专题微练11 词句猜测题——单词猜测题(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2025年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

专题微练11　词句猜测题——单词猜测题 [对应学生用书P165] A (2024·湖北黄冈中学模拟)Officials in San Francisco are asking the public to help choose a waste container among several models proposed for mass deployment (部署) in the California city.It is proving to be a costly project.One of the trash cans under consideration cost more than $20，000 and took four years to make. San Francisco began its search for the perfect public trash can in 2018.Officials decided it was time to replace the more than 3，000 cans that have served the city's streets for almost 20 years.The current trash cans open too widely，they say，permitting people to reach in.The cans also break a lot，requiring repairs.Sometimes people push them over or mark them with words and pictures.Sometimes，the cans are set on fire. Last month，the city deployed 15 made­to­order trash cans and 11 off­the­shelf trash cans.Attached to each was a QR code from which people could answer questions about the individual can.The city government project also created interactive maps so people can find the different models to consider.The so­called Soft Square model trash can was priced at $20，900，making it the most expensive model on the streets.It is made of light steel.A press of a pedal opens the can for hands­free operation.It has dividers so waste can be separated from materials for recycling，like aluminum and glass. City officials say，however，that the government will not pay more than three­thousand per can once a model is chosen for mass production.Beth Rubenstein is a spokeswoman for San Francisco's Department of Public Works.“We live in a beautiful city，and we want (the trash can) to be functional and cost­effective，but it needs to be beautiful，” she said. But the good looks of the shiny new trash cans have not protected them from vandalism and other disrespect.Three weeks after being deployed，several are overflowing，or covered in orange and white graffiti or dirty from coffee spills.Diane Torkelson volunteers on a team that removes trash from the streets near her home.She recently visited three of the proposed trash cans.Two were already full when the group arrived to inspect them，she said.“If the trash can is full，it's of no use，no matter how well it was designed，” she said. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章主要讲的是旧金山政府启动了一项耗资巨大的垃圾桶置换项目。 1．Why did San Francisco decide to replace the existing trash cans? A．They are damaged beyond repair. B．They are too small to hold the city's waste. C．They have outlived their useful life. D．They are difficult to clean and maintain. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“to replace the more than...The current trash cans open too widely，they say，permitting people to reach in.The cans also break a lot，requiring repairs.Sometimes people push them over or mark them with words and pictures.Sometimes，the cans are set on fire.”可知旧的垃圾桶已经超过了使用期限，故选C。 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The urban can replacement project. B．The trash can QR code campaign. C．The city­wide mapping initiative. D．The pedal­operated container program. 解析　A　主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段主要围绕着市政府的垃圾桶置换项目来展开，故选A。 3．What does the underlined word “vandalism” in the last paragraph mean? A．Destruction of property. B．Theft. C．Illegal invasion. D．Tagging. 解析　A　词句猜测题。根据最后一段画线词之前“But the good looks of the shiny new trash cans have not protected them from”以及画线词之后“and other disrespect.Three weeks after being deployed，several are overflowing，or covered in orange and white graffiti or dirty from coffee spills.”可知虽然新垃圾桶外表锃亮，但是在三周之后还是遭受到了不尊重，有些甚至被橙色和白色的涂鸦所覆盖，或者被咖啡溢出而弄脏，由此可以推知新垃圾桶不可避免地遭到了人为的破坏，所以画线词的意思应为故意破坏，故选A。 4．What is Diane's attitude towards the new trash cans? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“She recently visited three of the proposed trash cans.Two were already full when the group arrived to inspect them，she said.‘If the trash can is full，it's of no use，no matter how well it was designed，’ she said.”可知Diane认为如果垃圾桶不能及时清理，即使设计得再好也没有用，所以可以推测Diane对于新垃圾桶的态度是否定的，故选B。 B (2024·安徽合肥联考)In a neighborhood in the east of Paris，if you walk out of your front door，you can arrive at a kindergarten in one minute and a bookstore in three minutes.A bakery？It's across the street.Actually，all key things in daily life — work，food，schools and entertainment — are within a 15­minute walk. This neighborhood was built in this way more than 150 years ago and this old idea of having all important things close by has now evolved into an urban planning model that is gaining popularity around the world. “A 15­minute city not only improves quality of life，but can also reduce greenhouse gases.Transportation accounts for about 20% of global energy­related CO2 pollution，with cars making up almost 10%，”says Carlos Moreno，a professor at University of Paris，who has been helping the city put this idea to use.“Paris should integrate the 15­minute city as part of a broader strategy to get closer to net zero goals.” Besides reducing greenhouse gases，there are lots of “co­benefits” for people who live in 15­minute cities.Facilities that prioritize walking and biking mean less noise from cars and more safety for the people.Less air pollution from cars and daily routines with more walking and biking promote health.Redesigning cities where homes are mixed in with businesses can drive more foot traffic to those businesses. But one challenge to building 15­minute cities across France is financial.Many banks are still unwilling to provide loans for mixed­use developments，because they are still a relatively uncommon way to build communities.Other barriers have to do with parking in a more heavily populated area.The biggest obstacle involves public schools.When couples have kids，they often leave cities for suburbs，which they think have better schools. “If we want regional sustainability，we have to look to these urban places，”Makarewicz says.“But if we want to successfully introduce a 15­minute city approach to an area，we should focus on the way people want to live.” [语篇解读]　说明文。文章主要介绍了建立15分钟城市生活圈的优点及可能遇到的挑战。 5．What is a feature of the so­called 15­minute city? A．Better schools are built in the suburbs. B．People are required to walk or ride bikes. C．All important daily things are close by. D．Greenhouse gases are reduced to net zero. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Actually，all key things in daily life — work，food，schools and entertainment — are within a 15­minute walk.”可知，这种城市生活圈的特征是：将日常生活所必要的设施都规划在一起。故选C。 6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The difficulties of redesigning. B．The benefits of a 15­minute city. C．The harms of living in big cities. D．The costs to build 15­minute cities. 解析　B　主旨大意题。根据第四段的主旨句“Besides reducing greenhouse gases，there are lots of ‘co­benefits’ for people who live in 15­minute cities.”可知，本段主要介绍了15分钟城市带来的好处。故选B。 7．Which of the following best explains “obstacle” underlined in paragraph 5? A．Failure. B．Plan. C．Change. D．Problem. 解析　D　词句猜测题。根据画线词前“But one challenge to building 15­minute cities across France is financial.Many banks are still unwilling to provide loans for mixed­use developments，because they are still a relatively uncommon way to build communities.Other barriers have to do with parking in a more heavily populated area.”及下文“When couples have kids，they often leave cities for suburbs，which they think have better schools.”可知，在法国各地建设15分钟城市的挑战有财政问题，包括银行不愿意提供贷款，人口稠密地区无法停车。其中最大的障碍包括公共学校。所以画线单词指的也是规划及建设15分钟城市生活圈时会遇到的挑战，意为“问题，障碍”。故选D。 8．What is the key to putting Carlos Moreno' idea into use successfully? A．Urban residents' acceptance. B．The available urban space. C．People's willingness to lend money. D．The governmental support. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But if we want to successfully introduce a 15­minute city approach to an area，we should focus on the way people want to live.”可知，想要成功地将15分钟的城市方式引入一个地区，必须符合人们想要的生活方式，也就是说城市居民是否能够接受。故选A。 C (2024·广东广州复习联考)Polar bears are icons of the Arctic.Detailed monitoring of their populations is crucial for their conservation—but because polar bears are so difficult to find，we are missing critical data about population size.Scientists have now developed a new tool to help：DNA analysis using skin cells left in the bears' footprints in the snow. The scientists were inspired by the techniques that can be applied to tiny，degraded DNA samples.With these techniques，it isn't necessary to physically capture bears，which can be stressful and dangerous for both bears and humans.Instead，the researchers can turn to the snow tracks of polar bears and look at sources of DNA left in passing—environmental DNA.“The tracks usually contain fresh cells，and the DNA is_intact because of the cold‘storage’temperature，”said Dr.Melanie Lancaster of the World Wide Fund，lead author. The scientists collected snow from individual tracks made by Alaskan polar bears in the wild.Additional materials like hair and saliva(唾液)were sampled，confirming that the tracks provided accurate genotype(基因型) 24 wild polar bear tracks were sampled.The researchers melted and filtered the snow to collect environmental DNA，then carried out micro­satellite analysis.Although the concentrations (浓度)of DNA taken from trucks sampled in the wild were very low，13 of the wild polar bear samples could be genotype，identifying 12 different individuals. This technique has huge potential to inform conservation of these animals，to better understand their populations and behavior.Although the sampling has a lower success rate，ease of collection means that it can significantly expand sample sizes. “We hope this method will be taken up by the polar bear research community，with the involvement of hunters，volunteers，and local communities，as a new way to collect information on polar bears，”said Lancaster.“We also hope the method will be expanded to other animals living in snowy environments.” [语篇解读]　说明文。介绍研究人员通过分析北极熊雪地脚印中的DNA，创造了一种保护北极熊的开创性方法。 9．Why do scientists develop the new method? A．To improve the environment in the Arctic. B．To protect humans from the polar bears attack. C．To find solutions to global climate change. D．To gather essential data for monitoring polar bears. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段“Polar bears are icons of the Arctic.Detailed monitoring of their populations is crucial for their conservation—but because polar bears are so difficult to find，we are missing critical data about population size.Scientists have now developed a new tool to help：DNA analysis using skin cells left in the bears' footprints in the snow.“由此可知，科学家们是为了获取监测北极熊的关键数据。故选D。 10．What does the underlined word “intact” mean in paragraph 2? A.Unknown. B．Undamaged. C．Unusual. D．Unstable. 解析　B　词义猜测题。根据上文“The tracks usually contain fresh cells”以及下文“because of the cold ‘storage’ temperature”可知，DNA是完好无损的。 故选B。 11．What did the scientists do in the study? A．They tracked and caught polar bears in the wild. B．They recorded the bears' behaviors with cameras. C．They analyzed DNA from polar bears' snowy footprints. D．They compared the polar bears' genotype with other animals. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段“The scientists collected snow from individual tracks made by Alaskan polar bears in the wild.Additional materials like hair and saliva(唾液)were sampled，confirming that the tracks provided accurate genotype(基因型) 24 wild polar bear tracks were sampled.The researchers melted and filtered the snow to collect environmental DNA，then carried out micro­satellite analysis.” 可知，科学家分析了北极熊雪地脚印的DNA。故选C。 12．What is Lancaster's attitude toward the method? A．Disapproving. B．Favorable. C．Uncertain. D．Suspicious. 解析　B　推理判断题。由文章最后一段Lancaster所说的“We hope this method will be taken up by the polar bear research community，with the involvement of hunters，volunteers，and local communities，as a new way to collect information on polar bears，said Lancaster.We also hope the method will be expanded to other animals living in snowy environments.” 可推断，Lancaster赞同该研究方法。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$