专题微练10 主旨大意题——标题归纳题(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2025年高考英语二轮专题辅导与训练

专题微练10　主旨大意题——标题归纳题 [对应学生用书P162] A (2024·山东济南联合检测)On that hot August day in 2023，as ash rained down and flames closed in，Jim Rhodes didn't want to be anywhere but Coulterville.“My kid called from Alabama.We first heard about the fire from him，” Rhodes recalls.“He said，‘Evacuate(撤离)！’ I said，‘Evacuate？To where？’” Coulterville is a tiny town located among dry hills where local people raise cattle and other livestock.It has a main street，a park and a museum.It's got a cafe，a grocery shop and a post.And with summer temperatures routinely topping 100 degrees，it has fires—sometimes big fires. Eventually，this big fire got a name：the Moc Fire，for the tiny town of Moccasin—where it began as a brush fire. It burnt for 10 days，consuming almost 3，000 acres.Rhodes woke to find his truck covered in ash and the news was broadcasting evacuation orders.Ranchers(牧场主) across the region were fighting to protect their animals，loading them into the truck or just setting them loose to find safety.Volunteers were readying fairgrounds nearby to shelter animals.Already they were filling up with dogs，cats，chickens，horses，cattle，goats，sheep and rabbits. As residents and animals were brought out，firefighters poured in.“With them came the biggest bulldozer(挖土机)I've ever seen，” says Rhodes.“And they were sent to cut the firebreak that could save the town.We knew that if it made the cut，we'd all have to get out of here.” The situation was clear.The danger was growing.But slowly Rhodes realized that he hadn't come to Coulterville just to leave when the town needed him.He stayed，joining the handful of residents who gathered around the main street where fire officials posted updates.He knew he could help somebody，somehow. Around midmorning，a farmer he'd never met came by asking for help with animal evacuation.Rhodes's phone was still ringing，but he knew what to do.“I hung up my phone，got in the truck and headed down to his farm，” he says. [语篇解读]　记叙文。主要讲述了Rhodes居住的小镇受火灾的影响，火势蔓延，Rhodes在这种情况下选择留下来为当地居民提供帮助的故事。 1．Why did Rhodes' kid call? A．To help him put out the fire. B．To inform him of the big fire. C．To ask him to set animals free. D．To persuade him to stay home. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘My kid called from Alabama.We first heard about the fire from him，’ Rhodes recalls.”可知，Rhodes的孩子打电话告知他着火的事情。故选B。 2．What can we know about Coulterville? A．Most residents there raise livestock. B．It is a small town far from Moccasin. C．This place seldom has fires in summer. D．Its inhabitants have plenty of bulldozers. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Coulterville is a tiny town located among dry hills where local people raise cattle and other livestock.”以及第四段中“Ranchers(牧场主) across the region were fighting to protect their animals，loading them into the truck or just setting them loose to find safety”可知，Coulterville的大多数居民都饲养牲畜。故选A。 3．What would Rhodes do next according to the last paragraph? A．Move out to reunite with his kid. B．Gather his animals to a safe shelter. C．Help the stranger to save his animals. D．Join the residents to cut the firebreak. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Around midmorning，a farmer he'd never met came by asking for help with animal evacuation.Rhodes's phone was still ringing，but he knew what to do.‘I hung up my phone，got in the truck and headed down to his farm，’ he says.”可知，Rhodes挂断电话后，开着卡车去那位陌生人的农场，由此可推知，他接下来会帮助陌生人救他的动物。故选C。 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Saving Wild Animals in Coulterville B．A Trusted Neighbor in the Moc Fire C．A Tiny Town Suffering a Big Disaster D．Escaping from the Front Line of the Fire 解析　B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了Rhodes居住的小镇受火灾的影响，火势蔓延，Rhodes在这种情况下选择留下来为当地居民提供帮助，这个故事凸显了Rhodes在危机中不顾个人安危，乐于助人的品质。故文章最好的标题是“Moc大火中值得信赖的邻居”。故选B。 B (2024·山西太原测试)We have all heard that reducing meat and dairy (乳制品的) consumption is an important behavioral change that can help with our planet's climate.However，what is a successful strategy to get people to consume more plant­based food? Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital has an answer.They pioneered a vegetarian/vegan option to reduce climate change.Faulkner is among the 60 hospitals，universities，major companies，and cities that have signed an international pledge (保证) to reduce food­related greenhouse gas emissions (排放) by 25% by 2030. The hospital focused on the benefits of the ingredients in the dish rather than mention “vegan” or “vegetarian” in the name of any dishes on the hospital cafeteria menu.Another strategy that has been experimented with is the order of foods.For example，putting vegan and vegetarian foods before the ones containing meat urges the patients to take plant­based foods first. Through the research，the hospital has found that vegan and vegetarian labeled foods tend to categorize foods and attract only a certain number of the hospital's patients.Much like other labels，vegan and vegetarian foods have been left out of the diets of people who don't have any dietary restrictions. Although food is only a small percentage of hospital carbon emissions，reducing meat in cafeteria food will reduce the carbon emissions significantly.Additionally，vegan and vegetarian diets will help diversify people's diets，increasing their intake of healthful fiber，vitamins，and other micro­nutrients.Adding fish to their menu in the future is another good option since it can be sustainably fished. Since starting the pledge，the hospital has seen a 2.2%decrease in total emissions per calorie.This result of this strategy matches a similar study from MIT and could change what we think of plant­based foods. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章介绍了如何通过改变人们的饮食习惯来帮助应对地球气候变化。 5．What is the author's purpose in writing paragraph 1? A．To make a comparison. B．To lead in the topic. C．To provide background information. D．To introduce a new theory. 解析　B　推理判断题。文章第一段“We have all heard that reducing meat and dairy (乳制品的) consumption is an important behavioral change that can help with our planet's climate.However，what is a successful strategy to get people to consume more plant­based food？”首先指出，减少肉类和乳制品的消费可以对我们的地球气候有所帮助，然后提出问题：什么是让人们消费更多植物性食物的成功策略？文章下文就这一问题进行探讨，由此可推知，作者写第一段的目的是引入话题。故选B。 6．What aspect of the research is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Its target. B．Its findings. C．Its methods. D．Its influence. 解析　C　段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要介绍了布里格姆妇女医院福克纳分院采取的一些策略，包括不提及“vegan”或“vegetarian”这类词，以及将素食和纯素食物放在菜单的前面等。这些都是为了让人们更容易选择植物性食物，从而减少肉类消费和相关的碳排放。因此，第三段主要阐述研究的方法。故选C。 7．To reduce food­related carbon emissions，one can ________． A．limit the food intake B．change diets frequently C．avoid fish in the diet D．reduce meat consumption 解析　D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Although food is only a small percentage of hospital carbon emissions，reducing meat in cafeteria food will reduce the carbon emissions significantly.”可知，减少餐厅食物中的肉类将显著减少碳排放。由此可知，为了减少与食物相关的碳排放，人们可以减少肉类消费。故选D。 8．Which is the best title for the text? A．Do Labels Impact How We Eat? B．A Tendency Toward Labeled Foods Does Exist C．Plant­Based Foods — the Best Choice for Your Health D．Does Going on a Green Diet Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions? 解析　A　主旨大意题。文章第一段提出问题：什么是让人们消费更多植物性食物以减少碳排放的成功策略？文章下文就这一问题进行探讨，介绍了布里格姆妇女医院福克纳分院诊所开展的改变人们的饮食习惯来减少与食物相关的碳排放的研究，其中一个策略是不提及“vegan”或“vegetarian”这些标签，并阐述了研究的发现；由此可知；A项“Do Labels Impact How We Eat？”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A。 C (2024·九省联考)For lots of kids toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship.Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships，the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults.Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors，such as kindness，sharing，and cooperation. Even so，how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament (性格).Some toddlers are very social，but others are shy.In addition，the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship.Research at The Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior.Regardless of how much they like a playmate，they may still grab his toys，refuse to share，and get bossy.But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids of this age.Through play experiences，toddlers learn social rules.That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are.When you establish these guidelines，explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying.What's making him so sad？”)，then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”).When your child shares or shows empathy (同理心) toward a friend，praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”). Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words — not fists — to express how they feel.It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime.Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry，so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. [语篇解读]　说明文。 研究表明儿童越早学会培养积极的人际关系，长大以后就会越擅长与人交往。家长要了解孩子的特征，在玩耍中、交往中引导孩子去培养同情心、去解决问题、学会去爱。 9．What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior? A．They are interested in acting. B．They are shy with the strangers. C．They are fond of their playmates. D．They are tired of playing games. 解析　C　细节理解题。题目问“当蹒跚学步的孩子模仿玩伴的行为时，这表明了什么？”。A项“他们对表演感兴趣”，B项“他们在陌生人面前比较害羞”，C项“他们喜欢自己的玩伴”，D项“他们厌倦了玩游戏”。根据第二段中的“a toddler's way of saying ‘I like you’ during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior”可知，当蹒跚学步的孩子模仿玩伴的行为时，这意味着他在说“我喜欢你”，故C项正确。 10．What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? A．Design games for them. B．Find them suitable playmates. C．Play together with them. D．Help them understand social rules. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That's why it's so important to...setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are”可知，在你孩子的社交活动中扮演一个积极的角色，通过设置限制和频繁地提醒他们的身份是非常重要的。由此可见，作者建议父母帮助孩子理解社交规则，故选D。 11．What is the function of the quoted statements in Paragraph 4? A．Giving examples. B．Explaining concepts. C．Providing evidence. D．Making comparisons. 解析　A　推理判断题。结合生活常识和逻辑关系可知，第四段中引用的表述“Ben is crying.What's making him so sad？”(Ben哭了，什么让他如此伤心？)是“helping your child learn sympathy”的具体方式；“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball”(如果你让他玩球，他可能会好受点)是“resolve the problem”的具体方式；“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better”(Ben不哭了！你让他感觉好多了)是“praise him”的具体方式。由此可见，每个引用的表述都起到了举例的作用，故A项正确。 12．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How Children Adapt to Changes B．How to Be a Role Model for Children C．How Your Baby Learns to Love D．How to Communicate with Your Kid 解析　C　主旨大意题。第一段指出儿童越早学会培养积极的人际关系，他们长大后就会越擅长与人交往；第二段中讲到了儿童的性格特征和表达差异；第三段则讲到了在你家孩子的社交活动中扮演一个积极的角色是很重要的；第四五段则讲到了鼓励孩子积极交际的方式。综上可知，本文主要讲到了父母要在孩子成长的过程中教会孩子如何与人建立积极的人际关系，故C项适合作本文的标题。A项“孩子如何适应变化”，B项“如何成为孩子的榜样”，C项“你的孩子如何学会去爱”，D项“如何和你家孩子沟通”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$