强化练(9) 体裁专练(2)（word练习）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮

强化练(九)　体裁专练(2)(分值：30分) A (2024·江苏南通开学统考)Top figure skaters spin at such unbelievably fast speeds—as many as six revolutions per second—that it can make even audiences feel a little dizzy.Although they occasionally fall down upon landing，figure skaters mostly spin through the air without losing their balance.That's because they have conditioned their bodies and brains to stop that dizzying feeling. Kathleen Cullen，a professor at Johns Hopkins University，studies the vestibular(前庭的) system，which is responsible for our sense of balance and motion，and says spinning without falling from dizziness is an art perfected over time.At the start of their careers，skaters and other athletes feel dizzy when they spin around.But ultimately，they train their brains to better interpret that feeling. “Something really fundamental happens in the brain of people like dancers or skaters over lots of practice.And that's basically a change in the way the brain is processing information，” Cullen says.“When you spin around，you're activating the semicircular canals(半规管).They're filled with liquid and they're sensing your circular movement.But when you stop，the liquid has inertia and it tends to continue to move.They get a false sensation of movement.Over years of training，figure skaters' brains have adapted and learned to ignore this error.” Athletes also learn ways to reduce their dizziness.For example，focusing on a fixed reference or motionless object minimizes dizziness and loss of balance.“Ballet dancers often move their heads around during each turn to fixate on a visual reference.Similarly，at the end of the spin，athletes will focus on a specific spot on the wall to provide a fixed reference，” Cullen says. “The brain and the inner ear are in constant communication with the body and one another to achieve balance，” says Brigid Dwyer，an assistant professor of neurology at Boston University School of Medicine.“For most people，however，dizziness is only a potential issue during faster and more forceful activities，” Dwyer says.“Amazingly，when needed，our brains can be well adapted to the dizzying tasks we encounter.” 1．Why do figure skaters hardly feel dizzy after spinning in the air? A．They can maintain the balance well. B．They are in good physical condition. C．They have trained long periods for that. D．They are gifted at controlling their brains. 2．What does the underlined word “inertia” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．The force to make an object move faster. B．The force to get an object to start moving. C.The nature to change an object's original state. D.The nature to remain an object's original state. 3．What does Paragraph 3 focus on? A．Scientific analyses. 　B．Helpful perception. C．Practical examples. 　D．Amazing outcome. 4．What does Brigid Dwyer seem to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Dizziness exists in many dynamic activities. B．The brain can communicate with inner ears. C．Communication is vital to keeping balance. D．The brain can be used to dizziness over time. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了花样滑冰运动员在空中高速旋转而不会失去平衡的原因。 1．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“But ultimately，they train their brains to better interpret that feeling.”可知，花样滑冰运动员在空中旋转后几乎不会感到头晕是因为他们为此进行了长时间的训练。故选C。 2．D　[解析]词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“They're filled with liquid and they're sensing your circular movement.”和it tends to continue to move可知，当你停下来的时候，它倾向于继续移动，说明液体是有惯性的，所以可推知画线词意为“惯性”。故选D。 3．A　[解析]主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，本段的重点是对运动员的大脑处理信息的方式进行科学分析。故选A。 4．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Amazingly，when needed，our brains can be well adapted to the dizzying tasks we encounter.”可知，Brigid Dwyer表示随着时间的推移，大脑可以习惯头晕。故选D。 B (2024·广东顺德一模)Curiosity—the desire to know，to discover，to learn.Inspired by curiosity，humans are found everywhere on our planet，and beyond it in space.Yet according to human behaviourist and author of Curious，Ian Leslie，although we are all born curious，not all of us bring this into adulthood，and we can lose out as a result. As Leslie explains，curiosity shapes us from the start.By trying new things，we build knowledge，and want to know more.“We are born aware that we don't know stuff—we want to experience and discover.” However，the contrast between childhood and adulthood is clear.“We ask 40，000 questions a year between the ages of two and five，” says Leslie—around 110 each day; adults，in comparison，ask just 20. As we get older，we may feel hesitant about asking questions，believing this reveals gaps in our knowledge.We can become scared to share unconventional ideas for fear of criticism or misunderstanding.We can also be a victim of our success，as Leslie explains.“Once you've worked out how to do your job，then you don't feel curious anymore.The need to learn goes away—in a way，curiosity has done its job.But that doesn't mean you shouldn't cultivate it.” Leslie's tips for cultivating curiosity begin with spending time with the experts—children.“Talk to your kids，and try to answer those weird，difficult questions they have—like ‘What is air？’ This makes you think about things you've taken for granted—it reawakens your curiosity in what's around us and how we perceive the world.” So does finding what Leslie calls an ‘informal mentor’，through work or other circles，who is happy to share their expertise，from a skill，technology，to a field of learning.“Try to think of people the way children think of adults—as sources of secret knowledge，a great store of learning you can tap into，” says Leslie. Leslie also suggests creating a ‘spark file’—a digital or physical notebook in which you collect interesting thoughts.“Fill it with facts you've come across，sentences you like，insights that strike you.Let it be random.And let it build.Over time you'll build up a rich source of inspiration，and you'll think，‘Oh that's interesting，that relates to this ...’ And suddenly your mind starts firing away with new ideas and ways of thinking.” 5．According to Leslie，what happens as we get older? A．We gradually lose our natural curiosity. B．We are less aware of our knowledge gaps. C．We are unwilling to let others benefit from our ideas. D.We may think asking questions makes people foolish. 6．Which of the following sayings might Leslie agree with? A．A day's planning is best done at daybreak. B．In the eyes of a lover，Xi Shi will appear. C．A master can lead you to the door，but the rest is up to you. D．When three people walk together，one can surely be my teacher. 7．Which of the following is a characteristic of a ‘spark file’？ A．It is carefully organized. B．It can help people connect ideas. C．It only contains complete sentences. D．It can help people improve their memory. 8．What is the writer's aim in this passage? A．To prove Ian Leslie's arguments. B．To summarise Ian Leslie's viewpoint. C．To question Ian Leslie's conclusions. D．To introduce Ian Leslie's achievements. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类行为学家Ian Leslie关于好奇心的观点及如何培养好奇心的研究。 5．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据文章第三段可推知，Leslie认为，随着年龄的增长我们可能会逐渐失去天生的好奇心。故选A。 6．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Leslie's tips for cultivating curiosity begin with spending time with the experts—children.”可知，Leslie建议和孩子们在一起来培养好奇心。由此可推知，他会赞同D项“三人行，必有我师”。故选D。 7．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段首句及“Over time you'll build up ...ways of thinking.”可知，“火花文件”可以帮助人们把想法联系起来。故选B。 8．B　[解析]推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了Ian Leslie关于好奇心的观点。作者的目的是总结他的观点。故选B。 C (2024·江苏淮安一模)In 1999，John Smyth，a high­school teacher decided it was time to retire.Together with his wife Helen，he set off on a journey around Australia.But when they returned，John found he missed the classroom，so he spent another eight years doing casual teaching. Then he heard about a program known as Volunteers for Isolated Students' Education(VISE)，which pairs up energetic people with educational experience，usually retired teachers，with children whose schooling is largely done remotely，because they live too far away from towns and cities to attend regular schools.John grew up in the country and as a kid in the bush，he always dreamed of running with circus，but he didn't even have much chance to see the circus in person.Therefore he was immediately interested in the program and got a travelling post as a teacher with Stardust Circus. The lesson timetable was built around the kids' performance schedules.“The eight­year­old I tutored was an awesome gymnast who was part of the teeterboard(跷跷板) act，” he explains.“A big guy would jump on the other side，he would swing up in the air，do a couple of twirls(旋转) and land on his uncle's shoulders，and his uncle was standing on the boy's father's shoulders！” The circus still includes some animal acts，including lions，monkeys，horses，goats and pigs.John and his wife Helen found it extraordinary enough to sink into sleep to the sound of lions roaring，but one day the lion­trainer，Matt，gave him a very special privilege，inviting him to meet four 13­month­old lions in person.While it was understandably a little scary at first，for John it was a never­to­be­forgotten experience，which helped him realize his boyhood dream in his 75th year. 9．What can we know about the children in the Stardust Circus? A．They missed the classroom. B．Most of them lived downtown. C．They were dreaming of travelling. D．They were lacking in regular schooling. 10．What can we learn from the passage? A．John taught the gymnast to perform in the air. B.Teachers of the program had a flexible schedule. C.John's dream came true as a volunteer in the circus. D.The couple were fed up with the sound of lions roaring. 11．How did John probably feel after meeting the little lions? A．Scared. B．Excited. C．Calm. D．Regretful. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Running with Circus B．Missing Regular School C．Enjoying Retirement D．Travelling with Animals [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。退休教师John Smyth通过参加VISE项目，实现了儿时和马戏团一起巡演的梦想。 9．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句可知，孩子们无法上正规学校，他们的学业基本上是远程完成的，因此他们缺乏正规学校教育。故选D。 10．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 “John grew up in the country and ...as a teacher with Stardust Circus.”和最后一段中的“While it was understandably a little scary at first ...which helped him realize his boyhood dream in his 75th year.”可知，在马戏团里，John作为一名志愿者教师，他实现了儿时和马戏团一起巡演的梦想。故选C。 11．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可推知，John亲眼看到了狮子，这让他实现了小时候的梦想。因此在看到狮子后，他应该是很激动的。故选B。 12．A　[解析]标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了退休教师John Smyth通过参加VISE项目，实现了儿时和马戏团一起巡演的梦想。A项“与马戏团一起奔跑”适合作为文章标题。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$