强化练(2) 推理判断题(1)（word练习）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮

强化练(二)　推理判断题(1)(分值：30分) A (2024·江苏南通一模)Saving Us：A Climate Scientist's Case for Hope and Healing in a Divided World is one of the most important books about climate change to have been written.Katharine Hayhoe is a gifted public speaker and Saving Us is a follow­up to her awesome TED talk in 2018，“The most important thing you can do to fight climate change：talk about it”． One of the many refreshing aspects of this book is that Hayhoe recounts both her successes and her failures to communicate，through which she has gathered evidence about what works and what does not.Much of the book's advice is common sense，all backed up not just by Hayhoe's experience but also with convincing research by psychologists and social scientists. Hayhoe advises against trying to engage with a small minority，the “Dismissives”，who “angrily reject the idea that human­caused climate change is a threat; they are most receptive to misinformation and conspiracy theories(阴谋论)”．There is a warning that offering up more facts about climate change can actually increase polarisation among them. The book includes amusing examples of her encounters with the “Dismissives”，almost entirely older men—including an engineer who was unconvinced about the evidence but with whom she was able to establish mutual(相互的) respect through a shared passion for knitting(打毛线衣)—and is packed with inspiring accounts of how she has won over even the most suspicious of crowds.Her motto is “bond，connect and inspire”，which represents her approach of always looking for points of commonality. She also tells of a man who approached her after an event in London in 2019.He had been so inspired by her TED talk that he had started to speak to everybody he could in his neighborhood of Wandsworth.He showed her details of 12，000 conversations that had taken place as a result，claiming that they had helped to convince the council to declare a climate emergency and to switch investments from fossil fuels to renewable energy. And so，while it may feel difficult to influence the outcome of the COP26，Hayhoe's uplifting book makes a persuasive case that we can all do our bit to bring about success just by talking about the issue. 1．What does the book mainly focus on? A．Sharing climate communication tips. B．Teaching presentation skills with TED talks. C．Exploring critical thinking through literature. D.Promoting people's insight into climate change. 2．Which of the following best describes the advice in the book? A．Humorous but one­sided. B．Novel but contradictory. C．Serious and hard to follow. D．Well­based and workable. 3．How did Hayhoe win over the “Dismissives”？ A．By changing their political identity. B．By challenging their fundamental beliefs. C．By offering more facts about climate change. D.By seeking common ground built on a shared interest. 4．What does the author want to say by telling the story in Paragraph 5? A．World shift to clean energy is unstoppable. B．We should help people prepare for the climate crisis. C．Policymakers are less responsive to market changes. D.Conversations can influence climate decision­making. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。Hayhoe的书——《拯救我们：一位气候科学家在分裂的世界中寻求希望和治愈的案例》是有关气候变化的最重要的书籍之一。文章主要介绍了这本书。 1．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Saving Us: ...is one of the most important books about climate change to have been written.”和第二段中的“One of the many ...Much of the book's advice is common sense”可知，这本书主要分享了如何有效与人沟通气候变化问题的建议。故选A。 2．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Much of the book's advice ...by psychologists and social scientists.”可知，书中的这些建议是可行的；根据第四段中的“The book includes ...the most suspicious of crowds.”可知，这本书中充满了鼓舞人心的故事。由此可推知，这本书是有事实基础的，即有良好的基础，故选D。 3．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Her motto is ...looking for points of commonality.”可知，Hayhoe通过在共同爱好的基础上寻求共同点，来赢得“态度消极者”的支持。故选D。 4．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第五段和最后一段中“Hayhoe's uplifting book makes a persuasive case ...by talking about the issue.”可知，这个故事表明，这些对话帮助说服理事会宣布气候紧急状态并将投资从化石燃料转向可再生能源。由此可推知，作者通过第五段的故事表明对话可以影响气候决策。故选D。 B (2024·福建龙岩一模)On the streets of Manhattan and Washington，D.C.，in neighborhoods in Seoul and parks in Paris，ginkgo(银杏) trees are losing their leaves in reaction to the first gust of cold winter air.This leaf drop，gradual at first，and then sudden，carpets streets with golden，fan­shaped leaves.Scientists are documenting evidence of the event happening later and later，a possible indication of climate change.But the story of ginkgos is not the familiar one of human carelessness with nature. Thanks to fossils found in North Dakota，scientists found a ginkgo has genetically similar ancestors dating back 170 million years to the Jurassic Period.“It almost went extinct.Then humans rescued it and spread it around the world.It's such a great evolutionary(进化) and cultural story，” says Peter Crane，a ginkgo expert. One theory for the decline of the ginkgo species began 130 million years ago，when flowering plants began spreading.They grew faster and attracted more pollinators(传粉者) than ginkgos.“It's possible that ginkgos were elbowed out of the way，” says Crane.Already competing to survive，ginkgos began to disappear during the time of global cooling that began around 66 million years ago.By the time the last ice age ended 11，000 years ago，the remaining survivors were found in China. Ginkgo trees are smelly.“My guess is that they were eaten by animals that liked smelly things.They then passed through their body and grew，” says Crane.Those same seeds may have helped ginkgo find favor with humans 1，000 years ago.Once cleaned of their outer layer，ginkgo seeds are safe to eat.It's then，when the trees had long since disappeared elsewhere，that people in China may have begun planting them and eating their seeds.Then gradually ginkgos spread across the world.Now it's seemingly naturally resistant to insects and high levels of air pollution. Crane isn't worried about its future，though：The popularity of the species will help it survive.“Though its status in the wild may be difficult to access，it's a plant that's unlikely to ever go extinct，” he says. 5．What may have caused the further delay of ginkgo's leaf drop? A．The colder weather in winter. B．The protection from city councils. C．The global warming phenomenon. D．The careless interaction with humans. 6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The reasons why ginkgos almost died out. B．The advantages of ginkgos over other plants. C.The theories of experts for multiplying ginkgos. D.The competition between various flowering plants. 7．What might have contributed to ginkgos' survival? A．Their eatable seeds. B．Their unpleasant smell. C．The natural evolution. D．The careful planting. 8．How does Crane feel about ginkgos' future? A．Worried. B．Optimistic. C．Uncertain. D．Hopeless. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了银杏树的历史、特点、传播以及现状，通过科学家和专家的观点和研究来阐述银杏树在自然界和人类文化中的重要地位，同时也探讨了银杏树面临的一些挑战和未来发展的趋势。 5．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientists are documenting evidence of the event happening later and later，a possible indication of climate change.”可推知，全球变暖现象可能是导致银杏落叶时间进一步推迟的原因。故选C。 6．A　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第三段可知，本段主要讲述了银杏树几乎灭绝的原因，包括与其他植物的竞争以及全球变冷等因素。因此，本段的主要内容是关于银杏树几乎灭绝的原因。故选A。 7．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Those same seeds may have helped ...eating their seeds.”可知，银杏树能够生存下来，部分原因是银杏种子可供食用。故选A。 8．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Crane对银杏树的未来并不担忧，认为这个物种的受欢迎程度将有助于它的生存。由此推知，Crane对银杏的未来是乐观的。故选B。 C (2024·湖南衡阳二模)Omar Vazquez grew up in poverty on Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula.He watched his single mother struggle to put food on the table，and today the memory inspires him to help those in need.When an invasive(入侵的) seaweed called sargassum showed up on Mexico's Caribbean beaches，Omar looked past the matter of it all and saw an opportunity to help others. Sargassum is not dangerous，but it has an unpleasant smell and can become so thick that it keeps people from entering the water.Mexico has experienced record­setting amounts of the seaweed in recent years，and it has made its way to Florida's beaches as well.Experts say there could be as much as 100 tons of sargassum blocking Mexican shorelines in 2023. With tourism dollars at risk，officials and locals alike were eager to remove the seaweed，but only Omar saw its true potential.The professional gardener organized a beach clean­up that provided jobs for about 300 local families，but he knew there was more to do.Since people's attitude towards the seaweed reminded him of his own life experiences，he decided to become an agent(推动者) for change. When sargassum started arriving，everyone was complaining.“I wanted to make something good out of something everyone saw as bad，” Omar explained. In 2018，Omar found a way to turn sargassum into building blocks that he calls Sargablock.He creates these blocks by mixing 40% sargassum with other materials like clay，then putting them in a block­forming machine and baking them in the sun for days.The end result is an organic，sustainable，and ecologically friendly building material that experts say could last for 120 years. To date，Omar's company has used 700 tons of sargassum to build low­income housing for those in need.Omar said he would take on more projects，and donate more houses to single mothers like his own mom. 9．What can be learned from Paragraph 1? A．Omar's family often assisted people in need. B.Sargassum originated on the Caribbean beaches. C．Omar's experience in childhood has influenced him much. D．Omar has met a lot of generous people since he was young. 10．How did most people react to the increasing sargassum? A．They didn't take it seriously. B．They were anxious to clear it up. C．They viewed it as new materials. D．They were excited to see a grand scene. 11．Which words can best describe Omar? A．Honest and ambitious. B．Strong­willed and confident. C．Quick­thinking and humorous. D．Sympathetic and innovative. 12．What does the author mainly want to tell us through Omar's success? A．It's never too old to learn. B．Love shines every dark corner. C．Solutions can be obtained from problems. D．Heroes arise from humble beginnings. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。一种叫作马尾藻的入侵海藻对当地人们的生活产生了不好的影响，Omar Vazquez却看到了这种海藻的潜力，在帮助清理海藻的同时，决定把所有人都讨厌的东西变废为宝，最终把它变成了一种有机的、可持续的、生态友好的建筑材料。 9．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He watched his single mother struggle to put food on the table ...saw an opportunity to help others.”可知，Omar的童年经历对他影响很大。故选C。 10．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“With tourism dollars at risk，officials and locals alike were eager to remove the seaweed，but only Omar saw its true potential.”可知，他们急于清除日益增多的马尾藻。故选B。 11．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When an invasive ...saw an opportunity to help others.”和第三段中的“Since people's attitude towards the seaweed ...he decided to become an agent for change.”以及第五段可知，Omar积极帮助别人并且将马尾藻变成了环保的材料。由此推知，Omar是富有同情心和创新精神的人。故选D。 12．C　[解析]推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者想要通过Omar的成功告诉我们解决方案可以从问题中获得。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$