. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然霍金在学校被称为“爱因斯坦”，但他一开始在学习上并不成功。A. Unless除非；B. When当……时；C. Although虽然；D. Because因为。根据后文的“Hawking was not successful in study at first”可知，霍金一开始学习并不成功，空处与后文是转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句。故选C项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，他开始显示出对科学科目的天赋，并决定在大学里学习数学。A. physics物理；B. mathematics数学；C. science科学；D. chemistry化学。根据后文的“As mathematics was not available at Oxford then, Hawking chose physics instead.”可知，霍金原本想学习数学，但因为牛津大学没有数学专业，所以选择了物理。故选B项。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：霍金被诊断出患有罕见的运动神经元疾病，最终只能坐轮椅。A. brought in引进；B. resulted in导致；C. ended in以......结束，最终处于......状态；D. put in提出，放入。根据前文“Diagnosed with a rare motor neuron disease”及后文“a wheelchair”可知，霍金因为患有罕见的运动神经元疾病，最终只能坐轮椅。故选C项。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管感到震惊和痛苦，霍金仍然继续他的物理研究。A. Though然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Indeed确实；D. Even甚至。根据前文“Diagnosed with a rare motor neuron disease”可知，霍金身患重病，但他没有放弃，仍然继续他的物理研究，空处与后文是转折关系，应用though引导让步状语从句，此处构成状语从句的省略结构。故选A项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在失去说话能力后，他通过语音发生器进行交流，这使他能够在助手的帮助下写出《时间简史》。A. movement运动；B. speech说话；C. sense感觉；D. writing写作。根据后文的“he communicated through a speech-generating device”可知，霍金通过语音发生器交流，说明他失去了说话能力。故选B项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在失去说话能力后，他通过语音发生器进行交流，这使他能够在助手的帮助下写出《时间简史》。A. allowed使得；B. forced迫使；C. encouraged鼓励；D. got得到。根据后文的“to produce A Brief History of Time with the help of an assistant”可知，在失去说话能力后，他通过语音发生器进行交流，这使他能够在助手的帮助下写出《时间简史》。故选A项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍金曾回忆起当他第一次得知自己患病时的感受，他以为自己永远无法实现自己的潜力。A. recalled回忆；B. fancied想象；C. addressed演讲；D. commented评论。根据后文的“how he felt when first informed of his disease”可知，霍金回忆起自己第一次得知患病时的感受。故选A项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍金曾回忆起当他第一次得知自己患病时的感受，他以为自己永远无法实现自己的潜力。A. declaring宣布；B. assuming认为，假设；C. determined决定；D. arguing争论。根据后文的“that he would never realize his potential”可知，霍金以为自己永远无法实现自己的潜力，这是霍金当时的想法，是霍金自己认为的。故选B项。 11. 考查情态动词辨析。句意：“但现在，50年过去了，我对自己的生活非常满意，”他说。A. mustn’t禁止；B. shouldn’t不应该；C. can’t不能，无法(表示否定推测)；D. wouldn’t不会。根据前文“But now, 50 years later”及后文“be more satisfied with my life”可知，霍金觉得现在的生活很好，对自己很满意，can’t与more连用，表示“再......不过了”，符合语境。故选C项。 12. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：霍金在科学界之外也颇受欢迎，并出现在几档电视节目中。A. within在……之内；B. around在……周围；C. towards朝；D. outside在……外面。根据后文的“appeared in several TV shows”可知，霍金出现在电视节目中，电视节目不属于科学界，说明霍金在科学界之外也颇受欢迎。故选D项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：曾经与他一起工作过的詹姆斯·哈特尔教授赞扬了他独特的能力，能够看透物理学中的所有混乱，并抓住要点。A. destination目的地；B. point要点；C. meaning意思；D. conclusion结论。根据前文的“see through all the clutter in physics”可知，霍金能够看透物理学中的所有混乱，说明霍金能够抓住物理学中的要点。故选B项。 14. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我对他的记忆首先是作为一名科学家，其次是作为一个人，他的故事是战胜不幸的，这激励了很多人。A. with和；B. over超过；C. about关于；D. from来自。根据后文的“misfortune”可知，此处指霍金战胜了不幸，应用固定短语victory over，意为“战胜”。故选B项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是一个有趣的人。在这个残疾的身体里，充满了对生活的热爱。A. energy能量；B. appreciation欣赏；C. love爱；D. blessing祝福。根据前文“He was a fun loving guy”可知，霍金是一个有趣的人，再结合后文“for life”可知，霍金热爱生活。故选C项。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yuan Longping, 1 (know) as the “father of hybrid rice”, was one of China’s most famous scientists. He was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue 2 career in science or medicine. However, 3 concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious 4 (short) of food to eat. 5 (tackle) this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. After graduating in 1953, he worked 6 a researcher, realising that larger fields were not the 7 (solve). Instead, farmers needed 8 (boost) yields in the fields they had. 9 this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was 10 (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 【答案】 1. known 2. a 3. what 4. shortage 5. To tackle 6. as 7. solution 8. to boost 9. Whether 10. convinced 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平经历。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰Yuan Longping，Ybe known  as被称为、熟知为……，此处省略be，用过去分词形式。故填known。 2. 考查冠词。句意：他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的事业。根据句意以及空后career为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一种事业”，结合career为首音节辅音单词，所以为不定冠词a的填入。故填a。 3. 考查主语从句。句意：然而，最让他担心的是农民经常收成不好，有时甚至有严重的食物短缺。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语成分，意为“一些事情”，所以为连接代词what引导。故填what。 4. 考查固定短语。句意：然而，最让他担心的是农民经常收成不好，有时甚至有严重的食物短缺。此处为固定短语a shortage of“缺乏”，满足句意要求。故填shortage。 5. 考查动词不定式。句意：为了解决这一危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆西南农学院接受了教育。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语，满足句意要求。故填To tackle。 6. 考查介词。句意：1953年毕业后，他开始从事研究工作，意识到扩大研究领域并不能解决问题。此处为固定短语work as“担任；以……身份而工作”，所以为介词as的填入。故填as。 7. 考查名词。句意：1953年毕业后，他开始从事研究工作，意识到扩大研究领域并不能解决问题。由空前the为定冠词可知，此处为名词形式，且指一种解决办法，为单数概念，故填solution。 8. 考查动词不定式。句意：相反，农民需要提高他们的田地的产量。此处为固定短语need to do“需要去做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填to boost。 9. 考查主语从句。句意：能否做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。分析句子可知，设空处应为主语从句，结合句意可知，应为从属连词Whether表示“是否”，满足句意要求。故填Whether。 10. 考查形容词。句意：袁隆平相信，可以在杂交水稻的创造中找到答案。根据句意以及空前was系动词可知，此处为形容词convinced“确信的，信服的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填convinced。 五、书面表达 应用文写作 假定你是南山中学的高一学生李华，上周日你校举办了23届“马祖光杯”校园科技节活动。请给校英文报写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.活动目的和内容； 2.活动感受或收获。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The 23rd “Ma Zuguang Cup” Campus Science and Technology Festival ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The 23rd “Ma Zuguang Cup” Campus Science and Technology Festival Last weekend we witnessed an extraordinary activity organized by our school — the 23 rd “Ma Zuguang Cup” Campus Science and Technology Festival. The event kicked off with the aim of developing our scientific spirit and improving our creativity and practical operation skills. A variety of scientific and technological achievements designed by us students from our school and some other friendly schools were on show in the exhibition areas. Some students actively participated in corresponding competitions where creative ideas shone like stars. What fun it was. Not only did the festival broaden our horizons but also captured our genuine interest in science and technology. The activity was really met with widespread enthusiasm and even made the headlines in the local newspaper. 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校英文报写一篇短文投稿，介绍上周日学校举办的23届“马祖光杯”校园科技节活动，介绍活动目的和内容，以及活动感受或收获。 【详解】1.词汇积累 目睹：witness → see 非凡的：extraordinary → remarkable 目的：aim → purpose 改进：improve → upgrade 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Last weekend we witnessed an extraordinary activity organized by our school — the 23 rd “Ma Zuguang Cup” Campus Science and Technology Festival. 拓展句：Last weekend we witnessed an extraordinary activity — the 23 rd “Ma Zuguang Cup” Campus Science and Technology Festival, which was organized by our school . 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Last weekend we witnessed an extraordinary activity organized by our school — the 23 rd “Ma Zuguang Cup” Campus Science and Technology Festival.(运用了过去分词organized作后置定语) 【高分句型2】Some students actively participated in corresponding competitions where creative ideas shone like stars.(运用了where引导的限制性定语从句) 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jack was a promising graphic artist (平面造型艺术家). He’d been searching for a suitable job for a long time. He failed many times; though he was a bit upset, he didn’t give up sending out his resumes. One day he received a phone call, telling him about an opening for a graphic artist at a company in Manchester and asking him to attend the interview on Friday. Hearing this, Jack was really excited. He spent a large amount of time making preparations, including brushing up on his graphic skills and carrying out research on the company online, and finally booked a coach ticket to Manchester. On Thursday afternoon, Jack boarded the coach. The passenger next to him was a young man. They had a delightful conversation, and Jack discovered that his fellow passenger, named John, was also a graphic artist living in the city. Upon reaching their destination, they stayed in the same hotel and continued their lively discussion late into the night. Their topics were related to their major and interests. Generally, they had a lot in common, and naturally, they became friends. Most importantly, John gave him a lot of advice on his interview. Jack was impressed by John’s professional knowledge. The next day, they exchanged contact information before they parted. To Jack’s surprise, he came across John at the company. John greeted him with a smile and said, “I didn’t want the thought of competing against you to ruin our trip because they need only one graphic artist. Therefore, I didn’t mention that I would come for an interview at the company, or else, we couldn’t have had enjoyable chats.” He continued, “Anyway, I wish you good luck today.” What John said touched Jack deeply. “Thank you, John! All the best!” said Jack. Half an hour later, John left, while Jack was told to stay there a little longer. Paragraph 1: Due to his full preparations, Jack finished his interview smoothly. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Hearing that Jack had got the job, John congratulated him sincerely over the phone. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Paragraph 1: Due to his full preparations, Jack finished his interview smoothly. The interviewers were impressed by his detailed knowledge about the company and the job. As he walked out of the office, Jack felt a wave of relief and excitement. Later that afternoon, he received a call offering him the position. Overjoyed, he immediately called his family to share the good news. Then, with mixed feelings, he called his new friend John and thanked him for his advice and invaluable support. Deep inside, Jack wanted to do something to support John. Paragraph 2: Hearing that Jack had got the job, John congratulated him sincerely over the phone. He expressed great admiration for Jack’s ability, stressing how his talent had finally been recognized. Then John said he would attend an interview at another company. Jack was truly excited. Knowing firsthand the challenges that came with job-hunting, he instructed John to make careful preparations and practice some interview questions. With Jack’s help, John felt more confident about his upcoming interview. Their friendship turned into a supportive partnership, each willing to see the other succeed. 【语篇解读】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了平面造型艺术家Jack四处求职无果后，终于得到一家曼彻斯特公司的面试机会，在去面试途中结识同行John，二人结友，面试前John的坦诚令Jack动容。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句 “由于准备充分，杰克顺利地完成了面试。”可知，第一段可描写Jack收到录用通知，非常开心，他与John分享喜悦并感恩对方。 ②由第二段首句 “听说杰克得到了这份工作，约翰在电话里真诚地祝贺他。”可知，第二段可描写John祝贺Jack，Jack凭借自身经验帮助John，两人友谊在困难求职路上得到升华。 2. 续写线索：面试顺利，收到录用——感恩John——John祝贺——Jack助力John——友谊升华 3. 词汇激活： 行为类： ①录用：offer the position/hire/give the job ②祝贺：congratulate/show congratulations ③准备：make preparations/get ready/prepare oneself 情绪类： ①激动：overjoyed/excited/thrilled ②自信：confident/self-assured 【点睛】 [高分句型1]As he walked out of the office, Jack felt a wave of relief and excitement. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2]Knowing firsthand the challenges that came with job-hunting, he instructed John to make careful preparations and practice some interview questions. (运用了现在分词短语作状语和that引导的定语从句) ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用与常见的科学这一主题相关的词汇、语法等知识； 文化意识：感受中外科学家的优秀品质,精神,相同点和不同点； 思维品质：引导学生认识科学的两面性； 学习能力：完成一份校园科学节的设计方案；完成一份事实档案,简要介绍一位科学家的生平。 单元知识点 单元单词 1. intend vt. & vi. 打算，计划，想要；意指 [教材原文]In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年，屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。 (1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 be intended for 专供……使用；为……打算(或设计)的 intend (that) +从句 have intended to do (＝intended to have done) 本打算做而实际未做 (2)intention n. 意图；目的 with the intention of... 打算…… 2. limited adj. 有限的 [教材原文]However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而，因为研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物进行大量试验。 (1)limit v. 限制；限定 n. 限定；限度 limit...to... 把……限制在……内 be limited to... 局限于…… beyond the limit 超过限度 without limit 无限制地 within limit 在一定范围内 set a limit to/on 设定……的限度 3. postpone vt. 延迟，延期 [教材原文]The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 因为他们没有充足的安全性数据，在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟。 postpone sth. to/until... 推迟……到…… postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事 4. involve vt. 牵涉，影响；包含；(使)参加 [教材原文]I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science？” 我不得不问自己：“科学里是不是有罪恶？” (1)involve doing sth. 包括/需要做某事 involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事 (2)involved adj. 有关联的；复杂难解的 be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联 [名师点津] involved作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同： the people involved所涉及的人 an involved issue复杂的话题 5. credit n. 赞扬，认可；信用；贷款，赊欠；学分 vt. 存入金额；把……归于 [教材原文]Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. 当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。 to one's credit为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下 get/receive credit for 因为……而得到赞扬 do sb. credit＝ do credit to sb. 使某人值得赞扬或表扬 on credit 赊欠；分期付款 6. apply vt. & vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关 [教材原文] Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. 科学知识是一种使人能够做好事或坏事的力量，但它不提供如何应用它的指导。 (1)apply for 申请 apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请 apply sth. to sth. 把……应用到…… apply oneself to 致力于 apply to sb./sth. 有关于…… (2)application n. 申请；应用；敷用 (3)applied adj. 应用的 (4)applicant n. 申请者 7. permit vt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n. 许可证 [教材原文]Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure. 允许我们质疑、怀疑、不确定。 (1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit (one's) doing sth. 允许某人做某事 if time permits 如果时间允许 weather permitting 天气允许的话 (2)a fishing/parking permit 钓鱼/停车许可证 apply for a permit 申请许可证 (3)permission n. 允许，许可 have permission to do sth. 获得许可做某事 ask (for) permission 请求许可 get permission 获得许可 without permission 未经许可 8. responsibility n. 责任，负责；职责，义务 [教材原文]It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值；有责任教育人们不必害怕疑惑，而要欢迎疑惑、讨论疑惑；有责任强烈要求这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。 (1)a sense of responsibility责任感 take responsibility for ... 对……负责 It is one's responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责。 (2)responsible adj. 负责的，有责任的 be responsible for 对……负责；是……的原因 be responsible for和be responsible to的区别： be responsible for+sth. be responsible to+sb. 9. declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 [教材原文]It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值；有责任教育人们不必害怕疑惑，而要欢迎疑惑、讨论疑惑；有责任强烈要求这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。 (1)declare that... 宣布…… declare ...to be... 将……宣布为…… declare independence from 宣布摆脱……独立 declare war on... 向……宣战 declare oneself to be... 宣称自己…… declare for/against ... 声明支持/反对…… (2)declaration n. 声明，宣告 单元短语 1. refer to查阅，参考；提到，谈及；指代 [教材原文]When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 当它们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。 (1)refer to a dictionary 参考字典 (2)refer to...as... 把……称为…… 2. speed up (使)加速 [教材原文]To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 为了加快进程并确保它的安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上实验青蒿提取物。 speed by (时间)飞逝 at a speed of以……的速度 at high/low/full/top speed以高速/低速/全速/最高速 gain/gather/pick up speed加速 3. pay off成功，奏效，达到目的；还清 [教材原文]The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 (1)pay off the debt还清债务 pay off the loan还清贷款 (2)pay back偿还；回报；报答 pay for支付……的钱；为……付出代价 4. let sb. down使某人失望 [教材原文]Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. 我们从不担心答案会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 let alone 更不用说 let...alone 不要碰，不干涉 let go of＝let sb./sth. go 放开；释放某人；放过某事 let...in 让……进来；放进 let out 结束；散场；使某人解脱；发出叫声等；加宽，放大衣服等 5. put forward 提出，提议，建议 [教材原文]He put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859. 他提出了自然选择的进化理论，并于1859年发表了《物种起源》。 put up 竖起，建造；张贴 put away 放好；储存 put aside 把……放在一边 put back 放回原处 put down 放下；写下；平定 put off 拖延；推迟 put on 穿上；上演 put out 扑灭 put up with 忍受，容忍 单元句型 1.序数词+动词不定时 [教材原文]Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 (1)“the+序数词+名词+不定式”表示“第几个做……的”，其中不定式作后置定语。 (2)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，通常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3)修饰词被形容词最高级或the only, the very，the next, the last等修饰时，多用不定式作后置定语。 (4)抽象名词ability, attempt, chance, promise, reason, time, way等后常用不定式作定语。 2.with的宾语补足语 [教材原文]Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. 然而，即使有大量的青蒿提取物被制造出来，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。 with复合结构在句中作状语或定语，其构成为： 【巩固练习】 I.请根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1. These examples are used to ________(说明,解释) the bad impact of climate change. 2. Risk­taking is a means of ________(生存,幸存) and brings higher returns to humans. 3. They could suddenly afford to buy ________(家用的) goods thanks to a flood of imports from another country. 4. It was really annoying. I couldn’ t get access to the ________(数据) bank you had recommended. 5. Conventional ________(智慧) has it that we should save some money for rainy days when we have a lot in hand. 6. He wants to buy the books in quantity, so the storekeeper will not ________(收费) him much. 7. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct procedure in ________(申请) for a visa. 8. Some local ________(官方) and voluntary organizations also run workshops for disabled (残疾的) people. 9. Love will always be a topic of universal interest regardless of race, religion or ________(国籍). 10. The highest possible stage in ________(道德的) culture is when we recognize that we ought to control our thoughts. II.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 refer to; speed up; through trial and error; by accident; with a bang; let sb. down; take it for granted; put forward 1. He ________________ quite a few global issues in his lecture about the international situation. 2. Recent studies tell us that learning is enhanced ________________. 3.The pianist ranked first in the national competition and years of hard work finally ________________. 4. The questions ________________ at the meeting are of vital importance. 5. Some of us always ________________ that our parents should take care of us. III.单句写作 1.他是第一个想到这个主意的人。(序数词+不定式) ________________________________________________________ 2.把这篇文章翻译成英语很困难。( It is +adj.+to do) ________________________________________________________ 3.利奥匆匆赶到那里,结果却发现他们都出去了。 (find+宾语+宾语补足语) ________________________________________________________ 4.总体来看,这个项目将对该地区大有好处。(be of +名词) ________________________________________________________ 单元语法 动词过去分词作定语，状语和宾语补足语 一、动词ed形式作定语 1. 前置定语 单个的动词ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。 2. 后置定语 作后置定语的动词ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。 [名师点津]如要表示强调，单个动词ed形式也可以作后置定语。 3. 动词ed形式作定语和动词ing形式作定语的区别 动词ed形式作定语表示动作已完成，有时有被动意义，而动词ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行，有主动意义。 the risen sun 升起了的太阳 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水 developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家 fallen leaves 落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition 改变了的情况 changing condition 变化着的情况 二、动词ed形式作状语 1. 表示时间 动词ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 [名师点津]有时动词ed形式前可加连词when或while等词来强调时间概念。 2. 表示原因 动词ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 3. 表示条件 动词ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 4. 表示让步 动词ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 [名师点津]为了使动词ed形式表示的条件、让步意义更加明显，可以加上适当的连词。 5. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明 动词ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。 [名师点津]　当动词ed形式作状语和动词ing形式的被动式作状语时，并没有多大的区别，可以互换。 三、动词ed形式作宾语补足语 1. 在感官动词 see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find 后作宾语补足语。 2. 在使役动词 get, have, make, leave, keep 等后作宾语补足语。 (1)动词ed形式作get的宾语补足语。 [名师点津]动词 get 后面也可接动词不定式或动词ing形式作宾语补足语，此时，动词和宾语是主动关系。 (2)动词ed形式作make的宾语补足语。 [名师点津]动词 make 后的宾语补足语可用不带 to 的动词不定式或动词ed形式，但不可用动词ing形式。 【误】Can you make the students understanding the text? 【正】Can you make the students understand the text? 【正】Can you make the text understood by the students?你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？ (3)动词ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。 3. 动词ed形式也可用在 with (without)结构中，作介词的宾语补足语。 4. 在某些动词如 want, need, prefer, would like 等后面，作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”后，就成了动词ed形式作宾语补足语。 【巩固练习】 (1)Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially ________(design) to help them succeed academically and personally. (2)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________(spend) with his students. (3)________(inspire) by those players, Jake hoped to join his school’s football team. (4)Such knowledge is still useful when ________(apply) to similar situations in other countries. (5)On Teachers’ Day, each teacher received a nice present, with a poem ________(attach) to it. (6)The boy slid out of his room, ________(follow) by his pet dog. (7)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________(hide) within the work. (8)Yesterday, I sat with my son Shepherd, ________(determine) to test my own theory on this. (9)Be especially careful of the description ________(contain) in advertisements. (10)To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study ________(conduct) in Australia in 2021. (11)Ordinary soap, ________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. (12)It is one of the funniest things ________(find) on the Internet so far this year. (13)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ________(lay) for a meal to be cooked. (14)A great number of students ________(question) said they were forced to practice the piano. (15)If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly ________(suppose). 单元写作 为学校科技节写一个计划 本单元的写作任务是为学校科技节写一个计划。写此类短文需注意以下方面： 1. 活动的时间、地点、参加的人员及活动主题； 2. 活动的主要内容及代表性活动； 3. 收获或感想。 假定你是李华，想邀请你的英国朋友David 下周一参加你校举办的科技节，并欣赏学生们的科技小发明。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 发出邀请并介绍活动的时间和地点； 2. 活动的目的和内容； 3. 表达希望。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：科技小发明technology gadgets 写作迁移： 假设你是李华，你们学校要举行科技节。请根据以下要点为其写一个计划： 1. 科技节的主题：鼓励学生的创造性思维； 2. 在学校操场举行；届时有一些学生发明家出席； 3. 会展示很多有趣的实验。参加者会从中获益良多。 考点1 intend 的用法 1. The wildlife sanctuary intends ________(expand) its facilities to accommodate more rescued animals and provide better care. 2. We intended ________(start) the engine as soon as possible, but it failed to work. 3. He intends his son ________(manage) the company. 4. The book is intended for little children. It is popular with us. (同义句转换) →The book ________________________ is popular with us. (用定语从句) →The book ________________________ is popular with us. (用非谓语动词) 考点2 limited的用法 1. There is no limit ________ the age of participants in the club. 2. Long daytime naps (小睡) can affect nighttime sleep. If you choose to nap, limit yourself ________ 30 minutes. 3. It’s possible to overcome your ________(limit) and to achieve well beyond what you believe yourself capable of. 4. Some people advocated ________(limit) the number of cars on the main roads in this city. 5. They postponed ________(send) an answer to a request. 考点3 postpone的用法 1. The game has already been ________(postpone) three times. 2. Sometimes students postpone ________(do) their homework until the last minute. 考点4 responsibility 的用法 1. Everyone should bear the ________(responsible) of protecting the environment. 2. Looking out of the window, my mother complained about the ________(responsible) and cruel person who left his dog with us. 3. I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being ________(response) for a lot more. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4. Everyone in the team should shoulder his/ her own ________(responsible). 考点5 declare的用法 1. They will ask you to sign a ________(declare) allowing your doctor to disclose your health. 2. The instant the ceremony ________(declare) open, all the students in our school burst into cheers. 3. The government has ________(declare) war on drug dealers. 4. The Amazon rainforest ________(refer) to as the lung of the Earth. 考点6 refer to的用法 1. You can use these ________(refer) books, if necessary. 2. The book that the teacher referred ________ just now is said to be popular among students. 3. With ________(refer)to your advertised position,I have the pleasure to say that I am the just person you are asking for. 考点7 pay off的用法 1. Businesses should pay attention ________ customer feedback online to improve their products and services. 2. You would have to wait a long time to get________(pay). 3. In the end, his hard work ________(pay) off and he got promoted. 4. 玛丽想成为一名医生，她的坚持不懈终于得到了回报。(pay off) Mary wanted to become a doctor and ________________________. 考点8 put forward的用法 1. Put your watch forward; it’s five minutes slow. ________ 2. I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put him forward as a candidate. ________ 3. They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. ________ 4. Over the years several similar theories have been put forward. ________ 考点9 序数词+不定形式的用法 1. He was the first one ________(put) forward the creative idea. 2. 他总是吃苦在前，享乐在后。(动词不定式作定语，序数词)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 3. 军事使节甘英考查了波斯湾，成为第一个了解欧洲的中国人。(the+序数词(+名词)+不定式)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 考点10 过去分词作定语 1. I have recently challenged myself to take part in Happy Run, a sports event ________(intend) to  get more people involved in daily physical exercise. 2. Ignoring the danger, he rushed into the fire to rescue those ________(trap) in the house. 3. Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi ________(base) on martial arts skills. 考点11 过去分词作状语 1. ________(compare) with developing countries, developed countries consume more energy. 2. A table and two chairs at front centre. Grandfather and Father, ________(seat) at the table, are playing chess. 3. ________(engage) in science research for 40 years, he has made great contributions to his motherland. 考点12 过去分词作宾语补足语 1. The injured young man has to have meals ________(deliver) to his home. 2. I’ll call you back tomorrow morning when I get more ________. Don’t worry! You will be kept ________. (inform) 3. Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers ________(send) to his mother on her birthday. 一、阅读理解 China’s technique of growing Juncao, the herbal plant used in the growing of edible mushrooms, has contributed to global poverty reduction, agronomist Lin Zhanxi said at the Delegates’ Passage before the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on Oct.16, 2022. “We offer training at home and abroad, send our experts to teach local farmers, and we do serve them heart and soul as our brothers,” said Lin, the chief scientist of the National Juncao Technology Research Center and a professor at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, who discovered and shares this mushroom-growing technology beyond China for years. The technique was later promoted from East China’s Fujian province to other areas in the country and has even reached countries across the world. As a fungi (真菌) expert, Lin said he first came up with the idea of using Juncao grass instead of wood for producing mushrooms in the 1970s. In 1971, Lin was the first person to suggest the idea of cultivating edible fungi in chopped-up wild grass. After an investigation in rural areas in Fujian province in 1983, he decided to do research to put his idea into practice. At the end of 1986, Lin saw the first Juncao mushroom growing in his laboratory. Since then, Lin and his team have developed the technology by using 45 different kinds of grasses as Juncao fungi grass. Juncao moved 17,700 farmers out of poverty in Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui autonomous region. The technique has been promoted to 106 countries and regions around the world. Twenty years ago, villagers in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea began to learn this modern biological technology with the help of Chinese agronomists. After the experimental planting of Juncao grass was successful in Papua New Guinea, villagers shouted “Juncao, China!” to express their excitement, Lin said. Many people in the South Pacific, Latin America and African countries have shaken off poverty through growing Juncao grass and mushrooms, he added. More than 12,000 Chinese experts have been trained to promote the technique worldwide, contributing Chinese wisdom to the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, Lin said. 1. What is the most important contribution Juncao technology made to the world? A. It helped 17,700 farmers out of poverty. B. It promoted mushroom-growing technology. C. It is helping to reduce poverty in the whole world. D. It provided farmers worldwide with training chances. 2. Which of the following words can best describe Lin Zhanxi? A. Devoted and helpful. B. Generous and warm-hearted. C. Unselfish and independent. D. Honest and intelligent. 3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The developing process of Juncao technology. B. The investigation of Juncao technology. C. The promotion of Juncao technology. D. The theory of Juncao/technology. 4. What is the villagers’ attitude towards growing Juncao? A. Uncaring. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Opposing. 二、七选五 Born in London on 28 November 1772, Luke Howard was interested in the weather from an early age 1 He was instead easily distracted(分心) by the clouds he could see through the window. He started his career as a pharmacist, producing and sending out medicines for people. 2 He soon became an amateur meteorologist(业余气象学者). In 1802, Howard presented his research in a lecture to the Askesian Society, a club for people who were interested in science. At this point, meteorology hadn't progressed as much as other sciences, because it was difficult to take observations when the weather was always changing. To take his observations, Howard did sketches(草图) of the clouds as they moved and changed in the sky. 3 Howard suggested that although the shapes of clouds were changing, there were three basic types of clouds in the sky, to which he gave Latin names. 4 . The second was“cumulus”, meaning heap(一堆) or pile. And the third was “stratus”, meaning layer or sheet. He also introduced four other cloud types to recognize the changing clouds when they are joining together or breaking apart. In 1803, he published his research in a paper called “On the Modifications of Clouds”. After the publication of Howard's research, the field of meteorology continued to develop. Scientists now have a much greater understanding of weather patterns (模式) all around the world. 5 Professor Liz Bentley, Chief Executive of the Royal Meteorological Society, said, “His scientific work helped us understand our climate.” A. There are now 10 types of clouds. B. But his true passion was meteorology. C. But it was Howard's work that started it all. D. He couldn't stay focused when he was at school. E. This helped him to recognize the forms we know today. F. Howard's findings also inspired the artist John Constable. G. The first was called “cirrus”, which means tendril or hair in Latin. 三、完形填空 The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came as a great shock to the whole world. To his family, he was “a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy(遗赠) will 1 for many years”. His parents, both Oxford graduates, placed a high 2 on education and family members were often seen reading books at dinner. 3 known at school as “Einstein”, Hawking was not successful in study at f irst. With time, he began to show talents for scientif ic subjects and decided to read 4 at university. As mathematics was not available at Oxford then, Hawking chose physics instead. Diagnosed with a rare motor neuron disease(运动神经元病), Hawking eventually 5 a wheelchair. 6 shocked and bitter, Hawking continued his work in physics. After the loss of his 7 , he communicated through a speech-generating device, which 8 him to produce A Brief History of Time with the help of an assistant. Hawking once 9 how he felt when f irst informed of his disease, 10 that he would never realize his potential. “But now, 50 years later, I 11 be more satisfied with my life,” he said. Hawking also gained popularity 12 the science world and appeared in several TV shows. He was featured in the f ilm The Theory of Everything, which recorded his rise to honour and relationship with his f irst wife, Jane. Professor James Hartle, who once worked with him, praised his unique ability to see through all the clutter(混乱) in physics and get to the 13 . “My memory of him would be first as a scientist and, second, as a human being whose story is a victory 14 misfortune, which inspired a lot of people.” Professor Jim Al-Khalili pictured Hawking as a humorous person. “He was a fun loving guy. Inside that disabled body was someone full of 15 for life,” he said. 1. A. live on B. hold on C. hang on D. catch on 2. A. judge B. request C. value D. standard 3. A. Unless B. When C. Although D. Because 4. A. physics B. mathematics C. science D. chemistry 5. A. brought in B. resulted in C. ended in D. put in 6. A. Though B. Otherwise C. Indeed D. Even 7. A. movement B. speech C. sense D. writing 8. A. allowed B. forced C. encouraged D. got 9. A. recalled B. fancied C. addressed D. commented 10. A. declaring B. assuming C. determined D. arguing 11. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 12. A. within B. around C. towards D. outside 13. A. destination B. point C. meaning D. conclusion 14. A. with B. over C. about D. from 15. A. energy B. appreciation C. love D. blessing 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yuan Longping, 1 (know) as the “father of hybrid rice”, was one of China’s most famous scientists. He was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue 2 career in science or medicine. However, 3 concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious 4 (short) of food to eat. 5 (tackle) this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. After graduating in 1953, he worked 6 a researcher, realising that larger fields were not the 7 (solve). Instead, farmers needed 8 (boost) yields in the fields they had. 9 this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was 10 (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 五、书面表达 应用文写作 假定你是南山中学的高一学生李华，上周日你校举办了23届“马祖光杯”校园科技节活动。请给校英文报写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.活动目的和内容； 2.活动感受或收获。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The 23rd “Ma Zuguang Cup” Campus Science and Technology Festival ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jack was a promising graphic artist (平面造型艺术家). He’d been searching for a suitable job for a long time. He failed many times; though he was a bit upset, he didn’t give up sending out his resumes. One day he received a phone call, telling him about an opening for a graphic artist at a company in Manchester and asking him to attend the interview on Friday. Hearing this, Jack was really excited. He spent a large amount of time making preparations, including brushing up on his graphic skills and carrying out research on the company online, and finally booked a coach ticket to Manchester. On Thursday afternoon, Jack boarded the coach. The passenger next to him was a young man. They had a delightful conversation, and Jack discovered that his fellow passenger, named John, was also a graphic artist living in the city. Upon reaching their destination, they stayed in the same hotel and continued their lively discussion late into the night. Their topics were related to their major and interests. Generally, they had a lot in common, and naturally, they became friends. Most importantly, John gave him a lot of advice on his interview. Jack was impressed by John’s professional knowledge. The next day, they exchanged contact information before they parted. To Jack’s surprise, he came across John at the company. John greeted him with a smile and said, “I didn’t want the thought of competing against you to ruin our trip because they need only one graphic artist. Therefore, I didn’t mention that I would come for an interview at the company, or else, we couldn’t have had enjoyable chats.” He continued, “Anyway, I wish you good luck today.” What John said touched Jack deeply. “Thank you, John! All the best!” said Jack. Half an hour later, John left, while Jack was told to stay there a little longer. Paragraph 1: Due to his full preparations, Jack finished his interview smoothly. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Hearing that Jack had got the job, John congratulated him sincerely over the phone. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 15 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$