专题20 主谓一致和倒装句-2025届中考英语语法全面讲解

主谓一致和倒装句全面精讲 目录 主谓一致和倒装句全面精讲 1 主谓一致 1 一．概述 1 二．语法一致原则 1 易错总结 2 三．意义一致原则 3 易错总结 3 四．就近一致原则 3 主谓一致专项训练 4 倒装句 6 倒装句专项训练 6 中考真题专项训练 7 主谓一致 一．概述 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 二．语法一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 2.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice. 3.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。 Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health. The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. 4.both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both Peter and Mike come from England. 5.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Jack’s glasses are broken. Linda’s shoes are black and blue. 6.“a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of trees have been planted. The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120. 7.不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is everyone here? Something is wrong with my computer. I called last night,but nobody was in. 8.主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sunday. A teacher,together with some students,is standing at the gate. 9.主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。 This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed. 10.“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Two thirds of the work has been finished. Most of the books are written in English. 易错总结 1.what从句作主语时 ，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如： What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。 What she needs are good books.她需要的是一些好书。 2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each,every,many a,no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl has got a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。 三．意义一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。 His family isn’t large.His family are fond of watching sports programs. 2.有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。 The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me 3.“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The young are energetic. 4.某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。 Half of the work has been finished. Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time. 5.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Two pounds isn’t so heavy. Two months is a long holiday. Ten yuan is enough. Ten minus five is five. 易错总结 1.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如： The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。 The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。 2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。如： None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。 None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。 3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如： Most of her money is spent on clothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。 Half of the students watch TV twice a week.一半的学生一周看两次电视。 四．就近一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong. Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film. 2.Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。 Here are some books and paper for you. There is an orange and two apples on the plate. 主谓一致专项训练 一. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom and I (be) in the same class. 2. The singer and writer (talk) with foreign guests now. 3. Fish and chips (be) delicious. 4. Either you or I (be) mad. 5. Neither you nor he (be) right. 6. Not only the planets but also the earth (move) round the sun. 7. There (be) a car and three buses outside. 8. Mr. Turner together with his friends _just (arrive)in Beijing. 9. To read English loud _____ (be) very important. 10. Reading (be) is a good way. 二、填空题 1.There 　　　(be)many things to enjoy about traveling, including the natural beauty and delicious food.  2.The best things in life 　　　(be)free, like smiles, love and good memories.  3，A recent study 　　　(suggest)that what we are used to doing is not that good.  4.A good hobby a　　　(增加)a lot of fun to our spare life.  5.My mother with her friends often　　　(go) shopping on weekends.  6.Grandpa　　　(wear)glasses when he reads.  7.Doing eye exercises　　　 (be)one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.  8.Neither Tony nor I 　　　 (be)interested in playing Weibo.  9.Li Lei is interested in English and he 　　　(watch)BBC News every day.  10.—What would you like,coffee or tea? —Either 　　　 (be)OK. I don’t mind.  三、单项选择 1.There 　　　 a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.  A.is B.are C.be 2.Not only Jack but also I 　　　 crazy about the football match.  A.am B.is C.are D.be 3.Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary　　　to Beijing.  A.have been　 B.have gone　　　 C.has been 4.There 　　　 an amusement park near my home. I often see children play there.  A.am B.is C.are D.be 5.Neither the headmaster nor the teachers　　　 take a vacation next week.  A.were going to B.is going to C.was going to D.are going to 6.Let’s save pandas!There 　　　 only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now. 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 A.am B.is C.are 7.Neither Tom nor I　　　interested in playing WeChat.  A.am B.is C.are D.be 8.We all know that one of the world’s most popular sports 　　　 football.  A.am B.is C.are 9.Not only my parents but also my sister 　　　 crazy about the TV play In the Name of People.  A.is B.are C.have been 倒装句 结构 例句 1.so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，意为“也是如此”) —Tom has ever been to China.汤姆曾经到过中国。 —So has Mike.迈克也去过。 2.neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，表否定) —Li Ping wasn’t late for school this morning.李平今天上午没有上学迟到。 —Neither was Tom.汤姆也没有。 3.so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词(主语是同一个人，意为“的确如此”) —He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times.在电话铃响很多次后他继续看电视。 —So he did.的确如此。 4.Here/There+谓语动词+名词主语 Here/There+代词主语+谓语动词 Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 Here it is.它在这里。 倒装句专项训练 1．—I never drink coffee． —________. A．So do I B．So did I C．Neither did I D．Neither do I 2．—Tom, I’m watching a football match．What about you? —_________. A．So do I． B．So am I． C．So I do. D．So I am. 3. —It’s terribly cold today，isn’t it? —Yes．________ yesterday． A．So it was B．So was it C．So it is D．So is it 4. —______ a nice day! — ______. A. How; So is it B. What; So is it C. What; So it is D. How, So it is 5. —I have never been to Hawaii. What about Mike? —_______. A. So has he B. So he does C. Neither he has D. Neither has he 6. Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you don’t go, ______. A. so do I B. neither do I C. neither will I D. so will I 中考真题专项训练 A.选择填空 1．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age. A．has; is B．eats; are C．eat; is 2．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 3．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country. A．are B．is C．was 4．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best? —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan. A．are B．is C．were D．was 5.(2023甘肃)There 　　　 a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it.  A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.was　　　 D.were 6.(2022贵州毕节)Neither Saturday nor Sunday 　　　OK because I will be busy these two days.  A.are　　　 B.is　　　 C.am　　　 D.be 7.(2021黑龙江绥化)This pair of socks 　　　soft. I'll take 　　　.   A.feel;it　　　　　 B.feels;it　　　 C.feels;them 8.(2021黑龙江绥化)She will fly to Haikou as soon as she 　　　 the task.   A.finish　　　　　 B.finishes　　　 C.finished 9.(2021新疆,31)There　　　an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it?  A.are going to be　　 B.was C.will be　　 D.were 10.(2020贵州贵阳,39改编)As we all know, using serving chopsticks 　　　necessary when we eat with others.  A.is　　 B.are C.was　　 D.were 11.(2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔,9改编)To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their head teacher 　　　going to the party this evening.  A.was　　 B.are C.is　　 D.were B、语法填空 A.（2024湖南） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I work at a most popular restaurant in my hometown. I love working here as a member of a fantastic team. People here are very 1 （friend） and hard-working. I started by washing dishes when I was only 18. I worked hard, and soon became 2 waiter. Simon, who was head chef（主厨） then, began to show 3 （I） how to cook. I loved it so much and I 4 （go） to college to learn more. When Simon left the restaurant, I became head chef. At the time all the food was traditional. The quality（品质） was good, but I wanted to do something different, so I decided 5 （have） a different menu. Now we serve food from all over the country. There are many markets and food shops here. I can 6 （usual） find any ingredient（配料） I need. I use a lot of natural food. Some people think it is not so delicious, 7 I don’t agree. Well-prepared natural food has a 8 （good） taste than fast food. Our food is healthy and most customers love it. We use the best meat and the freshest vegetables. At the weekend we play many 9 （kind） of music. There’s also a special menu 10 children on Saturdays and that’s when we serve traditional food. 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一家餐馆工作的情况。作者从一名服务员成长为主厨，带领团队研制健康美味的菜品。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“做人与做事”这一主题群，涉及子主题“职业启蒙，职业精神”。 B（2024长沙） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese New Year is a great celebration. It 1 （mark） the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits 2 each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special 3 （meaning）. They represent（象征） the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. Orchids（兰花） come in many colors, but many people like purple and red ones for Chinese New Year. They are believed 4 （represent） love and beauty. Orchids say, “Wish you to be 5 （luck）, successful and happy.” During the holiday period, this plant is a must. Peonies（牡丹） are like soft clouds in pink, red and white. They are beautiful and can brighten up someone’s day. Red peonies 6 （give） to people to show love and care. Peonies say, “You are special to me.” They are also a symbol of wealth and 7 （rich）. Kumquats（金橘）, with 8 （they） golden color, are a symbol of wealth and luck. The Chinese word for “kumquat” sounds like “gold orange”, which connects kumquats with richness. This small fruit tree is often presented in pairs. The apple, with its bright colors 9 round shape, represents peace and harmony（和谐）. In fact, the word for “apple” in Chinese sounds like “peace”. 10 （certain）, apples make great gifts. 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国人在春节喜欢送的几种花和水果的寓意。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“历史、社会与文化”这一主题群，涉及子主题“世界主要国家的文化习俗与文化景观、节假日与庆祝活动”。 C（2024山东临沂） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hi Alice, How are you? I want to tell you about my trip to the city space museum two days ago. I have never been there before so I was 1 （excite）! I was taking care of my little sister and she was bored so I said, “We are going on an 2 （usual） experience!” When we arrived, we started to explore（探索）. The space museum is very large and full of interesting and exciting objects 3 （touch）. The first room you enter looks like deep space. There is information about different planets with a quiz（知识竞赛） at the end. The 4 （win） has a chance to invent a name for a planet—that’s exciting, isn’t it? The 5 （two） room looks like the inside of a spaceship. You can touch an astronaut’s spacesuit（宇航服）. It looks really heavy! I don’t know how an astronaut can wear it. It looks a little old. I don’t know when it 6 （make）, either. And you can see where the astronauts prepare their food. Did you know they use a knife, fork and spoon to eat? I didn’t. I thought it was all in bags. We were looking at the oven from the spaceship when my sister 7 （tell） me she was hungry. So we went to have a snack. They were preparing a pizza（比萨饼） in the restaurant and the smell of food always makes me hungry so we had a piece of pizza! It was delicious. While we 8 （eat） a pizza, they were baking（烘焙） biscuits, so we ate some. Don’t worry! We have bought some 9 you—you will love them! They look like rockets and taste like honey! After lunch, we explored more of the museum 10 stayed for the rest of the day. They were turning off the lights when we left! Have you ever been to a museum? See you soon! Helen 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 主谓一致和倒装句全面精讲 目录 主谓一致和倒装句全面精讲 1 主谓一致 1 一．概述 1 二．语法一致原则 1 易错总结 2 三．意义一致原则 3 易错总结 3 四．就近一致原则 3 主谓一致专项训练 4 倒装句 6 倒装句专项训练 6 中考真题专项训练 7 主谓一致 一．概述 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 二．语法一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 2.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice. 3.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。 Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health. The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. 4.both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both Peter and Mike come from England. 5.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Jack’s glasses are broken. Linda’s shoes are black and blue. 6.“a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of trees have been planted. The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120. 7.不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is everyone here? Something is wrong with my computer. I called last night,but nobody was in. 8.主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sunday. A teacher,together with some students,is standing at the gate. 9.主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。 This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed. 10.“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Two thirds of the work has been finished. Most of the books are written in English. 易错总结 1.what从句作主语时 ，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如： What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。 What she needs are good books.她需要的是一些好书。 2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each,every,many a,no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl has got a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。 三．意义一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。 His family isn’t large.His family are fond of watching sports programs. 2.有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。 The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me 3.“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The young are energetic. 4.某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。 Half of the work has been finished. Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time. 5.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Two pounds isn’t so heavy. Two months is a long holiday. Ten yuan is enough. Ten minus five is five. 易错总结 1.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如： The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。 The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。 2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。如： None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。 None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。 3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如： Most of her money is spent on clothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。 Half of the students watch TV twice a week.一半的学生一周看两次电视。 四．就近一致原则 使用情况 例句 1.由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong. Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film. 2.Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。 Here are some books and paper for you. There is an orange and two apples on the plate. 主谓一致专项训练 一. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom and I (be) in the same class. 2. The singer and writer (talk) with foreign guests now. 3. Fish and chips (be) delicious. 4. Either you or I (be) mad. 5. Neither you nor he (be) right. 6. Not only the planets but also the earth (move) round the sun. 7. There (be) a car and three buses outside. 8. Mr. Turner together with his friends _just (arrive)in Beijing. 9. To read English loud _____ (be) very important. 10. Reading (be) is a good way. 1. are 2. is talking 3. is 4. am 5. is 6. moves 7. is 8. has arrived 9. is 10. is 二、填空题 1.There 　　　(be)many things to enjoy about traveling, including the natural beauty and delicious food.  答案　are 　many things为复数,故谓语动词用复数。 2.The best things in life 　　　(be)free, like smiles, love and good memories.  答案　are 　主语the best things为复数,故谓语动词用其复数形式are。 3，A recent study 　　　(suggest)that what we are used to doing is not that good.  答案　suggests　句意:一项最新研究表明,我们习惯做的事并不是那么好。根据语境可知设空处用一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数,因此设空处需要用第三人称单数形式。故答案为suggests。 4.A good hobby a　　　(增加)a lot of fun to our spare life.  答案　adds　句意:良好的爱好会给我们的业余生活增添许多乐趣。本题考查动词和主谓一致。主语A good hobby是第三人称单数形式,故动词add要加-s。 5.My mother with her friends often　　　(go) shopping on weekends.  答案　goes　句意:我妈妈经常和她的朋友们在周末去购物。时态为一般现在时,主语为My mother,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 6.Grandpa　　　(wear)glasses when he reads.  答案　wears　句意:当爷爷读书时,他戴着眼镜。本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。从句是一般现在时,所以主句也使用一般现在时,Grandpa为第三人称单数,故答案为wears。 7.Doing eye exercises　　　 (be)one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.  答案　is　句意:做眼保健操是保护我们眼睛的有用的方法之一。考查主谓一致。doing eye exercises为动名词短语,在句中作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 8.Neither Tony nor I 　　　 (be)interested in playing Weibo.  答案　am　句意:我和托尼对微博都不感兴趣。本题考查主谓一致。neither...nor...遵循“就近原则”,根据I,可知使用am。 9.Li Lei is interested in English and he 　　　(watch)BBC News every day.  答案　watches 　本题考查动词的时态。and连接并列成分,前后时态保持一致,由every day也可知此处用一般现在时,主语是he,应用watches。 10.—What would you like,coffee or tea? —Either 　　　 (be)OK. I don’t mind.  答案　is　句意:——你想要什么,咖啡还是茶?——任何一种都可以。我不介意。either表示两者中的任何一个,因此设空处要使用is。 三、单项选择 1.There 　　　 a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.  A.is B.are C.be 答案　A　句意:桌子上有一大碗饺子。本题考查主谓一致。There be句型中谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。此处的a large bowl of jiaozi是单数,应用is。故选A。 2.Not only Jack but also I 　　　 crazy about the football match.  A.am B.is C.are D.be 答案　A　句意:不但杰克对足球赛着迷,我也着迷。本题考查主谓一致。not only...but also...连接两个并列的主语,根据“就近一致”原则可知,本空应与主语“I”保持一致,故选A。 3.Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary　　　to Beijing.  A.have been　 B.have gone　　　 C.has been 答案　C　句意:除了Tom和Mary之外,我们班所有人都去过北京。此题考查主谓一致。have/has been to去过某地之后又回来了;have/has gone to去了某地尚未回来。主语Everyone为不定代词,用has。故选C。 4.There 　　　 an amusement park near my home. I often see children play there.  A.am B.is C.are D.be 答案　B　句意:在我家附近有一个游乐园。我经常看到孩子们在那儿玩。考查主谓一致。there be句型要遵循就近原则,主语是an amusement park,故be动词应该用单数。故选B。 5.Neither the headmaster nor the teachers　　　 take a vacation next week.  A.were going to B.is going to C.was going to D.are going to 答案　D　句意:下周校长和老师们都不去度假。含有neither...nor...结构的句子中谓语动词遵循就近一致原则;由时间状语next week可知用一般将来时,故选D项。 6.Let’s save pandas!There 　　　 only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now. 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 A.am B.is C.are 答案　C　句意:让我们拯救大熊猫吧!现在森林里仅幸存约2,000只大熊猫了。本题考查主谓一致。根据pandas,可知be动词用复数形式are。 7.Neither Tom nor I　　　interested in playing WeChat.  A.am B.is C.are D.be 答案　A　 句意:我和汤姆都对玩微信不感兴趣。本题考查主谓一致。本句中Neither Tom nor I作主语,谓语动词要与最近的主语I保持一致,故选A项。 8.We all know that one of the world’s most popular sports 　　　 football.  A.am B.is C.are 答案　B　句意:我们都知道世界上最流行的运动之一是足球。本题考查主谓一致。由从句中的主语one可知用is,故选B项。 9.Not only my parents but also my sister 　　　 crazy about the TV play In the Name of People.  A.is B.are C.have been 答案　A　句意:不但我的父母而且我的姐姐都对电视剧《人民的名义》着迷。本题考查主谓一致。not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。my sister为第三人称单数,故答案为A。 倒装句 结构 例句 1.so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，意为“也是如此”) —Tom has ever been to China.汤姆曾经到过中国。 —So has Mike.迈克也去过。 2.neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，表否定) —Li Ping wasn’t late for school this morning.李平今天上午没有上学迟到。 —Neither was Tom.汤姆也没有。 3.so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词(主语是同一个人，意为“的确如此”) —He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times.在电话铃响很多次后他继续看电视。 —So he did.的确如此。 4.Here/There+谓语动词+名词主语 Here/There+代词主语+谓语动词 Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 Here it is.它在这里。 倒装句专项训练 1．—I never drink coffee． —________. A．So do I B．So did I C．Neither did I D．Neither do I D。句意：——我从不喝咖啡。——我也是。本题考查倒装句。前面一种否定的情况也适合于另外的人或物，用“neither + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”倒装结构表示。故选D项。 2．—Tom, I’m watching a football match．What about you? —_________. A．So do I． B．So am I． C．So I do. D．So I am. B。 句意：——Tom，我正在看足球比赛。你呢?——我也是。此题考查so的倒装句。“so+助动词/情态动词/ be动词+主语”表示“……也一样”；“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词”表示“……的确如此”。 和动词speaks，可知B项为最佳答案。 3. —It’s terribly cold today，isn’t it? —Yes．________ yesterday． A．So it was B．So was it C．So it is D．So is it B。 句意：——今天太冷了，不是吗?——是的，昨天也很冷。由过去时态可知应排除C和D项；A表示“昨天的确很冷”，由句意可知此处应该表示情况和上述一样，故选B项。 4. —______ a nice day! — ______. A. How; So is it B. What; So is it C. What; So it is D. How, So it is 4. C。第一句是感叹句，由what 修饰名词a nice day，意为“多好的天！”。答语为“确实是”，无需倒装。 5. —I have never been to Hawaii. What about Mike? —_______. A. So has he B. So he does C. Neither he has D. Neither has he D。表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于后者时，则用Neither/Nor+连系动词/情态动词/助动词+另一主语。 6. Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you don’t go, ______. A. so do I B. neither do I C. neither will I D. so will I C。表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于后者时，则用Neither/Nor+连系动词/情态动词/助动词+另一主语,再由if引导的是条件状语从句是一般现在时表示将来的意义，主句要用一般将来时。 中考真题专项训练 A.选择填空 1．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age. A．has; is B．eats; are C．eat; is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在中国，许多过生日的人会用蜡烛吃蛋糕。蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。 考查主谓一致。a number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词也用复数，素以第一空用eat；The number of +名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，所以第二空用is。故选C。 2．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看！在这本书上有一些关于交通规则的信息。 考查be动词。此句是There be句型，主语是information，不可数名词，be动词用单数，描述事实，用一般现在时。故选A。 3．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country. A．are B．is C．was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你到国外旅游时，有礼貌是必要的。 考查主谓一致。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，be动词用is。故选B。 4．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best? —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan. A．are B．is C．were D．was 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这本书中有许多中国古诗。你最喜欢哪一个？——王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》。 考查主谓一致和时态。此处表示客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选A。 5.(2023甘肃)There 　　　 a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it.  A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.was　　　 D.were 答案　A　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空后的主语a big tree为单数,排除B、D选项,根据后面一句“You can see many birds in it.”可知,时态为一般现在时,故选A。 6.(2022贵州毕节)Neither Saturday nor Sunday 　　　OK because I will be busy these two days.  A.are　　　 B.is　　　 C.am　　　 D.be 答案　B　考查主谓一致。neither...nor...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与离它较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。在本句中,离谓语动词较近的名词为Sunday,是单数形式,所以谓语动词也用单数形式,故选B。 7.(2021黑龙江绥化)This pair of socks 　　　soft. I'll take 　　　.   A.feel;it　　　　　 B.feels;it　　　 C.feels;them 答案　C　考查主谓一致和代词。“a pair of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,因此第一空填feels,根据socks可知第二空填them。故选C。 8.(2021黑龙江绥化)She will fly to Haikou as soon as she 　　　 the task.   A.finish　　　　　 B.finishes　　　 C.finished 答案　B　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。as soon as“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句,主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,且从句主语为第三人称单数。故选B。 9.(2021新疆,31)There　　　an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it?  A.are going to be　　 B.was C.will be　　 D.were 答案　C　本题考查there be 句型。由this weekend和shall可知,此处应用一般将来时,所以排除B、D;an English show是单数,所以排除A,故选C。 10.(2020贵州贵阳,39改编)As we all know, using serving chopsticks 　　　necessary when we eat with others.  A.is　　 B.are C.was　　 D.were 答案　A　本题考查主谓一致和时态。在本句中,动名词短语using serving chopsticks作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。由语境可知,本句为一般现在时,故选A。 11.(2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔,9改编)To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their head teacher 　　　going to the party this evening.  A.was　　 B.are C.is　　 D.were 答案　C　本题考查主谓一致。主语由neither...nor...连接,根据“就近一致”原则,设空处需与their head teacher保持一致。且根据时间标志词this evening 可知应该使用一般将来时,故选C。 B、语法填空 A.（2024湖南） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I work at a most popular restaurant in my hometown. I love working here as a member of a fantastic team. People here are very 1 （friend） and hard-working. I started by washing dishes when I was only 18. I worked hard, and soon became 2 waiter. Simon, who was head chef（主厨） then, began to show 3 （I） how to cook. I loved it so much and I 4 （go） to college to learn more. When Simon left the restaurant, I became head chef. At the time all the food was traditional. The quality（品质） was good, but I wanted to do something different, so I decided 5 （have） a different menu. Now we serve food from all over the country. There are many markets and food shops here. I can 6 （usual） find any ingredient（配料） I need. I use a lot of natural food. Some people think it is not so delicious, 7 I don’t agree. Well-prepared natural food has a 8 （good） taste than fast food. Our food is healthy and most customers love it. We use the best meat and the freshest vegetables. At the weekend we play many 9 （kind） of music. There’s also a special menu 10 children on Saturdays and that’s when we serve traditional food. 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一家餐馆工作的情况。作者从一名服务员成长为主厨，带领团队研制健康美味的菜品。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“做人与做事”这一主题群，涉及子主题“职业启蒙，职业精神”。 [答案]1．friendly2．a3．me4．went5．to have6．usually7．but8．better9．kinds10．for [解析] 1．考查形容词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此空需要用形容词作表语，故填friendly。 2．考查冠词。根据句意可知此处表示泛指，意为“一名服务员”。waiter以辅音音素开头，故填冠词a。 3．考查代词。此空在动词show之后作宾语，表示“向我展示怎样烹饪”。故填me。 4．考查一般过去时。根据“I loved it so much and I...”可知此处指发生在过去的事情，故填go的过去式went。 5．考查动词的非谓语形式。decide to do sth.决定做某事。故填to have。 6．考查副词。句意：我通常能够找到任何我所需要的配料。空处修饰动词find，应用副词，故填usually。 7．考查连词。空处前后分句构成转折关系。故填连词but。 8．考查形容词比较级。根据句意及空后的than可知，此处填good的比较级better。 9．考查名词复数。根据空前的many可知，要填复数形式kinds。 10．考查介词。根据句意可知此处表示“一份给孩子们的特别菜谱”。故填for。 B（2024长沙） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese New Year is a great celebration. It 1 （mark） the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits 2 each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special 3 （meaning）. They represent（象征） the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. Orchids（兰花） come in many colors, but many people like purple and red ones for Chinese New Year. They are believed 4 （represent） love and beauty. Orchids say, “Wish you to be 5 （luck）, successful and happy.” During the holiday period, this plant is a must. Peonies（牡丹） are like soft clouds in pink, red and white. They are beautiful and can brighten up someone’s day. Red peonies 6 （give） to people to show love and care. Peonies say, “You are special to me.” They are also a symbol of wealth and 7 （rich）. Kumquats（金橘）, with 8 （they） golden color, are a symbol of wealth and luck. The Chinese word for “kumquat” sounds like “gold orange”, which connects kumquats with richness. This small fruit tree is often presented in pairs. The apple, with its bright colors 9 round shape, represents peace and harmony（和谐）. In fact, the word for “apple” in Chinese sounds like “peace”. 10 （certain）, apples make great gifts. 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国人在春节喜欢送的几种花和水果的寓意。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“历史、社会与文化”这一主题群，涉及子主题“世界主要国家的文化习俗与文化景观、节假日与庆祝活动”。 [答案]1．marks2．to3．meanings4．to represent5．lucky6．are given7．richness8．their9．and10．Certainly [解析] 1．考查动词的时态。由整篇文章可知使用一般现在时，此句的主语为it，谓语动词应为第三人称单数形式，故填marks。 2．考查介词。此处表示“相互赠送花卉和水果”，give sth. to sb.是固定搭配，故填to。 3．考查名词复数。meaning是可数名词，根据空前的many可知要用复数形式，故填meanings。 4．考查非谓语动词。sb./sth. be believed to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“某人/某事物被认为……”。故填to represent。 5．考查名词转化为形容词。根据空后的successful and happy可知，空处应该将luck变为形容词lucky，表示“幸运的”，故填lucky。 6．考查被动语态。该空在句中作谓语，主语Red peonies与give构成被动关系，且时态为一般现在时，故填are given。 7．考查形容词转化为名词。根据空前的a symbol of wealth and可知此处要用rich的名词形式，故填richness。 8．考查代词。根据句意及空后的名词短语golden color可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词，表示“他们的”。故填their。 9．考查连词。空前的bright colors与空后的round shape为并列关系，此处要用and连接两个并列成分。故填and。 10．考查形容词转化为副词。空处修饰整句话，应用副词，且放在句首，首字母应大写，故填Certainly。 C（2024山东临沂） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hi Alice, How are you? I want to tell you about my trip to the city space museum two days ago. I have never been there before so I was 1 （excite）! I was taking care of my little sister and she was bored so I said, “We are going on an 2 （usual） experience!” When we arrived, we started to explore（探索）. The space museum is very large and full of interesting and exciting objects 3 （touch）. The first room you enter looks like deep space. There is information about different planets with a quiz（知识竞赛） at the end. The 4 （win） has a chance to invent a name for a planet—that’s exciting, isn’t it? The 5 （two） room looks like the inside of a spaceship. You can touch an astronaut’s spacesuit（宇航服）. It looks really heavy! I don’t know how an astronaut can wear it. It looks a little old. I don’t know when it 6 （make）, either. And you can see where the astronauts prepare their food. Did you know they use a knife, fork and spoon to eat? I didn’t. I thought it was all in bags. We were looking at the oven from the spaceship when my sister 7 （tell） me she was hungry. So we went to have a snack. They were preparing a pizza（比萨饼） in the restaurant and the smell of food always makes me hungry so we had a piece of pizza! It was delicious. While we 8 （eat） a pizza, they were baking（烘焙） biscuits, so we ate some. Don’t worry! We have bought some 9 you—you will love them! They look like rockets and taste like honey! After lunch, we explored more of the museum 10 stayed for the rest of the day. They were turning off the lights when we left! Have you ever been to a museum? See you soon! Helen 这是一封书信,在信中海伦向艾丽斯介绍了自己两天前去城市太空博物馆的经历。 [答案]1．excited2．unusual3．to touch4．winner5．second6．was made7．told8．were eating9．for 10．and [解析] 1．考查形容词。句意：我以前从来没有去过那里,所以我很兴奋! excite“使兴奋”,动词。此处应用形容词excited“兴奋的”作表语。故填excited。 2．考查形容词。句意：我们要来一次不同寻常的体验! usual“通常的”,形容词。结合空前冠词an及文章内容可知,此处指一次不寻常的体验。unusual“不寻常的”,作定语修饰名词。故填unusual。 3．考查动词的非谓语形式。 此处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词objects,指可以触摸的物体。故填to touch。 4．考查名词。此处缺少主语,应用名词winner“获胜者”,结合“has”可知,用单数形式。故填winner。 5．考查序数词。句意：第二个房间看起来像宇宙飞船的内部。two“二”,基数词。room是单数,此处指第二个房间,应用序数词second表顺序。故填second。 6．考查动词的时态和语态。make“制作”,动词。it指宇航服,与make之间存在被动关系,且制作宇航服这件事发生在过去,应为一般过去时。从句主语it为第三人称单数,故be动词用was, make用其过去分词形式。故填was made。 7．考查动词时态。此处是含when引导的时间状语从句的复合句,从句动作发生时,主句动作正在进行。此处指妹妹告诉“我”她饿了的时候,“我们”正在看来自宇宙飞船的烤箱。主句是过去进行时,从句应为一般过去时。故填told。 8．考查动词时态。此处是含while引导的时间状语从句的复合句,从句应用过去进行时,从句主语是复数,be动词用were。故填were eating。 9．考查介词。此处考查固定结构buy sth. for sb. “给某人买某物”。故填for。 10．考查连词。“explored more of the museum”和“stayed for the rest of the day”之间是并列关系,用and连接。故填and。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$